An Invensys company

Technical Manual
R
e
f
.

D
C
S

9
9
0
5
G
/
0
2
-
2
0
0
2

-

S
u
b
j
e
c
t

t
o

t
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l

m
o
d
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n

w
i
t
h
o
u
t

p
r
i
o
r

n
o
t
i
c
e
.
Hawker S.A.
Rue Alexander Fleming ZI EST BP 962
62033 Arras Cedex France
Tel: + 33 3 21 60 25 25 Fax: + 33 3 21 73 16 51
www.hawker.invensys.com
Please refer to the website address for details of your nearest Hawker office
Hawker Worldwide Marketing
Rake Lane Clifton Junction Swinton
Manchester M27 8LR, UK
Tel: +44 (0)161 794 4611 Fax: +44 (0)161 793 6606
www.hawker.invensys.com
Electrical equipement used
within the EES shall meet
the general requirements given
in the EU EMC Directive (EMC =
Electro-Magnetic Compatability)
and the Low Voltage Directive.
The test methods and
specific requirements needed
to demonstrate fulfilment
of the directives are given
in harmonized standards for
the different equipment
and apparatus.
Equipment that has passed
the prescribed tests
with approved and documented
result is marqued with
the CE symbol.
The EMC Directive
Batteries are immune against
external electrogmagnetic
disturbance and do not,
isolated from any other electrical
system, create electro-
magnetical disturbancies.
Accordingly the CENELEC
Report R021-001 states that
batteries free from
electrical/electronic equipment
other than cell connectors
are excluded
from the EMC directive.
Use of the CE mark is then
not appropriate.
The Low Voltage
Directive (LVD)
According to the CENELEC
Report R021-001 all individual
cells are excluded from
the requirements of the LVD
directive, their nominal voltage
being less than 75 V.
Therefore CE-marking
of individual cells is neither
appropriate nor permitted.
Conclusion
The individual OPzS cells
must not be marked
with the CE symbol. However,
the assembled battery, if the
nominal voltage exceeds 75 V,
together with the electrical
system it is a part of, could be
such that the EMC and LVD
directives apply.
Marking
of batteries
Application Areas
for OPzS Batteries ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 1
Cell Design ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
The Electrolyte ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 3
Basic Electrochemical Function
of the Lead-Acid Cell ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Discharge Properties ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Charging Properties ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
Service Life ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Battery Selection ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Safety ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
EMC Requirements
and CE Marking .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Flap
Content
Page
1
This manual will enable you to select and specify
batteries using OPzS lead-acid single cells. OPzS
is a range of vented tubular cells designed for
stationary battery applications where reliability
and long service life are of utmost importance.
OPzS batteries in standby power systems for
telecommunication, control and safety systems
power plants and power di stri buti on
applications, emergency lighting installations
and photovoltaic solar systems. OPzS batteries
are suitable for all stationary applications, that
require a safe and reliable battery with long life.
The cells are designed for a long life expectancy
when operated i n normal float charge
conditions at 20C. The OPzS has a long proven
track record.
Application Areas
for OPzS Batteries
Vent Plug
Lid
Pole post
Container
Negative
Flat/Plate
Microporous
Separator
Positive tubular
Plate
Sediment
Space
2
Cell Containers and Lids
OPzS cell containers are made from fully transparent SAN
with clearly marked maximum and minimum levels which
enable quick and easy reading of the electrolyte level and
visual inspection of the cell.
The lids are made from grey coloured ABS.
Electrodes
The positive tubular plates are made from a special low-
antimony selenium alloy. This alloy is characterized by a
fine-grain structure and low corrosion rate, a basic property
for obtaining long battery service life and high reliability.
Due to the low antimony content, the water consumption
