Global Advanced Wordlist

GLOBAL ADVANCED WORDLIST
A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Word Unit1
absolutely*** academic accuracy** actually*** adventure**
Partofspeec Phonetics
Definition
completely:usedforemphasis
SampleSentence
Pageno.
adverb noun noun adverb noun
/ bs lu tli/
8 9
amateur* amusement*
noun noun
10 tosomeonesamusement 11 annoyance
phrase noun
12 anti
prefix
13 app
noun
14 appalled
adjective
15 artefact *
noun
16 astonishment*
noun
17 authoritative 18 baffled
adjective adjective
WhenShahrazadofferedtoseetheking,herfatherwas absolutelyastonished. someonewhoteachesordoesresearchatacollege Wikipediaarticlesarewrittenandrevisedbyhundredsof oruniversity thousandsofunpaidvolunteers,whomaybe academics. / k demk/ thequalityofbeingaccurate Professionalexpertsstillhaveavitalroletoplayindecidingabout theaccuracyandimportanceoffacts. / kjrsi/ usedwhencorrectingwhatsomeonehassaidor Ithoughthewasastudent,but actuallyhestheteacher. thinks,orwhatyouyourselfhavesaid / ktuli/ anexciting,unusualandsometimesdangerous IdecidedIwasreadyforan adventureaftercollege. experience /d vent(r)/ someonewhodoessomethingbecausetheyenjoyit Wikipediaarticlesarewrittenandrevisedbyhundredsof insteadofasajob thousandsofunpaidvolunteers,whomaybesimplyinterested amateurs. / mt(r)/, / mt(r)/ afeelingofbeingamused Herchildrenhavealwaysbeenagreatsourceof amusementfor her. / mju:zmnt/ Muchtoeveryone'samusement,someonehidhisclotheswhile makingsomeonewanttosmileorlaugh hewasswimming. /tu smwnz mju:zmnt/ aslightlyangryorimpatientfeeling Shakinghisheadinannoyance,Patricklefttheroom. / nns/ opposedtosomeoneorsomething:usedwithsome Policewerebroughtintoensurethepublic'ssafetyatthe nouns,forexample antiwar,antiracism antiwardemonstration. / nti/ anapplication:softwarewhichcarriesoutacertain ThedictionaryappisnowavailableforiPhoneandiPad. functiononacomputer,mobilephone,etc. /p/ offendedorshockedverymuchbysomething, Thecitizenswereappalledatthekingsbrutality. becauseitisextremelyunpleasantorbad / pld/ anobjectthatwasmadealongtimeagoandis YoullfindPolynesianartefacts ,andprobablyencountermostof historicallyimportant,forexampleatoolorweapon Pitcairnsresidents. / (r)tfkt/ verygreatsurprise Someministersexpressed astonishmentthattheycouldno longertravelfirstclass. / stnmnt/ basedonthebest,mostcomplete,andmostreliable Thatmeanscitingverifiable, authoritativesources,especiallyon information controversialtopicsandwhenthesubjectisalivingperson. /rttv/ unabletounderstandsomething,puzzled Shahrazadsdecisiontoseethekingleftherfatherfeeling baffled. / bf()ld/
11 6 6 6
11
131
7 11
www.macmillanenglish.com/global
A 19 balanced* 20 bemusement 21 tosomeonesbemusement 22 bewildered 23 bit** 24 abit
adjective noun phrase adjective noun phrase
/ blnst/ /bmju zmnt/ /tu smwnz bmju zmnt/ /bwld(r)d/ /bt/ / bt/
consideringallarguments,opinions,oraspectsfairly Thewebsitehasanofficialnonbiaspolicy,andarticlesmust andequally presentabalancedviewofatopic. confusion Hehadalookof bemusementtheentiretimehewasatthe conference. makingsomeonefeelconfused Tohisbemusement,thecrowdwasrunningthewrongway. confusedandnotcertainwhattodo Shahrazadsdecisiontoseethekingleftherfatherfeeling bewildered. Hehadbitsoffoodstuckinbetweenhisteeth.
11
slightlyoralittle Icantdo1.00canwemakeitabitlater? abiographicalweblog:atypeofdiary(=recordof Blogshavebroughtaboutanelevationoftheroleofamateurs. whatsomeonedoeseachday)onawebsitethatis changedregularly,togivethelatestnews.Thepage usuallycontainssomeonespersonalopinions, commentsandexperiences. theimaginaryplaceontheinternetwherepeoples blogsgosothatotherpeoplecanreadthemand reacttothem todevelopandbecomemoresuccessful Manyintheblogosphereseemsuspiciousoffundedor engineeredcontent.
14
25 blog
noun
/bl/
26 blogosphere 27 blossom
noun verb
/ blsf(r)/ / bls()m/
7 Theirromance blossomedonatriptoKeyWest.
somethingsuchasalineonamapthatmarkswhere ArtknowsnoboundariesforBritishsculptorJasondeCaires oneareaoflandendsandanotherbegins Taylor.

28 boundary** 29 pushbacktheboundaries 30 breathtaking* 31 broaden* 32 capsule
noun phrase adjective verb noun
/ band()ri/ /p bk band()ri z/ / bre tek/ / brd()n/ / kpsju l/
129 todiscovernewthingsaboutsomethingorabetter wayofdoingit extremelyimpressiveorbeautiful tomakesomethingincludemorethingsorpeople thepartofaspacevehicleinwhichpeopletravel chockaisaninformalwayofsayingthataplace, road,etcisfullofpeopleorblockedwithcars Wewanttomakenewdiscoveriesand pushbackboundaries. 153 TheunmannedVoyagerspacecraftleftoursolarsystemyearsago atabreathtaking37,000milesperhour. Thishasnotonlybroadenedmyoutlookbutalsoenabledmeto adapteasilytonewenvironments. Theywerethenresealedina capsuleandreturnedtoEarth. Youllprobablybetherebeforemebecauseitspretty chockaon themotorway. 154 amemberofthepublicwhousesamobilephoneor Newsorganisationsarecryingoutfor citizenjournalists,asking videocameratorecordnewseventsonfilm thepublictohelpmakethenews. 13 16 13
33 chocka
adjective
/ k(r)/
34 citizenjournalist 35 click*
noun verb
/ stz()n /klk/
d(r)nlst/ tomakeacomputerdosomethingbypressinga buttononthemouse Thepolicemanclickedthehandcuffsroundhiswrists.
topressabuttononthemousetoconnectto anotherfileorsection,forexampleonawebsite
36 clickonalink 37 collectiveintelligence 38 completely*** 39 content*** 40 contribution***
Toapplyforthisposition,simply clickonthelinkbelow.
phrase noun adverb noun noun
/ klk n
lk/ thecombinedinformationandknowledgeshared betweenagroupofpeople usedforemphasis,forexample: theoperationwas completelysuccessful anymaterial,suchaswriting,pictures,ormusic,that appearsonawebsiteorCDROM astoryorarticlethatyouhavewrittenfora newspaper,magazine,orwebsite acontroversialsubject,opinion,ordecisionisone thatpeopledisagreeaboutordonotapproveof theskillinvolvedinmakingsomethingbeautifulor practicalusingyourhands abletobebelievedortrusted Withthisproliferationofusergeneratedcontenthascomethe notionofa collectiveintelligence. Hewascompletelydevastatedsoheorderedherexecution. Usergenerated contentmayreplacethecontributionsofexperts. 6 Usergeneratedcontentmayneverreplacethe contributionsof experts. Allarticlesmuststriveforverifiableaccuracy,especiallyon controversialtopics. Examplesofextraordinary craftsmanshipandingenuitywere madeavailableforscientificstudy. Manyintheblogosphereseemsuspiciousofengineeredcontent thatis,researchedand crediblecontent. Theexhibitsare currentlybeingstoredinthecellarwhilethe museumisbeingrenovated. Imustsayshewasadelighttoteach. Hewascompletelydevastatedsoheorderedherexecution. 11 Localpeopleexpressedtheir dismayatthesizeofthepayrise. thefeelingofbeingveryworried,disappointedor sadaboutsomethingsurprisingorshockingthathas happened tomakesomethingsuchasinformationor Thisdoesnotmeanthatwearewitnessingtheriseofacollective knowledgeavailabletoalotofpeople intelligencethatwilldevelopand disseminateideasacrossthe globe. extremelyworried,upset,orconfused Hewasdistraughtsoheorderedherexecution. MaybeIlldosomegardening. Icantdo1.00canwemakeitabitlater? usedwhenmakingplanstosaythatatime,dayor datedoesnotsuityou,forexample: Icantdo Wednesday tomoveinformation(forexampleafile,animage,a Youcandownloadthissoftwareforfree. video)toyourcomputer,phone,etc.fromanother computer,system,phone,etc. justbeginningtoexistorbenoticed Suchcontentshouldnotbeelevatedtothegrandiosestatusofan emergentcollectiveintelligence. filledwithastrongemotionsuchasexcitementor Museumsholdupthisnotionofideasforinspectionby nervousness presentingemotionallychargedfacts. 6 6 11
/k lektv n teld()ns/ /km pli tli/ / kntent/ / kntrbju ()n/
41 controversial** 42 craftsmanship
adjective noun
/ kntr v(r)()l/ / krftsmnp/
7 153
43 credible* 44 currently*** 45 delight** 46 devastated
adjective adverb noun adjective
/ kredb()l/ / krntli/ /dlat/ / dev stetd/ atthepresenttime afeelingofgreathappinessandpleasure feelingveryshockedandupset
