11(2014) 299 319!

Rayleigh waves in isotropic microstretch thermoelastic diffusion solid half space

Abstract This paper is devoted to the study of propagation of Rayleigh waves in a homogeneous isotropic microstretch generalized thermoelastic diffusion solid half-space. Secular equations in mathematical conditions for Rayleigh wave propagation are derived for stress free, insulated/impermeable and isothermal/isoconcentrated boundaries. The phase velocity, attenuation coefficient, the components of normal stress, tangential stress, tangential couple stress, microstress, temperature change and mass concentration are computed numerically. The path of surface particles is also obtained for the propagation of Rayleigh waves. The computationally stimulated results for the resulting quantities are represented to show the effect of thermally insulated, impermeable boundaries and isothermal, isoconcentrated boundaries alongwith the relaxation times. Some particular cases have also been deduced from the present investigation. Key words Rayleigh waves; Frequency equation; Phase velocity; Attenuation coefficient; Microstretch

Rajn eesh Kum ar b Sa njeev Ah u ja c S. K.Garg

a

*, a

Department of Mathematics, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India

b

University Institute of Engg. & Tech., Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
c

Department of Mathematics, Deen Bandhu Chotu Ram Uni. of Sc. & Tech., Sonipat, Haryana, India Received in 09 Mar 2013 In revised form 16 May 2013 Author email: rajneesh_kuk@rediffmail.com

1 INTRODUCTION
Eringen [1966, 1968] developed the theory of micromorphic bodies by considering a material point as endowed with three deformable directions. Subsequently, he developed the theory of microstretch elastic solid [1971] which is a generalization of micropolar elasticity [1966]. The material points in microstretch elastic body can stretch and contract independently of the translational and rotational processes. The difference between these solids and micropolar elastic solids stems from the presence of scalar microstretch and a vector first moment. These solids can undergo intrinsic volume change independent of the macro volume change and is accompanied by a non deviatoric stress moment vector. Eringen [1990] also developed the theory of thermo microstretch elastic solids. The microstretch continuum is a model for Bravias lattice with a basis on the atomic level and a two phase dipolar solid with a core on the macroscopic level. For example, composite materials reinforced with

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R. Kumar et al. / Rayleigh waves in isotropic microstretch thermoelastic diffusion solid half space

chopped elastic fibres, porous media whose pores are filled with gas or inviscid liquid, asphalt or other elastic inclusions and solid-liquid crystals, etc., should be characterizable by microstretch solids. A comprehensive review on the micropolar continuum theory has been given in his book by Eringen [1999]. Iesan and Pompei [1995] discussed the equilibrium theory of microstretch elastic solids. Propagation of Rayleigh surface waves in microstretch thermoelastic continua under inviscid fluid loadings have been investigated by Sharma et. al.[2008]. Quintanilla [2002] also developed the spatial decay for the dynamic problems of thermomicrostretch elastic solid. The plane waves of generalized thermomicrostretch elastic half space under three theories have been developed by Othman and Lotfy[2010].The propagation of free vibrations in microstretch thermoelastic homogeneous isotropic, thermally conducting plate bordered with layers of inviscid liquid on both sides subjected to stress free thermally insulated and isothermal conditions have been investigated by Kumar and Pratap [2009]. In recent times, Kumar and Kansal [2011] construct the fundamental solution of system of differential equations in the theory of thermomicrostretch elastic diffusive solids in case of steady oscillations in terms of elementary functions. The thermodiffusion in elastic solids is due to coupling of fields of temperature, mass diffusion and that of strain in addition to heat and mass exchange with the environment. Nowacki [1974,1976] developed the theory of thermoelastic diffusion by using coupled thermoelastic model. Dudziak and Kowalski [1989] and Olesiak and Pyryev [1995] respectively, discussed the theory of thermodiffusion and coupled quasi-stationary problems of thermal diffusion for an elastic layer. Uniqueness and reciprocity theorems for the equations of generalized thermoelastic diffusion problem, in isotropic media, was proved by Sherief et al. [2004] on the basis of the variational principle equations, under restrictive assumptions on the elastic coefficients. Recently, Kumar and Kansal [2008] developed the basic equation of anisotropic thermoelastic diffusion based upon Green-Lindsay model. Kumar and Kansal [2009] discussed the propagation of Rayleigh waves in a homogeneous transversely isotropic, generalized thermoelastic diffusive half-space. Sharma [2007, 2008] discussed the plane harmonic generalized thermoelastic diffusive waves and elasto thermodiffusive surface waves in heat-conducting solids. In recent times, Singh et. al [2012] discussed the Rayleigh wave in a rotating magneto-thermo-elastic half-plane. Rayleigh surface waves have been well recognized in the study of earthquakes, seismology, geophysics and geodynamics. These types of surface waves propagate in half space. These waves have been of long standing interest in seismology, Richter [1958]. Keeping in view the above applications of microstretch thermoelastic diffusion processes, in what follows the propagation of Rayleigh waves in a homogeneous, isotropic, generalized microstretch thermoelastic diffusion half-space will be investigated. The phase velocity, attenuation coefficient, normal stress, tangential stress, microrotation, microstress, temperature change, and mass concentration, specific loss and path of surface particles of wave propagation are obtained from the secular equations. The resulting quantities are computed numerically and presented graphically.

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301

!
2

(, ( u ) 1 (, "C = / 2 , 1 + ' 1 . "T # & 2 + 1 + ' (! + 2 + K ) " (".u! ) # ( + K ) " $ " $ u! + K " $ %! + !O "% * # &1 ) + . * * (t (t (t

2!