will stay low and stable during the service life.
The negative electrode consists of pasted flat plates where
the active material is pressed into the grid structure.
Separators
The separators are made of a special microporous material.
The porosity is such that the separator is easily permeable
for the ions that take part in the charge and discharge
processes but protects from migration of solid particles to
the other electrode, i.e. shedded active material.
Beside the microporous separators the OPzS cells have a
spacer consisting of perforated plastic to provide more
space and consequently more acid around the positive
plates.
Pole posts
The design effectively prevents acid leakage and pillar
corrosion over the lifetime of the battery. The pole posts
have a brass insert which metric thread to which the cell
connectors are mounted.
Cell Connectors
The OPzS standard cell connectors are made from solid
copper. They are mounted to the pole post with stainless
steel bolts and washers. Cell voltage can be measured
through a small hole in the protection above each pole
post.
Vent Plug
The standard vent plug is a flame arrestor plug, which filters
the sprayed acid and protects from external ignition of
internal charging gasses. A ceramic funnel vent plug (see
drawing below) as an option allows topping up of the cell
and taking specific gravity readings without removing it
from the cell.
On request, these cells are also available with lead
calcium alloy for the positive grid (OPzSC).
OPzS cells have tubular positive plates. The
tubular plate design is well proven and is well
known for its high reliability and long service life in
float charging operation ; it also withstands a
high number of charge discharge cycles.
Cell Design
Cap
Flame
arresting
porous
material
Lid
MAX acid level
MINI
Plate edge
Water trap
Explosive gas
3
The water used for topping up the battery must meet high
demands of purity to ensure that the battery function is not
impaired.
Specifications can be found in the DIN standard 43530 part
1-2 and 4.
The topping up water must be distilled or deionized. The
water is sufficiently pure if its electrical conductivity is less
than 10S/cm. The water should be stored in sealed plastic
containers.
For filling and commissioning of dry-charged cells, see our
installation and Operation Manual.
Electrolyte Specific Gravity
Fully Charged Cell :
1.240 0.010 at 20C and maximum level.
1.260 at 20C and minimum level.
Topping-Up Interval :
Approx 3 years under normal float-charge conditions
at 20c
Electrolyte Specific Gravity
Temperature Coefficient :
- 0.0007 per 1C
Electrolyte Freezing Point
Fully Charged Cell :
45C (reference acid specific gravity : 1.240)
Electrolyte Freezing Point
Fully Discharged Cell :
5 to 10C
(reference acid specific gravity : 1.100)
These values of specific gravity and float charging voltage
have been selected for the OPzS cells to give the optimum
combination of recharge time, low maintenance
requirements and life expectancy.
The electrolyte of the OPzS cells consists of dilued
sulphuric acid. It is colourless and odourless. The
electrolyte is strongly corrosive and it attacks most
metals and many organic compounds.
The Electrolyte
4
A lead-acid battery consists of a number of cells electrically
connected in series and/or in parallel. The basic parts of the
lead-acid cell are the positive and the negative electrode
immersed in an electrolyte consisting of dilute sulphuric
acid.
The electrodes consist of a lead structure with the double
purpose of giving mechanical strength and conducting
electric current. They also contain the active materials
which stores the chemical energy. The active material in the
charged and the discharged state is shown in the following
table :
The Open Circuit Voltage
The open circuit voltage depends on the concentration of
the electrolyte.
An approximate value for the open circuit voltage Uo can
be calculated from the formula :
Uo = (acid specific gravity) + 0.84 V
An OPzS cell with acid specific gravity 1.24 has an open
circuit voltage of 1.24 + 0.84 = 2.08 V.
During charging the cell voltage is higher and during
discharge it is lower than the open circuit voltage.
Discharge Reactions
Positive electrode :
PbO
2
+ SO
4
- -
+ 4H
+
+ 2e
-

