Sherman David Cheung's (/) Personal recounting of His Lineage...

Descended from the "Ching He/Qing He"Hall Zhang Clan He!ei Province" #em$er of the %uangdong&'uhua Zhang Clan( Li )u *iang !ranch( + descendant $ranch of the )in,iang Zhang Clan -ative .illage in Liang !ui Hang Ling !ei /eng"( Li&-g %ong Li )u *iang"( Shong&Hon Shanghang"( 0n Liu +n Liu Zhen"( 'uhua&1ian -g 2ah )en"( #ei3hou #oi3hou"( %uangdong Sheng %uangdong Province"( CH4-+

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%enerational 5ecount6
Sherman David Cheung Zhang Shu&#ing/ / " +lso 7no8n as( 2otis #a7rito9onis( and Zhang HuoDi/ !" " of the 3rd generation of the Cheungs who immigrated from China, to Hong Kong and from Hong Kong to the United States Sherman ( ) is also of the 21st generation of the Cheungs 8ho settled do8n in Liang !uei Hang( Li&-g %ong -g&2ah 'uhua Count:" "Ha77a Dialect S;ea7ing .illage"... 2urther( 0f Hsiang&%ung's Lineage Sherman's %reat great great %randfather" < sons( Sherman and his !rother and his 2ather( =ncles and Cousins are of the >rd House ( # $ ) Di Sam 2ong( ?he -um$er > House/!ranch" He is also of the The >0th Generation of the Cheungs who immigrated from the North of China to the South of China during the Sung dynasty (Chased into the Mountains of Guangdong by Mongols, whose ponies couldn't climb Mountains, here the Ha!!as ("orthern Chinese) started an effecti#e campaign of Guerilla warfare, which ended the $uan%Mongol &ynasty '() years later*) The !!th Generation sin"e #hang $iu%&ing ", 'ang (oet, and Statesmen )'ang *ynasty (oet, and Statesmen+ ,rom whi"h - am des"ended from his first son the .2nd generation of the Cheungs sin"e the Honora/0e #hang &iang #i,ang )#hang &iang+ ( % ), the "o%,ounder of the Han *ynasty and the 111st sin"e the Honora/0e #hang Hui ( & )''he founder of the #hang, Chang, 'san, 'saon, Cheong, Cheung, 'song, Chong,#ong1, 'eoh2'eo, 'iong, 'iu ,ami0y, son of the first em3eror in the history of China, and the origin of a00 Cheungs

4ur 5n"estry
This article is based largely on the stories told by Mr* +ong%+wan Cheung, our belo#ed Gung Gung* He is of the ,irst Generation of the Cheungs who immigrated from the Southern part of China to Hong +ong and from Hong +ong to the ,nited States* Gung Gung is also of the Nineteenth Generation of the Cheungs who settled down in a beautiful Ha!!a #illage called -i%"g Gong in uHua ("g% ah), Gaung&ong, China, The 'wenty%eighth Generation of Cheung who .mmigrated from the "orth to the South of China during the Sung &ynasty, The Se6entieth Generation of Cheungs since the Honorable -iang T/u%0ang Cheung, the co%founder of the Han &ynasty, and the 4ne%Hundred% ,orty%Ninth Generation of the Cheungs since the Honorable Hui Cheung, the son of the first 1mperor in the history of China and the origin of all the Cheungs*

0ur 2irst +ncestor

.t is our responsibility to tell our children where we come from, and it is their choices to select the right direction to go* 2ut no matter which way they go or what they do, our Tradition will always be carried on by their #ery e3istence* 0or one day, they too will become a part of the root* The 0irst generation if the Cheungs traces all the way bac! to about ())) years ago* The head of the 0irst generation was the Honorable Hui Cheung* He was one of the 0i#e sons of the first emperor of China* The 1mperor was the first true leader of the Chinese people and a man with great #ision* 4t that time, China had plenty of usable land but it5s population was e3tremely low* The 1mperor wanted his sons to help de#elop the country* So, he ga#e each of them a different last name to proper* The Honorable Hui Cheung ((), who in#ented the 62ow%4rrow7 as a weapon of hunting and warfare, was gi#en the last name 6Cheung7 (Cantonese -anguage)89hang%Chang (Mandarin -anguage)8Chong%Tsong% 9ong' (Ha!!a -anguage)*

?he @arl: @;och

.t is not too difficult to figure out how many generations were there since the Honorable Hui Cheung* &epending on whether a particular ancestor of ours was the 0irst born or the $oungest child of his parents or ran!ed in%between, it probably too! about :) to () years (generally ;) years) for a new generation to be born* Thus o#er a period of ())) years, our roots could consist of ')) to :() generations* .ndeed, we ha#e '(' ('(:nd Generation in 4merica was born in 4pril :));, to my Cousin <am, but was =ust the female side of the family, us boys are still single, e3cept for Cousin >aymond) Generations since the Honorable Hui Cheung* Gung Gung is of the '?@th Generation whereas &r* >oland Cheung and his 2rothers and Sisters are of the '()th Generation, and &r* >aymond Cheung and His sister and cousins are of the '('st Generation* The first ':' generations of our ancestry, which spanned the 1arly 1poch and the 13pansion 1poch, resided in the "orthern part China (Henan, Hebei, Shan3i, Shaan3i, Shandong)* The remaining ;) Generations, which spanned the South%2ound 1poch and the A#erseas 1poch, resided in the southern part of China and A#erseas (,S4, Taiwan, Canada, Hong +ong)* The "ames of the heads of these generations and, in many instances, their positions and other pertinent information are written in our family tree* Some of them are members of royal families or du!es, and many of the others were top officials of their countries* Their <ositions ranged from Mayor, General, Commander in Chief, to emperor designated historian for the nation, emperor5s ad#isor, cabinet memberof a dynasty, and prime minister* The 1arly 1poch consisted of the first B@ generations of the Cheungs* 2esides the Honorable Hui Cheung, the most notable head ancestor in the 1arly 1poch was Mr* Chung Cheung()*)(/)+), also !nown as /ong&#ing Cheung* He is the (Cth Generation of the Cheungs* He was a Master Scholar in the history of China* 1#en long after his death, his artistic way was freDuently Duoted* He was decorated many centuries later by an 1mperor of the $uan%Mongol &ynasty as the 6+ing of the 4rt and -iterature7*

@9;ansion @;och
The 13pansion 1poch began with the 1ightieth Generation of the Cheungs and ended at the ':'st Generation* The head of the C)th Generation was the Honorable -iang Cheung, also !nown as 69i0ang Cheung7* He was co%founder of the Han &ynasty* He ser#ed as the chief ad#isor of the 1mperor, second only to The +ing* .n his era, he was the most influential person of his country* ith his great wisdom and #ision, he actually reshaped the history of China* 2ecause of his e3traordinary achie#ement and his contribution to Chinese culture, his offsprings honored him as the 2ather of the @9;ansion @;och of the Cheungs. Thus counting from the Honorable Hui Cheung, Gung Gung is of the '?@th Generation whereas he is of the B)th Generation since the Honorable -iang T/u%0ang Cheung* 2esides the Honorable -iang E 9i0ang Cheung ( % )/( , $ ), the most notable head ancestor in the 13pansion 1poch is Mr* Chiu%-ing Cheung, (9hang Fiu%-ing) adored by his offsprings as Ch5u%+ong Gung ( * )* He is of the ')Cth Generation since the Honorable Hui Cheung and the :@th Generation since the Honorable -iang 9i0ang Cheung, He was prime minister of the Tang &ynasty* He authored a famous philosophical boo! that greatly promoted and upgraded the way of life of the Han%Chinese people for centuries* The words taught in his boo! was publicly endorsed by the 1mperor of the Tang &ynasty and referred to by the Chinese people as the 6Ch5u%+ong ay7 (-)*

Zhang *iuling ABC+D to BDE+D"

9hang Fiuling was born in GBC4& in Hu=iang county ( ) in the present day of Shaoguan, Guangdong <ro#ince ( )* .n B;;4& he was appointed the <rime Minister by 1mperor Iuan 9ong -i -ong=i ( B';4& to B((4&), who was the grandson of 1mpress u or u 9e Tian ( G@)4& to B)?4&)* Some high%ran!ing officials wheedled 1mperor Iuan 9ong into ha#ing 9hang Fiuling dismissed as <rime Minister in B;G4&* 1mperor Iuan 9ong had 9hang Fiuling banished bac! to his hometown in Hu=iang county* 9hang Fiuling died in B?)4&* .n the Ming &ynasty F>AC+D to FADD+D", during the reign of 1mperor u 9ong 9hu Hou/hao ( '()G4& to '(:'4&), the people of Hu=iang county (Shaoguan prefecture) erected a memorial hall called JHu Fiang 0eng &u -ou 8 J in honour of 9hang

Fiuling* The couplet on the front door was written by Hai >u ( '('?4& to '(CB4&), the contemporary statesman and scholar at that time* Here is the coupletK !"#,%%%%%%&ang =in huang: shi? wu: shuang shi? $%&'()*%%%9i? gu; tian nan: di? yi ren:* An ')th "o#ember '@G(, an article called JHai >ui &ismissed 0rom Affice * + J, was published by the <eople's &aily in Shanghai, critici/ing a play written by u Han ( , ), the deputy Mayor of 2ei=ing city* The play was called JHai Fui (>ui) &ismissed 0rom Affice * + *J 0ew people too! notice about this article, but <eng 9hen ( -. ), the mayor of 2ei=ing, was annoyed by the article* <eng 9hen as!ed the Shanghai branch of the <eople's &aily who authori/ed that article to be published* 9hang ChunDiao ( /0 ) replied that the authority was gi#en by Chairman Mao 9edong ( 1234 ), who wrote that article* That was the first shot of the J>ed Guard Mo#ement and the Cultural >e#olution (56789*)J The gra#e of the Tang statesman and poet 9hang Fiuling was robbed in early '@G)* The go#ernment decided to unearth it from -uoyuandong ( : ;<) in Hu=iang county () of Guangdong pro#ince* The Ha!!a professor $ang Hao (=>) of the Guangdong ,ni#ersity was in%charge of the e3ca#ation*

+$out Zhang *iuling

9hang Fiuling (./)(*), was a #irtuous minister who was born in GBC 4*&* in The city of Hu%Fiang, Shao9hou (Shaoguan), He is the pride of the Ha!!a people* His forefather four generations ago was a nati#e of 2an:ang in He$ei ;rovince, and after he was appointed as official assistant of Shao/hou go#ernment by the royal court, his family mo#ed from the north to Shao/hou city* Hence, 9hang Fiuling is one of the Ha!!a people* "owadays, besides the descendants ) in Shi3ing, Shaoguan ( 012'345 ), another lineage ) is dated bac! to 9hang Fiuling's grandson (Son) after fourteen generations, 9 hang Huasun ( 6 7 ) Zhang 2a&Sun "&Suen"" in ShangHang"9ian"( 2u,ian ( 8 9 2 ' : ; < ). ?his Lineage 8as Guite ;rolific( 8ith his FC sons and FEC grandsons.( There are more descendants of 9hang Fiuling in the se#en counties of Mei/hou (7uhua, Iing"ing, &abu, Fiaoling, <ingyuan, Mei3ian and Mei/hou City) and e#en, Fie3i and 0engshun* 9hang Fiuling had made great contributions in history, not only assisting the Tang &ynasty emperor Iuan/ong for :? years, but also initiating the J+aiyuan's SpiritJ during the Tang dynasty* His spirit has certain influences on his descendants*