(1)

! ! ! ! )2% ! (! + " + # ) $ ($.% ) & # $ ' ($ ' % ) + K $ ' u & 2 K% = ( j )t 2 , " ( j0 ) 2# * ! & ' # * & ' ".u ! ) + $ C + % 1C ! 0" 2# * + $1 (T + % 1T = 2 1 0 2 )t 2

(2)

(3)

& & %) ! %) " " +/ C "" , " + , T & 1 + #$ % ) " * + .C * ( 1 + $ 0 + T K *! 2T = "1T0 ( 1 + #$ 0 + !.u + aT0 ( C 1 0( 0 1 ) + %t * %t * %t * ' ' '
! "" ' Db" 2 C + % 1C " = 0, " + &% 0C ")+ C D! 2" 2 (".u ) + D# 2" 2$ * + Da" 2 (T + % 1T
and constitutive relations are

(4)

(5)

tij = ! ur ,r" ij + ui , j + u j ,i + K u j ,i # $ ijr% r + !o" ij% * # &1 (1 + ' 1

) (

( ( )T " ij # & 2 (1 + ' 1 )C" ij , (t (t

(6)

mij = !" r ,r# ij + $" i , j + %" j ,i + b0& mji" ,*m ,

(7) (8)

!i* = " 0# ,*i + b0$ ijm# j ,m ,

where

! ! , , " , # , $ , K , !0 , !1 , " 0 , b0 , are material constants ! , is the mass density, u = (u1 , u2 , u3 ) is the ! * displacement vector and ! = (!1 , !2 , !3 ) is the microrotation vector, ! is the scalar microstretch
function, T and T0 are the small temperature increment and the reference temperature of the body chosen such that T T0 ! 1, !C is the concentration of the diffusion material in the elastic body

K * is the coefficient of the thermal conductivity, C * the specific heat at constant strain, D is the
thermoelastic diffusion constant. a, b are, respectively, coefficients describing the measure of thermodiffusion and of mass diffusion effects, !1 = ( 3" + 2 + K )# t 1 , ! 2 = ( 3" + 2 + K )# c1 ,
Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures 11(2014) 299 319

BASIC EQUATIONS

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R. Kumar et al. / Rayleigh waves in isotropic microstretch thermoelastic diffusion solid half space

v1 = ( 3! + 2 + K )" t 2 , v2 = ( 3! + 2 + K )" c 2 , " t 1 , " t 2 are coefficients of linear thermal expansion and ! c1 , ! c 2 are the coefficients of linear diffusion expansion.

j is the microintertia, j0 is the

microinertia of the microelements, t ij and mij are components of stress and couple stress tensors respectively, !
* i

is the microstress tensor, eij = # "

!1 $ ui , j + u j ,i & are components of infinitesimal % 2

strain, ekk is the dilatation, ! ij is the Kronecker delta, ! , ! are diffusion relaxation times with
0 1

! 1 " ! 0 " 0 and ! 0 , ! 1 are thermal relaxation times with ! 1 " ! 0 " 0 . Here ! 0 = ! 0 = ! 1 = ! 1 = " 1 = 0 for Coupled Thermoelasitc (CT) model, ! 1 = ! 1 = 0, " = 1, # 1 = ! 0 for 0 0 Lord-Shulman (L-S) model and ! = 0, " 1 = # where ! > 0 for Green-Lindsay (G-L) model.
In the above equations, a comma followed by a suffix denotes spatial derivative and a superposed dot denotes the derivative with respect to time respectively. 3 FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM We consider a homogeneous isotropic microstretch generalized thermoelastic diffusion half-space initially at uniform temperature T0 . The origin of the coordinate system ( x1 , x2 , x3 ) is taken at any point on the plane horizontal surface with x3 ! axis and pointing vertically downward to the halfspace, which is thus represented by x3 ! 0 . The surface x3 = 0 is subjected to stress free boundary. We choose the x1 axis in the direction of wave propagation in such a way that all the particles on a line parallel to the x2 axis are equally displaced. Therefore, all field quantities are independent of the x2 coordinate. For the two dimensional problem, we take

! ! u ( x1 , x3 , t ) = (u1 ,0, u3 ), ! = (0,! 2 ,0), ! * ( x1 , x3 , t ), "( x1 , x3 , t ), C ( x1 , x3 , t ),

We define the following dimensionless quantities

(9)

!c " ( x , x ) , (u , u ) = (u , u ) , # (x , x ) = " c $T
' 1 ' 3 * 1 3 ' 1 ' 3 * 1 1 3 1 1 o

' 2

tij ! c12 !c2 "* ' ' #2 , # * = 1 # * , tij = , mij = mij , $1To $1To $1To c1$1To
'

%i* =

'

%" $ 2C ' T ' ,T ' = , C' = 2 , t = " *t ,& o = " *& o ,& 0' = " *& 0 ,& 1' = " *& 1 ,& 1' = " *& 1 , 2 c1$1To To ! c1
* i *

(10)

where

"C *c12 2 ! + 2 + K * , ! is the characteristic frequency of the medium, ! = , c1 = * " K

*

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303

!
Upon introducing the quantities (10) in equations (1)-(5), with the aid of (9) and after suppressing the primes, we obtain

!2

"% "2 u "e "% * "T 1 "C + 1 # ! 2 $ 2u1 # a1 2 + a2 # & t1 # a3& c = 21 , " x1 " x3 " x1 " x1 " x1 "t

