NOORUL ISLAM UNIVERSITY B.

E AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING SIXTH SEMESTER - FIRST SERIES TEST

AE 208 PROPULSION II

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

TWO MARKS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

1.

Define propulsive efficiency of ramjet engine. The propulsive efficiency of ramjet engine is defined as the ratio of thrust power to power output.

2. Define combustion efficiency. The combustion efficiency is defined as the ratio of enthalpy rise of air to heat supplied to it. 3. Define diffuser efficiency. Diffuser efficiency is defined as the ratio of actual pressure rise to ideal pressure rise. 4. What are the advantages of ramjet engine? i) ii) iii) iv) v) Ramjet engine is very simple and does not have any moving part. Cost is low. Less maintenance. There is no upper limit for flight speed. Light weight when compared to turbojet engine.

5. What are the disadvantages of ramjet engine? i) Since the take off thrust is zero, it is not possible to start a ramjet engine without an external launching device. ii) The combustor required flame holder to stabilize the combustion due to high speed of air. iii) It has low thermal efficiency. iv) It is very difficult to design a diffuser which will give good pressure recovery over a wide range of speeds. 6. What are the applications of ramjet engine? i) It is widely used in high speed aircrafts and missiles due to its high thrust and high operational speed. ii) Subsonic ramjets are used in target weapons.

7. Explain critical inlet mode operation. When the inlet can accept the mass flow of air required to position the terminal shock just inside the cowl lip. This is called critical inlet operation. 8. What is subcritical operation? When the inlet is not matched to the engine, the normal shock moves upstream. This is called as subcritical operation. 9. What is super critical operation? When the inlet can not capture the mass flow required by the engine, the terminal shock is sucked into the diffuser. This is called super critical operation. 10. What are the factors to be considered to select the fuel for ramjet engine? i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi) The calorific value of fuel The case with which it can be ignited Its physical properties Its storage ability Toxicity Corrosiveness

11. What are the factors affecting the combustion process? i) ii) iii) iv) The burner geometry Physical and chemical characteristics of fuel The air fuel ratio The velocity of working fluid

12. Briefly explain scramjet engine? A scramjet is a variant of a ramjet air breathing jet engine in which combustion takes place in supersonic airflow. 13. Define thrust. Thrust is a force which propels the engine in to the forward direction. Unit for thrust is Newtons. 14. Define specific impulse. It is defined as the ratio of thrust to weight flow rate of air-fuel mixture. Unit for the specific impulse is seconds.

15. What is mach number? Mach number is defined as the ratio of velocity of fluid to velocity of sound. 16. State the comparison between jet engines and rocket engines. In the jet engines, oxygen obtained from the surrounding atmosphere for combustion process. In the rocket engines, the propulsion unit consists of own oxygen supply for combustion purpose. 17. What are the classifications of rocket engine? Rocket engine classified as follows: i) Chemical rocket engines ii) Nuclear rocket engines iii) Electrical rocket engines iv)Solar rocket engines 18. What is under expanded nozzle? It is a nozzle which discharges fluid at exit pressure greater than external pressure, because the exit area is too small. 19. What is over expanded nozzle? It is a nozzle which discharges fluid at exit pressure lower than external pressure, because the exit area is too large. 20. What are the advantages of conical nozzle? i) ii) It has simple configuration It is relatively easy to fabricate.

21. Define effective speed ratio. It is the ratio of speed of flight to velocity of jet. 22. In rocket engine, how the propulsive efficiency varies with respect to speed ratio? In rocket engine, if the speed ratio is increased, the propulsive efficiency is also increased and reaches maximum value when the speed ratio is unity. After that, the propulsive efficiency is decreased with increase in speed ratio.

SIX MARKS QUESTIONS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Explain the performance of ramjet engine? Derive ideal efficiency for ramjet engine. Draw h-s diagram for ramjet engine and actual and ideal processes. Explain the performance of rocket engine? Explain can type combustion chamber with neat sketch? Explain baffle type combustion chamber with neat sketch? Explain supersonic combustion process with suitable diagram? Derive thrust equation for rocket engine.

TEN MARKS QUESTIONS 1. Explain the working principle of ramjet engine with neat sketch? 2. What are the classifications of rocket nozzles? Explain. 3. Briefly explain typical modes of inlet operations with suitable sketches? 4. Describe the working principle of rocket engine with neat sketch. 5. What are the problems involved in supersonic combustion process? 6. Explain the combustion process in ramjet engine? 7. A ramjet engine propels an aircraft at a mach number of 1.4 and at an altitude of 6000 m. The diameter of the inlet diffuser entry is 40 cm and calorific value of the fuel is 43 MJ /Kg. The stagnation temperature at the nozzle entry is 1500K. Determine the following: i) The efficiency of ideal cycle ii) Speed ratio iii) Air flow rate iv) Diffuser pressure ratio v) Fuel air ratio vi) Nozzle pressure ratio vii) Jet mach number viii) Propulsive efficiency ix) Thrust Assume, diffuser efficiency: 0.92 Combustion efficiency: 0.97 Nozzle jet efficiency: 0.95 Stagnation pressure loss in the combustion chamber = 0.02 p02. 8. A ramjet engine flies at an altitude of 6500 m and the flight Mach number is 4. The data for the engine is given below: Air fuel ratio: 52 Calorific value of fuel: 44 MJ/kg Diffuser inlet diameter: 0.48 m Efficiency of diffuser: 0.85 Efficiency of combustion chamber: 0.97 Efficiency of the nozzle: 0.96

Calculate the following: i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi) vii) viii) ix) x) Ideal cycle efficiency Flight speed Air and fuel consumption Diffuser pressure ratio Maximum temperature in the cycle Nozzle pressure ratio Exit Mach number Thrust Air specific impulse Thrust specific fuel consumption