South&!ound @;och

The South%2ound 1poch began with the '::nd Generation of the Cheungs and ended at the '?Cth Generation* &uring the Sung &ynasty, our ancestors immigrated from the "orth to the South of China* This was <ioneered by Mr* 0a%Suen (9hang Huasun) Cheung, (67 ) also !nown as 0u% an Cheung (=>)and as $an(?), of the '::nd Generation since the Honorable Hui Cheung, and the ?;rd Generation since the Honorable -iang T/u%0ang Cheung* He lead the Cheungs to settle down in ShangHang (ShongHon), 0u=ian* Since then, all of our ancestors resided in the South* (Guangdong, 0u=ian, Fiang3i, Sichuan), He founded the Lineage( a rather ;rolific lineage( Zhang HuaSun had FC sons and over FEC grandsons ?he )in,iang ?ang( Zhang 2amil: Lineage( 0ur famil: is descended from his fourth son 1iHng )In @ABC"( ?hrough ?Jng&HuK @DEC Mr* HuaSun Cheung was a great <hilosopher* He was one of the well%respected 1mperor%designated Scholars in his time* He was best !nown in his effort in the promoting of the 64rt of <atience7K 62efore you lose your temper, write down the word Lpatience5 a hundred time, if you still feel the same way afterwards, then go ahead and do it*7 ( ?@A %B) 6House8Hall of .nfinite <atience7 (Sherman's "oteK . wonder what happens if . =ust cut and paste 6<atience7 a hundred times, would that wor!M) 2ecause of his contribution to education and humanity, his offsprings honored him as the 0ather of the South%2ound Generation of the Cheung* 4ccordingly, Gung Gung is of the '?@th Generation since the Honorable Hui Cheung and the B)th Generation since the Honorable -iang T/u%0ang Cheung, .s also of the :Cth South%2ound Generation of the Cheungs* 9hang HuaSun had 'C sons here they are listed in seniority*** FBGHBGIBGABGJBGKBGLBG:BGM

BGNBGOBGPBGQBGRBGSBGTBGUBGVBW J, Qng, Zhn, Xing, J, Cng, Lng, F, Z, Min,

Jng, Xng, Qng, D, Qu, Zhu, B, Dng, the Gener ti!n " n #e i$ %n B, &' #("e AB (Xing Yn)

?he Li&-g %ong 'uhua Count: " Ha77a !ranch Li&-g %ong Ha7ga Pai"

&uring the Ming &ynasty, there was a terrible turmoil at home* 4t that time, Mr* Hung%Shiu Cheung ( X Y )of the ''th South%2ound Generation of the Cheungs had =ust passed away* He was sur#i#ed by his wife, Madam -eh T/u <o (-o! T/u <o), and their only child, Mr* $i% T/ong Cheung(Z[)* Mr Hung%Shiu Cheung was the only son of his parents and thus, Mr* $i%T/ong Cheung who was then =ust a little boy, became the only remaining seed of the family* Madam -eh T/u <o fled home with her son, $i%T/ong, and settled down in -i%"g Gong, a 2eautiful scenic #illage in uHua County ("g%0ah)* 2eing a "ew comer of the Nillage, -ife was #ery tough since the ma=ority of the -ocal people was #ery unfriendly and e3clusi#e to Autsiders* -o! T/u <o, managed to sur#i#e with courage, dignity, and perse#erance* ith many years of hard wor! and sa#ings, she finally became #ery rich and was well respected by the #illagers* She then ordered the remains of her Husband, Mr* Hung%Shiu Cheung, from ShongHon and 2uried him in -i%"g Gong* She also Honored her father%in%law, Mr* Ming%0uh Cheung of the Tenth South%2ound Generation as the 0ather of the -i%"g Gong Ha!!a Generations of the Cheungs* Thus Gung Gung, who is of the :Cth South%2ound Generation, is also of the '@th -i%"g Gong Ha!!a Generation of the Cheungs ('@ resulted from subtracting @ from :C)* .t follows that &r* >oland Cheung and his 2rothers and Sisters are of the :)th -i%"g Gong Ha!!a Generation of the Cheungs and &r* >aymond Cheung and His Sister and Cousins (such as Sherman) are of the :'st -i%"g Gong Ha!!a Generation of the Cheungs* Aur 4ncestors resided in -i%"g Gong starting somewhere in the Ming &ynasty, through the Manchu%Hing &ynasty until the Chinese >epublic* 4s a footnote, it is of interest to mention that the first name 6$i%T/ong7, of the only son of Madam -eh T/u <o has a special meaning in Chinese* .t means beneficial (Z) to your ancestors([), or blessing your ancestors* .n Chinese tradition, it is of utmost importance to carry on your >AAT by nurturing your Affsprings* .n the case of $i%T/ong, this only remaining seed of his father, had proliferated into a giant tree* e should be grateful to Madam -eh T/u <o, who willingly assumed the painsta!ing responsibility as the head of the ''th South%2ound Generation of the Cheungs* She being young and e#idently, e3tremely talented and capable, could ha#e orphaned our ancestor, remarried and li#ed a comfortable life*

?he 0verseas @;och

The A#erseas 1poch began with the '?@th Generation of the Cheungs* The 0ather of the A#erseas 1poch is Mr* +ong%+wan Cheung (\]), Aur belo#ed Gung Gung* He too! his 0amily out of China to settle down in Cheung Chau, Hong +ong on September 'st, '@?@ and -ater on immigrated to the ,nited States on 4pril ;rd, '@B?* Gung Gung is8was (circa Fuly ''th '@@;, &ied on Staten island in the 4nna 1ri!a 4dult Home) li#ing with <o <o (&ied Fuly :, '@@G, died on Middle .sland, -ong island, "$) (My Grandmother, My second Grandmother, who is ,ncle 0an%2ill5s Mother, was li#ing in Hong +ong) in 4nna 1ri!a, Staten .sland, "ew $or!* The Children, Grand Children, and Great Grand Children of Gung Gung are li#ing in the ,nited States ("ew $or!, Maryland, <ennsyl#ania, California, "ew Fersey), Hong +ong, Taiwan and China*

Stories a$out our -@+5 +ncestors6

H8an&)i Cheung(^_)( F>th Li&-g %ong Ha77a %eneration Mr* Hwan%$i Cheung, 2eing respectfully referred to as Hwan%$i Gung, was the Great Grandfather of the Great Grandfather of Gung Gung* He was married to Madame +oo, and Madame Hu and had se#en sons, Chun% Cheng was the second to the youngest* Chun&Cheng Cheung(`a)' FDth Li&-g %ong Ha77a %eneration Mr* Chun%Cheng Cheung, being respectfully referred to as Chun%Cheng Gung, was the grandfather of the great grandfather of Gung Gung* He was married to Madam -iaw, and had : sons* Fin%0ue was the younger one*

#: great great great "great" %randfather... *in&2ue Cheung( F<th Li&-g /ong Ha77a %eneration
Mr Fin%0ue Cheung (bc), being respectfully referred to as Hsiang (IiOng) Gung (A*), was the father of the great grandfather of Gung Gung PMy grandfatherQ* He was married to Madam Chen and had Three sons* $i%+uang was the $oungest ( e're descended from, the ;rd JHouseJ) Hsiang Gung was not well educated because his parents could not afford to pay for his tuition* Howe#er, he was determined to study whene#er he could, and he did that throughout his life* he was e3tremely honest, Highly Moti#ated, and hard wor!ing* he started a small business selling goods to people in a nearby Ha!!a city called MeiIian (d2)* because he was so honest, he was often cheated by others during trading* He ended up ha#ing to sell the only real estate he owned a small piece of land =ust large enough for building a stand%alone rest room) left by his ancestors in order to support his family* $et, he ne#er regretted that he should always be honest* He often said, J . can sleep more peacefully after being cheated by others rather than cheating others*J Ane time, Fust before the new year day, there was a hea#y rain in the #illage that lasted for a month* 4ll the firewor!s ordered by other businessmen were moist and water damaged* 2ut Hsiang Gung, gaurding his shipment carefully all the way himself, managed to !eep his stoc! of firewor!s in good shape* His store turned out to be the only place from which people could get good firewor!s for the new year* Since then, his business grew e3ponentially, and he became one of the richest in the #illage of -i%"g Gong* There is a Heartwarming story about Iiang Gung freDuently told by his offsprings* Ane day not long after Hsiang Gung first started his small business, he wal!ed home early in the morning from MeiIian* The &istance was se#eral times longer than going from 4lbany to Troy, "ew $or!, and there were no Highways nor well pa#ed roads* Ha#ing spending se#eral days trading goods in MeiIian and barely ma!ing enough money to support his family, he decided to wal! home without spending a penny for food* ("oteK This reminded us of Gung Gung when he first settled down in Cheung Chau, a small beautiful island about C miles away from Hong +ong in order to sa#e money for his family* Guess where this spirit of lo#e came from* ) 4fter hours and hours of tra#eling, Iiang Gung became so e3hausted that he actually fainted in a remote area* 4fter he wo!e up, he found a single%bean peanut in his poc!et, and that ga#e him all the energy he needed to continue his Fourney* 4t sunset, he finally reached a small hill =ust outside his #illage* ha#ing wal!ed all day without food, he was star#ing and about to collapse* He was so Happy that finally home was only a couple miles away* He was eager to see his family, 4t the same moment that he felt relie#ed, the most terrifying thing happened* He saw a big tiger standing at a spot less than a minute running distance* .n those days, many #illagers were eaten by tigers, including the eldest daughter%in% law of our belo#ed Madam -o! T/e <o* To them the tiger was the most single scariest thing in life, with no time for a second thought, Iiang Gung opened his umbrella and rotated the stem as fast a he could ma!e it* hile hiding behind the rotating umbrella, he ran all the way home ali#e* He fell down on the floor inside his house unconscious but still yelling JT.G1>,T.G1>,T.G1>RRJ he was indeed a #ery bra#e and nice man* God Certainly was loo!ing out for him*

#: great great great %randfather... )i&/uang Cheung( FAth Li&-g %ong %eneration
Mr* $i%+uang Cheung(ef), 2eing respectfully referred to as Siao%Choo Gung(gh*), was the great grandfather of Gung Gung (My Grandfather)* He was married to Madam -ee and Madam +oo and had ( sons* 2ing Hung was the second to youngest* Siao%Choo Gung was a well educated scholar, dedicated all his life to education and asserting 6human rights' for his #illagers* 4t the time, it was an e3tremely difficult tas! to tal! about human rights since there was no well established constitutions or laws in the Hing &ynasty* Ane could easily get e3ecuted for doing that, 2ut, Siao%Choo Gung was ne#er discouraged in the course of fighting for Human >ights* He 0irmly committed himself to asserting dignity and #alues of Human 2eings, and belie#ed the only source of true happiness is helping others* He was remembered and adored by his #illagers and people from the near%by cities long after he passed away* Many heartwarming stories of Siao%Choo Gung were told by his offsprings, as recorded in Gung Gung's autobiography* Anly a typical one is Duoted here* This particular story was about the famous ei Salt Case* .n older days, salt was #ery e3pensi#e although it is such an essential item in coo!ing* &uring the Ching &ynasty, an official position called JSalt Transportation 4mbassadorJ was established to regulate and impose hea#y ta3 on the trading of salt* 4t that time, two types of salt were a#ailable to the #illagers of -i%"g Gong* These were the ei salt and and the Chaou salt, with the former type being of much higher Duality than the latter* ,nfortunately, there was no direct distribution of ei salt in -i%"g Gong* The Nillagers had to tra#el to a nearby city called An% -iu (ij)to get it* 2ut they were willing to do so because of the fine Duality of the product* 4lmost all of the #illagers had been doing this for years and they were happy* Then came a new Salt 4mbassador who wanted to ma!e a big profit by forcing local people to buy the Chaou salt* The 4mbassador actually ordered the police to periodically search e#ery household in -i%ng Gong to ma!e sure no one was using the ei salt* This ,nreasonable practice disturbed all the #illagers and created numerous headaches and turmoil* Siao%Choo Gung teamed up the local people and presented the case to the local go#ernment* 2ut they were getting nowhere as the local go#ernment was apparently sharing the profit with the Salt 4mbassador* $et, Siao%Choo Gung was determined* He secretly hunted for e#idence and, after o#ercoming many hurdles, he finally reached the 1mperor% &esignated Fudge who happened to be tra#elling in the South* The Fudge ordered a hearing to be conducted by himself, the local go#'t, and the Salt 4mbassador* Siao%Choo Gung, who represented the local people in the #icinity of -i%"g Gong, was .llegally put in =ail by the local go#'t the night before the hearing* He was badly beaten by the turn!eys and was told that if he would not admit being anti%emperor, he would be murdered*