PbSO
4 +
2H
2
O
Negative electrode
Pb + SO
4
- -
- 2e
-

2PbSO
4
Total reaction :
PbO
2
+ Pb + 2H
2
SO
4
2PbSO
4 +
2H
2
O
From the electrode reaction formulae it is observed that
the discharge means release of electrons at the negative
electrode and consumption of electrons at the positive
electrode. These electrons represent the discharge current
in the external discharge circuit connected to the cell.
During discharge sulphate ions are taken from the acid and
form lead sulphate in both electrodes. In the positive
electrode water is formed, which is transferred to the
electrolyte. Both the transfer of ions to the plates and the
formation of water contribute to a decrease in the acid
density during the discharge process.
Charging Reactions
Positive electrode :
PbSO
4
+ 2H
2
O + + SO
4
- -
- 2e
-

PbO
2 +
2H
2
SO
4
Negative electrode :
PbSO
4
+ 2H
+
+ 2e
-

Pb
+
H
2
SO
4
During the charging process sulphuric acid is released from
the electrodes. Thus the acid density increases during
recharge.
During the last part of the charging process hydrogen and
oxygen gas is released from the electrodes due to water
decomposition.
Basic Electrochemical Function
of the Lead-Acid Cell
State of Charge
Positive Electrode
Lead dioxide
PbO
2
Lead Sulfate
PbSO
4
Sulphuric acid
H
2
SO
4
Water
H
2
O
Spongy Lead
Pb

Lead Sulfate
PbSO
4
Charged
Discharged
Electrolyte Negative Electrode
Active Material
5
Discharge
Properties
Capacity
The capacity of a battery is the amount of electricity,
expressed in Ampere-hours(Ah), which can be supplied
during a discharge with constant current under specified
conditions of time, temperature and end of discharge
voltage. The available capacity of a fully charged battery
depends on the rate of discharge. A low rate discharge the
capacity is higher than at a high rate discharge. The nominal
capacity C10 of OPzS batteries is defined at the 10 hour rate
of discharge with an initial temperature of 20C to an end
voltage of 1.80 V/cell.
Typical characteristics for 10 and 5 hour discharge rates are
given in the diagram above.
The plate performance diagram is used to determine the
cell size needed at discharge rates and end voltages that are
not given in the performance tables. The OPzS range
consists of four plates sizes : 50, 70, 100 and 125 Ah. The
adjacent diagram for the 100 Ah plate defines the current
available during a 1h30 min discharge to an end voltage
of 1.87 V is 33 A/plate. This means that the cell type
6 OPzS 600, having 6 positive 100 Ah plates, can supply
6 x 33 = 198 A during this period and to this end voltage.
Discharge Performance
Plate Performance
Diagram
The published performance and other electrical
data for the OPzS cells have been established in
accordance with the test methods given in the
international standard EN60896-1.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90
Discharge Current
1,98 1,95V 1,92V 1,90V
1,87V 1,85V
1,83V 1,80V
1,75V 1,70V
20h
10h
8h
6h
5h
4h
3h
2h
1,5h
1h
0,5h
0,25h
2.00
5 h
10 h
0 10 20 30
% of C
10
C
e
l
l

v
o
l
t
a
g
e

(
V
)
40 50 60 70 80 90 100
1.95
1.90
1,85
1.80
1.75
1.70
1.65
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

(
A
h
/
p
l
)
6
Internal Resistance
and the Short-Circuit Current
The internal resistance and the short-circuit current of a
cell depend on several parameters. The values given in the
adjacent table have been derived by test on fully charged