(11)

!2

"% "2 u "e "% * "T 1 "C + 1 # ! 2 $ 2u3 + a1 2 + a2 # & t1 # a3& c = 23 , " x3 " x1 " x3 " x3 " x3 "t

(12)

% #u #u ( #2" 2 a4! 2" 2 + a5 ' 1 $ 3 * $ a6" 2 = , #t 2 & # x3 # x1 )

(13)

(! "
2 1

1 # a7 $ * # a8e + a9% t1T + a10% c C=

&2$ * , &t 2

(14)

0 ! 2T = a11" e

* #e #T 0 #$ 0 #C + a12" e + " t0 + a13" c , #t #t #t #t

(15)

a14! 2 e + a21! 2" * + a15# t1! 2T + # 0 f

where

$C 1 2 % a16# c ! C =0, $t

(16)

& $ K 2K ) 2 " + ! c12 1 , *2 , *2 + ,, = ( a1, a2 ) = !c2 ( K , "0 ) , a3 = # T ,( a4 , a5 , a6 ) = j1! ( 2 ! c12 ' c1 % % * 1 0 1

( a11, a12 , a13 ) =

7 8 9 10

1 % T0 "12 "1 T0$1 # c14 a ( D! * $ "12 " 2 a ' , , a , a , a = , , b) , ( 14 15 16 ) c2 & 2 # K *! * ' "2 * # c " & # ) % ( 1 1 1
2 2- 0 D$ 2 % 2! * 2 & "1 "0 $1c12 $ 2 # c14 ) 2 c2 2 , , , , , = , c = , a = + 1 c 2 2 # j 21 j0! *2 ( # c14 ' # # %1 %1% 2T0 * 0 1

(a ,a ,a ,a ) =
! t1 = 1 + ! 1

" 1 " " " ,! c = 1 + ! 1 ,! 0 = 1 + #! 0 ,! t0 = 1 + ! 0 , f "t "t "t "t

0 !e = 1 + "! 0

#u #u # 0 # #2 #2 ,! c = 1 + $ 1 , e = 1 + 3 , % 2 = 2 + 2 #t #t # x1 # x3 # x1 # x3

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R. Kumar et al. / Rayleigh waves in isotropic microstretch thermoelastic diffusion solid half space

We introduce the potential functions ! and " through the relations

u1 =

!" !$ !" !$ # , u3 = + , ! x1 ! x3 ! x3 ! x1

(17)

in the equations (11)-(16), we obtain

1 !!, ! 2" + a2# * $ % t1T $ a3 % c C ="

(18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23)

(1 ! " ) # $ + a %
2 2 1

!! , =$

(a !
4

!!2 , " a6 # 2 " a5! 2$ = #

(! "
2 1

1 !!* , # a7 $ * # a8 " 2% + a9 & t1T + a10& c C =$

0 !, !+a $ ! + a " 0C ! * + " t0T ! 2T = " e a11! 2# 12 13 c

1 2 ! =0 a14! 4" + a21! 2# * + a15$ t1! 2T % a16$ c ! C +$0 C f

4 SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM We assume the solutions of the form

{! ," ,T , C }( x , x , t ) = {! ," ,T , C }( x ) e (
* * 1 3 3

i# x1 $ ct )

(24)

where ! is the wave number, ! = " c is the angular frequency, and c is phase velocity of the wave. Using (24) in equations (18), (21)(23), we obtain a system of four homogeneous equations in four unknowns

! ," * , T and C which for the nontrivial solution yields

D8 + A1* D 6 + B1* D 4 + C1* D 2 + D1* = 0
(25)

where D = d dx3 , and the coefficients A1 , B1 , C1 and D1 are given in appendix A.

* * * *

Let the roots of equation (25) be denoted by mp ( p = 1,2,3,4). Four positive values of c in the
2

descending order will be the velocities of propagation of four possible waves, namely longitudinal displacement wave (LD), mass diffusion wave (MD), thermal wave (T) and longitudinal miLatin American Journal of Solids and Structures 11(2014) 299 319

R. Kumar et al. / Rayleigh waves in isotropic microstretch thermoelastic diffusion solid half space

305

!
crostretch wave (LM), respectively. Since we are interested in surface waves only, it is essential that the motion is confined to the free surface of x3 = 0 in the half-space so that the characteristic roots satisfy the radiation conditions Re mp ! 0,( p = 1,2,3,4) . Thus, the solution of field equations takes the form

( )

A 1, n {! ," ,T , C } = ) $ % {
* 4 p =1 p

1p

, n2 p , n3 p e

# m p x3

& ei( ( x1#ct ) '

(26)

where Ap ( p = 1,2,3,4) are arbitrary constants. The coupling constants n1 p , n2 p , n3 p are given in appendix B. Similarly, we assume the solutions of the field equations as

{! ," }( x , x , t ) = {! ," }( x ) e (
2 1 3 2 3

i# x1 $ ct )

(27)

using (27) in equations (19) and (20), we obtain a system of two homogeneous equations in two unknowns ! and

! 2 which for the nontrivial solution yields

* 2 * D 4 + A2 D + B2 =0

(28)

where
* A2 = a4 b26 + b27 (1 ! " 2 ) + a1a5

* a4 (1 ! " 2 ), B2 = b26 b27 ! a1a5# 2

a4 (1 ! " 2 ),

2 Let the roots of equation (28) be denoted by mp ( p = 5,6). Two positive values of c in the de-

scending order will be the velocities of propagation of two coupled transverse displacement and transverse microrotational waves (CD I, CD II), respectively. Since we are interested in surface waves only, it is essential that the motion is confined to the free surface of x3 = 0 in the half-space so that the characteristic roots satisfy the radiation conditions Re mp ! 0,( p = 5,6) . Thus, the solution of field equations takes the form

