Participles (ng tnh t) 1. nh ngha: Phn ng t l t do ng t to ra v n c c tnh nh mt tnh t. 2. Cc dng ca Phn ng t: AC !"# $Ch ng% a( writing P)#&#* .....

+( PA& ..... writing c( having written P#),#C ..... PA&&!"# $' ng% being written written having been written

-. Phn ng t i c.ng /0i tn ng12 h34c tn ng1 5 t6nh t ca n72 g8i l9 phn ng t. V d: Sitting at the window, he thought o hi! girl riend. "atching the white cloud!, !he elt ver# !ad. Phn ng t c7 dng sa:: a( ";ing 5 phn t: Tc l verb thm ui ING vo cu i +( <: phn t : ! "#c t$o thnh b%ng c&ch thm '( vo )au *+ng t, b-t .u/ t0c1 c2n Nh3ng +ng t, 4-t .ui t0c th5 6h7i h8c thu+c l2ng1 v 9+t cu i c:ng l ;a)t ;artic6le <;II=>

!))#=>?A) "#'& $'@ng ng t +At B:C tDc% E. he3 l:Ft ch:ng: E.1. Present Participle: GiHn phn t ca ng t I: tFn c.ng +Jng $5!*=% visiting going, ending, walking, ... a. *K: ng t c7 # cL M c:Ni 2 ta +O # i rPi L0i thQL !*=: wor? @ wor?ing drin? @ drin?ing +. *K: ng t M c:Ni c7 phR L2 /9 trS0c phR L L9 c7 Lt ng:CQn L2 ta ph@i gAp Ti phR L rPi L0i thQL !*=: cut @ cutting run @ running c. *K: ng t c7 !# M c:Ni 2 ta Ui !# th9nh V rPi L0i thQL !*= tie @ t/ing die @ d/ing lie @ l/ing E.2 "I B: WhX phn t: E.2.2: C7 B:C tDc $)eg:lar /er+s%. a. *K: ng t c7 # cL M c:Ni2 ta +O # i rPi L0i thQL ;!*=: invite @ invited )mile @ )miled

+. *K: ng t M c:Ni c7 phR L2 /9 trS0c phR L L9 c7 Lt ng:CQn L 2 ta ph@i gAp Ti phR L rPi L0i thQL !*=: rub @ rubbed )to6 @ )to66ed c. *K: ng t c7 WKt thYc V2 ta Ui V th9nh !# rPi L0i thQL #Z. )tud/ @ )tudied carr/ @ carried E.2.-: C7 B:C tDc $!rreg:lar /er+s%. (Xem Phn 3 (b) trn !" # $%ng ng t b&t '(" t)*.) [. Phn ng t\ c7 th] d.ng l9L tnh t th\c s\ V d: "or$ing woman <a bA t"Bi c"Ci= Slee%ing child <th%ng bA ang ngD= &ro$en gla!! 'c&i l/ vE( ^. rng t c7 gNc t Phn ng t: a. hQL ?V th_ th9nh trng t : moc$ingl# <m+t c&ch chF nh$o=> undou)tedl# < m+t c&ch ch0c ch0n @ ?hng nghi ngC=> +. Chia M lNi s3 snh s` giNng nhS cc t6nh t c7 nhiI: L tiKt $a L%2 +Jng ab)# /9 ab& . V d: *t i! di icult to ind a more charming %artner. +e i! con!idered the mo!t admired %er!on o tho!e. c. Z.ng l9L danh t Whi c7 L3 t G# Xng trS0c. V d: +e i! not more among the living. *t wa! ver# di icult to ind him among the wounded at the )attle ield. c. Phn ng t d.ng ]: a. ng t tiKp didn sa: e b '#e. +. Z.ng sa: ng t /I tri gic nhS: see2 hear2 feel2 etc... thaC ch3 infiniti/e ] chg /iHc ang didn tiKp. V d: ,o #ou hear her calling,id #ou !ee the girl! wal$ing in the %ar$* !aw them wal$ing in the %ar$ ver# late la!t night. c. Chg Lt /iHc Png thhi i@C ra /0i ng t ch6nh: V d: +e came running to !ee hi! clo!e girl riend. Ste% )# !te%, the# ollowed dancing. d. Chg Lt /iHc c.ng i@C ra h34c ngaC trS0c /iHc Whc V d: +e came to vi!it her, )ringing hi! !on with him. +earing the noi!e out!ide, we ru!h out o the room at once.

