PH3150A and PH3150R/32

Royal Holloway and Bedford New College 2002

UNIVERSITY OF LONDON
BSc and MSci EXAMINATION 2002
For Internal Students of
Royal Holloway
DO NOT TURN OVER UNTIL TOLD TO BEGIN
PH3150A: FURTHER MATHEMATICAL METHODS
PH3150R: FURTHER MATHEMATICAL METHODS - PAPER FOR RESIT CANDIDATES
Time Allowed: TWO hours
Answer THREE questions
No credit will be given for attempting any further questions
Approximate part-marks for questions are given in the right-hand margin
Only CASIO fx85WA Calculators are permitted
GENERAL PHYSICAL CONSTANTS
Permeability of vacuum
0
= 4 10
-7
H m
-1
Permittivity of vacuum
0
= 8.85 10
-12
F m
-1
1/4
0
= 9.0 10
9
m F
-1
Speed of light in vacuum c = 3.00 10
8
m s
-1
Elementary charge e = 1.60 10
-19
C
Electron (rest) mass m
e
= 9.11 10
-31
kg
Unified atomic mass constant m
u
= 1.66 10
-27
kg
Proton rest mass m
p
= 1.67 10
-27
kg
Neutron rest mass m
n
= 1.67 10
-27
kg
Ratio of electronic charge to mass e/m
e
= 1.76 10
11
C kg
-1
Planck constant h = 6.63 10
-34
J s
h = h/2
= 1.05 10
-34
J s
Boltzmann constant k = 1.38 10
-23
J K
-1
Stefan-Boltzmann constant

= 5.67 10
-8
W m
-2
K
-4
Gas constant R = 8.31 J mol
-1
K
-1
Avogadro constant N
A
= 6.02 10
23
mol
-1
Gravitational constant G = 6.67 10
-11
N m
2
kg
-2
Acceleration due to gravity g = 9.81 m s
-2
Volume of one mole of an ideal gas at STP = 2.24 10
-2
m
3
One standard atmosphere P
0
= 1.01 10
5
N m
-2
MATHEMATICAL CONSTANTS
e 2.718 3.142 log
e
10 2.303
page 1 PH3150A
PART
MARKS
TURN OVER
1 (a) Solve, using Laplace techniques, the wave equation
) 0 (
2
2
2
2
2
> >

a
x
t
x
Y
a
t
Y
subject to the boundary conditions
0
) 0 , (
and 0 ) 0 , ( , sin
) , 0 (

t
x Y
x Y t
x
t Y
.
[10]
(b) By considering

2
1
) 1 ln(
z
dz iz
, or otherwise, evaluate

+
+
0 2
2
1
) 1 ln(
x
dx x
.
[10]
2. (a) Describe how certain integral equations may be solved using Laplace
transforms.
[3]
(b)
Show that, using residue calculus,
t t
e te t
s s
L 2 2
) 1 (
1
2 2
1
+ +

'

, [5]
hence, solve

+
x
dy y x y u x x u
0
) cos( ) ( 2 ) ( .
[5]
(c)
Solve the integral equation

,
_

+ +
1
1
2 2
) ( ) ( dy y u y x xy x x u
. [7]
page 2 PH3150A
PART
MARKS
TURN OVER
3 (a) Write down or evaluate the following contour integrals

C
z
dz
2 4
where C is (i)
1 | | z
, (ii)
1 | 1 | z

C
i z
dz
2
) (
where C is (i)
2
1
| | z , (ii)
2 | 1 | z
[2]
[2]
(b)
Evaluate

dz z
where is the contour shown below,
iy
x

0
Why is Cauchy's theorem not satisfied?
[6]
[2]
(c) By integrating around the unit circle, evaluate

+
2
0
cos 2
d
.
[8]
page 3 PH3150A
PART
MARKS
TURN OVER
4.
Using the convolution property of Laplace transforms evaluate

'

) 2 )( 1 (
1
1
s s
L
,

'

2
1
) 2 (
1
s s
L
.
Check your results using residue calculus.
[4]
[6]
A string of length L is fixed at both ends and is set vibrating in a medium
that offers resistance proportional to the velocity of the string. The wave
equation may be written
t
U
k
x
U
c
t
U

2
2
2
2
2
2
where c and k are constants.
Show that the displacement,
) , ( t x U
, at any point x and at any time t is
given by

,
_

1
) sin cos ( sin ) , (
n
n n n n
t k
t q B t q A e
L
x n
t r U
, where
2
2
2
k
L
c n
q
n

,
_

.
If the initial displacement,
) 0 , (x U
, is zero and the initial velocity, ) 0 , (x U
t
,
is a known function,
) (x F
, find expressions for the
n
A and the
n
B .
[6]
[4]
5 (a)
Using residue calculus show that
. real ,
2
ln ln
0 2 2
a
a
a
a x
xdx

[12]
(b)
Show that
t s
L

'

1 1
1
.
[8]
page 4 PH3150A
PART
MARKS
END JCH
6. Explain briefly how the Bromwich contour may used to evaluate inverse
Laplace transforms. [3]
Show that the solution of the diffusion equation
,
2
2
2
x
Y
a
t
Y

for
a x 0 , subject to the conditions:
0 ) , ( ; 0 ) , 0 ( ; ) 0 , ( t a Y t Y x x Y
and 0 ) , (

t a Y
x
is given by

'

a s
x s
s
a
s
x
L t x Y
sinh
sinh
. ) , (
1
.
Evaluate the above inverse Laplace transform.
[10]
[7]