( )

A 1, n } e {! ," } = ) $ % {
6 2 p =5 p 4p

# m p x3

& ei( ( x1#ct ) '

(29)

where Ap ( p = 5,6) are arbitrary constants. and n4 p = a5 m2 !"2 p

) (b

27

+ a4 m2 , for ( p = 5,6 ) p

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5 BOUNDARY CONDITIONS The appropriate boundary conditions at the surface x3 = 0 , are

t33 = 0, t31 = 0,

(30) (31) (32) (33)

m32 = 0,
* !3 = 0,

!T + h T = 0, ! x3 1

# h ! 0 corresponds to thermally insultated boundary % 1 $ h1 ! " corresponds to isothermal boundary % & # h ! 0 corresponds to impermeable boundary % 2 $ h2 ! " refers to isoconcentrated boundary % &

(34)

!C + h C = 0, ! x3 2
where

(35)

t33 =

!u3 !u !u !u 1 + b1 1 " # t1T " # c C + a2$ * , t31 = b2 1 + b3 3 " a1# 2 , ! x3 ! x1 ! x3 ! x1

m32 = b4
and

!" 2 "# !" * * "# * + b5 , !3 = b6 $ b5 2 , ! x3 ! x1 " x3 " x1 1 ! *2 " , + K , , b , b , b = ( ) ( 4 5 6 ) "c4 (# , bo ,$ 0 ) ! c12 1

( b1, b2 , b3 ) =

6 DERIVATIONS OF THE SECULAR EQUATIONS Making use of equations (26) and (29) in the equations (30)-(35), we obtain a system of six simultaneous linear equations:

!k
p =1

A = 0, 1p p

!k
p =1

A = 0, 2p p

!k
p =1

A = 0, 3p p

!k
p =1

A = 0, 4p p

!k
p =1

A = 0, 5p p

!k
p =1

6p

Ap = 0

(36)

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307

!
where

$ & k1 p = % & ' # % k2 p = $ % & " $ k4 p = # $ % " $ k6 p = # $ %

m2 ! b1" 2 + a2 n1 p + n2 p ( i" c# 1 ! 1) + n3 p i" c# 1 ! 1 , for ( p = 1,2,3,4) p i" mp ( b1 ! 1) , for ( p = 5,6), ! i" mp ( b2 + b3 ) , for ( p = 1,2,3,4) ! b2 m2 + b3" 2 + a1n4 p p

# i" b n , for ( p = 1,2,3,4) 5 1p % , k3 p = $ , ! b4 n4 p mp , for ( p = 5,6) , for ( p = 5,6) % &

n1 p mp b6 , for ( p = 1,2,3,4) i! b5n4 p , for ( p = 5,6)

(h ! m )n
2 p

" h & m n , for ( p = 1,2,3,4) $ p 2p , k5 p = # 1 , 0, for ( p = 5,6) $ % ,

3p

, for ( p = 1,2,3,4)

0, for ( p = 5,6)

The system of equations (36) has a non-trivial solution if the determinant of amplitudes AP, (p=1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) vanishes which leads to the secular equation

k11 k21 k31 k41 k51 k61

k12 k22 k32 k42 k52 k62

k13 k23 k33 k43 k53 k63

k14 k24 k34 k44 k54 k64

k15 k25 k35 k45 k55 k65

k16 k26 k36 k46 k56 k66

6! 6

=0

(37)

Equation (37) is the frequency equation for the propagation of Rayleigh waves in a microstretch thermoelastic diffusion solid. This equation has complete information about the phase velocity, wave number, and attenuation coefficient of the surface waves propagating in such a medium. If we write

c !1 = " !1 + i# !1 F

(38)

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R. Kumar et al. / Rayleigh waves in isotropic microstretch thermoelastic diffusion solid half space

! , ! and F are real. Also the roots of equations (25) and (28) " are, in general complex, and hence we assume that mp = p p + iq p , so that the exponent in the
so that, ! = K + iF , where K = plane wave solutions (26) and (29) for the half-space becomes

#F & I R iK x1 ! mp x3 ! " t ! K % x1 + mp x3 ( , $K '

where
R mp = pp ! qp

( p = 1,2,3,4,5,6)

(39)

F F I , mp = qp + pp , K K

( p = 1,2,3,4,5,6)

(40)

This shows that ! is the propagation velocity and F is the attenuation coefficient of wave. The equations (26) and (29) can be rewritten as

R I ! ," * , T , C = # Ap 1, n1 p , n2 p , n3 p exp $ Fx1 $ % p x3 exp ' i K ( x1 $ & t ) $ % p x3 ) , ( * p =1

{
p

} (
1

(41)

i K x # % t ) # $ x ) (, {! ," } = * A {1, n } exp ( # Fx # $ x ) exp & '( ( )

6 2 p =5 4p R p 3 1 I p 3
R I R I with ! p = K mp + imp = !p + i! p say , p = 1,2,3,4,5,6 . Moreover, it is clear that

(42)

( )(
2 I p

2 2 R I R !p " !p = K 2 # mp % $

, ( ) " (m ) & ( '

2

R I !p !p cos "* =

1 2 R I K mp mp 2

(43)

where ! is the angle between the real and imaginary parts of the complex vector ! p .
*