7 9
47 dismay
noun
/ds me/
48 disseminate 49 distraught 50 do***
verb adjective verb
/dsemnet/ /dstrt/ /du /
7 11 14
51 Icantdo...
phrase
/a
knt
du /
14
52 download 53 emergent 54 emotionallycharged
verb adjective adjective
/ dan ld/ /m(r)d()nt/ /m()nli t(r)dd/
7 153
A 55 engage**
verb
/n ed/
toattractandkeepsomeonesinterestorattention toarrangeforsomethingtohappen,especiallyina usefulandskilfulway
Museumsshouldaimto engagepeopleemotionally. 8 Governmentofficialsmanagedto engineerameetingbetween thetwoambassadors. Thekingwasenragedtolearnofhiswifesbetrayal. Museumentrancefeesarebecomingmoreandmoreexpensive. 11 9
56 engineer 57 enraged 58 entrancefee 59 chargeanentrancefee 60 euphoric 61 exhibit
verb adjective noun phrase adjective noun
/ endn(r)/ /n redd/ / entrns fi /
extremelyangry
/ t(r)d n /ju frk/
tomakemembersofthepublicpaymoneytovisita Mostmuseumsdonot chargeanentrancefee. entrns fi / museum,artgallery,etc. feelingextremelyhappy,usuallyforashorttimeonly ThevizierwaseuphoricwhenShahrazadslifewasspared. anobjectthatispartofanexhibition apublicshowwhereartorotherinterestingthings areputsothatpeoplecangoandlookatthem Theexhibitsarecurrentlybeingstoredinthecellarwhilethe museumisbeingrenovated. Describeaninterestingorunusualexhibitortemporary exhibitionyouhaveseeninamuseum. Museumsperformthefunctionofcreatingandengaging knowledgethrough experimentalprojects. Increasingly,collectiveintelligenceisseenaspreferableto professionalexpertise. Whilemanyscientistsspeculatethat extraterrestriallifeexists,so farthereisnoconclusiveevidencetoproveit. Reportsof extrajudicialkillingsbythegovernmentwerealarming tothegenerallypeacefulcountry. Examplesofextraordinarycraftsmanshipandingenuitywere madeavailableforscientificstudy. Eyewitnessesdescribethemanastallwithbrownhair. Professionalexpertsstillhaveavitalroletoplayindecidingabout theaccuracyandimportanceof facts. ShethoughtIwasfromSpain,but infactImfromMexico.
9 11 9
/zbt/
62 exhibition*** 63 experimental** 64 expertise**
noun adjective noun
/ eksb()n/ /k sperment()l/ / eksp(r) ti z/ usingnewideasormethodsthatarenotyetproved tobesuccessfuleverytime specialskillorknowledgethatyougetfrom experience,training,orstudy outsideorbeyondsomething:usedwithsome adjectives,forexample extraterrestrial ,extramarital notwithintheusualpowersofthelaw veryunusualandsurprising someonewhohasseensomethinghappen, especiallyacrimeoranaccident
8 153 7
65 extra 66 extrajudicial 67 extraordinary** 68 eyewitness 69 fact***
prefix adjective adjective noun noun
/ ekstr/ / ekstrdd()l/ /k str(r)d()n()ri/ / awtns/ /fkt/ usedwhenyouareaddingsomethingtowhatyou havejustsaid,especiallysomethingsurprising
13
153
70 in(actual)fact 71 fairly*** 72 farafield 73 furtherafield
phrase adverb adverb phrase
/n
ktul
fkt/ tosomedegree,butnotcompletelyorextremely Hisstatementexplainsthesituation fairlywell. Thesalonattractsclientsfromas farafieldasSwansea. Wereexhaustingallourresourceshereandweneedtofind thingsfurtherafield.
/ fe(r)li/ / f(r) fi ld/ / f(r)(r) fi ld/ faraway,especiallyfromwhereyouliveorare staying longerdistancesaway,especiallyfromhome
153
someonewhodecideswhetherornotsomethingis suitableforpublicationonawebsite
74 filter**
Thenewwebworldcanonlyfulfilitstruepotentialthroughmore filtersonthequalityofthecontentgenerated. 7 Mypracticaltraininginconflictmediationwas followedbya theoreticalexamtoregisterattheDutchMediationInstitute.
noun
/ flt(r)/
75 follow*** 76 followalink 77 furious** 78 fury* 79 glaring 80 great*** 81 thatsoundsgreat! 82 grotty 83 groundbreaking
verb phrase adjective noun adjective adjective phrase adjective adjective
/ fl/ / fl / fjris/ / fjri/ / ler/ /ret/ /t sandz / rti/ / ran(d) brek/ lk/ toconnecttoadifferentfileorsection,forexample Formoredetails,please followthelinkbelow. onawebsite extremelyangry Thekingwasabsolutelyfurioustolearnofhiswifesbetrayal.
16
11 afeelingofverystrongangerthatusuallydoesnot lastverylong aglaringlightshinesverybrightlyinawaythat makesyoufeeluncomfortable Shewasspeechlesswithfury. Thelichensurvivedexposuretothevacuumofspaceaswellas theglaringultravioletradiationoftheSun. Wikipediaisstillagreatentrypointforfindinginformation. Dinnerandamovie thatsoundsgreat! Imgoingtopaintthebathroom,whichisgettingreally grotty. 154 usingnewmethods,orachievingnewresults handsonexperienceortraininginvolvesyoudoing somethingratherthanjustreadingaboutitor watchingotherpeopledoit extremelysadandupset connectedwithhistoryorthepast Withoutthosekindof groundbreakingexplorations,wewont discoverthethingsthatmakelifeeasiertolive. Theinternshipprovidedtheinvaluable handsonexperiencehe neededtogetajobasamechanic. Hewascompletelyheartbrokensoheorderedherexecution. 11 Thepaintingdepictsanactual historicalevent. 11 153
13 6
ret/
usedforexpressingpleasureoragreement dirtyorunpleasant
84 handson 85 heartbroken 86 historical*** 87 horrified 88 horror** 89 host**
adjective adjective adjective adjective noun noun
/ hndz n/ / h(r)t brkn/ /hstrk()l/ / hrfad/ / hr(r)/ /hst/
veryshockedorfrightened Thecitizenswereutterlyhorrifiedatthekingsbrutality. astrongfeelingofshockorfearcausedbysomething Thefullhorroroflastnighthadcomerushingback. extremelyunpleasant Theyhadbroughtapresentfortheir hosts. toarrangeaspecialeventandprovidethearea, buildings,equipment,orservicesneededforit Museumsplayhosttotemporaryexhibitionsaswellaslive events.
90 playhosttosomething
phrase
/ple
hst tu
sm/ asmallareaonacomputerscreenthatyouclickon inordertomakethecomputerperformanaction Collegestudentsoftengotothelocal hotspottounwindaftera longweek.
153
91 hotspot
noun
/ h t
spt/ Sheworedarksunglassesafterhersurgerybecausehereyes morethanusualornormal:usedwithsome adjectivesandnounstomakeadjectivesandnouns, werehypersensitivetolight. forexample hypersensitive ,hyperinflation
92 hyper
prefix
/ hap(r)/
A 93 incensed 94 inconsequential 95 increasingly*** 96 ingenuity
adjective adjective adverb noun
/n senst/
/n knskwen()l/ /n kri s li/ / nd nju ti/
97 initiative***
noun
/ntv/
98 inter
prefix
/n t(r)/
Thekingwasincensedtolearnofhiswifesbetrayal. Itsbillions,butitsinconsequentialtotherewardsoffindingout aboutusasthehumanrace. moreandmoreoveraperiodoftime Andincreasingly,collectiveintelligenceisseenaspreferableto professionalexpertise. theabilitytosolveproblemsinnewandcleverways Examplesofextraordinarycraftsmanshipand ingenuitycouldall begatheredtogether. theabilitytodecideinanindependentwaywhatto Workingasavolunteerguideonholidaysforpeoplewitha doandwhentodoit disabilitytaughtmehowtotakethe initiative,andtakethelead inacrisis. Theinternetisoftencelebratedforgivingavoicetoanybodyand between:usedwithsomenouns,verbsand everybody. adjectives,forexample international , interdependence 1.aninteractivecomputerprogram,videoetcreacts Achild'sdevelopmentisan interactiveprocess. totheinformationandinstructionsthatyougiveit 2.involvingpeoplecommunicatingwitheachother andreactingtoeachother iftwothingsareinterchangeable,youcanputeach Theterms'thesis'and'dissertation'wereatonetime oneofthemintheplacewheretheotherwas,oryou interchangeable. canuseoneinsteadoftheother,andtheeffectwill bethesame veryinteresting,especiallybecauseofbeingstrange Theideaofcollectiveintelligenceisintriguing. ormysterious Ithinkitsimportanttofindoutaboutthethingsweknow little about. toasmalldegree WhymightRobarrive alittlelater? toarrangeororganisesomething Newsorganisationsarecryingoutforcitizenjournalists,asking thepublictohelp makethenews. usedtosuggestanalterationtothetimewhen Icantdo1.00canwemakeitabitlater? makingaplan manyorseveral:usedwithsomeadjectivesand nouns,forexample multilingual ,multimillionaire Manychildrentodaygrowupin multilingualhouseholds.