An the day of the hearing, they put a guillotine around his nec! and had two e3ecutioners holding sharp swords stood behind him as if he were traitor* Throughout the hearing, his life was repeatedly threatened as the local go#ernment and the Salt 4mbassador were accusing him of teaming up the #illagers to A#erturn the 1mperor* 2ut Siao%Choo Gung remained calm, well poised, and asserti#e* He debated confidently and presented the case e3tremely well, with reasons and con#incing e#idence* The 1mperor%&esignated Fudge, who was initially on the Salt 4mbassador's side, was greatly impressed by the performance of Siao%Choo Gung, particularly by his scholarly tone and his speech, that turned out to be so clear and concise* Gradually inclining toward the people's side, The Fudge finally reali/ed the corruption of the local go#'t and the Affice of the Salt 4mbassador* (These local officials were later on, fired and prosecuted*) The people of -i%"g Gong and of the nearby cities were granted permission to en=oy the ei Salt* hen the ei Salt case was reported to the 1mperor of the Ching &ynasty, The 1mperor immediately awarded Siao%Choo Gung a royal plaDue, J<ractitioner of ScholarshipJ, one of the highest honors that a citi/en at that time could e#er recei#e* Siao%Choo Gung was also offered a top official position but he humbly declined* 2eing the 0ounder of the J. % Hong study centerJ in -i%"g Gong, He preferred to de#ote his life in educating the local people* "e#ertheless, he was freDuently in#ited by local and national officials as a special guest or spea!er during banDuets or other e#ents*

ShermansL " %reat %reat %randfather !ing&Hung Cheung( FBth Li&-g %ong Ha77a %eneration
Mr* 2ing%Hung Cheung (kl), also !nown as 2al%-ing Cheung (m/) and respectfully referred to, by his Affspring5s as Shiu%-u Gung (n o) was the Grandfather of Gung Gung (Sherman5s Grandfather)* He was married to Madam Hsu and Madam T/eng and had Si3 sons* Madam Hsu ga#e birth to Chin%Tong, also !nown as $eung% ai, who was the ;rd son of Shiu%-u Gung* Shiu%-u Gung was born in 'C(? near the end of the Ching &ynasty* He passed away in the inter of '@;( at the age of C:* He was a true scholar, #ery !nowledgeable, gentle, !ind, honest, diligent and Duiet* hen he was young, he was tutored by, a famous teacher* 4fter passing the "ational Scholar 13amination with top honors, he ser#ed as a teaching assistant for his 0ather, Siao%Choo Gung, at .%Hong Study Center* -ater on he assumed his father5s position as &irector of the Center* He was also the co%founder of the 6Three >i#er School7 and ser#ed as the first dean of the school* The School, nicely located near ; different ri#ers (#), i*e*, The Man%$iang Ho (pq), Mei%-in Ho (dr), and Chou Gong (s), was regarded as one of the best higher education institutes on the south at that time* Many notable scholars graduated from the school* -i!e his father, Shiu%-u Gung was #ery talented, popular, and well respected by his peers* Howe#er his personality was Duite different from his father* hile his father (i*e*, Siao%Choo Gung) was #ery Aut%spo!en, Shiu%-u Gung was #ery Duiet* .n a group meeting, he usually listened #ery carefully, sat Duietly, and seldom participated in any debate* He waited until the #ery end of the meeting before he spo!e* .n a warm and soft spo!en tone, he was able to pin%point the !ey issues in a well%organi/ed manner* 2y .ntegrating the #arious #iewpoints e3pressed by others during the course of debate, he usually came up with the best solution, .n doing so, he ga#e credit to each participant and as a result, e#eryone was happy* Thus he was often treated by his peers to be the person who should ma!e the final decision* Shiu%-u Gung was a great educator* He was not only e3tremely patient and de#oted in teaching others, but also constantly tried to teach and impro#e himself* An the first day of each "ew $ear, he would ma!e up a noteboo! by binding draft papers together* (4t the time, noteboo!s were not readily a#ailable*) He would write one page of diary e#ery day* 1ach time he wrote down what he did during the day* He would critically e#aluate his own deeds, especially the things he teaches his students, and determined what needed to be impro#ed* 4fter that, he would plan for the tas!s that he ought to do in the ne3t day* He !ept up this practice consistently throughout his life PSherman's "oteK This reminds me of the 0ran!lin &ay <lanner*, 4"& Modern day <alm <ilots and 2lac!berriesQ Madam Hsu the wife of Shiu%-u Gung and the Grandmother of Gung Gung, was only Ane year younger than her husband* She was thin and beautiful* 4lthough her personality was Duite strong, she was #ery !ind* She was e3tremely capable and effecti#e in managing her household and financial matters* The first thing she did after she got married to Shiu%-u Gung was to sell her personal Fewelry and in#esting the money in real estate* She sa#ed e#ery penny to help support and educate their eight children and managed to be Duite well off*

Shermans8 " Great Grandfather Chin%'ong Cheung, 19th &i%Ng Gong Ha::a Generation
Mr* Chin%Tong Cheung, was also !nown as $eung% ai Cheung and respectfully referred to by his offsprings as Lee&Chou %ong (Ht uv/ wx), was the father of Gung Gung (Gong Gong, Shermans5 Grandfather)* He was married to Madam -ai and Madam +oo and had four sons (\]'y]'zE'z])* Gung Gung was the eldest and was gi#en birth to by Madam -ai ie. ?he Senior $ranch of the famil:" -ee%Chou Gung was born on Fuly ''th 'CBC, ;? years before the end of the Hing &ynasty* He passed away in the summer of '@;B at the age of G) +fter eating a $ad 8atermelon"* -i!e his 0ather and his Grandfather* -ee%Chou Gung was a well poised scholar* He was open%minded and #ery creati#e* He learned Chinese literature directly from his father since he was a toddler* 4t the age of only '), He was already able to help grade homewor! problems for his father, who was then the &irector of .%Hong Study Center* 4s he got older, he ser#ed as a substitute teacher for his father* Most students he taught were more than ') years older than him* $et he was such a good spea!er that his students actually found him #ery con#incing and were happy to learn from him* 4t the age of '?, he s!ipped se#eral grades and attended the same class with one of his uncles* -ater on, he helped establish the u 2in Middle School in Mei/hou City, Mei County, Guangdong <ro#ince* Shortly after Gung Gung was born, -ee%Chou Gung, went to Fapan to study 1ngineering* He was the first member of the Cheungs who went abroad* He =oined the 6Chinese >e#olution 0orce7 in '@)( while he was an 1ngineering student in To!yo, Fapan, and had a Ane%An%Ane pri#ate

meeting with the leader of the >e#olution 0orce, &r* Sun $at%Sen ( ho was also a Ha!!a Chinese, -i!e -ee%Chou GungSGi#ing proof to the Chinese saying, 6 here#er there is a Ha!!a around, there will always be a re#olution 6 i*e*, "ational >e#olution, Communist >e#olution), who later became the founder of the Chinese >epublic '@':%'@?@, Since then, he Duietly PclandestinelyQ supported the >e#olution 0orce all his life* 4fter completing his engineering study, -ee%Chou Gung returned home from Fapan, he started to promote science and engineering, and established the first family industry* He in#ented special !inds of paper%ma!ing machines and sewing machine, and opened se#eral factories in -i%"g Gong and An%-iu* or!ing diligently and inno#ati#ely, he brought in raw Materials (Cotton and ood <ulp), <rocessing them using his machines, and then sold the products (Cloths and <apers)* hile he was doing well with his manufacturing business, a new situation arose* 2ecause of his reputation, educational bac!ground, and !nowledge about both the 1astern and estern culture, he was unanimously nominated to head the 6; >i#er School7* Times had changed and people began to reali/e the importance of western culture, international affairs, and modern thin!ing* 2eing brought up in a scholarly family and recogni/ing the importance of education in wa!ing up the young people and changing the structure of the country, he accepted the nomination with pleasure* So he ga#e up his factories and returned to an academic setting without the slightest hesitation* He made many changes in the school system and strengthened the educational Duality of the .nstitute by upgrading the curriculum* ith .ncreasing #isibility, He was elected member of the House of representati#es in Guang&ong pro#ince and began to be in#ol#e with politics* Gung Gung was already a well educated young adult at that time* Madam 0ung%Chiu -ai, the wife of -ee%Chou Gung and mother of Gung Gung, was born on Actober '), 'CC'* She was the only child of her parents* Her father was a >ich and Honest businessman while her mother was a decent lady with a #ery warm and !ind personality* -i#ing in a simple family, she was a #ery happy and belo#ed child* 4fter she was married to -ee%Chou Gung, howe#er she had to change her lifestyle drastically, as -ee%Chou Gung was li#ing with his parents and other immediate relati#es* 2efore Marriage, Madam -ai was treated li!e a princess, by her parents at home* 4fter the marriage, She had to wor! #ery hard to fit in and sur#i#e in the 2ig 0amily* .n spite of this, she was able to stand up gracefully and face the challenge* She managed her household and financial matters wisely and effecti#ely, and turned out to be an e3cellent mother as well as a belo#ed daughter%in%law of -ee%Chou Gung5s parents* An the :?th of 4pril according to the Chinese -unar Calendar, "ine years before the 1stablishment of the Chinese "ationalist >epublic (+MT), Corresponding to May :)th, '@);, she ga#e birth to Gung Gung* 4t that time she was ::*