Therefore the phase plane (the phase vertical to vector ! p ) and the amplitude plane (the phase
R

vertical to vector ! p ) are not parallel to each other, and, hence, the maximum attenuation is not
I

along the direction of wave propagation, but along the direction of vector ! p .
R

7 SURFACE DISPLACEMENTS, MICROROTATION, MICROSTRETCH, TEMPERATURE CHANGE AND MASS CONCENTRATION

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309

!
The amplitudes of surface displacements, microrotation, microstretch, temperature change, and mass concentration at the surface x3 = 0 during Rayleigh wave propagation in case of stress-free boundaries of half-space are:

{u {u
where

1s

* * 3 s , ! 2 s } = ( L1 , M ) R exp $ &ik ( x1 #" t )% ',

, !s* , Ts , Cs } = ( H1* , G* , F * , I * ) Q exp $ &iK ( x1 #" t )% ',

(44)

Q = A1 exp( ! Fx1 ), R = A5 exp( ! Fx1 ), H 1 = iK ! F ( D1 ! D2 + D3 ! D4 ) D1 ,

*

G = ( n11 D1 ! n12 D2 + n13 D3 ! n14 D4 ) D1 , F = ( n21 D1 ! n22 D2 + n23 D3 ! n24 D4 ) D1 ,

* *

(45)

I = ( n31 D1 ! n32 D2 + n33 D3 ! n34 D4 ) D1 , L1 = iK ! F ( D5 ! D6 ) D5 , M = ( n45 D5 ! n46 D6 ) D5 ,

* * *

8 PATH OF SURFACE PARTICLES We shall now discuss the path of the particles at the surface x3 = 0 . On the surface x3 = 0 , we have

u1s = XQ exp {#i(! # q)}, u3s = YR exp {#i(" # q)}

(46)

* where H1 = X exp ! i" , L* = Y exp ! i# , q = K x1 ! $ t . Using the Euler representation of 1

{ }

complex numbers and simplifying, we obtain from Eq. (46) (retaining only real parts)

u1s = XQ cos(! " q ), u3s = YR cos( # " q ),

Eliminating q from Eq. (47), we get
2 u12s u3 u u s + 2 # 2 1s 3s cos(! # " ) = A2 sin 2 (! # " ), 2 X Y XY

(47)

(48)

Since

cos 2 (! " # ) 1 sin 2 (! " # ) " = " < 0, X 2Y 2 X 2Y 2 X 2Y 2

Equation (47) represents an ellipse with semimajor axis X semiminor axis Y , and eccentricity e which are given by
* *

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R. Kumar et al. / Rayleigh waves in isotropic microstretch thermoelastic diffusion solid half space

X* =

2 A2 X 2Y 2 sin 2 (! # " )
2 2 2 X +Y # $ X # Y ( ) + 4 X 2Y 2 cos2 (! # " ) % & ' ( ) 2 2 1 2

(49)

Y* =

2 A2 X 2Y 2 sin 2 (! # " ) X +Y + $ ( X #Y & (

2 2 2 2 2

+ 4 X Y cos (! # " ) % ' )

2 2 2
1 2 2 2 2

,
2

(50)

e2 =

2$ X 2 !Y2 & %
2 2

+ 4 X Y cos (" ! # ) ' ) (

X +Y + $ X2 !Y2 & %

+ 4 X Y cos (" ! # ) ' ) (

2 2 2

,
2

(51)

If !

is the inclination of the major axis to the wave normal, then

tan 2! * =

2 XY cos (" # $ ) Y2 # X2

Thus, the surface particles trace elliptical paths given by Equation (48) in the vertical planes parallel to the direction of wave propagation. The semi-axes depend upon Q = A1 exp( ! Fx1 ),

R = A5 exp( ! Fx1 ) and hence increase or decrease exponentially. The decay of elliptical paths of surface particles is clearly a function of attenuation coefficient F .
9 PARTICULAR CASES (i) Take ! > 0,
0

! = 0 and ! 1 = " 0 in equation (37), yield the expression of secular equation for

the propagation of Rayleigh wave in microstretch thermoelastic diffusion solid half-spaces with two relaxation times. (ii) Using

! 1 = ! 1 = 0," 1 = ! 0 and ! = 1 in equations (37), gives the corresponding results for the

propagation of Rayleigh wave in microstretch thermoelastic diffusion solid half-spaces with with one relaxation time. (iii) On taking

! 0 = ! 0 = ! 1 = ! 1 = " 1 = 0 in equations (37), provide the corresponding expression

of secular equation for the propagation of Rayleigh wave in microstretch thermoelastic diffusion solid half-spaces with Coupled Thermoelastic (CT) theory. (iv) In absence of thermal, stretch and diffusion effects, the equation (37) will be reduced to the micropolar elastic medium as obtained by De and Sen-Gupta [1974]. 10 NUMERICAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The analysis is conducted for a magnesium crystal-like material. Following Eringen [1984], the values of micropolar parameters are
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311

! = 9.4 " 1010 Nm -2 , = 4.0 " 1010 Nm -2 , K = 1.0 " 1010 Nm#2 , $ = 1.74 " 103 Kgm#3 , j = 0.2 " 10#19 m2 ,% = 0.779 " 10#9 N
Thermal and diffusion parameters are given by