extremelyangry notimportant
11 153 7 153
16
99 interactive*
adjective
/ ntr ktv/
100 interchangeable 101 intriguing 102 little*** 103 alittle 104 make***
adjective adjective adverb phrase verb
/ nt(r) tendb()l/ /n tri / / lt()l/ / lt()l/ /mek/
6 153 14 7
105 canwemakeitabitearlier/later/soonphrase
/kn wi mek t bt (r)li(r), let(r), su n(r)/
14
106 multi 107 mystified 108 neutral** 109 nonbias 110 nowadays**
prefix adjective adjective noun adverb
/mlti/ / mstfad/ / nju trl/ / n n bas/ ifyouaremystifiedbysomething,youcannot understandorexplainit notsupportingaparticularsideinanargumentor disagreement absenceofbias(=aspecialinterestorabilityina particularthing,oraparticulartendency) atthepresenttime,notinthepast Shahrazadsdecisiontoseethekingleftherfatherfeeling mystified. Wikipediahasaneutralpointofview. Thewebsitehasanofficialnonbiaspolicy,andarticlesmust presentabalancedviewofatopic. SiteslikeWikipediahaveremovedtheneedforexpertknowledge nowadays. 11 7 6 6
/ na dez/
A 111 nubile 112 orbit
adjective verb
/ nju bal/ / (r)bt/
ayoungwomanwhoisnubileissexuallyattractive tomovearoundalargeobjectinspacesuchasa planet alivingthingsuchasaperson,animal,orplant, especiallyanextremelysmalllivingthing thefinalresultofaprocess,meeting,activity,etc extremelypleased usedforemphasisingtheamountorstrengthof something theprocessofawriterspeers(=someonewho belongstothesamesocialorprofessionalgroupas anotherperson)studyingorexaminingasituation, policy,article,orideaagaininordertodecide whetheritissuitableorsatisfactory goodatmakingpeopleagreetodoorbelievewhat youwantthemto awayofjudgingasituationbasedonaparticular aspect after,orlaterthan:usedwithmanynouns,verbsor adjectives,forexample postimpressionist,post dated toputinformation(forexample,ablogentry, comment,orphoto)ontheinternet 1fairly 2very relatingtoaveryearlystageinthedevelopmentof humans,animals,orplants showingahighlevelofskillortraining alargenumberofaparticularthing 1fairlybutnotvery theamountofmoneythatsomeonewantstobe paidbeforetheywillletapersonwhotheyare keepingprisonergofree toafairlylargedegree
Theyfledawaywiththeirdaughtersuntiltherewereno nubile girlsleftinthecity. Weknowtherearemanyothersunswithplanets orbitingthem. Someorganismscansurviveinspacewithoutanykindof protectivecovering.
153 12
113 organism** 114 outcome*** 115 overjoyed 116 overwhelmingly*
noun noun adjective adverb
/ (r) nz()m/ / at km/ / v(r) dd/ / v(r) welmli/ Iwasinchargeoffinancingandoverseeingthefinal outcomesof theprojects. ThevizierwasoverjoyedwhenShahrazadslifewasspared. Theonlyproblemisthatsuchamissionwouldbe overwhelmingly expensive. Teachersintrainingbenefitgreatlyfrominstructorevaluationsas wellaspeerreviewsandstudentfeedback.
12 16 11 12
117 peerreview 118 persuasive* 119 pointofview**
noun adjective noun
/ p(r) rvju / /p(r) swesv/ / pnt v vju / Theideaofcollectiveintelligenceispersuasive. 6 Wikipediahasaneutral pointofview. 7 Mostbusinesseswillnotacceptpostdatedcheques.
120 post 121 post** 122 pretty*** 123 124 primitive** 125 professional*** 126 proliferation 127 quite***
prefix verb adverb
/pst/ /pst/ / prti/
Icanbringtothe postaproventrackrecordinsuccessfulteam management. Imprettysuretherewillbemuseums. SomeformoflifeexistsbeyondEarth,atleastin primitiveform.
16 153
adjective adjective noun adverb
/ prmtv/ /pr fe()nl/ /pr lf re()n/ /kwat/
12 Professionalexpertsstillhaveavitalroletoplayindecidingabout theaccuracyoffacts. Withthisproliferationofusergeneratedcontenthascomethe notionofacollectiveintelligence. Iquiteoftengototheexhibitions. EitherIshallliveorelseIshallbea ransomforthechildrenofthe Muslimsandsavethemfromhim.' I'mfeelingrathertired. 6 6 9
128 ransom 129 rather***
noun adverb
/ rns()m/ / r(r)/
153
130 relief***
noun
/rli f/
It'sahugerelieftoknowthateveryoneissafe. arelaxedandhappyfeelingyougetbecause somethingbadhasnothappenedorabadsituation hasended tomakesomethingoldlooknewagainbyrepairing Theexhibitsarecurrentlybeingstoredinthecellarwhilethe andimprovingit,especiallyabuilding museumisbeingrenovated. 9 sillyorunreasonableanddeservingtobelaughedat Theideaofcollectiveintelligenceisridiculous. 6 1thoroughandcareful 2strictorsevere verysurprisedandupsetbysomethingbadthat happensunexpectedly notverymuch,onlyalittle tosomedegreebutnottoalargedegree Thenewwebworldcansurelyonlyfulfilitstruepotentialthrough morerigorousstandards. Thecitizenswereshockedatthekingsbrutality. 11 Ifeelslightlybettertoday. 7
131 renovate 132 ridiculous** 133 rigorous* 134 135 shocked* 136 slightly*** 137 somewhat*** 138 sorrow 139 specimen** 140 speculate* 141 speechless
verb adjective adjective
/ renvet/ /rdkjls/ / rrs/
adjective adverb adverb noun noun verb adjective
/kt/ / slatli/ / smwt/ / sr/ / spesmn/ / spekjlet/ / spi tls/
ThekingwassomewhatsurprisedwhenDunyazadarrivedtosee hersister. greatsadness Thekingwasfuriousandovercomewithrageand sorrow. anexampleofsomething,especiallyofaplantoran Specimensandsamplesfrompartsoftheworldweremade animal availableforscientificstudy. toconsiderordiscusswhysomethinghashappened Manyscientistsspeculatethatextraterrestriallifeexists. orwhatmighthappen sosurprised,upset,orangrythatyoucannotthinkof Thecitizenswereleftspeechlessbythekingsbrutality. anythingtosay Thepupils'ownexperiencescanbeauseful starterfordiscussion.
11 153 153 13 11
142 starter* 143 forstarters
noun phrase
/ st(r)t(r)/ / f(r) st (r)t(r)z/ asthebeginningorfirststageofsomething 1onesmallpartofalargerthing:used withsomenouns,forexample subset,subspecies Thegovernmentcouldhaveusedthatmoneytohelppeoplein needforstarters. Theresearchersdressedwarmlyforthe subarctictemperatures. 153
144 sub 145 tele 146 teleshopping 147 temporary*** 148 totally*** 149 trackrecord
prefix prefix noun adjective adverb noun
/sb/ /teli/ / teli p/ / temp()rri/ / tt()li/ / trk rek(r)d/ overadistance:usedwithsomenounsand adjectives,forexample telescope,telegraph thepracticeofsellinggoodsthroughspecial televisionprogrammes existing,done,orusedforonlyalimitedperiodof time completely yourreputation,basedonthethingsthatyouhave done Improved telescopesanddetectorshaveledtothedetectionof dozensofnewplanetarysystems. Teleshoppinghasslowlydeclinedasmoreandmorepeople switchtoonlineshopping. Describeaninterestingorunusualexhibitor temporary exhibitionyouhaveseeninamuseum. Shahrazadsdecisiontoseethekingleftherfatherfeeling totally bewildered. Icanbringtothepostaproven trackrecordinsuccessfulteam management. 13
8 11 16
A 150 Twitter 151 ultra 152 ultramodern
noun prefix adjective
/ twt(r)/ /ltr/ / ltr md(r)n/
anonlinesocialnetworkingservice extremely:usedwithmanyadjectives,forexample ultrarightwing,ultracautious extremelymodern ultrasonicsoundsaresoundsthathumanscannot hearbecausetheyhaveveryhighfrequencies
NewwordsarecomingintoEnglishallthetime,especiallyonthe internet(blog,Twitter,unfriend). Thelichensurvivedexposuretotheglaring ultravioletradiation oftheSun. Herantiquefurniturecontrastedthe ultramoderndesignofthe house. Specialisedcarhornsuse ultrasonictechnologytodriveaway deer.
