VLANs

http://ccna.site.ge/switches/vlan.html

VLANs
Type of switch ports: Access ports - port belongs to and carries the traffic of only one VLAN. Traffic is both received and sent with no VLAN tagging. Anything arriving on the port is assumed to belong to the VLAN assigned to the port. Tagged packet would be dropped. Also, switches remove any VLAN information from the frame before its forwarded out to an access-link device. Voice access ports - most switches will allow to add a second VLAN to an access port on a switch port for voice traffic. Its still just an access port that can be configured for both data and voice VLANs. Trunk port - 100 or 1000Mbps point-to-point link, carries the traffic of multiple VLANsfrom 1 to 4,094 at a time (though its really only up to 1,005 unless it is extended VLANs). All vlans are allowed by default in a trunk port static vlan - to assign switch ports to each VLAN. dynamic vlan - to assign vlan on MAC, addresses, protocols, or application basis. VLAN Management Policy Server (VMPS) - automatically maps MAC addresses to VLANs. Vlan ranges: 2-1000 - can create delete change 1002-1005 - reserved for Cisco defaults for FDDI and Token Ring 1025-4094 - extended range Native VLAN definition: The VLAN tag information is referred to as VLAN ID (VID). The default VID for a port is referred to as the Port VID (PVID). Each physical port has a parameter called PVID. Every 802.1Q port is assigned a PVID value that is of its native VLAN ID (default is VLAN 1). All untagged frames are assigned to the LAN specified in the PVID parameter. When a tagged frame is received by a port, the tag is respected. If the frame is untagged, the value contained in the PVID (port value) is considered as a tag. Every trunk port has native vlan - vlan 1 usually, where all untagged frames travel. GVRP stands for GARP (Generic Attribute Registration Protocol) VLAN Registration Protocol. It's a Layer 2 network protocol, for automatic configuration of switches in a VLAN network. Each VLAN switch is configured with the VLANs it is part of. GVRP will spread this information and configure the needed VLANs.

show interface trunk - to see what vlans are allowed in different ports

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VLANs

http://ccna.site.ge/switches/vlan.html

trunk ports, native vlan and encapsulation Enter into vlan configuration mode: vlan 2 : vlan 2 name Sales - to assign a name to Vlan

sh vlan - to view configured vlans EtherCannel bundle wont show up in vlan database

switchport access vlan 3 - to assign a vlan interface range - to chose several interfaces simultaneusly switchport mode access - to to set an access port Trunk A trunk port can be configured as one of the following 5 different modes: on, off, desirable, auto, or nonegotiate. switchport mode trunk - to set an trunk port switchport mode dynamic auto - makes the interface able to convert to trunk switchport mode dynamic desirable - makes the interface actively able to convert to trunk switchport nonegotiate - prevents from generating DTP frames

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VLANs

http://ccna.site.ge/switches/vlan.html

DTP Dynamic Trunking Protocol - to configure a port as an access or trunk port, negotiates with the port on the other end of the link. switchport trunk allowed vlan ? switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 4 - to exclude vlan #4 from the trunk switchport trunk allowed vlan all /no switchport trunk allowed vlan - to set to default switchport trunk native vlan 40 - to make #40 vlan native (instead of 1) in this case all switches should have their native vlan changed to 40

Pruning
Enabling pruning on server enables it in entire domain. Vlan 1 - never prune. switchport trunk pruning vlan 3-4 - to enable pruning Router configuratin for vlan: int f 0/1.1 - to assign subinterface (locally significant, usually the same as vlan number) encapsulation dot1q 1 - to specify encapsulation and vlan number ip address 192.168.1.14 255.255.255.240 vlans should be configured according to their subnets to set ip address on the switch:

int vlan 1 ip address 192.168.1.200 255.255.255.0 no shutdown

Configuring VTP vtp mode server - to set server mode vtp domain Madrid - to set domain name vtp passwors 1234 - to set password sh vtp status sh vlan brief Voice vlan Qos Class of sevice - set to 5 for voice traffic QoS standard - 802.1p switchport voice vlan - to enable voice vlan feature mls qos - Globally enables QoS

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