cells in accordance with the international standard
EN608961. For calculation of battery short-circuits current
refer to the international standard EN61660-1 and 2.
Coup de fouet (Voltage Dip)
During the first few minutes of discharge the battery voltage
drops significantly and recovers to a steady value. The
voltage drop is called coup de fouet and is caused by a
particular phenomenon when the formation of lead
sulphate starts on the positive plate. The published
performance data of OPzS cell include the voltage drop. The
cell voltage will not drop below the specified final voltage.
Deep Discharge
Deep discharge should be avoided. After a discharge the
battery should be recharged as soon as possible. Occasional
discharge of the full capacity i.e. 100 % C
10
, does not harm
the OPzS cells. When discharging and recharging more
frequently a maximum of 80 % in each cycle should be
discharged.
Self-Discharge
The self-discharge of fully charged OPzS cells is about 2%
per month at 20 C. The rate of self-discharge doubles for
each temperature increase of 10 C.
Temperature Influence
The temperature correction factor of the capacity is 0.6%
per C for capacity ratings from 3 to 10 hours in the
temperature range 10-30C.
Cell Type
4 OPzS 200 2400 0.85
5 OPzS 250 3000 0.68
6 OPzS 300 3600 0.57
5 OPzS 350 3400 0.60
6 OPzS 420 4075 0.50
7 OPzS 490 4750 0.43
6 OPzS 600 5000 0.40
7 OPzS 700 5800 0.34
8 OPzS 800 6650 0.30
9 OPzS 900 7475 0.27
10 OPzS 1000 8300 0.24
11 OPzS 1100 9150 0.22
12 OPzS 1200 9950 0.20
11 OPzS 1375 8800 0.22
12 OPzS 1500 9600 0.21
13 OPzS 1625 10400 0.19
14 OPzS 1750 11200 0.18
15 OPzS 1875 12000 0.16
16 OPzS 2000 12800 0.15
17 OPzS 2125 13600 0.14
18 OPzS 2250 14400 0.14
19 OPzS 2375 15200 0.13
20 OPzS 2500 16000 0.12
22 OPzS 2750 17600 0.11
24 OPzS 3000 19200 0.10
I
sc
A
R
i
m/Cell.
7
Charging Properties
Constant Current Charge
Charging with constant current is sometimes useful, for
commissioning charging or equalizing.
The charging current should be limited to maximum 0.05
A/Ah(=0.5x10) when the cell voltage exceeds 2.40 V.
Constant Voltage Charge
Constant voltage chargers with current limitation are widely
used in stationary battery applications. The following
diagram shows the voltage and current of a cell being
charged.
When float charging OPzS cells the battery charging voltage
shall be n x 2.23 Vpc 1%V, where n is the number of cells
connected in series.
A 110 V battery with 54 cells shall have a float voltage of
54 x 2.23 = 120.42 V. The charger should have an output
voltage accuracy of 1% or better from zero to full load.
The individual cell voltage can vary in the range of 1%
0.1 Vpc to 0.05 Vpc.
A temperature compensation of the float charging voltage
between 5 and 40 C is not required.
Floating Voltage
This voltage must be adjusted to the yearly average
temperature of the room according to the following table :
The float charge should be within the specified limits.
An increase of the charging voltage by 40mV per cell will
increase the float charge current by 50-60 %. This will
increase the water consumption considerably and also
reduce the service life of the battery.
The float charge current for OPzS cells is 0.15 0.30 mA/Ah
at 20 C and float voltage 2.23 Vpc.
2,5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 h
2.4
V
2.3
2.2
2.1
2.0
100
%
120
80
60
40
20
0
100
%
80
60
40
20
0
Charging period t
C
h
a
r
g
i
n
g