15 13
153 ultrasonic 154 unfriend 155 unicorn
adjective verb noun
/ ltr snk/ /n frend/ / ju nk(r)n/ Shewasupsetthatherlongtimefriend unfriendedheronthe socialnetworkingsite. animaginarycreaturelikeahorsewithasinglelong AlmosteveryRenaissancemuseumhada unicornshorn. hornonitshead 1toaddthemostrecentinformationto Thedatabase updatesautomaticallywhennewinformationis entered. somethingsuchasabook,document,list,blogor socialnetworkingprofile tosendafile,videoorimagefromyourcomputerto Highspeedinternetconnectionsmakeiteasyto uploadand alargersystemusingtheinternet downloadpicturesquickly. ifthecontentofawebsiteisusergenerated,itis createdbymembersofthepublic completely:oftenusedforemphasisinghowbad someoneorsomethingis reasonableandgenerallyaccepted theplacewhereanactivityoreventhappens Usergeneratedcontentmayreplacethecontributionsofexperts. 6 Thecitizenswereutterlyhorrifiedbythekingsbrutality. 11 7 8 7 toremoveacontactfromasocialnetworkingsite
153
156 update**
verb
/p det/
157 upload** 158 usergenerated 159 utterly*** 160 valid** 161 venue** 162 verifiable 163 verify 164 very*** 165 vet 166 visit*** 167 vizier 168 weakness**
verb adjective adverb adjective noun adjective verb adverb verb verb noun noun
/ p ld/ / ju z(r) / t(r)li/ / vld/ / venju / / verfab()l/ / verfa/ / veri/ /vet/ / vzt/ /vz(r)/ / wi kns/ denretd/
Allopinionsareequally valid. Morepeoplearegoingtopublicculturalinstitutionsthesedays thanaregoingtosporting venues. abletobecheckedorproved Allarticlesmuststriveforverifiableaccuracy. tocheckortoprovethatsomethingistrueorcorrect Therewasnowaytoverifyhisclaims. completely:oftenusedforemphasisinghowbad someoneorsomethingis toexaminesomethinginordertodecideifitis allowed touseawebsiteorblog animportantgovernmentofficialinsomeMuslim countriesinthepast afaultorproblemthatmakessomethingor someonelesseffectiveorattractive accessibleusingtheinternet Theirfatherathisdeathleftthema verymoderatefortune.
11 Articlesarevettedforaccuracyandappropriatenessbyapanelof expertsontheWikipediaEditorialBoard. Today,moreandmoreyoungpeopleare visitingmuseums. ThevizierwasoverjoyedwhenShahrazadslifewasspared. 11 Despiteitsweaknesses,Wikipediaisstillagreatentrypointfor findinginformation. ThefirstwebbasedwikiwascreatedbyWardCunninghamin 1995toenablecomputerprogrammerstoshareideasonline. 6 6 9
169 webbased
adjective
/ web
best/
170 wiki 171 youngster** 172 Unit2
noun noun
/ wki/ / jst(r)/
awebsitewhichallowsitsreaderstofreelyaddand Awikiisawebsitethatallowstheeasycreationandeditingof webpages. editcontentandtocreatelinksbetweendifferent piecesofcontent achildorayoungperson Somemuseumshavefoundthemselvesabsolutelycrowdedwith youngstersintheevening. tohelpsomethingprogressandbecomemore developedorsuccessful Beforehecould advanceanotherstep,themenranaway.
6 153
advance**
173 174 175 176
verb adjective adjective noun
/d vns/ / fred/ /l t(r)ntv/ /m b()n/ frightened,forexamplebecauseyoufeelyouarein danger differentfromsomethingelseandabletobeused insteadofit somethingthatyouverymuchwanttodo,usually somethingthatisdifficulttoachieve tosucceedindoingsomethingthatyouverymuch wanttodo Imafraidofthedark. 24 Wearenowlookingforan alternativemethod. Hisambitionwastobecomeasuccessfulwriter. Hewasonthevergeof fulfillinghisambitionwhenonedayhis mothersuddenlyannouncedthattheywouldbeleaving. 24 somethingthatmakesitcomfortableorenjoyableto Amenitiesincludeagym,apool,andajacuzzi. liveorworksomewhere
afraid*** alternative*** ambition** fulfilanambition
177
phrase
/fl fl n m b()n/
amenity
178 179 180 181 182 183 184
noun / mi nti/
anxious** apprehensive arouse** as*** assoonas... background** balance***
adjective adjective verb conjunction phrase noun noun
/ ks/ / prhensv/ / raz/ /z/, /z/ /z su n z/
Thenoiseofcarswhooshingbyleftmefeelinginsecureand apprehensive. tocauseanemotionorattitude Theycantseeanything,sotheirothersensesarekindof aroused. usedforsayingthatsomethinghappensatthesame Asthesunsinksbehindthehorizon,yourworldisinstantly timeassomethingelse plungedintogloom. immediatelyaftersomethinghashappened AssoonasIsawthemancomingtowardsme,Istartedrunning. thepartofapictureorpatternthatisbehindthe mainpeopleorthingsinit asituationinwhichdifferentaspectsorfeaturesare treatedequallyorexistinthecorrectrelationshipto eachother 1tohitsomethinghard,makingaloud noise 2tomove,makingloudnoises tomaketheshortloudsoundthatadogmakes Whatelsecanyouseeintheforegroundandthe background?
worriedbecauseyouthinksomethingbadmight happen slightlyworriedornervous
Imfeelinganxiousabouttheinterviewtomorrow. 24 23 155 20 28 18 Womanwitha Balance isoneofVermeersfinestpaintings. 19 Iheardadoor bang. 23 Thereweredogsplayfully barkinginthedistanceduringourstroll inanimaginarypark.
/ bk rand/
185 186 187 188
/ blns/ bang* verb /b/
bark*
verb
/b(r)k/
23
A 189
blind** bound**
adjective adjective
/bland/
unabletosee
Itisdesignedtogivesightedpeopleaninsightintotheexperience ofbeingblind. Bysigningthecontract,youagreetobe boundbyitsterms.
22
190
/band/ somethingthatisboundtohappenwillalmost certainlyhappen,somethingthatisboundnotto happenwillalmostcertainlynothappen Oilisboundtorunoutinmylifetime.
boundto.../boundnotto...
191 192 193 194 195
phrase brainchild breath*** holdyourbreath bright***

1
/ band tu / / band nt tu / / bren tald/ /bre/ / hld j(r) /brat/ /bz/ / bz v knv(r) se()n/ bre/
21 acleversystem,organisation,orplanthatsomeone DialogueintheDark isthebrainchildofGermanentrepreneur thinksofanddevelops AndreasHeinecke. Hecouldfeelhercool breathonhisface. tobreatheinandnotlettheairoutagainforsome time fullofstrongshininglight Hehadbeenpractisingdivingand holdinghisbreathsothathe, too,wouldbeabletogothroughthetunnel. Iwasthrownfrom brightsunshineintocompletedarkness. Inthesummer,hecanheartheconstant buzzoftheair thesoundofalotofpeopletalkingatthesametime Iheard thebuzzofconversation. 23 1whenaninsectsuchasaflyorbee togetcontrolofsomething difficulttodealwithorachieve,butinterestingand enjoyable thepossibilitythatsomethingwillhappen Myheadwasstillbuzzinghoursafterleavingthenightclub. Policeofficersfinallycorneredand capturedthedog. Itaimstoevokeinthevisitorsextraordinaryandpowerful emotionsthatarementally challenging. Computersallowpeopletolinkup,communicateanddo business,andthusstanda chanceofcompetinginglobalmarkets. 22
noun noun phrase adjective noun phrase verb verb adjective noun
24 23
196 buzz 197
thebuzzofconversation
2
198 buzz 199 200
/bz/ / kpt(r)/ / tlnd/
capture** challenging chance***
22
201 202 203
/tns/ /e(r)z t/ /t(r)p/
20 str tns Theresastrongchancethatthousandsofspeciesofplantsand animalswillsoonbecomeextinct. whenabirdoraninsectchirps,itmakesashorthigh Therewerebirds chirpingduringourstrollinanimaginarypark. sound ifahardobjectclatters,orifyouclatterit,itmakes Thesoundofwater clatteringontomarblestonescamefrommy left. severalloudshortnoisesasithitsagainstanother hardobjectorsurface tomakeashortsoundlikethesoundwhenyoupress Thecamerascontinued clickingastheydroveaway. aswitch Theairlinewillhavetofindawayto compensatethefamiliesof thevictims. tochangeorremovethebadresultofsomething ItwasasifmysenseswerecompensatingfortheoneIhadleft behind. itisverypossiblethat... 21 23
theresastrongchancethat... chirp clatter
phrase verb verb
204 205 206 207
/ klt(r)/ click* compensate** compensateforsomethingphrase verb verb /klk/ / kmpnset/ / kmpnset f(r) sm/
23
23
consume**
208 209
verb /kn sju m/ noun
touseasupplyofsomethingsuchastime,energy,or Ahugeoutlayisrequiredtoinstallpanelslargeenoughto fuel producealltheelectricity consumedbytheaveragehousehold. 20 Whereenergyconsumptionislower,panelsarerelatively inexpensivetoproduceandinstall. Injustonehourthesuniscapableofproducingenoughpowerto fueltheworldscurrentannual energyconsumption. 20
consumption** energyconsumption
/kn smp()n/ theamountofenergythatpeopleuse
210 211
phrase crackle creak verb verb
/ en(r)di kn smp()n/ / krk()l/ tomakecontinuousshortsoundslikethesoundof Theradiobeganto crackle. woodburning ifsomethingcreaks,especiallysomethingwooden,it Thechaircreakedasshesatdown. makesahighnoisewhenitmovesorwhenyouput weightonit areductioninsomething Lookatallthecutstheyremakingintheartsatthemoment.