C * = 1.04 ! 103 JKg "1 K "1 , K * = 1.7 ! 106 Jm"1s "1 K "1 ,# t1 = 2.33 ! 10"5K -1 ,# t2 = 2.48 ! 10"5K -1 , T0 = .298 ! 103 K,$ 1 = 0.01,$ 0 = 0.02,# c1 = 2.65 ! 10"4 m 3Kg -1 ,# c2 = 2.83 ! 10"4 m 3Kg -1 , a = 2.9 ! 104 m 2s "2 K -1 , b = 32 ! 105Kg -1m 5s "2 ,$ 1 = 0.04,,$ 0 = 0.03, D = 0.85 ! 10"8 Kgm"3s
and, the microstretch parameters are taken as

jo = 0.19 ! 10"19 m2 ,# o = 0.779 ! 10"9 N , bo = 0.5 ! 10"9 N , $o = 0.5 ! 1010 Nm"2 , $1 = 0.5 ! 1010 Nm"2
MATLAB software 7.04 has been used for numerical computation of the resulting quantities. The values of phase velocity and attenuation coefficient with wave number at the stress free boundary with thermally insulated and impermeable boundaries, isothermal and isoconcentrated boundaries alongwith the relaxation times are shown in fig.1 and fig.2. Normal stress, tangential stress, tangential couple stress, microstress, temperature change, and mass concentration with wave number has been determine at the surface x3 = 1 , and are shown in figs.3-8. In all figures, the words LSH10 and GLH10 symbolize the graphs of L-S and G-L theories in microstretch thermoelastic diffusion medium for the thermally insulated boundary and impermeable boundary and are represented by and respectively, while, the words LSH1N and GLH1N symbolize the graphs of L-S and G-L theories in microstretch thermoelastic diffusion medium for the isothermal boundary and isoconcentrated boundary and represented by and respectively.

Phase Velocity Fig.1 exhibits the variation of phase velocity with wave number ! . The values of phase velocity at the isothermal boundary and isoconcentrated boundary decrease monotonically for smaller values of ! , whereas for higher values of ! the values of phase velocity decrease smoothly and finally become dispersionless, nevertheless, for smaller values ! , a significant difference in the values of phase velocity for LSH10 and GLH10 are noticed due to thermally insulated and impermeable boundaries when compared with LSH1N and GLH1N related to isothermal boundary and isoconcentrated boundaries, respectively.

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2.5

PHASE VELOCITY x 10

2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0

LSH10 GLH10 LSH1N GLH1N

R MBE E NU V A W

10

15

20

25

30

Figure 1

Variation of phase velocity w.r.t wave number

Attenuation Fig.2 depicts the variation of attenuation with wave number ! . The trend of variation and behavior of attenuation for LSH10 is opposite to LSH1N and GLH10 is opposite to GLH1N for 0 ! " ! 7 , the values of attenuation for smaller values of wave number increase sharply for LSH10 and GLH10, while, decrease strictly for LSH1N and GLH1N which becomes dispersionless for higher values of ! for all the cases. Fig.3 shows the variation of normal stress component T33 with wave number ! . The behavior of T33 is oscillating for 0 ! " ! 12 and stable for 20 ! " ! 30 attaining maximum at ! = 5 for all the cases while the corresponding values are different in magnitude. The values of T33 are more in case of LSH10 and small for LSH1N, the similar behavior can be noticed for GLH10 and GLH1N respectively.

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313

!
0.4 0.2 -0.0 -0.2 -0.4
LSH10 GLH10 LSH1N GLH1N

ATTENUATION x 10

0
Figure 2

10

15

20

25

30

UMBER WAVE N

Variation of attenuation w.r.t wave number

0.3 0.2
LSH10 GLH10 LSH1N GLH1N

T33 10

-3

0.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 25 30

0
Figure 3

10

15

20

UMBER WAVE N

Variation of T33 w.r.t wave number

Fig.4 depicts the variation of tangential stress component T31 with wave number ! . The trend of variation and behavior of T31 is similar to T33 , but, the corresponding values are different in magnitude. An appreciable difference due to various boundaries is noticed for the values of T31 . Figs.5-6
* exhibits the variations of couple stress components m32 and microstress !3 with wave number. The * graph of m32 and !3 shows similar behavior, but their corresponding values are different in magni* tude. For the higher value of ! , the values of m32 and !3 are convergent, after showing a respecta-

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R. Kumar et al. / Rayleigh waves in isotropic microstretch thermoelastic diffusion solid half space

ble oscillation for smaller values of ! . Adequate difference at ! = 7 , in the values of m32 is noticed corresponding to all the cases, while a major difference can be noticed due to the different boundaries.

Figure 4

Variation of T31 w.r.t wave number

0.4 0.3
-2

0.2 0.1 0.0

m32 x 10

LSH10 GLH10 LSH1N GLH1N

-0.1 -0.2 -0.3 25 30

0
Figure 5

10

15

20

UMBER WAVE N

Variation of m32 w.r.t wave number

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315

!
0.2 0.1

x 10
3

-2

0.0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 25 30

LSH10 GLH10 LSH1N GLH1N

10

15

20

UMBER WAVE N

Figure 6

Variation of w.r.t wave number

Fig.7 depicts the variation of concentration C with wave number ! . The value of C first increase for 0 ! " ! 5 , become oscillatory for 5 < ! " 15 and finally got dispersionless for 15 < ! " 30 . Concentration attains its minimum value for LSH10, while maximum value for LSH1N, at ! = 4 . Similar trend is noticed by GLH10 and LSH1N, however, corresponding values are different in magnitude. Fig.8 exhibits the variation of temperature change T with wave number ! . The graph indicates that the values T for LSH10 and GLH10 decreases monotonically for 0 ! " ! 6 , increase smoothly for 6 < ! " 10 and becomes stable further, on the other hand, a good difference in the value of T can be noticed in cases of GLH10 when compared to GLH1N, for smaller value of wave number.