Sherman;s )+ Grandfather Kong%Kwan Cheung, 1<th &i%Ng Gong Ha::a Generation

Mr* +ong%+wan Cheung (\] ), 4lso !nown as Chao%Tse Cheung({|)' and being respectfully referred to by his Affsprings as Gung Gung (**/\*)* He had ( Sons, >oland (}~), 0ran!lin (}), 0ran!land (}), illiam (}), and 0an%2ill (}) Gung Gung was born on May :)th, '@);, (4pril :?, '@);, according to the -unar Calendar) in the beautiful Ha!!a Nillage called -i%"g Gong, -iang 2uei Hang, in uhua ("g 0ah) County, Guang&ong <ro#ince, China* He was the eldest son of Mr* 4nd Mrs* $eung% ai Cheung* 2eing an e3tremely talented youngster, he enrolled at .%Hong Study Center at the age of (, learning Chinese -iterature &irectly from his grandfather Mr* 2al%-ing Cheung (Shiu%-u Gung) who was director of the center* .n '@'@, Gung Gung enrolled in Guang $i Middle School in MeiIian* This middle school, founded and operated by an 4merican 2aptist Church, was at the time the best Middle School in the uHua%Iinning%MeiIian%Taipu County 4rea (i*e*, F.4$."G9HA,, China) (it is interesting to note that Gung Gung5s Grandfather Mr* 2al%-ing Cheung had become a Christian at that time%The 0irst Cheung to e#er become a Christian)* hile at Guang%$i, Gung Gung had the opportunity to study Science and estern Culture* 2ecause of His superior s!ills in written communication, he was elected the editor%in% chief of the official school maga/ine, the 6Noice of Guang $i7* He Graduated from Guang $i in the summer of '@:? as the #eledictorian with a special honor award* .n fall of '@:?, Gung Gung enrolled in -ing%"an ,ni#ersity to study 6Current History7* 2ecause of e3ceptional academic achie#ement, he was the only freshman who was in#ited to stay in the dormitory for upperclassmen* 2eginning in his second semester at -ing%"an ,ni#ersity, he ser#ed as the 6Student Monthly7 Maga/ine* ,nfortunately, due to domestic turmoil and financial problems at Home, Gung Gung was ordered by his father to Duit school after he successfully completed his sophomore year at -ingnan in the summer of '@:G* .n the following two and a half years, he assumed a number of positions in Canton (Guang/hou), a large city in Guangdong <ro#ince, first as head of the 6<olitical ee!ly7 for the Canton <olitical <arty and finally as a member of the secretarial staff in the Guangdong <ro#ince <olitical HeadDuarters* Ha#ing acDuired enough money to pay for the tuition at -ing%"an ,ni#ersity, Gung Gung

returned to complete his remaining course wor! in a year and a half* He recei#ed his 2*4* &egree from -ing"an() in Fuly '@;)* .n the years after graduating from -ing%"an () ,ni#ersity, Gung Gung wor!ed at se#en political offices and finally became the head of the <olitical Training Affice in the 1ducation and Training &i#ision of Guangdong pro#ince in Canton* The &i#ision was in charge of training military officers* Gung Gung ser#ed as the head of the <olitical Training Affice until he became the Go#ernor of eng$uan County (2'3 45)(a Ha!!a County) in '@;(* 4s a Go#ernor, He made numerous changes to promote the social and economic de#elopment of his county* Howe#er, 2y '@;B, war had erupted between Fapan and China* Concerned about the safety of his family, Gung Gung resigned his position as a go#ernor and returned to his hometown, -i%"g Gong* 0rom '@;B to '@?(, Gung Gung spent most of his time in An -iu (ij), a small city near his hometown, ser#ing the local people in #arious capacities* He was the Chief of the 0eng &ou -ou (), an establishment in charge of re#ising and updating the family history of all the Cheungs in uhua and the surrounding counties*

'he ,eng *ou &ou is a0so referred to here=

(2) Zhang Jiu Ling 678AD to 740AD)
Zhang Jiu Ling was born in 678AD in Qu Jiang county ( ) in the present ay o! "uang ong #ro$ince ()% &n 7''AD he was appointe the #ri(e )inister by Li Long Ji () who was the gran son o! *(press +u or +u Ze ,ian ()% -o(e high.ran/ing o!!icia0s whee 0e Li Long Ji into ha$ing Zhang Jiu Ling is(isse as #ri(e )inister in 7'6AD% *(peror Li Long Ji ha Zhang Jiu Ling banishe bac/ to his ho(etown% Zhang Jiu Ling ie in 740AD% &n the )ing Dynasty ( 1'68AD to 1644AD) uring the reign o! Zhu 2ou Zhao () or *(peror +u Zong ()3 the peop0e o! Qu Jiang erecte a (e(oria0 ha00 ca00e 4Qu Jiang 5eng Du Lou 4 in honour o! Zhang Jiu Ling% ,he coup0et on the !ront oor was written by 2ai 6u ( 1714AD to 1787AD)3 the conte(porary states(an an scho0ar at that ti(e% 2ere is the coup0et8

!"# Dang Jin 2uang -hi +u -huang -hi $%&'()C Zi "u ,ian 9an Di :i 6en%

+$out Zhang *iuling

9hang Fiuling (./)(*), was a #irtuous minister who was born in GBC 4*&* in The city of Hu%Fiang, Shao9hou (Shaoguan), He is the pride of the Ha!!a people* His forefather four generations ago was a nati#e of 2an:ang in He$ei ;rovince, and after he was appointed as official assistant of Shao/hou go#ernment by the royal court, his family mo#ed from the north to Shao/hou city* Hence, 9hang Fiuling is one of the Ha!!a people* "owadays, besides the descendants ) in Shi3ing, Shaoguan ( 012'345 ), another lineage ) is dated bac! to 9hang Fiuling's grandson (Son) after fourteen generations, 9 hang Huasun ( 6 7 ) Zhang 2a&Sun "&Suen"" in ShangHang"9ian"( 2u,ian ( 8 9 2 ' : ; < ). ?his Lineage 8as Guite ;rolific( 8ith his FC sons and FEC grandsons.( There are more descendants of 9hang Fiuling in the se#en counties of Mei/hou (7uhua, Iing"ing, &abu, Fiaoling, <ingyuan, Mei3ian and Mei/hou City) and e#en, Fie3i and 0engshun* 9hang Fiuling had made great contributions in history, not only assisting the Tang &ynasty emperor Iuan/ong for :? years, but also initiating the J+aiyuan's SpiritJ during the Tang dynasty* His spirit has certain influences on his descendants* This occupation, which in#ol#ed a large number of families and tedious research of local literature, was #iewed by the local people as one of the most important, challenging, and respectable tas!s at that time* Simultaneously, Gung Gung practiced Chinese Medicine, curing and helping numerous patients* 2ecause of his many good deeds and his scholarly achie#ements, he gradually emerged as the leader of the local people* Aften he was the one who made the final decision for the local people on #arious matters* ith help from his family members, he also in#ested in real estate, acDuiring many lands and properties in -i%"g Gong* "eedless to say, he had established a small 6!ingdom7 in the #icinity of his hometown* Had China not fallen into the hands of the Communists, Gung Gung would ha#e been in great shape* .n '@?(, following the surrender of the Fapanese, the Communists in China became increasingly aggressi#e and acti#e* Gung Gung sensed the danger of li#ing in a rural part of the country%<ro#ince, as there was no way to learn about the current e#ents and new de#elopments elsewhere* ith Great determination, he ga#e up his comfortable position in his hometown and mo#ed to Canton%Guang/hou, where he was then employed by the Guangdong Shih $eh Company* Two years later, He managed to mo#ed his entire family out of -i%"g Gong to li#e with him in Guang/hou%Canton, which allowed for Duic! escape to Hong +ong* That turned out to be an e3tremely wise decision as the Communists too! o#er China in less than two years* An September 'st, '@?@, in the midst of the Communist ta!eo#er of China, Gung Gung fled the country with his family, lea#ing behind all the lands and properties he had owned in his hometown* Gung Gung was practically bro!e when he and his family arri#ed on Cheung Chau

(x), a small island in the "ew Territories of Hong +ong* >enting the ground floor of a small house in -ing $uen, the family was forced to
li#e off of a meagerly income that Gung Gung mustered by ma!ing matchbo3es for a local factory* 1#eryday, in order to subsidi/e their meals, his children had to go to different mar!etplaces to search for fish and #egetables that were discarded by local fishermen and farmers* -ife was indeed #ery tough at that time* 0ortunately, 0ebruary '@(', Gung Gung found a teaching position at Shiu San Middle School in Hong +ong* 4lthough his salary was #ery low, it was a turning point* Two years later, Gung Gung found a second Fob as an 1nglish Secretary for +ang "an Company* .n the meantime, he made additional income by writing a boo! on 6"ew 1conomic Theory7 for Mr* Sheu% an Chan, an .nfluential

person in Hong +ong* 4s Gung Gung began ma!ing more income, he was able to rent a house in Tai Choi $uen for his family and send all his family to school* .n '@(?, after more than a year of careful planning and intensi#e preparation, an 1lementary school was finally established in Cheung Chau by Gung Gung and his supporters* Gung Gung resigned his teaching position at Shiu San Middle School and became the first principal of the new school* ,nder the leadership of Gung Gung, this 1lementary School , now !nown as the 6Cheung Chau 0isheries Foint 4ssociation <ublic School7, soon became one of the best in Cheung Chau* (&r* 0an%2ill Cheung, <rofessor of Mechanical 1ngineering at the <ennsyl#ania State ,ni#ersity, was amongst those who graduated from this fine elementary schoolSShermans' (th ,ncle) 2y 0all of '@(?, Gung Gung was ma!ing a rather comfortable income and thus rented a house in a beautiful place on top of a hill called 6Cheung -ee Choi $uen7* He and his family remained there until mo#ing to the ,nited States in '@B?* 0rom '@(? to '@B;, Gung Gung &e#oted his time enhancing the educational Duality and well being of H.S school* 0irst he conducted #arious fund raising acti#ities to obtain enough money to put up a new building for his school* The 2uilding <ro=ect was started in '@(C and completed in '@G)* Second he successfully recruited the best elementary school teachers for his school* (Many of them are still teaching at the same school today*) Third, he introduced many inno#ati#e teaching techniDues and promoted the #arious ideas of intellectual thought* He personally ser#ed as a mentor for those students with e3ceptionally High .Hs* Gung Gung usually wor!ed ') to ': hours a day and se#en days a wee! hen he retired in 4ugust '@B;, He recei#ed a special honor from the Hong +ong 1ducation &epartment, citing him as the most outstanding elementary school principal in the history of Hong +ong* .n addition to educating the youngsters in his school, Gung Gung also tried his best to educate his own Children* He often told his colleagues that the best in#estment one can ma!e is to in#est in educating one5s !ids* Therefore, Gung Gung spent e#ery penny he had to educate his Children, and, as a result, he was #irtually bro!e by the time he retired* 4s a refugee from China with no money, he managed not only to raise up his children but also to see! the best educational opportunity for each of them* 4mong his Children, Two are Medical &octors (Ane A28G$" J>etiredJ and Ane ,rologist 6>etired7), Ane recei#ed a <H*& in <hysics (and is presently a pastor in "ew $or!5s 2roo!lyn and Manhattan Chinatowns), Ane recei#ed a <H*& in Mechanical 1ngineering, Ane >ecei#ed a M*S* in Chemistry, Ane >ecei#ed a 2*4* in -iterature, and Ane >ecei#ed a 2*S* in Ci#il 1ngineering (My ?th ,ncle, ,ncle illiam, who still li#es in Hong +ong, 6>etired7), Today many of his grandchildren are either Medical &octors, engineers, social acti#ists, and Graduated in Top ,ni#ersities* An 4pril ;, '@B?, eight months after retirement, Gung Gung mo#ed to the ,nited States to li#e in South 2end, .ndiana, with one of his Children, &r* 0ran!lin Cheung (Shermans' 0ather) Since that time, he has been writing a large number of <oems, 1ssays and Monographs* Ane of the earlier monographs that he had written was his autobiography, which was completed on his B;rd 2irthday on Fune ;, '@B(, (4pril :?, '@B(, according to the lunar Calendar)* An May Bth, '@BB, Shortly after the !idney surgery of his 0irst wife (<o <o, my Grandmother), Gung Gung mo#ed to an adult retirement home, 4nna 1ri!a, in Staten .sland, "ew $or!, where he and <o <o ha#e remained to this time* Gung Gung was bapti/ed a Christian on &ecember '@, '@B', in the Cheung Chau 2aptist Church, An Cheung Chau .sland, Hong +ong* Since mo#ing to 4nna 1ri!a in '@BB, he has ser#ed as translator during Church ser#ices until May '@@:* 1#en ha#ing gone through so much in life and now at age @', Gung Gung is still #ery strong and young at heart* He stands firm in his 0aith although his physical health has begun to wane* Gung Gung is a good e3ample of what was told in the Holy ScripturesK ;,here!ore o not 0ose heart% ,hough <utwar 0y we are wasting away3 yet inwar 0y we are renewe ay by ay% 5or our 0ight an (o(entary troub0es are achie$ing !or us an eterna0 g0ory that !ar outweighs the( a00% -o we 5i= our eyes not on what is seen3 but what is unseen% 5or what &s seen is te(porary3 what is unseen is eterna0%> 2 Corinthians !>1?%19 .n Summary, Gung Gung is a <rotestant 2aptist Christian, a Scholar, an 1ducator, and a Great 0ather and Grandfather* @'st 2irthday*%G8G8@; e wish him a wonderful