20
212 213
/kri k/ cut*** cutthroat noun adjective /kt/
155 acutthroatactivityorsituationisoneinwhich peoplebehaveinanunfairorimmoralwayinorder togetanadvantageoverotherpeople ifsomethingdauntsyou,itmakesyouworried becauseyouthinkthatitwillbeverydifficultor dangeroustodo adazzlinglightissobrightthatitmakesyouunable toseeforashortperiodoftime notabletohearanything,ornotabletohearvery well tobeafeatureorqualitythatshowsexactlywhat someoneorsomethingislike withoutanydoubt Therecentgraduatefoundithardtogetusedtothe cutthroat businessworld. IadmitI'm dauntedbythejob,butI'mgoingtotrymybest.
214
/ kt rt/
daunt
215 216 217 218 219 220
verb adjective adjective verb adverb noun verb adjective phrase verb adjective
/dnt/ / dzl/ /def/ /dfan/ / def()ntli/ /dpendns/
dazzling deaf** define*** definitely** dependence** destroy***
Icouldbarelyseeinthe dazzlingmiddaysun. She'sbeentotally deafsincebirth. Noonehasdefinedthescopeoftheproject.
Theworldsgovernmentswilldefinitelyfindwaystohaltclimate changeinthenearfuture. asituationinwhichyouneedsomeoneorsomething Solarpowercouldbethekeytoreducingourcurrent dependence inordertoliveorsucceed onfossilfuels. todamagesomethingsoseverelythatitnolonger Halftheworld'srainforestshavealreadybeen destroyed. existsorcanneverreturntoitsnormalstate Ourguideproceededtoleadusthroughaworld devoidofvisual stimuli. Ourguideproceededtoleadusthroughaworld devoidofvisual stimuli. Hewasalreadydevouringdetectivefictionasayoungchild.
21 20
221 222 223
/dstr/ /dvd/ /dvd v/ lackingsomething,especiallyagoodquality toeatorusesomethingveryfast 23 23
devoid devoidof devour
224 225
/dva(r)/ /dm/ dimlightisnotbright Inmanydevelopingcountries,choresandschoolworkmustbe donebythe dim,flickeringlightofacandle. 20
dim
disability**
226 227 228 229
noun adjective noun verb adjective adjective noun
/ ds blti/ /dskri t/ /ds rin te()n/ /dav/
discrete disorientation dive** dizzy
230 231
/ dzi/ /d mestk/
domestic*** doubt***
Mybrainstruggledwithhavingtopiecetogether discretetouch sensationsinordertoidentifythewhole. confusionaboutwhereyouareorwhatdirectionyou Disorientationdoesnotbegintodescribetheexperienceof aremovingin suddenlybeingrobbedofyourmajorsensoryorgan. toswimunderwater,usuallyusingspecialequipment Hehadbeenobservingthem divethroughanunderground sothatyoucanbreathe tunnelandcomeouttheotherside. Hisnosebledsobadlythatheturned dizzy. feelingasifyouorthethingsaroundyouare spinning,especiallywhenyouthinkyouaregoingto fall relatingtopeopleshomesandfamilylife JohannesVermeerwasaDutchpainterwhospecialisedin domesticinteriorscenesofmiddleclasslife. afeelingofnotbeingcertainaboutsomething Thereseemstobesome doubtastowhetherthisislegal.
aconditioninwhichsomeoneisnotabletousea partoftheirbodyorbrainproperly,forexample becauseofaninjury separate
Howfardoyouthinkyourlearninginstitutioncaterstotheneeds ofpeoplewitha disability? 23 23 23 24
154 18
232
thereislittle/nodoubtthat...
233 234 235 236
phrase drift** drown** emission** carbonemissions verb verb noun
237 238
phrase exhaustemissions zeroemissions phrase
239 240 241 encounter**
phrase encompass verb noun verb noun
enhance**
242 243
enlightenment
/dat/ itisalmostcertain/certainthat... /e(r) z lt()l dat t/, /e(r) z n dat t/ tobepushedalongveryslowlybythemovementof airorwater /drft/ tosinkunderwateranddie /dran/ asubstance,especiallyagas,thatgoesintotheair /m()n/ carbondioxideandcarbonmonoxideinthe atmosphere,producedbyvehiclesandindustrial processes / k(r)bn m()nz/ gasesfromavehiclesengine /zst m()nz/ vehiclesthathavezeroemissionsdonotproduce substancesthatdamagetheatmosphere / zr m()nz/ toincludealotofpeopleorthings /n kmps/ /n kant(r)/ anexperienceordiscoveryofaparticularkind toimprovesomething,ortomakeitmoreattractive ormorevaluable /n hns/ theprocessofexplainingorunderstanding somethingclearly /n lat()nmnt/
Theresnodoubtthatwewillhavediscoverednewsourcesofoil bythemiddleofthecentury. 21 Hedriftedtothesurface,hisfaceturneduptotheair. 24 Hemustgoonintotheblacknessahead,orhewould drown. 24 Itishighlylikelythatglobaltemperatureswillriseifwedonot curbgreenhouse emissions. Wemustalldoourparttocutharmful carbonemissions. 21
Carmanufacturershopetoreduce exhaustemissionsby30% withinthenextthreeyears. Itislikelythatallvehiclemanufacturerswillmakeatleastone zeroemissionsvehiclewithinthedecade. Thestudentdebateswill encompassarangeofsubjects. Theonlywaytolearnisthrough encounter. Themeasurestakenshouldconsiderably enhancetheresidents' qualityoflife. ShetravelledtoIndiainsearchof enlightenment. 19 22
A 244 245 246 247
enrich evoke faint** foreground foreseeable
verb verb adjective noun adjective
/n rt/ /vk/ /fent/ / f(r) rand/
tomakesomethingbetterormoreenjoyable tobringaparticularemotion,idea,ormemoryinto yourmind afaintlight,sight,sound,smell,ortasteisnotstrong orclear thefrontpartofasceneorpicture
Doingvolunteerworkhas enrichedmylife. Itaimstoevokeinthevisitorspowerfulemotionsthatare mentallychallenging. Thelightproducesa faintreflectioninthemirror. Whatelsecanyouseeinthe foregroundandthebackground? 18 Theincreaseddemandfororganicproducewasnot foreseeable tenyearsago.
22 154
248
/f(r) si b()l/ /n f(r) si b()l fju t(r)/ atafuturetimethatisnotverydistant,andthatcan Thereisunlikelytobeamajornuclearaccident intheforeseeable beatleastpartlyguessedfrompresentconditions future. 21 afuelsuchascoaloroil,madefromdecayed materialfromanimalsorplantsthatlivedmany thousandsofyearsago Solarpowercouldbethekeytoreducingourcurrentdependence onfossilfuels. 20 Shetalksfranklyaboutherunhappychildhood. / frkli/ usedforemphasizingthatwhatyouareabouttosay Quitefrankly,Idon'tthinktheresanypointinstudyingart. isyourhonestopinion,eventhoughthepersonyou aretalkingtomightnotlikeit feelingorshowingfear,especiallysuddenly Imfrightenedofthedark. totrytohold,move,orfindsomethingusingyour Wehadtofumbleforourwalletsinthepitchblackbar. handsinawaythatisnotskilfulorgraceful tojointogetherinagrouptohurt,frighten,orfight Itwasasifmysenseswereganginguptocompensatefortheone someone Ihadleftbehind. tomakeaviolentefforttobreathebecauseyouneed Hewasgaspinglikeafish. moreair toproducepower Thistimenextyearwewillbeinstallingsolarpanelsto generate energy. toexplode,ortobefired Thegunwentoffwhilehewascleaningit. eating,drinkingorusingmorethanyouneed unabletohearwell togetcontrolofsomethinginordertouseitfora particularpurpose harshcoloursorlightsarenotpleasantbecausethey areverybright tomakealoudnoiseusingahorn,especiallythe hornofacar Shegreedilygrabbedtwobigpiecesofcake. Heishardofhearing,sopleasespeakabitlouder. Thepowerofthesunis harnessedbymeansofphotovoltaicsolar panels. Ilieremembersthe harshlivingconditionsinRomania. Thecarhorns honkingleftmefeelinginsecureandapprehensive. Iloveoldhorrormovies,likeDracula orFrankenstein . 23 27
intheforeseeablefuture
249
phrase fossilfuel noun adverb
250 251
/ fs()l
fju l/
frankly* quitefrankly
252 253 frightened*
phrase adjective verb phrasalverb verb verb phrasalverb adverb adjective verb adjective verb noun
/ kwat frkli/ / frat()nd/
24
fumble*
254 255 256 257
/ fmb()l/ / /sp/ / denret/ / f/ / ri dli/ / h(r)d v / h(r)ns/ /h(r)/ /hk/ / hr(r)/ p/
23 23 24 21
gangup gasp* generate*** gooff
258 259 greedily 260 hardofhearing 261 262
hr/
harness harsh** honk
20
263 264 horror**
A 265 266
haveahorrorof(doing)something house*** household***
phrase verb noun
/hv hr(r) v sm/ /haz/
du tobeveryfrightenedof(doing)something
Hehadahorrorofbeinginaconfinedspace.
tobetheplacewheresomethingiskept,orwherean DialogueintheDark isanexhibition,housedindifferentcentres activityiscarriedout aroundtheworld. thepeoplewholiveinahouseorflatwhentheyare Ahugeoutlayisrequiredtoinstallpanelslargeenoughto consideredasasingleunit producealltheelectricityconsumedbytheaverage household. subjectssuchashistory,literature,andphilosophy thatarebasedonthestudyofhumancultureand ideas peopleingeneral Whatisthevalueofstudying thehumanities?