j. Phn ng t c7 th] d.ng l9L t6nh t ] +U ngha ch3 danh t AC. V d: .he )o# wearing the )lue /ean! i! hi! !on. .a$ing morning e0erci!e ever#da#, #ou can im%rove #our health. +aving )een )uilt, the !hi% wa! chec$ed care ull#. k. lhTng d.ng Phn ng t l9L ng t: V d: G@ +e t#%ed a letter. '!ai( +e ha! t#%ed a letter. '1ng( H@ .he children going down!tair!. '!ai( .he children are going down!tair!. '1ng(

Thng th"Cng1 ?hi m+t +ng t, ?hng cI d$ng thc tnh t, t"Bng ng vJi nI th5 6hKn t, G <V@ing= hoLc 6hKn t, H <;H= cDa +ng t, I "#c )M dng lm tnh t,> *i ?hi ng"Ci h8c tiFng Nnh ?hng biFt nn d:ng tnh t, O d$ng thc no: 23ing ha/ 2er)3ed ha/ 2er)3 en> Tnh t, d$ng V@ing th"Cng "#c d:ng ?hi danh t, m nI bP nghQa th4c hi5n hoc ch6u tr7ch nhi5m vR hnh +ng> *+ng t, th"Cng l n+i +ng t, <?hng cI tKn ng3= v thCi cDa +ng t, l thCi tiF6 diSn: The cr/ing bab/ wo?e !r>4inion> <The bab/ wa) cr/ing= The blooming Tlower) in the meadow created a rainbow oT color)> <The Tlower) were blooming= The 6urring ?itten )nuggled clo)e to the Tire6lace> <The ?itten wa) 6urring= ;hKn t, H <V@ed= "#c d:ng lm tnh t, ?hi danh t, m nI bP nghQa l i t"#ng nhUn )V t&c +ng cDa hnh +ng> 9Ku cI tnh t, O d$ng ;H th"Cng cI nguWn g c t, nh3ng cKu bX +ng> The )orted mail wa) delivered to the oTTice) beTore noon> <The mail had been )orted=> YroZen Tood i) oTten ea)ier to 6re6are than Tre)h Tood> <The Tood had been TroZen= The im6ri)oned men were unha66/ with their living condition)> <The men had been im6ri)oned= ?S: m: !+t ) c&c +ng t, nh" to intere!t, to )ore, to e0cite, to righten ?hi )M dng lm tnh t, th"Cng ?hI [&c Xnh nn d:ng lo$i no <6hKn t, G ha/ 6hKn t, H=> Ngu/n t0c &6 dng c\ng gi ng nh" ] nu trn: NFu chD ng3 gK/ ra hnh +ng th5 d:ng ;G1 nFu chD ng3 nhUn t&c +ng cDa hnh +ng th5 d:ng ;H> ^At thm c&c v d )au: The boring 6roTe))or 6ut the )tudent) to )lee6> The boring lecture 6ut the )tudent) to )lee6> The bored )tudent) went to )lee6 during the boring lecture> The child )aw a Trightening movie> The Trightened child began to cr/>

;re)ent ;artici6le: hi_n t$i 6hKn t, V@ing i vJi +ng t, `to be` a chb c&c hnh +ng ang diSn ra <ch"a ?Ft thcc= t$i m+t thCi iam trong th5 tiF6 diSn1 hoLc lin tiFn> I am reading I wa) reading when )he came> I have been reading all da/>