Since the time of Gung Gung Ls Grandfather Mr* 2al%-ing Cheung the first Cheung e#er to become a Christian, the Cheung family has recei#ed a special blessing from God* .t traces bac! to the early '@()5s, shortly after China was ta!en o#er by the Communists* Gung Gung and his family were li#ing in -ing $uen, Cheung Chau, when they first heard about the gospel from <astor an%-u Cheung* 4t that time, <astor an%-u was already in his early C)5s* Howe#er, he was #ery perse#erent, !ind, gentle, and patient* He #isited the family almost e#eryday to teach them the lo#e of God* .t was because of him that the family started to attend Sunday ser#ices in the Cheung Chau 2aptist Church* 1#entually, e#ery family member was bapti/ed* God deli#ered Gung Gung and his family not only from the Communists, but also from their sins* Gung Gung was #irtually bro!e when he retired in '@B;, as he spent all his sa#ings to educate his children* $et, in Christ, he has always been #ery rich because he was full of hope and lo#e* Today, all his Children and Grandchildren come to him from e#ery corner of the world because of his lo#e* The ama/ing grace of God was clearly re#ealed to the members of the Cheung 0amily during the hospitali/ation of Gung Gung from 0ebruary :; to March :? this year P'@@;Q* An a respirator in the .ntensi#e Care ,nit, Gung Gung was so wea! and .ll due to suffering 4sthma% .nduced Heart 0ailure, +idney 0ailure, and -i#er 0ailure* "o one, not e#en the doctors in the Staten .sland ,ni#ersity Hospital, thought he could completely reco#er* 4s his belo#ed Children and his Grandchild (Sherman, since . was the only one to #isit him day in day out, while his other Grandchildren went about their li#es off the island), we stood Duietly at his bedside in both 2ody and Spirit, wishing we could somehow ta!e all of his suffering for him and praying for his full reco#ery* 4t a time li!e that, there was nothing a human being could do, 2ut as a Christian* Ane can always turn to the -ord Fesus Christ and God, our Hea#enly 0ather for help* .f we stand firm in our faith, God will do for us what would otherwise not be possible* The <rompt reco#ery of Gung Gung was a witness to his ama/ing grace* hat happened to Gung Gung during his difficult Fourney in the hospital was nicely described in Holy ScriptureK "!ecause he has set his love u;on #e( therefore 4 8ill deliver himM 4 8ill set him on high( $ecause he has 7no8n #: name. He shall call u;on #e( and 4 8ill ans8er himM 4 8ill $e 8ith him in trou$leM

4 8ill deliver him and honor him. 'ith long life 4 8ill satisf: him( +nd sho8 him #: salvation." (sa0m <1>1!%1? <raise the -ord for his <romise* <raise the -ord for the wonderful lo#e he re#ealed to us* May God 2less Gung Gung and <o <o* May the Grace of the -ord Fesus Christ, Th e lo#e of God* 4nd the fellowship of the Holy Spirit be with us all*

NSherman's "oteK Gung Gung, that is, my Grandfather, fell asleep in the -ord, on Fuly ''th, '@@;, He fell asleep in his <hysical sleep, at ? am in
the morning, &ue to complications of his 4sthma, The Heat a#e we had that summer, and the failure of 4nna 1ri!a to pro#ide .ndi#idual >oom 4ir Conditioners* . miss Him, and Memory 1ternal To Him* *, 2ut <o3 on 4nna 1ri!a Home for 4dults for that 2lunder of not supplying rooms with 48C, especially in the @)'s and the era of Global warming* They are buried in Memory's Garden, ater#liet, "ew $or!*

+PP@-D4C@S6
Zhang *iuling
9hang Fiuling (traditional ChineseK ./, simplified ChineseK .) (GB;EB?)), courtesy name 9ishou (,n), nic!name 2owu () T ( *), formally Count en3ian of Shi3ing ( DEFGH ), was a prominent minister, noted poet and scholar of the Tang &ynasty, ser#ing as chancellor during the reign of 1mperor Iuan/ong* He had two sons* ( Zh)ng Zh*ng' Zh)ng +ng)

!ac7ground
9hang Fiuling was born in GB;, during the reign of 1mperor Gao/ong* His family was from Hu=iang ( ) in Shao <refecture ( IJ , roughly modern Shaoguan, Guangdong), which was at the time a relati#ely remote area of the Tang empire* His family traced its ancestry to the Fin &ynasty (:G(%?:)) chancellor 9hang Hua ( )* His great%grandfather 9hang Fun/heng ( K L ) ser#ed as the secretary general of Shao <refecture, and therefore settled there* His grandfather 9hang 9i/hou (MN) ser#ed as a county magistrate, and his father 9hang Hongyu ( OP) ser#ed as a county secretary general*U'V 9hang Fiuling was said to be intelligent in his childhood and capable in literary s!ills* .n GC(, when he was ':, he had an occasion to write a letter to ang 0angDing, then the prefect of Guang <refecture ( J , roughly modern Guang/hou, Guangdong)* ang was impressed and commented, JThis child will do great things in the future*J hen the official 9hang Shuo was e3iled to the region,U:V he met 9hang Fiuling and was impressed, and treated 9hang Fiuling with !indness* 9hang Fiuling later passed the imperial e3aminations and scored the highest on that occasion* He was made a Iiaoshu -ang ( QRS), a cler! at the imperial institute Hongwen <a#iliion ( OFT)* -ater, while -i -ong=i was crown prince under his father 1mperor >ui/ong (r* B')%B':), he summoned those in the empire !nown for their literary talent and personally e3amined them* 9hang scored the highest on this occasion as well, and was made $ou Shiyi ( UVW), a consultant at the legislati#e bureau of go#ernment (XR, 9hongshu Sheng)*U;V

During @m;eror 1uan3ong's reign

.n B':, 1mperor >ui/ong passed the throne to -i -ong=i, who too! the throne as 1mperor Iuan/ong* 0or some time, though, 1mperor Iuan/ong did not sacrifice to hea#en and earth outside of the capital Chang'an, as was customary for emperors* 9hang Fiuling submitted a petition as!ing him to carry out such sacrifices, and 1mperor Iuan/ong, following his ad#ice, did so* .n or around B';, he submitted a petition to the chancellor $ao Chong, pointing out the importance of a clean and fair ci#il ser#ice system, and $ao was impressed* 9hang became !nown for his talent in understanding people's talents* 4t that time, 1mperor Iuan/ong had him and his colleague 9hao &ong3i ( YZ[ ) decide the postings for the people selected for official ser#ice by the ministry of ci#il ser#ice affairs, and he and 9hao were considered fair and capable in finding the right posts for people* .n B::, he became Si3un $uanwailang ( \]^_S ), a low le#el official at the ministry of ci#il ser#ice affairs* 4t that time, 9hang Shuo was a chancellor as 9hongshu -ing ( XR`, the head of the legislati#e bureau), and he considered 9hang Fiuling, as they had the same family name, li!e a brother, often stating, JHe will surely be the most distinguished poet*J 9hang Fiuling was also happy that 9hang Shuo appreciated his talent, and therefore became a follower of 9hang Shuo's* .n B:;, he was made a 9hongshu Sheren (XRa)), a mid%le#el official at the legislati#e bureau, ser#ing under 9hang Shuo* .n B:(, when 1mperor Iuan/ong, at 9hang Shuo's suggestion, sacrificed to hea#en and earth at Mount Tai* 4fter the ceremony, many of the officials that 9hang Shuo fa#ored were to be promoted to high positions* 9hang Shuo had 9hang Fiuling draft the edict for the promotions, and 9hang Fiuling, !nowing that such promotions will draw resentment from others, tried to dissuade 9hang Shuo, but 9hang Shuo insisted, causing much resentment against 9hang Shuo* .n particular, 9hang Fiuling warned 9hang Shuo about the minister $uwen >ong, whom 9hang Shuo did not respect but whom 1mperor Iuan/ong fa#ored for his talent in gathering money for the imperial treasury* 9hang Shuo did not belie#e $uwen >ong could do him harm, but in B:G was remo#ed after accusations by $uwen* .n the aftermaths, 9hang Fiuling was made the deputy minister of worship (bcde, Taichang ShaoDing) %% an honored post without much actual authority %% and soon was made the prefect of Fi <refecture (fJ, roughly modern Hengshui, Hebei)* 9hang, because his mother was then old and at home in Shao <refecture, reDuested to be posted to a prefecture south of the $angt/e >i#er, so that he could better communicate with her* 1mperor Iuan/ong issued an edict praising him for his filial piety, and made him the commandant at Hong <refecture ( gJ , roughly modern "anchang, Fiang3i)* 9hang was later made the commandant at Gui <refecture ( hJ , roughly modern Guilin, Guang3i) and the e3aminer of -ingnan() Circuit* 1mperor Iuan/ong further made his brothers 9hang Fiu/hang ( i) and 9hang Fiugao ( j) prefects in the region as well, so that the brothers could all #isit their mother on holidays* Meanwhile, 9hang Shuo was no longer chancellor, but was still the head of the imperial institute Fi3ian .nstitute ( k l m )* He often recommended 9hang Fiuling for his talent* 4fter 9hang Shuo died near the new year B;', 1mperor Iuan/ong remembered 9hang Shuo's recommendations and recalled 9hang Fiuling to ser#e as Mishu Shao=ian ( nRdo ), the deputy head of the archi#al bureau ( nR , Mishu Sheng), as well as a scholar at Fi3ian .nstitute, acting as its head* 4t that time, it happened that an edict needed to be issued to the #assal !ingdom 2alhae, but no one could write one well* 1mperor Iuan/ong had 9hang draft one, and it was written Duic!ly* Soon thereafter, 9hang was made the deputy minister of public wor!s ( p q r S , Gongbu Shilang) but was put in charge of drafting edicts* He was then made 9hongshu Shilang (XRrS), the deputy head of the legislati#e bureau* .n B;:, his mother died, and he returned to Shao <refecture to obser#e a period of mourning for her*

