ECET- 462

Application of Computers in Process Control

Purdue University, Calumet

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[LABORATORY 6]
Develop a Continuous Control Process of a Heating and Cooling System using ON-OFF controller having controllable Dead-band

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Develop a Heating and Cooling control system using ON-OFF controller having controllable Dead-band LAB 6

Objective: To demonstrate the use of ON/OFF controller using LabVIEW Software required: Lab View. Background: The purpose of on/off control is to keep a given physical variable, e.g. the ambient temperature, within certain limits or to change it according to a predetermined program. A control system serves to measure the value of the controlled variable, compare it with the desired value, and adjust the control unit, by which a possible deviation is reduced. Thermostats and pressure controls for on/off control are two-position regulators where the manipulated variable can only lead to two conditions: cut-in or cut-out. The temperature sequence for a room controlled by a thermostat is shown in figure.

The rise in the ambient temperature will not occur at the same time as the valve opens, as some time will pass before this happens, i.e. the dead time Tt. The dead time is defined as the time which will pass from when the valve opens until the bulb begins to register the temperature increase. At the measuring point the increase will follow an exponential function. The tangent to the starting point of the curve intersects the tangent to the final value of the curve at Tt + Ts. Ts is denoted the time constant and indicates the time it takes for the temperature to increase to 63% of the final value. In other words, the time constant is an expression of the rate at which the controlled variable changes as a result of a sudden change of the manipulated variable. Because of the great difference in temperature the curve of temperature will increase most rapidly at the beginning, to fade out gradually and approach the final value tangentially. When the temperature has increased

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to the point A the thermostat will cut-in and the cooling begins. However, it takes some time - 1 - before the ambient temperature begins to fall. During cooling the temperature drops to the point B where the thermostats cut out the refrigeration system. Because of the cold accumulated there will, however, be certain after cooling 2 - before the temperature increases again. The cooling is restarted at the point A, and a new cycle begins. td (= the section A to B) denotes the thermal differential of the thermostat, whereas tmax indicates the maximum temperature fluctuations. Procedure: During building the program, given in the other page you will need to do the followings: 1) Create a Case structure 2) Go to ModernRing and EnumText Ring (in front panel). Place it in front panel. Connect it to the Case structure. Right click on it and select propertiesEdit item and make it as follows:

3) You need to do Add case after after right clicking on top of the case structure. Now you shall have 0, 1 and 2 cases. 4) Go to ProgrammingArrayArray constant, Put Numeric into it to get 1D array inside the case structure; stretch it to make more blocks. 5) Follow step 4 and build two more to fit them inside other two cases 6) Create a simulation loop from Control designSimulationSimulation loop 7) Right click on the border and set the following parameters: Initial time-0 Final time-24 Rung kutta-4 Check Nan/Inf Step size 0.05

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8) For the look up table: Go to Control design and SimulationsimulationLook up table look up table 1D. Double click on it and make the following changes: Click on look up tableLUTX; from parameter source select terminal, do the same for LUT data also.

9) Go to control design and simulation simulation signal generationsimulation time to get the clock 10) Temperature reference is a step signal and can be found from the same location as above Double click on it and set Initial value to 55, final value to 65 and step time to 8

11) To get the thermostat go to Control design and simulationsimulationnonlinear systemrelay 12) Double click on relay Output value off=0 Output value on=1 Switch off point=-1 and Parameter source terminal Switch on point=1 and parameter source terminal

13) To get the furnace go to control and simulation simulation nonlinear systemsaturation. Set the upper limit to 400. 14) To get House go to Control design and Simulation SimulationContinuous Linear System 15) Double click on it and make A(x0)=0; B(u0)=0.1, the rest are unchanged. Click on initial state (xo), go to parameter source and select terminal 16) To connect the initial state to the house block you will need a Build array. 17) Bring collector from Control design and simulation simulation--.utilitiescollector 18) Make sure on the left side of the collector there is another Build array but this time it is stretched to make 4 input channels. 19) There is a expression node which can be found in mathematics numeric 20) Go to front panel to bring XY graph 21) Right click on the graph to change some of its properties: In appearance change the plot shown to 4

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In Plot change the names of the 4 plots as Heating, Room Temperature, outside temperature and reference temperature Make the following change in Heating plot:

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Discussion: 1) Discuss what is going on in the labVIEW program. 2) Explain the plots obtained after running the program. Reference: This example was based on an example from the book Feedback Control of Dynamic Systems by Gene F. Franklin, J. David Powell and Abbas Emami-Naeini Prentice Hall, Fourth Edition, page 3.