c
u
r
r
e
n
t

I
C
e
l
l

v
o
l
t
a
g
e
Charged Ah
Discharged Ah
1 Charging voltage 2.40 V
2 Charging voltage 2.23 V
1
2
+5C to 15C
16C to 25C
26C to 35C
2.30 V/cell
2.25 V/cell
2.22 V/cell
Yearly average temperature
of room
Floating voltage
2.23 V/Cell
Current Limitation
0.05 x C
10
0.05 x C
10
0.10 x C
10
0.10 x C
10
0.15 x C
10
0.15 x C
10
0.20 x C
10
0.20 x C
10
2.40 V/Cell
Current Limitation
8
Available Capacity
The normal float charge voltage is sufficiently high to
recharge the battery and to keep the battery fully charged
during standby operation. To reduce the recharge time the
charge voltage may be increase to 2.23 2.40 Vpc.
However care must be taken that the maximum permissible
voltage of the parallel connected system is not exceeded. No
limitation of the charging current is necessary from the
battery point of view up to an average cell voltage of 2.40 V.
The fully state of charge is achieved when the electrolyte
density (S.G) and the charge current show constant values
during two consecutive reading at an interval of two hours.
Charge Efficiciency
The charge efficiency is the ratio between the discharged
Ampere-hours ( Ah) or Watt-hours ( Wh) and the recharged
Ah or Wh, which are required to recharged the battery to
fully charge state. The Ah efficiency and the Wh-efficiency
depend on the conditions during discharge and recharge.
Typical values for a complete discharge-recharge cycle
are :
Ah 86 % et Wh 72 %
The Wh efficiency is lower than the Ah-efficiency due to
the influence of the high recharge voltage and the low
discharge voltage.
Equalizing Charge
Equalizing charge is recommended when individual cells in
a battery show deviations from the specific electrolyte
density (S.G) or float voltage exceed tolerance value.
Boost Charge
Boost charge is used when the recharge time must be kept
short or in the case of battery discharges being so frequent
that normal float charging is not sufficient to bring the
battery back to the fully charged state. This may happen
where the battery is used in buffer operation or where
power outage is frequent.
Boost charging should be carried out periodically. Boost
charging should be balanced to be sufficient without giving
the battery unnecessary overcharge. Unnecessary
overcharge gives no advantage but causes increased water
consumption and ageing. A charging voltage of 2.33 2.40
V/cell is normally sufficient. The ideal parameters for boost
charging must however be calculated during or
experimented with in each case.
Discharge %
% of C
10
Charge Time
h
3 88 94 95 96 88 96 98 100
25 6 94 96 97 97 98 99 99 100
10 96 97 97 97 100 100 100 100
20 97 98 98 98 100 100 100 100
3 63 75 82 85 63 75 88 90
50 6 75 89 90 92 75 93 96 97
10 90 93 93 94 91 98 98 98
20 95 95 95 95 100 100 100 100
3 38 50 63 68 38 50 63 75
75 6 50 73 80 83 50 75 88 90
10 66 86 88 89 66 91 96 96
20 93 93 93 93 95 100 100 100
3 13 25 38 47 13 25 38 50
100 6 25 50 65 70 25 50 76 80
10 42 73 78 80 41 83 87 90
20 80 91 91 91 83 98 100 100
9
Service Life
Temperature Influence
Higher temperature increases the speed of chemical
reactions. This also applies to ageing processes of a
battery. A temperature rise of 10C under constant voltage
charging will double the charging current. Accordingly
a temperature increase to 30C from the reference value
20 C will reduce the service life by half the design life.
Endurance in Cycles
The endurance in cycles is about 1200 cycles to a depth of
discharge of 75 %.
Ripple Current
Superimposed ripple current is caused by the charger.
Ripple current generates heat and increases the water
consumption and should therefore be kept as low as
possible. The RMS value of ripple current shall not exceed
5 A/100 Ah during float charging and 10 A/100 Ah during
boost charging.
End of Service Life
Typically an OPzS battery keeps its capacity virtually
constant during 85- 90 % of its service lifetime. A capacity
test is recommended to check that the battery is in order.
When the battery approaches its end of life, an accelerating
loss of capacity will begin. As a general rule the battery
should be taken out of service and replaced when a
repeated capacity test indicates that the remaining capacity
has decreased to 80 % of its nominal value.
100
20 30 40 50 60
80
60
40
20
0
Design life %
Battery temp C
10
Parallel Battery Strings
OPzS batteries can be used parallel connected in two or
more strings.
Advantages :
One battery string can be disconnected for repair or
test while the other(s) still can supply power in an
emergency situation.
The battery installation may be arranged for a desired
degree of redundancy.
Smaller and lighter cells to handle during installation.
Disadvantages :
Higher battery cost.
Increased maintenance work
More space required.
Sizing Against Constant Current
Or Constant Power Load.
For the selection of a battery type use the OPzS
performance tables. The batteries can be sized for constant
current or constant current power load.
Example 1
Problem :
A battery is needed working within the voltage range
220 22 V. In a case of main power outage the battery
shall be able to deliver a discharge current of 75 A for
a duration of 2 hours. Select the adequate battery type
in the OPzS type series.
Solution :
Step 1 : Determination of the number of cells. To obtain
maximum utilisation of the battery capacity, the
number of cells should be kept as high as possible. This
number of cells is limited upwards by the battery float
charging voltage, which should be kept as close to the
maximum voltage limit as possible. The float voltage
for OPzS is 2.23 V per cell. The number of cells
therefore is calculated as :
(220+22) / 2.23 = 108.5
which is rounded off downwards to the closest integer.
Thus the number of cells therefore is 108.
Step 2 : Selection of cell type from the discharge
performance data sheet. The minimum allowed
battery voltage during discharge is 220-22 = 198 V. The
battery must be able to carry the load not exceeding
minimum cell voltage of :
198 / 108 = 1.83 V