4round the new year B;;, 1mperor Iuan/ong remo#ed then%chancellors Iiao Song and Han Iiu from their chancellor positions, and named <ei $aoDing and 9hang to replace them %% ordering 9hang to end his period of mourning, which was to last for three years, early, ma!ing him 9hongshu Shilang but with the chancellor de facto designation of Tong 9hongshu Men3ia <ing/hanshi ( s X R t u v i w )* 4fter 9hang subseDuently arri#ed at the eastern capital -uoyang, where 1mperor Iuan/ong was at the time, he reDuested that he be allows to return to mourning* 1mperor Iuan/ong re=ected the reDuest* -ater in B;;, 9hang proposed that pri#ate citi/ens be allowed to mint money* ith opposition from <ei and -iu 9hi, howe#er, 1mperor Iuan/ong re=ected the proposal* -ater that year, 9hang was made 9hongshu -ing and continued to ser#e as chancellor* Ather pro=ects that 9hang proposed included reestablishing the offices of e3aminers of the ') circuits and also rice farming in the prefectures =ust south of the $ellow >i#er, which ended in failure* 9hang was further said to be impatient and easily angered, damaging his reputation* Howe#er, 9hang was also said to be honest and always see!ing to correct the emperor's beha#ior, e#en if it offended the emperor* 0or e3ample, in B;(, after the general 9hang Shougui (xy) scored a ma=or #ictory o#er the +hitan, 1mperor Iuan/ong wanted to reward 9hang Shougui by ma!ing him a chancellor, but 9hang Fiuling pointed out that it was inappropriate to use the chancellorship as a reward, e#en with =ust the honorable title and no actual authority (as 1mperor Iuan/ong considered as well) and that gi#ing 9hang Shougui the chancellorship for defeating the +hitan meant that there would be no other a#ailable awards if he were to defeat the Ii and the 1astern Tu=ue as well* 1mperor Iuan/ong agreed and did not gi#e 9hang Shougui the chancellorship* 4lso in B;(, 9hang Fiuling was gi#en the honorific title Fin/i Guanglu &aifu ( z{|}~) and created the Count of Shi3ing* 9hang was also !nown for his firm friendships with the officials $an Ting/hi ( ), $uan >en=ing ( ), -iang ShengDing (e), and -u $i (), despite his later ta!ing higher positions than they did, drawing much praise for his commitment to friends* .n B;G, after 9hang Shougui suffered a loss because his subordinate 4n -ushan* 4 Tur!, failed to follow orders, 9hang Shougui, not wanting to !ill 4n but not wanting to release him for fear of losing authority, sent 4n to Chang'an, as!ing the emperor to decide the punishment* 9hang Fiuling submitted the suggestion to ha#e 4n e3ecuted, statingK Tian >ang=u U(a famous general of Hi)V e3ecuted 9huang Fia U( , the fa#orite official of the Hi ruler &u!e Fing of Hi at that time)V, and Sun u e3ecuted the !ing's concubine, both for failing to follow military orders* .f 9hang Shougui is to ha#e good military discipline, 4n -ushan must be e3ecuted* He also argued that he belie#ed that 4n had the temperament to commit treason and would surely do so in the future, but 1mperor Iuan/ong did not agree* 1mperor Iuan/ong was impressed by 4n's military talent and ordered that he be reduced to commoner ran! and be allowed to stay in the army* September '?, B;G,U?V was 1mperor Iuan/ong's birthday, and the princes and the du!es all offered =eweled mirrors as gifts* 9hang Fiuling, belie#ing that the best way to reflect on oneself was to loo! at others, wrote a fi#e%#olume wor!, calling it the Golden Mirror >ecords for a Thousand $ears ( z %% Ja thousand yearsJ being an obliDue reference to wishing the 1mperor a long life, on his birthday), discussing historical e3amples of rulership, and offered it to 1mperor Iuan/ong as his gift* 1mperor Iuan/ong issued an edict than!ing and praising him* U(V 2y B;G, howe#er, fellow chancellor -i -infu was beginning to gain fa#or at the e3pense of <ei and 9hang, who were friendly with each other* 4t that time, there were se#eral incidents for which the blunt 9hang had offended either 1mperor Iuan/ong %% who was described to ha#e begun to tire of go#ernance and started see!ing lu3uries in earnest %% or -i -infu, who was described to be ingratiating (currying) the emperor's fa#orK W .n fall B;G, when 1mperor Iuan/ong was at -uoyang, he had set to return to Chang'an on March B, B;B*UGV Howe#er, at that time, an incident occurred where there were strange apparitions appearing in the -uoyang <alace, and 1mperor Iuan/ong did not want to stay at -uoyang* An or right before "o#ember @, B;G,UBV he summoned the chancellors to as! them whether he could depart for Chang'an immediately* <ei and 9hang, pointing out the fact that it was har#est season and that the imperial train would interfere with har#est, reDuested a one%month delay* 4fter <ei and 9hang e3ited, howe#er, -i -infu remained personally and stated his agreement with the departure, arguing that the farmers could be compensated by relie#ing their ta3es* 1mperor Iuan/ong was pleased and immediately departed for Chang'an* W 1mperor Iuan/ong was, then, impressed with "iu Iian!e, the military go#ernor (=iedushi) of Shuofang Circuit ( , headDuartered in modern $inchuan, "ing3ia), wanted to ma!e him the minister of defense* 9hang, who pointed out that "iu was not well%learned and had started from the ran!s of low%le#el administrators %% contrary to the Tang tradition of going through the imperial e3aminations %% opposed, and then further opposed the creation of a title* 1#entually, despite 9hang's opposition, 1mperor Iuan/ong, with concurrence from -i -.nfu, created "iu the &u!e of -ong3i* W -i -.nfu was associating with 1mperor Iuan/ong's fa#orite concubine Consort u and trying to ha#e 1mperor Iuan/ong ma!e her son -i Mao () the <rince of Shou crown prince to replace 1mperor Iuan/ong's then%crown prince -i $ing, who had long lost 1mperor Iuan/ong's fa#or* ith 9hang strenuously opposing such a mo#e, -i $ing remained in his position* W The deputy minister Iiao Fiong ( ), whom -i -infu recommended, was demoted on the suggestion of 9hang and 9hang's friend $an Ting/hi, who further offended -i -infu by refusing to meet with him* Soon thereafter, there was an incident where ang $unyan ( ), the husband of $an's e3%wife, was accused of corruption* $an tried to intercede on ang's behalf, and this was disco#ered* -i -infu thus made accusations to 1mperor Iuan/ong that 9hang and <ei were engaging in factionalism* 4round the new year B;B, 1mperor Iuan/ong remo#ed <ei and 9hang from their chancellor posts, ma!ing them Cheng3iang ( ) %% the heads of the e3ecuti#e bureau ( R , Shangshu Sheng) instead* "iu was made chancellor to replace them, ser#ing with -i -infu* This was often #iewed by traditional historians as the turning point of 1mperor Iuan/ong's reign, which up to that point was considered a golden age in Chinese history, toward a path of degeneration* The Song &ynasty historian Sima Guang, in his 9i/hi Tong=ian, for e3ample, commentedKU(V

Af the chancellors that the 1mperor commissioned after he too! the throne, $ao Chong emphasi/ed fle3ibility, Song Fing emphasi/ed the rule of law, 9hang Fia/hen emphasi/ed administrati#e abilities, 9hang Shuo emphasi/ed literary talent, -i $uanhong and &u Iian emphasi/ed frugality, and Han Iiu and 9hang Fiuling emphasi/ed honesty* 4ll of them had their different talents* 4fter 9hang Fiuling was demoted, howe#er, the officials were all concerned about !eeping their positions, and honest words no longer had a place in go#ernment* .n B;B, the imperial censor 9hou 9iliang ( M ) submitted an indictment against "iu, arguing that "iu should not be chancellor because he lac!ed talent to be chancellor, and further citing prophecies that appeared to indicate that someone named "iu would usurp the throne* 1mperor Iuan/ong was incensed, and had 9hou caned and e3iled %% and 9hou died shortly after departing Chang'an* -i -infu then submitted an accusation against 9hang, pointing out that 9hang had recommended 9hou* 9hang was therefore demoted to be the secretary general at Fing <refecture ( J , roughly modern Fing/hou, Hubei)* Howe#er, e#en after 9hang's demotion, 1mperor Iuan/ong still remembered his honesty, and when officials were recommended, he would often ma!e the inDuiry, JHow does their honesty compare to 9hang FiulingMJ 9hang Fiuling died in B?), while on a #acation in Shao <refecture to #isit his parents' tomb, and was gi#en posthumous honors* 4fter 4n, then a powerful military go#ernor (=iedushi), rebelled against 1mperor Iuan/ong's rule in B((, 1mperor Iuan/ong was, in B(G, forced to flee to Fiannan Circuit ( & , roughly modern Sichuan and ChongDing) and pass the throne to his son 1mperor Su/ong* >emembering 9hang's warnings about 4n, issued an edict further posthumously honoring 9hang and sent messengers to Shao <refecture to offer sacrifices to 9hang*

-otes and references

Zhang *iuling
F. X "ew 2oo! of Tang, #ol* B:*U'VU:V O. X 9hang Shuo was e3iled in B); and recalled in B)(, so this must ha#e occurred during that period* See 2oo! of Tang, #ol* @B and "ew 2oo!

of Tang, #ol* ':(* >. X That 9hang was a consultant at the legislati#e bureau was per his biography in the 2oo! of Tang* H.s biography in the "ew 2oo! of Tang indicated that he was a 9uo Shiyi ( VW ) %% a consultant at the e3amination bureau ( tu , Men3ia Sheng)* Compare 2oo! of Tang, #ol* @@ with "ew 2oo! of Tang, #ol* ':G* D. X X <. X a b 9i/hi Tong=ian, #ol* :'?* A. X X
B. X

W 2oo! of Tang, #ol* @@* W "ew 2oo! of Tang, #ol* ':G* W 9i/hi Tong=ian, #ols* :'), :':, :';, :'?*

CH0-% / ?S0-% /ZH+-% / CH@=-%/ ?@0H / ?4=

(/ or ZHANG in Hanyu Pinyin) S=5-+#@ P OD
Zhang means6 F. magnificationM O. to esta$lish. and stretch, e3tend, e3pandY sheet
<eople with this surname usually introduce themsel#es as Gong Chang % 9H4"G ( % ) or Long !o8 Zhang* 4ctually it should be %ong Zhang & Zhang ( / ) or su3erior offi"er in "harge of /ows

4f :our surname is

?he surname Zhang is more than >(EEE :ears old.

The surname 9hang originated in an area referred to during the Han &ynasty ( { :)G2C to ::)4&) as the Qinghe ;refecture ". The present day location of Hinghe prefecture is the Hinghe county ( 2 , ''(*? degree 1ast and ;C*; degree "orth on the world map) of He$ei ;rovince <"* The weapons used in wars during ancient times were nothing more than stones that were thrown at an opponent* Iuanyuan ( ), who e#entually became to be !nown as Huang &i ( R ) or the $ellow 1mperor, the legendary leader of the united clans before the formation !ingdoms, was the first person to de#elop spears made of wood* Iuan $uan had twenty fi#e sons* Hui ( ( ), ( Zh?ng 2u@( ( ) is the 7th son o! 2uang Di through his 'r wi!e ,Ang :B ( )* his fifth son, in#ented a weapon by tying a #ine to the two ends of a bamboo stic!* Hui called it Gong ( ) or bow* Hui also in#ented the arrows made of bamboo strips and he used the bow and arrows to shoot and !ill animals* .t was also belie#ed that he was the first man in China to use bows and arrows in battle* 4ccording to Chinese historical records, in about :B))2C Iuan $uan, then the leader of the Iia Clan ( ), with the assistance of the Fiang Clan () and $i Clan () fought a decisi#e battle against their mutual enemy, the -i Clan ( )* The battle too! place at 9huolu ( in present day Fie county 2 in Shan3i pro#ince <)* The -i clan's armaments consisted of stones, which were thrown at their opponents, while Iuan $uan's troops were using wooden spears and bows and arrows* ith better weapons the troops of the clans of Iia, Fiang and $i defeated the forces of the -i Clan e#en though the -i's were stronger and more numerous (footnoteK it is unclear whether Iuan $uan shared this new technology with the rest of the Iia%Fiang%$i alliance)* Iuan $uan was e#entually installed as the -eader of all the federated tribes* He was gi#en a title called $ellow 1mperor ( R ) named after the yellow earth* He appointed Hui as the Gong ( ) 9hang ( ) which means Jsuperior officer%in%charge of producing bowsJ* Hui adopted his official title Gong%9hang (%) as his surname* Generations later his descendants combined the two characters of Gong and 9hang into one as their surname which ultimately became and pronounced as 9H4"G ()* The couplet for surname 9hang is, ,%%%-iang; ming: men: di?, *%%%2ai; ren: =ia sheng 2y using the two radicals of Gong and Chang this poem was composed* ,%%%Gong li? Dian =un dong feng =ing?, >*%%%Chang: !ong? wan? li; bei; dou; ming:* The strength of the bow is #ery strong li!e the 1asterly wind,The arrow flies in the #ast s!y to the bright distance star of 2eidou*

2amous ;ersons ;roduced $: the Zhang clan.