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0.2 0.1 0.0

C x 10
-3

-0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 25 30

LSH10 GLH10 LSH1N GLH1N

0
Figure 7

10

15

20

UMBER WAVE N

Variation of concentration C w.r.t wave number

0.33 0.28
T x 10
LSH10 GLH10 LSH1N GLH1N

0.23 0.18 0.13 0.08 0.03 -0.02 -0.07

10

15

20

25

30

UMBER WAVE N

Figure 8

Variation of temperature T w.r.t wave number

11 CONCLUSION The propagation of Rayleigh waves in a homogeneous isotropic microstretch thermoelastic diffusion solid half-space subjected to stress-free, tangential couple stress, microstress , thermally insulatLatin American Journal of Solids and Structures 11(2014) 299 319

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317

!
ed/isothermal, and impermeable/isoconcentrated boundary conditions has been investigated. Secular equations for surface wave propagation in the considered media are derived. Appreciable effects of relaxation times on the phase velocity, attenuation coefficient, normal stress, tangential stress, couple stress, microstress, temperature change, and mass concentration have been observed. It is observed that the trend of variation and behavior of the all derived components converges towards
* zero with the increase of wave number. It has also been noticed that the graphs of T33 , T31 , m32 , !3 ,C and T shows respectable oscillation for 0 ! " ! 15 and finally becomes dispersionless. The magnitude

of components in all the graphs, except the phase velocity are more in case of thermally insulated and impermeable boundaries when compared to isothermal and isoconcentrated boundaries, respectively.
References
De, S.N. and Sen-Gupta, P. R.,(1974). Surface waves in micropolar elastic media., Bull. Acad. Pol. Sci. Ser. Sci. Technol. 22:137-146. Dudziak W. and Kowalski S.J.,(1989).Theory of thermodiffusion for solids.,Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer. 32:20052013. Eringen A.C., (1966).Mechanics of micromorphic materials., Proceedings of the II International Congress of Applied Mechanics. H. Gortler (ed.), Springer, Berlin, 131138. Eringen A.C., (1966). Linear theory of micropolar elasticity, J. Math. Mech.15: 909923. Eringen A.C., (1968). Mechanics of micromorphic continua. Mechanics of Generalized Continua. E. Kroner (ed.), IUTAM Symposium, Freudenstadt-Stuttgart, Springer, Berlin, 1835. Eringen A.C., (1971). Micropolar elastic solids with stretch, Prof Dr Mustafa Inan Anisina, Ari Kitabevi Matbaasi, Istanbul, 118 Eringen A.C., (1984). Plane wave in nonlocal micropolar elasticity, Int. J. Eng. Sci. 22:11131121. Eringen A.C., (1990). Theory of thermo-microstretch elastic solids., Int. J. Eng. Sci. 28:12911301. Eringen A.C., (1999). Microcontinuum Field Theories I: Foundations and Solids ,Springer-Verlag, New York. Iesan D. and Pompei A., (1995).On the equilibrium theory of microstretch elastic solids. Int. J. Eng. Sci. 33:399410. Kumar R. and Kansal T., (2008). Propagation of Lamb waves in transversely isotropic thermoelastic diffusive plate., Int. J. Sol. Struc. 45:5890-5913. Kumar R. and Kansal T.,(2009).Propagation of Rayleigh waves in transversely isotropic generalized thermoelastic diffusion. J. Eng. Phy. Thermophysics. 82:1199-1210. Kumar R.and Kansal T., (2011).Fundamental solution in the theory of thermomicrostretch elastic diffusive solids, Int. Sch. Res. Net.,Article ID 764632, 15 pages. Kumar R.and Partap G., (2009). Wave propagation in microstretch thermoelastic plate bordered with layers of inviscid liquid, Multidiscipline Modeling in Mat. Str. 5:171-184. Nowacki W. (a)., (1974).Dynamical problems of thermodiffusion in solids-I, Bulletin of Polish Academy of Sciences Series, Science and Technology. 22: 55- 64. Nowacki W. (b)., (1974). Dynamical problems of thermodiffusion in solids-II, Bulletin of Polish Academy of Sciences Series, Science and Technology. 22:129- 135.

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Nowacki W. (c).,(1974). Dynamical problems of thermodiffusion in solids-III, Bulletin of Polish Academy of Sciences Series, Science and Technology 22:275- 276. Nowacki W., (1976).Dynamical problems of diffusion in solids, Eng. Fract. Mech. 8:261-266. Olesiak Z.S. and Pyryev Y.A., (1995). A coupled quasi-stationary problem of thermodiffusion for an elastic cylinder, Int. J. Eng. Sci. 33:773-780. Othman M.I.A. and Lotfy K.H., (2010). On the plane waves of generalized thermo-microstretch elastic half-space under three theories, Int. Comm. Heat Mass Transfer 37:192-200. Quintanilla R., (2002). On the spatial decay for the dynamical problem of thermo-microstretch elastic solids, Int. J. Eng. Sci. 40:109121. Richter Ch. F., (1958). Elementary Seismology. W. H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco. Sharma J. N., (2007). Generalized thermoelastic diffusive waves in heat conducting materials, J. Sound Vib. 301:979 993. Sharma J. N., Kumar S. and Sharma Y. D., (2008). Propagation of Rayleigh surface waves in microstretch thermoelastic continua under inviscid fluid loadings, J. Ther. Stress. 31:18-39. Sharma J. N., Sharma Y. D. and Sharma P. K., (2008).On the propagation of elastothermodiffusive surface waves in heat conducting materials, J. Sound Vib.315:927938. Sherief H.H., Hamza F.A. and Saleh H.A., (2004). The theory of generalized thermoelastic diffusion, Int. J.Eng. Sci. 42:591-608. Singh B., Kumari S. and Singh J., (2012). Rayleigh wave in rotating magneto-thermo-elastic half-plane, J. Ther. Appl. Mech. 42:75-92.