Use the table in the data sheet for discharge at current
to the end voltage 1.83 V/cell and look in the column
for two hours discharge for the current equal to or
larger than 75 A.
Read the cell type in the left column. It is found that
5 OPzS 250 gives 76.3 A for two hours to an end voltage
of 1.83 V/cell.
Thus, the battery is 108 cells type 5 OPzS 250.
Example 2
Problem :
A battery is needed operating within the voltage range
220 22 V and shall be able to supply 17.5 kw for a
duration of 3 hours.
Solution :
In the same way as in example 1, calculate the number
of cells to be 108 and the end voltage to be 1.83 V/cell.
The requested power per cell 17500 / 108 = 162 W/cell.
Use the performance table for constant power with an
end voltage of 1.83 V/cell and look in the 3 hours
column for a power of 162 W or the closest higher. It
is found that 5 OPzS 350 gives 166 W. The suitable
battery type is 108 cells type 5 OPzS 350.
Battery Selection
11
Sizing Against a Load Profile
In many cases the battery is expected to perform to a load
profile, i.e. a load that varies during the discharge time.The
purpose of the battery can be a power supply for :
A control and monitoring system calling for constant
low power for 2 hours followed by a
Circuit breaker tripping for a total of 30 sec.high power.
There are number of different methods available for the
calculation of the proper battery type to achieve such a
combined load profile. The use of these methods relays
upon experience as the different methods depend on the
shape of the discharge profile. The battery type selection
in such cases should be forwarded to Hawker local sales
office. To reach an adequate solution it is necessary to
specify properly the load profile to be met along with
parameters listed below. Use of the following checklist is
recommended :
Voltage :
The highest (charge) and lowest (discharge) permissible
battery voltage.
Number of cells :
Specify if certain number of cells shall be used.
Load profile :
Where the specified current values represent the total
battery load. If there is a requirement for a battery design
safety margin for example for a battery ageing or
compensation, the load profile should include the correct
values accordingly.
Temperature :
The range of temperature within which the battery shall be
able to supply the specified load.
Charging Time :
Possible limitation on the recharge time available until the
discharge in accordance with the load profile can be
repeated.
Dimensions :
Possible dimensional limitation in the battery floor area or
weight.
Required Service Life :
To be given where required
Accessibility :
Requirements of free space over and around the battery for
inspection and water replenishment.
Technical Spec. :
Possible requirement to follow the customers technical
specification.
Service Result :
Where an existing battery is to be replaced, information
about the experience with the old battery can be useful for
the selection of the new one.
General
Some risks are present when working with lead-acid
batteries :
Corrosive electrolyte
Explosive gas mix
Voltage
Weight
Battery dismantling and installation work must be carried
out with caution to minimize the risk of accidents. Use of
adequate safety equipment prevents or limits the damage
caused by accident.
Electrolyte
The electrolyte of fully charges OPzS batteries contains
about 32 % by weight of sulphuric acid. The acid attacks
many metals and organic materials. All handling of acid
must therefore be carried out with caution and with fresh
rinsing water available in the vicinity. Splashes of acid on
the skin must immediately be rinsed off with plenty of
water. If the eyes or mouth is affected, rinse for at least 5
minutes and then see a doctor immediately.
Protective equipment, at least protective eye glasses, must
be used during all work with a risk of acid splashes. When
handling large amounts of acid, e.g. during moving or filling
the cells, always use rubber gloves and protective apron.
Battery explosion
Explosive gas may be present in the cells at any time. A tiny
spark is sufficient to ignite the gas. Ignition is likely to result
in a cell explosion breaking the cell container into pieces.
The risk of transfer of the explosion to the surrounding cells
is considerable. Be aware that acid and debris from the cell
container can cause personal injury.
Avoid making sparks during all work with batteries. Remove
finger rings, metal bracelets etc, use insulated tools and
never remove connectors while there is a current flow in
the battery. Avoid electrostatic charges by wearing clothing
made from suitable materials.
The risk of static electricity can also be reduced by the use
of conductive floor cover material.
Use of flame arresting vent plugs gives a high improvement
in safety as ignition of gas. Most cases occur outside the
cells and then spread into them.
Voltage and Short Circuit
A filled battery is live. The potential difference between
cells far enough apart in the battery can be dangerous to
life.
The short-circuit current of stationary tubular cells is about
1000 A per 100 Ah nominal capacity. Even a transient
inadvertant shortcircuit may cause heavy sparks with the
risk of personal injury and/or damage to contact surfaces.
ALWAYS USE INSULATED TOOLS
WHEN WORKING ON THE BATTERY
To reduce the risk of injury a stationary battery must be
arranged so that inadvertant touching of live parts with a
potential difference of more than 120 V is prevented
(EN60272-2). This rule also applies even when the battery is
furnished with fully insulated cell connectors. The standard
flat copper cell connectors used with OPzS batteries has a
protection degree of IP 20.
*A prolonged short circuit may cause damage to the pole
seal as the pillars become hot.
Weight
Large stationary cells are heavy. Imprudent handling of
them may result in crush injury on hands and feet or back
injury. Use proper lifting devices and work carefully.
Safety
12
An Invensys company
Technical Manual
R
e
f
.