F" Zhang Liang %"
9hang -iang (%) was from <eng Cheng (- present day <ei county 2 about (( southeast of Iu 9hou city 5 in Fiangsu pro#ince <* There is a 9hang -iang temple in the city of Iu 9hou) and his original surname was Fi ()* .n order to a#oid from being arrested by the Hin 4uthority ( {) he changed his surname to 9hang ( )* 9hang -iang's grandfather

was called +ai &i ( ) who was an official and had ser#ed in the administrations of Han 9hao Hou ( who ruled the State of Han from ;(C2C to;;;2C), Han Iuan Hui ang ( who ruled Han from ;;:2C to ;:;2C, then in ;:;2C he called himself +ing until he died in ;':2C) and Han Iiang 4i ang ( who ruled Han ;;'2C to :@G2C)* 9hang -iang's father was called <ing ( ) who was also an official and had ser#ed in the administrations of Han -i ang ( who ruled Han from :@(2C to :B;2C) and Han &ao Hui ang ( who ruled Han from :B:2C to :;@2C)* 9hang <ing died during the :;rd year reign (:()2C) of Han &ao Hui ang* 9hang -iang's grandfather and father had ser#ed fi#e rulers in the State of Han* .n :;)2C, when Han 4n ang ( i ) was the ruler, the State of Han was sub=ugated by the State of Hin ( )* Han 4n ang was captured by the Hin general "ei Shi Sheng ( )* The State of Han was absorbed into the State of Hin as the prefecture of $ing Chuan ()* .n ::'2C, $ing 9heng ( ), the ruler of the State of Hin, conDuered all the states in the land and unified the land into a big empire called the Hin &ynasty ({)* $ing 9heng proclaimed himself Hin Shi Huang &i ( 0R) or the 0irst 1mperor of Hin* 9hang -iang was young and he hated the Hin 0irst 1mperor so much that he wanted to assassinate him in a#enging on ha#ing absorbed the state of Han* 9hang -iang tra#elled from place to place in search of someone who could help him to !ill the Hin 0irst 1mperor* Ane day, in :'C2C, 9hang -iang went to a pub for a drin!* He saw a few middle aged men sitting at a table drin!ing wine and tal!ing about the past* Ane of them called 9hao San ( # ) tal!ed nostalgically about the golden era of the past* hen 9hao San was approached to tal! about the present day he would not say a word because he was afraid that there might be an informer for the Hin 4uthority lur!ing around* 9hang -iang shouted loudly at 9hao San and saidK

"4f :ou are afraid to tal7 a$out the ;resent( then let me tal7 and :ou listen."
9hang -iang criticised the Hin 4uthority* <eople suffered greatly under the rule of the Hin 0irst 1mperor who burned all the #aluable boo!s* The Hin 0irst 1mperor either e3ecuted those who disagreed with his administration or bury them ali#e* 0our hundred scholars, who were against his go#ernment, were buried ali#e* The Hin 0irst 1mperor wasted a lot of resources in building many big palaces and constructing a long wall in the north* 4fter hearing what 9hang -iang was saying, the listeners were afraid* Ane by one, the crowd left the pub and within a short time 9hang -iang was tal!ing to no one but himeslf* Suddenly, a young man came out from the bac! of the pub and paid respect to 9hang -iang* This young man introduced himself that his surname was -i ( ) and people called him -i Cang Hai ( ) and he li#ed near the seacoast* He told 9hang -iang that wanted to !ill the wic!ed Hin 0irst 1mperor* 9hang -iang was #ery happy because he had finally found someone who could assist him to eliminate the Hin 0irst 1mperor* 9hang -iang in#ited -i Cang Hai to his house to discuss how to !ill the Hin 0irst 1mperor* Se#eral days later, there were people in town tal!ing about the Hin 0irst 1mperor's tour that was about to pass through the county of $ang u county ( 2 in present day Henan pro#ince < )* 9hang -iang and -i Cang Hai went to a place called 2o -ang Sha ( ) where the Hin 0irst 1mperor and his entourage had to pass through* They were awaiting for the 0irst 1mperor's party to arri#e* 2o -ang Sha was about three lis from the town where 9hang -iang li#ed* They were at the top of a little hill o#erloo!ing the main road where the Hin 0irst 1mperor's entourage had to pass through* Se#eral hours later, they saw the party approaching* 9hang -iang and -i Cang Hai found a big roc!* They pushed the bog roc! down the hill aiming at the royally decorated large carriage which they presumed to be the Hin 0irst 1mperor's carriage* The impact of the big roc! and the carriage produced a thundering sound* The carriage was smashed into pieces, but there was no one inside it* The Hin 0irst 1mperor emerged from one of the supplementary carriages* .n order to a#oid assassination the Hin 0irst 1mperor seldom tra#elled in the main royally decorated carriage* Seeing that the Hin 0irst 1mperor was not hurt -i Cang Hai rushed down from the hill with a sword* He wanted to !ill the Hin 0irst 1mperor, but he was succumbed and captured by the royal guards* -i Cang Hai was later e3ecuted* 4s his mission had failed 9hang -iang fled to Iia <ei county ( 2 in present day Fiangsu pro#ince < ) and went to li#e with his friend called Iiang 2o ( ) who was the offspring of the famous General Iiang $an ( ) of the former State of $an ( ) which was sub=ugated by the Hin 0irst 1mperor in :::2C* 9hang changed his surname from Fi () to 9hang ()* Ane day, 9hang -iang went for a stroll and ambled to cross a bridge* He saw an old man wearing yellow on the bridge* hen the old man saw 9hang -iang wal!ing near him he dropped one of his shoes to the shallow dirty ri#er under the bridge* He as!ed 9hang -iangK J,$oung man, pic! up my shoe for meRJ 9hang -iang was much annoyed and stared at the old man and thought of going to scold him* Seeing him so old 9hang -iang felt pity on him and tolerated him* 9hang -iang went down the bridge to the ri#er and pic!ed up the shoe for the him* Stretching out his foot the old man ordered 9hang -iangK J<ut on the shoe for meRJ 9hang -iang could not belie#e himself that if he had heard the old man correctly* 4nyway, as the man was so old that 9hang -iang endured once more and !need down to put on the shoe for him* The old man did not than! him, but at the same time ignored him* So 9hang -iang wal!ed away* The old man purposely dropped his shoe again and as!ed 9hang -iang to pic! it up for him* 1ndurance must ha#e a limit* This

time 9hang -iang did not get angry but obediently pic!ed up the shoe and put it on for him* 4fter this the old man laughed and saidK J, This child can be taughtJ The old man told 9hang -iang to meet him at this bridge in the morning in fi#e days time* The old man wal!ed away, laughingly* 0i#e days had passed and in the morning 9hang -iang went to the bridge to meet the old man* hen he arri#ed at the bridge the old man was already there* The old man was #ery annoyed with 9hang -iang for being late* .gnoring 9hang -iang the old man went away and told 9hang -iang to come bac! in the morning in fi#e days time* So after fi#e days, early in the morning 9hang -iang went to the bridge and he saw the old man was already there* The old man scolded him for being la/y and said the same thing to him and told him to come bac! in morning in fi#e days time* 9hang -iang could not understand what the old man was trying to do* Howe#er, he had the patience and so he waited patiently for another fi#e days* An the e#e of the third appointment 9hang -iang could not sleep as he was thin!ing of the old man* 4fter midnight he wal!ed to the bridge and he did not see the old man there* So he sat there waiting for the old man* 4fter some time he saw the old man wal!ed slowly towards the bridge* An seeing 9hang -iang the old man seemed to be #ery happy* 0rom his poc!et the old man produced a #ery old boo! and ga#e it to 9hang -iang* He told 9hang -iangK J* 1* #,, -*J JStudy this boo! carefully and soon you will help some one to become an 1mperor and you will become his teacher* Ten years from now, you will be well established* Thirteen years after that, go to the east side of the mountain of Gu Cheng ( - present day Gu Cheng mountain in the northeast of &ong 4 Iian 2 in Shandong pro#ince <) where, in an open space a ruler of a state was buried* and you will meet me*J 9hang -iang found out that the boo! entitled * (Tai Gong 2ing 0a)* The boo! was about the military instructions that Fiang 9i $a ( , ), who was the commander%in%chief of the armed forces of the 9hou people ( s ), used in helping 9hou +ing u ( s ) to destroy the Shang &ynasty ({ 'BC;2C to ''::2C)* and establish the 9hou &ynasty (s{ '';?2C to :(G2C)* 9hang -iang studied the boo! and learned well the instructions in the boo!* He became a military strategist* Ten years later, in :)@2C, Chen Sheng ( ) staged an uprising against the Hin 4utority* Chen Sheng called himself the +ing of Chu ( )* .n response to Chen Sheng, 9hang -iang organi/ed an armed band of more than ')) men* He met -iu 2ang ( ) and agreed to merge his band with -iu 2ang's group of a few thousand armed men* -iu 2ang appointed 9hang -iang a general* -ater, -iu 2ang =oined up with Iiang $u ( )* Together they destroyed the Hin &ynasty in :)G2C* 4fter the destruction of Hin &ynasty, there was antagonism between -iu 2ang and Iiang $u* .n order to pacify the situation in the country -iu 2ang went to Hong Men ( X) in the east of present day county of -in Tong t2 in Shaan3i pro#ince ( < ) to meet Iiang $u* 4fter the conference there was a feast held in honour of -iu 2ang* 4t the dinner Iiang 9huang ( ), an officer, with the pretence of sword dancing, tried to !ill -iu 2ang* 9hang -iang, !nowing that -iu 2ang was in danger, ga#e eye signal to his friend Iiang 2o ( ) to safe -iu 2ang* Iiang 2o too! out his sword and danced together with Iiang 9huang, with the intention of protecting -iu 2ang* 1#entually, -iu 2ang was unharm and returned with his entourage to his home base in Han 9hong ( present day Iin 9heng county 2 in Shaan3i pro#ince)*Z Shortly after the meeting in Hong Men, a ci#il war bro!e out between -iu 2ang and Iiang $u* The ci#il war lasted for fi#e years* 4t the ending of the ci#il war, in :):2C, Iiang $u was besieged by -iu 2ang's army at Gai Iia ( present day -ing 2i 2 county in 4nhui pro#ince), 9hang -iang taught -iu 2ang's troops how to sing the fol! songs of Chu to demorali/e Iiang $u* 0inally, Iiang $u committed suicide and the ci#il war was o#er* -iu 2ang established the Han &ynasty ({) and became the first emperor of Han &ynasty* -iu 2ang bestowed upon 9hang -iang the title of -iu Hou ( ) or the MarDuis of -iu (the MarDuis of Iu 9hou )* 9hang -iang went touring the country* Thirteen years later, one day, 9hang -iang went with -iu 2ang, the 1mperor, for an inspection tour of Fi 2ei ( ) and arri#ed at Gu Cheng ( - )* hile he was tra#elling near a mountain in the east of Gu Cheng, 9hang -iang came across a big yellow stone* Suddenly, 9hang -iang remembered the old man dressed in yellow who ga#e him the * military boo!* Ta!ing possession of the yellow stone 9hang -iang erected a temple to commomerate the old man* He placed the yellow stone inside the temple and worshiped it* 9hang -iang named the temple JHuang Shi Gong (*) or the temple of the &u!e of the $ellow Stone*J hen 9hang -iang died of old age, he was buried ne3t to the Huang Shi Gong temple* SourceK 0rom chapter (( in the boo! titled J (Shi Fi)J by (SiMa Hian '?(2C to CG2C)