22
267
/ has hld/
20
humanities,the
268 269
pluralnoun / hju mntiz/ noun adjective adjective adjective adjective adjective
26 21
humankind illuminating
/ hju mn kand/
Inthelongterm, humankindwillprobablyneedtoemigratetoa differentplanet. Wehadavery illuminatingdiscussion,butinthecoldlightofday providingneworusefulinformation,sothat somethingbecomesclearerandeasiertounderstand Irejecthisarguments.
270 271 272 273
/lu mnet/ /m(r)st/ / nkn si vb()l/ /n evtb()l/ ifyouareimmersedinsomething,youspendmostof Iwashavingsmellillusionswhileimmersedinthisworldof yourtimedoingitorthinkingaboutit darkness. impossibletothinkaboutorimagine Itisinconceivablethatglobaltemperatureswillriseifwedonot curbgreenhouseemissions. impossibletoavoidorprevent Itisinevitablethatglobaltemperatureswillriseifwedonotcurb greenhouseemissions. givingalotofinformationinahelpfulway Ilearnedalotfromtheentertainingand informative documentaryonthebenefitsofexercise. apieceofartthatconsistsofseveraldifferent objectsorpicturesarrangedtoproduceaparticular effect theinsidepartofsomething,especiallyabuildingor vehicle feelingnervousorfrightenedofsomeoneor something OlafurEliassonisfamousforhissculpturesand installationsthat makeuseofwater,airandlight.
19 23 21 21
immersed inconceivable inevitable*** informative*
274
/n f(r)mtv/
installation**
275 276 277 278 279 280
noun noun adjective verb phrase noun pluralnoun noun
/ nst le()n/ /n tri(r)/ /n tmdetd/ /dmp/ /t mek smwn
18 JohannesVermeerspecialisedindomestic interiorscenesof middleclasslife. Imfeelingintimidatedbytheamountofworkthatneedsdoing. You'llhavetojumpifyouwanttocatchit. 18 24
interior** intimidated jump*** tomakesomeonejump kerosene latitudes
/ kersi n/
togivesomeoneashockwhichmakesthemsuddenly Loudnoisesmakemejump. dmp/ movetheirbodyslightly aclearoilwithastrongsmellthatisusedforfuel Inmanydevelopingcountries,choresandschoolworkmustbe donebythelightofa kerosenelamp. aplaceorregionataparticularlatitude(=the Thepowerofthesunisasafesourceofenergyinsunny latitudes. distanceofapointontheEarthfromtheequator) OlafurEliassonisfamousforhissculpturesandinstallationsthat makeuseofwater,airand light.
24 20
281 282
/ lttju dz/ /lat/
20 18
light***
A 283
bythelightofsomething inthecoldlightofday
phrase
/ba
lat v
sm/
usingthelightgivenbysomething usedforsayinghowpeoplefeelaboutemotional matterswhentheythinkaboutthemlaterina calmerway becauseofaparticularfact somethingthatmakesyouthinkthatadifficult situationwillimprove Iffactscometolight,peoplediscoverthem. toapprovesomething tothinkofsomeoneinabad/new/differentetcway
Wecouldjustmakeouttheoutlineofthehouse bythelightof themoon. Wehadaveryilluminatingdiscussion,but inthecoldlightofday Irejecthisarguments. Inthelightofthelatestrevelations,thegovernmenthasdecided nottorenewtheircontract. Theprojecthasalreadytakensixmonths,butIcansee thelight attheendofthetunnel. Newfactshavecometolightwhichsuggestthatourearlier hypothesiswaswrong. Thegovernmenthas giventhegreenlighttotheproposal. Hisbehaviourhasledmeto seehiminadifferentlight.
19
284 285 286 287 288
phrase inthelightofsomething thelightattheendofthetunnel cometolight givethegreenlighttosomething seesomeoneinabad/new/differente phrase phrase phrase phrase
/n /n
kld lat v lat v
de/
19 19 19 19 19
/ lat t i tn()l/ / km t
sm/ end v
/ v ri n sm/
lat/
lat t
289 290 291
phrase shedlightonsomething lightup likelihood* phrase phrasalverb noun
/si smwn n bd, nju , dfrnt lat/ /ed / lat lat n p/ sm/
19 tohelpsomeoneunderstandsomethingbetter tomakeaplacebrighterbygivingitlight Scientistshopethediscoveryofthisgenewill shedlightonthe disease. Whenmidnightstruck,thewholeskywas litupbythefirework display. There'sastrong likelihoodthathewillrunforpresidentnext year. Thereslittlelikelihoodthatwewillhavediscoverednewsources ofoilbythemiddleofthecentury. 21 Themostlikelycauseofthefirewasacigarette. Oilislikelytorunoutinmylifetime. 21 Thereisunlikelytobeamajornuclearaccidentintheforeseeable future. WewroteatextonaBrailletypewriterandtookithomeasa mementooftheexploration. Hisincomewasmodestcomparedwiththatofotherchief executives. Themoodofgentleserenityiscreatedbylightstreamingintoa dimlylitroomfromanexternalsource. 154 Wecouldn'treallysaywhatthe muffledsoundwas. 155 21 19 19
292
thereisalikelihood/littlelikelihoodth
293 294 295 296
phrase likely*** likely/highlylikelyto...... unlikely/highlyunlikelyto...... memento adjective phrase phrase noun
/e(r) z laklihd t/, thereisagoodchance/hardlyanychancethat /e(r) z lt()l laklihd somethingmighthappen t/ / lakli/ probably/veryprobablygoingtohappen,or / lakli/, / hali lakli tu / probably/veryprobablytrue /n lakli/, / hali n lakli probably/veryprobablynotgoingtohappen,or probably/veryprobablynottrue tu / somethingthatyoukeeptoremindyouofa particularperson,place,orexperience /m ment/ fairlysmall,especiallywhencomparedwithother thingsofthesametype / mdst/ aqualitythatsomethingsuchasaplace,film,or pieceofartormusichasthatmakesyouhavea particularfeeling /mu d/ amuffledsoundisnoteasytohearbecauseitis blockedbysomething / mf()ld/
/ laklihd/
297
23
modest**
298
adjective
mood***
299 300
noun adjective
muffled
A 301 302 noise*** 303 thenoiseofsomething 304 305 306 307 308 309
nervous**
adjective noun phrase adjective phrase phrase phrase phrase phrase verb
/ n(r)vs/ /nz/ / nz v / nju kli(r)/ / nju kli(r)
feelingexcitedandworried,orslightlyafraid aloudorunpleasantsound thesoundthatsomethingmakes
sm /
nuclear*** nuclearenergy nuclearpower nuclearpowerstation nuclearwaste nuclearweapon nurture
en(r)di/
/ nju kli(r) pa(r)/ /nju kli (r) pa(r) ste()n/ / nju kli(r) / nju kli(r) west/ wepn/
energythatisproducedwhenthestructureofthe centralpartofanatomischanged power,usuallyintheformofelectricity,thatis producedbynuclearenergy alargebuildingthatcontainsmachineswhich producenuclearpower dangeroussubstancesthatremainafternuclear energyhasbeenproduced apowerfulbomborotherweaponthatusesnuclear energy tohelpsomeoneorsomethingtodevelop
Amidstnervousgiggling,ourguideproceededtoleadusthrough aworlddevoidofvisualstimuli. Shefoundithardtoidentifythelocationof noises. Icanhear thenoiseofababycrying. Thereisunlikelytobeamajor nuclear accidentintheforeseeable future. Nuclearenergyprovidesaquarterofthecountry'selectricity. Unfortunately,itseemsveryunlikelythat nuclearpowerwillever becompletelysafe. In2030thegovernmentwillbuildtennew nuclearpower stations. Theresnowaywewilleverbeabletodisposeof nuclearwaste safely. Thethreatof nuclearweaponsiseverpresentintoday'sworld. Themagazinehadareputationfor nurturingyoungwriters.