I am leaving in d minute)> ;a)t ;artici6le: .u& ?h 6hKn t, V@ed hoLc c+t e trong b7ng +ng t, b-t .u/ t0c @ i vJi `have` thnh lU6 th5 hon thnh <6erTect= hoLc cKu iRu ?i_n I have fu)t arrived> I had arrived>>> I will have arrived>>> I )hould have arrived>>> I would have arrived iT>>> @ i vJi `to be` thnh lU6 d$ng bX +ng I wa) robbedg * i vJi tr"Cng h#6 d:ng nh" tnh t, th5 a bP nghQa cho danh t,1 vR mLt h nghQa th5 cng nh" G: ] nIi1 ;a)t ;artici6le th"Cng l c&c tnh t, cI tnh bX +ng1 ;re)ent ;artici6le cI tnh chD +ng> Iim intere)ted in intere)ting movie)> jeire bored becau)e the game i) boring> Ngoi ra ;a)t ;artici6le ?hi d:ng nh" tnh t, c2n cI tha cI h nghQa `]1 rWi` ke i) gone> <Nnh -/ ] ilchFt rWi= ;re)ent ;artici6le ?hi d:ng nh" tnh t, c2n cI nghQa l `ang` running bo/ <th%ng bA ang ch$/= NguWn:

+,-./0 1/0 P-,2,/3 P1-3454P6,(0anh ng t v7 8i9n t:i ;h!n t) !. =er:nd $Zanh ng t% 1. G_nh thXc: ";ing 2. ChXc nnng: (anh +ng t, cI tha lm: @ 9hD t, <mubfect= '[: 8ollecting )tam6) i) m/ hobb/> @ Tcc t, cDa +ng t,: '[: mhe enfo/) watching cartoon)> @ Tcc t, cDa giJi t,: '[: ke i) intere)ted in learning 'ngli)h> @ 4P ng3 cho chD t, <mubfect 9om6lement= '[: ker fo/ i) hel%ing the homele))> @ Ng3 Wng vX <N66o)itive= '[: !/ hobb/1 %la#ing ta)le tenni!1 ma?e) me Teel ha66/> @ 9-u t$o danh t, ghA6 gerund n noun '[: coo?ing@oil <dou pn=1 )lee6ing@6ill <thu c ngD= noun n gerund '[: child@rearing <nui d$/ con=1 child@bearing <vi_c )inh con= !!. Present participle $GiHn ti phn t% 1. G_nh thXc: ";ing 2. ChXc nnng: @ (:ng trong c&c th5 tiF6 diSn: +e 5 Present participle <V@ing= '[: It i) raining now> <;re)ent 6rogre))ive= je will be !tud#ing 'ngli)h at thi) time tomorrow> <Yuture 6rogre))ive= @ (:ng nh" m+t tnh t, <mang nghQa chD +ng v th"Cng miu t7 vUt= '[: The Tilm i) intere!ting. Itq) an e0citing fourne/>

@ Tha/ cho m+t m_nh R r !_nh R +c lU6 trong cKu ghA6: kai )V ?i_n [7/ ra Wng thCi c:ng m+t chD t, th5 m+t trong hai m_nh R cI tha "#c tha/ b%ng hi_n t$i 6hKn t,> '[: ke wa)hed hi) car and )ang ha66il/> @ "a!hing hi) car1 he )ang ha66il/> @ ke wa)hed hi) car1 !inging ha66il/> kai )V ?i_n [7/ ra ?F tiF6 nhau: )V ?i_n [7/ ra tr"Jc "#c tha/ b%ng hi_n t$i 6hKn t,> '[: mhe 6ut on her coat and went out> @ Putting on her coat1 )he went out> r !_nh R 6h trong cKu: @ !_nh R .uan h_: ?hi $i t, .uan h_ lm chD t, v m_nh R .uan h_ l m_nh R chD +ng th5 "#c tha/ b%ng hi_n t$i 6hKn t,> '[: The girl who lent me thi) boo? i) m/ be)t Triend> @ The girl lending me thi) boo? i) m/ be)t Triend> @ !_nh R tr$ng ng3 chb thCi gian: '[: mince he leTt )chool1 he ha) wor?ed in a re)taurant> @ 9eaving )chool1 he ha) wor?ed in a re)taurant> @ !_nh R tr$ng ng3 chb lh do: hai m_nh R 6h7i c:ng chD t, '[: 4ecau)e he drove carele))l/1 he had an accident> @ ,riving carele))l/1 he had an accident> n 9-u trcc cKu: & 5 sit ( stand ( lie ( c3Le ( r:n $cRL t chg noi chNn% 5 present participle> '[: ke )at on the chair reading a boo?> n 9-u trcc: here 5 +e 5 *3:n 5 present participle '[: There are man/ 6eo6le waiting Tor the bu)