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319

!
Appendix A

A1* = d12 d11 , B1* = d13 d11 , C1* = d14 d11 , D1* = d15 d11
d11 = ! ( l11 + b13l18 ) , d12 = ! l12 + b11l11 ! b12 l15 + b13 " 2 l18 ! l19 ! a2 l22 , d13 = ! l13 + b11l12 + b12 " 2 l15 ! l16 + b13 " 2 l19 d14 = ! l14 + b11l13 + b12
2 16

( (" l

! l17

) ( ) + b (" l
2 13

20

( ) ! l )! a " l ! a l , ! l ) + a l ,d = b l
2 20 2 22 2 23 21 2 23 15

11 14

+ b12" 2 l17 + b13" 2 l21 + a2" 2 l24 ! a2 l24 ,

l11 = b23! 12 , l12 = ! 12 ( b19 b22 " g12 ) + b23 g14 , l13 = " b22# 2 ( b19! 12 + g11 ) " g12 g14 + b23 g13 + a2 ( g15 " b15 ) , l14 = # 2 ( b22 g11 " a2 b15 ) " g12 g13 " a2# 2 ( g15 + b15 ) , l15 = ! 12 ( a14 b19 + b17 b23 ), l16 = ! 12 ( g12 b17 " a14 b19# 2 ) " a14 g16 + g18b23 + a2 g19 , l17 = # 2 ( a14 g16 " a2 g19 ) " g12 g18 , l18 = " a14! 12 , l19 = ! 12 ( a14# 2 " b17 b22 ) " a14 g14 , l20 = # 2 ( b17 b22! 12 + a14 g14 ) " a14 g13 + b22 g18 + a2 g 20 , l21 = # 2 ( a14 g13 " b22 g18 " a2 g 20 ), l22 = a8b22 " a14 b15 , l23 = a14 (# 2 b15 " g 21 ) + b22 g 22 " a8 g 23 " b22 g 24 , l24 = # 2 ( a14 g 21 " b22 g 22 ) + g 23 g 24 ,
g11 = b15b20 ! b16 b19 , g12 = b23" 2 ! b24 , g13 = b14 b20 ! b16 b18 , g14 = b16 ! b18# 12 , g15 = b14 b19 ! b15b18 , g16 = b15b20 ! b16 b19 , g18 = a8b20 ! b16 b17 , g19 = a8b19 ! b15b17 , g 20 = a8b18 ! b14 b17 , g 21 = b14 b19 ! b15b18 , g 22 = a8b19 ! b15b17 , g 23 = ( b22" 2 ! b24 ), g 24 = a8b18 ! b14 b17 ,

b11 = ! 2 1 " c 2 , b12 = 1 " i! c# 1 , b13 = a3 1 " i! c# 1 , b14 = a9 (1 " i! c# 1 ) , b15 = a10 1 " i! c# 1 , b16
2 2

b20 = " a12 ( i! c + %# 0! 2 c 2 ), b21 = 2! 2 a14 , b22 = " a15 (1 " i! c# 1 ) , b23 = a16 1 " i! c# 1 , b24 = i! c(1 " i%# 0! c),

( ) = ! (c " $ ) " a , b
2 1 7

17

= a11 ( i! c + %# 0! 2 c 2 ), b18 = ! 2 1 " c 2# 0 " i! c, b19 = " a13 ( i! c + & 1! 2 c 2 ),

Appendix B
6 2 4 2 2 2 6 4 2 % # % n1 p = ! # $ ! l22 mp + " l22 ! l23 mp + " l23 ! l24 mp + " l24 & $ l11mp + l12 mp + l13mp + l14 & , 6 2 4 2 2 2 6 4 2 % # % n2 p = # $ ! l15mp + " l15 ! l16 mp + " l16 ! l17 mp + " l17 & $ l11mp + l12 mp + l13mp + l14 & , 8 2 6 2 4 2 2 2 6 4 2 % # % n3 p = ! # $ ! l18 mp + " l18 ! l19 mp + " l19 ! l20 mp + " l20 ! l21 mp + " l21 & $ l11mp + l12 mp + l13mp + l14 & ,

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ERRATA
The heading of the article Rayleigh waves in isotropic microstretch thermoelastic diffusion solid half space published in the issue 2, volume 11, 2014 should read: 11(2014) 299 319. The author name S.K.Gargc should read: S.K.Garg.

u = ( u1 , u2 , u3 ) ! = (!1 ,! 2 ,! 3 ) [T / T0 ] = 1 On page 301, , , should read respectively: ! ! T T0 ! 1, ! u = (u1 , u2 , u3 ) ! = (!1 , !2 , !3 ) !

r r

and

Section 10 should read: NUMERICAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION and not PATH OF SURFACE PARTICLES We are sorry for these misprints. The Editor.

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