23 22 23 21
135 21 21
310
/ n(r)t(r)/ usedforsayingthatsomethingisstrangebecauseit Paradoxically,itistheirdifferencesthatbringthemclosertoeach istheoppositeofwhatyouexpect other. / pr dkskli/ WhatpersonallysurprisedmethemostwasthesmellillusionsI washavingwhileimmersedinthisworldofdarkness. / p(r)s()nli/ / p(r)s()nli a fi l/ usedforemphasisingthatyouaregivingyourown opinion Personally,Ifeelweshouldstickwithouroriginalplan. Youcancallitbraveorfoolish,dependingonyour perspective. 23
paradoxically
311
adverb
personally**
312 313
adverb
personally,Ifeel... perspective**
phrase noun
314 315
achangeofperspective fromsomeonesperspective
phrase
/p(r) spektv/ / tend v p(r) spektv/ /frm smwnz p(r) spektv/ / petrfad/ / fbi/
achangeinthewaysomeonethinksabout something accordingtothewaysomeonethinksabout something extremelyfrightened,especiallysothatyoucannot moveordecidewhattodo averystrongfeelingofdislikingorbeingafraidof someoneorsomething tolearnthetruthaboutsomethingbyconsideringall theseparatebitsofinformationyouhave
Theexhibitionisdesignedtoprovoke achangeofperspective. 22 Fromtheperspectiveofanyonewithchildren,itlooksrather irrelevant. Impetrifiedofheights. 24 Ihaveaphobiaaboutsnakes. 24 Mybrainstruggledwiththeunfamiliartaskofhavingto piece togetherdiscretetouchsensations. Theresnopointinstudyinganartssubjectatuniversity. 23 26
316 317 318
phrase petrified phobia** piecetogether adjective noun phrasalverb noun
319 320 point***
/ pi s t e(r)/ /pnt/
A 321
beonthepointofdoingsomething pop**
phrase verb noun verb adverb adverb phrase adverb
/bi n sm/
pnt v
du tobeabouttodosomething
Igrabbedmymobilephoneand wasonthepointofdiallingthe emergencynumber. ifsomethingsuchasaballoonpops,orifyoupopit, Champagnecorkswere popping. itburstsandmakesasuddenloudnoise thechancethatsomethingmighthappenorbetrue Theresapossibilitythatwewillhavediscoverednewsourcesof oilbythemiddleofthecentury. Thenewvehicleispoweredbyfuelcells. Theopposition,predictably,accusedtheGovernmentof incompetence.
28
322 323 324
/pp/ / ps blti/ / pa(r)/ 21
possibility*** power predictably*
togiveamachineorvehiclepower happeninginthewaythatyouwouldexpect
325 326 327
/prdktbli/ / prbbli/ / prbbli nt/ Inthelongterm,humankindwill probablyneedtoemigratetoa differentplanet. usedforsayingthatyouthinksomethingisunlikely Globalwarmingwillprobablynotbecomemoreofaproblemin thenearfuture. somethingwhichisprohibitivelyexpensiveprevents Insurancefordangeroussportscanbe prohibitivelyexpensive. peoplefrombuyingitbecauseitcoststoomuch MysenseswerecompensatingfortheoneIhadleftbehind,with ifyoutellsomeonethattheyneedarealitycheck, youwantthemtoconsiderthetruesituationinstead noregardfora realitycheck. ofthewaytheywantittobe Iftheworldsgovernmentscanswitchto renewableenergy formsofenergyforprovidingelectricitywhich replacethemselvesbynaturalprocesses,sothatthey sources,itmaybepossibletoreversethemassiveclimatechange. arenevercompletelyusedup,forexamplefromthe sunorwind nonrenewabletypesofenergy,forexamplefossil fuels,existinlimitedamounts,andwhentheseare allusedtherewillbenoneleft 1ifabellrings,itproducesasound Shouldwecontinuetoconsumevastquantitiesof nonrenewable sourcesofenergy? usedforsayingthatyouthinksomethingislikely 21 21
probably*** probablynot prohibitively
328
/prhbtvli/
realitycheck
329
noun /ri lti
tek/
23
renewableenergy
330
noun /rnju b()l en(r)di/
20
nonrenewableenergy
331 332 333 334
phrase ring*** rounded rumble rumble

1
/nn rnju b()l en(r)di/ /r/ / randd/ / rmb()l/ / rmb()l/ /ske(r)d/ / ske(r)d stf/ /skrt/
verb adjective noun verb adjective phrase verb
Thebicyclebellsringingleftmefeelinginsecureand apprehensive. combiningdifferentaspectstoproducearesultthat Thehumanitiesmakeyouintoafully roundedhumanbeing. iscompleteorwelldeveloped acontinuousdeepsound,forexamplethesound Iheardthe rumbleofthunder. madebythunder tomakeacontinuousdeepsound Lorriesrumblepasttheirhomes. frightenedorworried Imscaredofthedark. extremelyfrightenedorworried I'mscaredstiffofheights. tomovesomethingsharpagainstahardsurfaceand Webegantohearkindof scratchesagainstthedesk. makeanoise
23 155 23
335 336 scared** 337 scaredstiff 338
24 24 155
scratch*
A 339 340 341 342 343 344
sensoryorgan sighted partiallysighted simulation* slimy solar*** solareclipse
noun adjective phrase noun adjective adjective
/ sensri / satd/ / p(r)li
(r)n/
partofyourbodyrelatingtothesensesofsight, hearing,smell,taste,andtouch someonewhoissightedisnotblind
satd/
/ smjle()n/ / slami/ / sl(r)/
peoplewhoarenotcompletelyblindarepartially sighted somethingthatproducesthefeaturesofasituation Wewereledintoasimulationofabusystreet. inawaythatseemsrealbutisnot coveredwithathickwetunpleasantsubstance Therooffeltslimyaswellassharp.
Disorientationdoesnotdescribetheexperienceofsuddenly beingrobbedofyourmajor sensoryorgan. Itisdesignedtogivesighted peopleaninsightintotheexperience ofbeingblind. Theschoolwascreatedforthe partiallysighted.
23 22
23 24
345
phrase solaremissions
/ sl(r) klps/
ashortperiodwhenallorpartoftheSunbecomes dark,becauseofthepositionsoftheSun,moon,and Earthinrelationtoeachother substancesandradiationfromtheSun Alltheplanetarybodieswithinoursolarsystemarereceiving somestrange,neverseenbefore solaremissions. energythatusesthepoweroftheSunslightand heattoproduceelectricity apieceofequipmentthatusesenergyfromtheSun tocreatepowerforabuilding power,usuallyintheformofelectricity,thatis producedbynuclearenergy astarandtheplanetsthatgoroundit,especiallythe SunandthegroupofplanetsthatincludestheEarth
Thepowerofthesunisharnessedbymeansofphotovoltaic solar panels. Ican'twaittousemynewtelescopetoviewthe solareclipse.
20
346 347 348 349
phrase solarenergy solarpanel solarpower solarsystem phrase phrase phrase
/ sl(r) m()nz/ / sl(r) / sl(r) / sl(r) en(r)di/ pn()l/ pa(r)/ Solarenergycouldbethekeytoreducingourcurrent dependenceonfossilfuels. Thepowerofthesunisharnessedbymeansofphotovoltaic solar panels. Solarpowercouldbethekeytoreducingourcurrent dependenceonfossilfuels. Spaceprogrammesthroughouttheworldcontinuetosearchfor planetsinother solarsystems. Mypredictionhascometrue soonerthanIthought. / su n(r)/ /n su n(r) n/ /sand/ /skwi k/ / steblaz/ tomakesomethingreachastatewherethereareno longeranymajorchangesorproblems tomakeapersonoranimalfeelsuddenlyfrightened orsurprisedbydoingsomethingthattheydonot expect touseyourstrengthtofightagainstsomeoneor something tofalloralmostfallwhileyouarewalkingorrunning Oilpriceshavestabilisedfornow. Loudnoisesstartleme. 24 Mybrainstruggledtopiecetogetherdiscretetouchsensations. 23 Westumbledaboutasourguideproceededtoleadusthrougha worlddevoidofvisualstimuli. 23 usedforsayingthatsomethinghappensimmediately Ihadnosoonerarrivedatthepub thanthemansteppedin. aftersomethingelse somethingthatyoucanhear Icanhearthe soundofababycrying. tomakeashort,highnoise Thedoorsqueakedopen. 28 23 20 20 20
350 351
phrase sooner* nosooner...than... adverb phrase noun verb verb verb verb verb
/ sl(r)
sstm/
352 353 sound* 354 355
squeak stabilise startle
356 357 358
/ st(r)t()l/ / str()l/ / stmb()l/
struggle** stumble*
A 359 360 361 362 363
swear** Icouldhaveswornthat... swell* term*** inthelongterm intheshortterm
verb phrase verb noun phrase phrase adjective noun verb verb verb
I'veneverseenhimbeforeI swear! /swe(r)/ /a kd hv usedforsayingthatyouaresurethatsomething sw(r)n t/ happened tobecomelargerthannormal,usuallybecauseof liquidcollectinginside IcouldhaveswornthatI'dpaidthatbill. Hisheadwasswelling,hislungscracking. 24 25 21 21 24 23 24 19
/swel/ /t(r)m/ /n l
t(r)m/ t(r)m/
364 365 terrified 366
/n (r)t / terfad/ / nd(r)/ /trp/ /tred/
thunder* trap**
367 368 tread*
tremble**
369 370 371 372 373
Schoolstartedinafewdaystimeandshedidnotwanthimto begintheterminastateofagitation. notimmediatelybutatsometimeinthefuture Inthelongterm,humankindwillprobablyneedtoemigratetoa differentplanet. duringtheperiodoftimethatisnotveryfarintothe Thereslittlelikelihoodthatwewillneedtoreduceourenergy future consumption intheshortterm. extremelyfrightened Imterrifiedofheights. theloudnoisethatyousometimeshearinthesky Iheardtherumbleof thunder. duringastorm topreventsomeonefromleavingaplace,especially Supposehediedthere, trapped? adangerousplace towalkorsteponsomething Treadsoftlybecauseyoutreadonmydreams. ifyourbodyorpartofyourbodytrembles,itshakes, Adam'shandsbeganto trembleasheopenedtheletter. usuallybecauseyouarenervous,afraid,orexcited apersonalopinion,belief,orattitudeabouta Didlisteningtothedescriptionchangeyour viewofthepictureat particularsituationorsubject all? usedtoexpressapersonalopinion,belief,orattitude Whatdoesthetunnelrepresent, inyourview? aboutaparticularsituationorsubject achairwithlargewheelsthatsomeonewhocannot Thebuildingisnotwheelchairaccessible. walkusesformovingaround tomoveveryquicklysomewhere,oftenmakinga Thenoiseofcarswhooshingbyleftmefeelinginsecure. soundlikethewindwhenitblows atoymodelofapersonorimaginarybeing, especiallyacharacterinafilmoratelevision programme someonewhotakespartinactivitiesthatare intendedtoachievepoliticalorsocialchange, especiallysomeonewhoisamemberofan organisation doneenough,andoftenmorethanyouneed Didyoucollectactionfiguresasachild?
