Seminar Report on A processing platform for Optoelectronics/Optogenetic Retinal Prosthesis Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the award of the

degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics & Communication Engineering of Cochin University of Science and Technology

October 2013 Department of Electronics &Communication Engineering College of Engineering Chengannur-689121 Phone:(0479)2454125,2451424 Fax:(0479)2451424

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,CHENGANNUR KERALA

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the seminar entitled A Processing Platform for Optoelectronic/Optogenetic Retinal Prosthesis Submitted by Neenu Suresh is a bonafide record of the work done by her.

Head of the Department

Co-ordinator

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I invoke the Divine Grace that made my humble venture realize in its true sense. I express my overwhelming indebtedness to Almighty God for, among many other things, the success of my seminar.

First and foremost I would like to express my whole hearted thanks to the invisible, the indomitable God for his blessings showered upon us in enabling to complete the project on time..

It would be a grave error if I forget to mention of our seminar co-ordinators Assistant Professor, Mr. Ayoob Khan, Lecturer ECE, Ms. Aswathy whose constant persistence and support helped me in the successful completion of my seminar..

There are many a lot whose well wishes, whole hearted co-operation and contribution in one form or another has helped me throughout this venture.

ABSTRACT

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an inherited retinal dystrophy caused by the loss of photoreceptors and characterized by retinal pigment deposits visible on fundus examination. The most common form of RP is a rod-cone dystrophy, in which the first symptom is night blindness, followed by the progressive loss in the peripheral visual field in daylight, and eventually leading to blindness after several decades. Clinical diagnosis is based on the presence of night blindness and peripheral visual field defects, lesions in the fundus, hypovolted electroretinogram traces, and progressive worsening of these signs. Molecular diagnosis can be made for some genes, but is not usually performed due to the tremendous genetic heterogeneity of the disease. In this scenario, the field of retinal prosthesis has been steadily

developing over the last two decades. In this paper, a method to simplify the scene, perform spatial image compression, and then apply spike coding is highlighted. The expression of archaebacterial halorhodopsin in light-insensitive cones can substitute for the native phototransduction cascade and restore light sensitivity in mouse models of retinitis pigmentosa. Resensitized photoreceptors activate all retinal cone pathways, drive sophisticated retinal circuit functions (including directional selectivity), activate cortical circuits, and mediate visually guided behaviours.