O" Zhang *iuling ABC+D to BDE+D"

9hang Fiuling was born in GBC4& in Hu=iang county () in the present day of Guangdong <ro#ince ()* .n B;;4& he was appointed the <rime Minister by 1mperor Iuan 9ong -i -ong=i ( B';4& to B((4&), who was the grandson of 1mpress u or u 9e Tian ( G@)4& to B)?4&)* Some high%ran!ing officials wheedled 1mperor Iuan 9ong into ha#ing 9hang Fiuling dismissed as <rime Minister in

B;G4&* 1mperor Iuan 9ong had 9hang Fiuling banished bac! to his hometown in Hu=iang county* 9hang Fiuling died in B?)4&* while on a #acation in Shao <refecture to #isit his parents' tomb, and was gi#en posthumous honors* He was also a famous poet* Here is one of his many popular poemsK

7ang! @ue! Huai2 @uan3 )&oo:ing at the moon and thin:ing of someone far away+
httpK88www*youtube*com8watchM#[NB-:cA4SlHg (%%%Hai; shang? sheng ming: yue?, -*%%%Tian ya: gong? ci; shi:* ),%%%Hing: ren: yuan? yao: ye?, *%%%Fing? 3i Di; 3iang si* |,%%%Mie? /hu: lian: guang man;, *%%%<i yi =iao? lu? /i* (%%%2u? !an ying: shou; /eng, *%%%Hai: Din; meng? =ia Di*

'he eA30anations in 30ain Chinese and Bng0ish

(') 8f' The lustre of the moon comes out from the sea, (:) @1C . 4t this moment e#erywhere under hea#en can see it* (;) ' -o#ers hate this endless night, (?) !"#$%&. 4s the long night will lead them yearning for their lo#ers* (() '()f*+' ,-./01' 4s it is a full moon . blow off the burning candle, (G) '23456$/' ,7/_89:. Seeing the dew is so thic! . put on a dress* (B) ;f!<=> ?@A' Since . can't hold this moon in both hands to offer you, (C) B3C$ DEF' GHAIJK%L_MN. . might as well go to bed and hope to meet you in my dream*

-ote6
U'4V tian 3ia () means under hea#en which referred to the whole of China during the old days*\ .n later generations in the Ming &ynasty ( ';GC4& to 'G??4&), during the reign of 1mperor u 9ong 9hu Hou/hao ( '()G4& to '(:'4&), the people of Hu=iang county (Shaoguan prefecture) erected a memorial hall called JHu Fiang 0eng &u -ou J in honour of 9hang Fiuling* The couplet on the front door was written by Hai >u ( '('?4& to '(CB4&), the contemporary statesman and scholar at that time* Here is the coupletK !"#,%%%%%%&ang =in huang: shi? wu: shuang shi? $%&'()*%%%9i? gu; tian nan: di? yi ren:* An ')th "o#ember '@G(, an article called JHai >ui &ismissed 0rom Affice *+J, was published by the <eople's &aily in Shanghai, critici/ing a play written by u Han (,), the deputy Mayor of 2ei=ing city* The play was called JHai Fui (>ui) &ismissed 0rom Affice * +*J 0ew people too! notice about this article, but <eng 9hen (-.), the mayor of 2ei=ing, was annoyed by the article* <eng 9hen as!ed the Shanghai branch of the <eople's &aily who authori/ed that article to be published* 9hang ChunDiao (/0) replied that the authority was gi#en by Chairman Mao 9edong (1234), who wrote that article* That was the first shot of the J>ed Guard Mo#ement 56789*J The gra#e of the Tang statesman and poet 9hang Fiuling was robbed in early '@G)* The go#ernment decided to unearthed it from -uoyuandong (:;<) in Hu=iang county () of Guangdong pro#ince* The Ha!!a professor $ang Hao (=>) of the Guangdong ,ni#ersity was in%charge of the e3ca#ation*

+$out Zhang *iuling

9hang Fiuling (./)(*), was a #irtuous minister who was born in GBC 4*&* in The city of Hu%Fiang, Shao9hou (Shaoguan), He is the pride of the Ha!!a people* His forefather four generations ago was a nati#e of 2an:ang in He$ei ;rovince, and after he was appointed as official assistant of Shao/hou go#ernment by the royal court, his family mo#ed from the north to Shao/hou city* Hence, 9hang Fiuling is one of the Ha!!a people* "owadays, besides the descendants ) in Shi3ing, Shaoguan ( 012'345 ), another lineage ) is dated bac! to 9hang Fiuling's grandson (Son) after fourteen generations, 9 hang Huasun ( 6 7 ) Zhang 2a&Sun "&Suen"" in ShangHang"9ian"( 2u,ian ( 8 9 2 ' : ; < ). ?his Lineage 8as Guite ;rolific( 8ith his FC sons and FEC grandsons.( There are more descendants of 9hang Fiuling in the se#en counties of Mei/hou (7uhua, Iing"ing, &abu, Fiaoling, <ingyuan, Mei3ian and Mei/hou City) and e#en, Fie3i and 0engshun* 9hang Fiuling had made great contributions in history, not only assisting the Tang &ynasty emperor Iuan/ong for :? years, but also initiating the J+aiyuan's SpiritJ during the Tang dynasty* His spirit has certain influences on his descendants*

>" Zhang 1ueliang ()

The young Marshall 9hang Iueliang was the commander%in%chief of the Chinese armed forces in the northeastern pro#inces ( or Manchuria)* .n September '@;' the Fapanese perpetrated the notorious September 'Cth .ncident and forcibly occupied the three pro#inces in China's northeast* The Chinese nation was faced with a national crisis of unprecedented gra#ity* hen the Fapanese in#aded the three pro#inces, Generalissimo Chiang +ai%she! (), the commander%in%chief of all the Chinese armed forces, ordered 9hang Iueliang and his ;))),)))%man northeastern army not to resist the Fapanese but to withdraw to the area within Shanhaiguan ( or the Great all meets the sea) to =oin in suppressing the JCommunist banditsJ* 4s a result, the three northeastern pro#inces and ;) million people came under the iron heels of the Fapanese* Soon after that, #ast areas of the pro#ince of Hebei () fell into the Fapanese hands* The whole of north China was endangered* .n '@;: 9hang Hanhui ((M) wrote a song called JAn the Songhua >i#er (OP8)J that 9hang Iueliang's troops lo#ed to sing* .t is li!e this OP8%%% o; di: =ia /ai? dong bei; Songhua=iang shang;, Q RrSTUQ%%%"a? li; you; sen lin: mei: !uang? hai: you; na? VWXYZ[\*%%%%%man; shan bian? ye; di: da? dou? gao liang:* My home is in the "ortheast, on the ban!s of the Songhua >i#er, There are dense forests and coal mines, and endless bean and sorghum fields* OP8,%%% o; di: =ia /ai? dong bei; Songhua=iang shang;,Z Q ]^UQ%%%%"a? li; you; wo; di: tong: bao hai: you; na? _`ab*%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%shuai lao; di: die niang:* My home is in the "ortheast, on the ban!s of the Songhua >i#er, There li#e my fellow countrymen and my old and feeble <arents* ._c d ._c d-%%%%%Fiu; yi baR =iu; yi baR, KQef'%%%Cong: na? ge? bei can; di: shi: hou?, ghQijkl'%%%<ao Di? na? wu: =in? di: bao; /ang?, j d j d%%%%%%%%%%%%-iu: lang? R liu: lang? R men4j.%%9heng; ri? =ia? /ai? guan nei? liu: lang?* September the 'Cth R September the 'Cth R .n the tragic days of September the 'Cth, . left my homeland and abandoned the boundless hidden treasures, To roam, to roam, day after day far away from home* oo%%%%%%%%%%%%"a; nian: na; yue? p<qCQ)rsM Cai: neng: gou? hui: dao? wo; na? !e; ai? di: gu? 3iangM oo%%%%%%%%%%%%"a; nian: na; yue? p<qtCQijklM Cai: neng: gou? shou hui: wo; na? wu: =in? di: bao; /ang?M hich year, which month, Can . return to my belo#ed homelandM

hich year, which month, Can . reco#er the boundless hidden treasuresM abu d abu d[[&ie niang: a? R die niang: a? R vwp<x_%%%Shen? me shi: hou? cai: neng: =u? /ai? yi tang: Ah my dear <arents, my dear <arents, hen will we be together againM An ':th &ecember, '@;G, 9hang Iueliang !idnapped Chiang +ai%she! in Iian city in Shaan3i pro#ince (), forcing Chiang +ai%she! to co%operate with the communists to resist the Fapanese* 9hang Iueliang changed the course of Chinese history*
CH=-% )oon&-gan (yz) +ll rights reserved

+ccording to historical records( surname Zhang derives from surname *iang.

Fiang 9iya is one descendant of 1mperor $an that made great contribution to the founding of 9hou &ynasty* Ane branch of Fiang's descendants was conferred the place of 9hang and later they established State 9hang* -ater State 9hang was conDuered by State Hi and the royal offspring of State 9hang adopted the left component of the character 9hang, the name of their perished state which is also pronounced 9hang, as their surname e#er since* Ather historical materials recorded that Huangdi ($ellow 1mperor) had once granted ': surnames to his ': outstanding sons, and among them there was one who too! the surname >en* -ater the >en surname flourished and split into ten sub%branches* Ane of them settled in the place of 9hang, and they adopted 9hang as name and multiplied and li#ed to this day* 9hang had also been a surname by which Manchu 2arbarians and Mongolian 2arbarians chose to sinici/e their names since the beginning of the >epublic ('@':)

%ong means6 !o8 ?he Surname %ong is more than >EEE :ears old.

() GA"G Surname\::?

Generations later his descendants combined the two characters of Gong and 9hang into one as their surname which ultimately became and pronounced as 9H4"G ( )* Ho8ever Some of them gave themselves onl: the %0-% character " as their surname and left off the character Chang ". ?herefore surnames Zhang " and %ong " came from the S+#@ ancestor. Hui( and are related. The surname Gong ( ) originated in an area referred to during the Qin D:nast: { OOF !.C. to OEB !.C." as the ?ai:uan ;refecture {" ?he Present&da: location of ?ai:uan Prefecture is the cit: of ?ai:uan in Shan9i Province <".

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