D
C
S

9
9
0
5
G
/
0
2
-
2
0
0
2

-

S
u
b
j
e
c
t

t
o

t
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l

m
o
d
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n

w
i
t
h
o
u
t

p
r
i
o
r

n
o
t
i
c
e
.
Hawker S.A.
Rue Alexander Fleming ZI EST BP 962
62033 Arras Cedex France
Tel: + 33 3 21 60 25 25 Fax: + 33 3 21 73 16 51
www.hawker.invensys.com
Please refer to the website address for details of your nearest Hawker office
Hawker Worldwide Marketing
Rake Lane Clifton Junction Swinton
Manchester M27 8LR, UK
Tel: +44 (0)161 794 4611 Fax: +44 (0)161 793 6606
www.hawker.invensys.com
Electrical equipement used
within the EES shall meet
the general requirements given
in the EU EMC Directive (EMC =
Electro-Magnetic Compatability)
and the Low Voltage Directive.
The test methods and
specific requirements needed
to demonstrate fulfilment
of the directives are given
in harmonized standards for
the different equipment
and apparatus.
Equipment that has passed
the prescribed tests
with approved and documented
result is marqued with
the CE symbol.
The EMC Directive
Batteries are immune against
external electrogmagnetic
disturbance and do not,
isolated from any other electrical
system, create electro-
magnetical disturbancies.
Accordingly the CENELEC
Report R021-001 states that
batteries free from
electrical/electronic equipment
other than cell connectors
are excluded
from the EMC directive.
Use of the CE mark is then
not appropriate.
The Low Voltage
Directive (LVD)
According to the CENELEC
Report R021-001 all individual
cells are excluded from
the requirements of the LVD
directive, their nominal voltage
being less than 75 V.
Therefore CE-marking
of individual cells is neither
appropriate nor permitted.
Conclusion
The individual OPzS cells
must not be marked
with the CE symbol. However,
the assembled battery, if the
nominal voltage exceeds 75 V,
together with the electrical
system it is a part of, could be
such that the EMC and LVD
directives apply.
Marking
of batteries
An Invensys company
Technical Manual
R
e
f
.

D
C
S

9
9
0
5
G
/
0
2
-
2
0
0
2

-

S
u
b
j
e
c
t

t
o

t
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l

m
o
d
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n

w
i
t
h
o
u
t

p
r
i
o
r

n
o
t
i
c
e
.
Hawker S.A.
Rue Alexander Fleming ZI EST BP 962
62033 Arras Cedex France
Tel: + 33 3 21 60 25 25 Fax: + 33 3 21 73 16 51
www.hawker.invensys.com
Please refer to the website address for details of your nearest Hawker office
Hawker Worldwide Marketing
Rake Lane Clifton Junction Swinton
Manchester M27 8LR, UK
Tel: +44 (0)161 794 4611 Fax: +44 (0)161 793 6606
www.hawker.invensys.com
Electrical equipement used
within the EES shall meet
the general requirements given
in the EU EMC Directive (EMC =
Electro-Magnetic Compatability)
and the Low Voltage Directive.
The test methods and
specific requirements needed
to demonstrate fulfilment
of the directives are given
in harmonized standards for
the different equipment
and apparatus.
Equipment that has passed
the prescribed tests
with approved and documented
result is marqued with
the CE symbol.
The EMC Directive
Batteries are immune against
external electrogmagnetic
disturbance and do not,
isolated from any other electrical
system, create electro-
magnetical disturbancies.
Accordingly the CENELEC
Report R021-001 states that
batteries free from
electrical/electronic equipment
other than cell connectors
are excluded
from the EMC directive.
Use of the CE mark is then
not appropriate.
The Low Voltage
Directive (LVD)
According to the CENELEC
Report R021-001 all individual
cells are excluded from
the requirements of the LVD
directive, their nominal voltage
being less than 75 V.
Therefore CE-marking
of individual cells is neither
appropriate nor permitted.
Conclusion
The individual OPzS cells
must not be marked
with the CE symbol. However,
the assembled battery, if the
nominal voltage exceeds 75 V,
together with the electrical
system it is a part of, could be
such that the EMC and LVD
directives apply.
Marking
of batteries