/ tremb()l/ view*** inmyview... wheelchair whoosh noun phrase noun verb /vju / /n ma vju / 18 24
/ wi l te(r)/ /w/
23
374 Unit3
375 actionfigure
noun
/ k()n
f(r)/
35 ArundhatiRoyisan activistwhofocusesonissuesrelatedto socialjusticeandeconomicinequality. 37 Thereisalreadyasumofmoney amplysufficientforyour suitableeducationandmaintenance. Wellknownapplicationsincludethefieldofsurgery,whereithas reducedtheimpactofmajoroperations. 31 40
376 activist* 377 amply* 378 application***
noun adverb noun
/ ktvst/ / mpli/ / plke()n/
aparticularusethatsomethinghas
theamountofspacethatthesurfaceofaplaceor shapecovers,expressedinsquareunits,suchas squarekilometresorsquaremiles

379 area*** 380 argue*** 381 ascent* 382 awkward* 383 feelawkward 384 anawkwardsilence 385 background***
Itwouldtaketoolongtoseesuchalarge area.
noun verb noun adjective phrase phrase noun
/ eri/ / (r)ju/ / sent/ / kw(r)d/ / fi l kw(r)d/ togivereasonswhyyoubelievethatsomethingis rightortrue aclimbupwards,especiallyupahillormountain Thosegirlsarealwaysarguing!
33
OneofJunkoTabeismanygreatachievementswashersolo ascentofMountEverest. Esthassilencewasneverawkward. tofeeluncomfortable,tense,orlackinginconfidence Hisparentsfeltawkwardatfirstaboutwhathedidathome. Afterhespoketherewas anawkwardsilence. IcouldhearaTVinthe background. Overtimehehadacquiredtheabilityto blendintothe backgroundwhereverhewasintobookshelves,gardens, curtains,doorways,streetstoappearinanimate.
33 37 36
/n kw(r)d salns/ / bk rand/
asilencethatisdifficulttodealwithand embarrassing tobeinaplaceorsituationinwhichpeopledonot noticeyou
386 blendintothebackground
phrase
/ blend nt bk rand/ totrytopersuadesomeonetogiveyouabetter priceormakeanagreementthatsuitsyoubetter
37 Heneverbargained. 37 amarket,especiallyintheMiddleEastandSouth Asia Vendorsinthe bazaar,sittingbehindpyramidsofoiled,shining vegetables,grewtorecognisehimandwouldattendtohim amidsttheclamouringoftheirothercustomers. 37 inawaythathas/hadneverhappenedpreviously tohaveanopinionaboutwhatistrueorwhatmight happen,althoughthereisnoproof usedforemphasisingthatyouaregivingyourown opinion someonewhohelpsapersonororganisationby givingthemmoney somethingthatisbeneficialhasagoodeffector influenceonsomeoneorsomething someonewhosejobistomakethingsoutofmetal I'dmethimonce before. Theyattractedpeopleandindustry asneverbefore. 33 Theauthor believesthatIndianEnglishwillcontinuetodevelop. 39 Ipersonallybelieveweshouldstickwithouroriginalplan. Thenameofthepersonwhoisyourliberal benefactorremainsa profoundsecret. Mostoftheapplicationsoflasertechnologyare beneficial. Pipworksforhisbrotherinlaw,Joethe blacksmith. 31 anindoorgameplayedonaboard,oftenwithpieces Shestillenjoysplayingboardgameseverynowandthen. thataremovedaroundit thedevelopmentofaspecialcloserelationship Thebestpartwasallthatfamily bondingtime. betweenpeople
387 bargain*
verb
/ b(r)n/
388 bazaar 389 before*** 390 asneverbefore 391 believe*** 392 Ipersonallybelieve 393 benefactor 394 beneficial** 395 blacksmith 396 boardgame 397 bonding
noun adverb phrase verb phrase noun adjective noun noun noun
/b z(r)/ /bf(r)/ /z nev(r) bf(r)/
/bli v/ /a p(r)s()nli bli v/
/ benfkt(r)/ / benf()l/ / blk sm/ / b(r)d / bnd/ em/
31 40
32
A 398 cards*** 399 apackofcards 400 chain***
pluralnoun phrase noun
/k(r)dz/ / pk v /ten/
theactivityofplayinggameswithasetof52cards k(r)dz/ asetof52playingcards aseriesofthingsofthesametypethatforma connectedline somethingthatneedsalotofskill,energy,and determinationtodealwithorachieve,especially somethingyouhaveneverdonebeforeandwill enjoydoing ashopbelongingtoacharitythatsellsthingsthat peoplehavegiventoit oneofthepiecesusedforplayingchess(=agame fortwopeople,playedonaboardwithblackand whitesquares,usingdifferentshapedpieces, includingtwokings)
Didyoucollectcardsasachild? 35 Themagicianusedapackofcardsforsomeofhistricks. TheGreatLakesisachainoflakesineastcentralNorthAmerica. 156 Theylljustbeabletogoontheinternetprettyquickly,readthe solutionandsolveit,so,therellbeno challenge. 156 Shedonatedallofheroldsuitstothelocal charityshop. Theplayerthoughtlongandhardbeforemovingthe chesspiece.
401 challenge*** 402 charityshop
noun noun
/ tlnd/ / trti p/
403 chesspiece
noun
/ tes
pi s/
theprocessoftakingcontrolofanothercountryby TheyplayedacentralroleintheEuropean colonisationand goingtolivethereorbysendingpeopletolivethere developmentofNorthAmerica.

404 colonisation 405 connoisseur
noun noun
/ klnaze()n/ / kn s(r)/ someonewhoknowsalotaboutaparticularthing andenjoysitalot themanagementoflandandwaterinwaysthat preventitfrombeingdamagedordestroyed Isayoyowithaballbearingsystemthatcomesback automaticallycheatingforyoyo connoisseurs? Themajorityisclosedtotouristsfor conservationreasons.
156 156
406 conservation*** 407 conversation*** 408 runoutofconversation 409 convict 410 courteous 411 creativity*
noun noun phrase noun adjective noun
/ kns(r) ve()n/ / knv(r) se()n/ / rn at v knv(r) se()n/ / knvkt/ / k(r)tis/ / kri e tvti/ atalkbetweentwoormorepeople,usuallyaprivate Listentotheconversation. andinformalone tonothaveanythingmoretotalkabout Hehadsimply runoutofconversationandhadnothingleftto say. someonewhoisinprisonbecausetheyhave Themanisaconvictwhohasescapedfromaprisonship. committedacrime polite,especiallyinaformalway Thiswasmyfirstencounterwith courteousdriversincitiesand towns. theabilitytocreatenewideasorthingsusingyour IjustseenowadaysthatmodernLEGOhasntreallygotthe imagination creativity. anumberinacountingsystembasedonthenumber Studentswereaskedtoroundup decimalstowholenumbersin theanswers. tenthatconsistsofnumbersoneithersideofa decimalpoint intendedorusedforprotectingaplaceduringan Nearly3,000kilometresoftheGreatWallofChinaconsistof attack trenchesandnatural defensivebarrierssuchashillsorrivers. usedforsayingthatsomethinghappenseventhough Despiteitspotentialformisuse,itispossiblethatinthefuture, somethingelsemighthavepreventedit laserscouldbeusedforbeneficialendeavours.
33 38 37 30 32 156
412 decimal
noun
/ desm()l/
413 defensive**
adjective
/dfensv/
156
414 despite***
preposition
/dspat/
40
415 dormancy
noun
/ d(r)mnsi/
astatewheresomethingisnotactiveordeveloping Hissilencewasatypeofevasion,adormancy. now,butitmaybecomeactiveordevelopinthe future completelyorextremely:usedforemphasisinghow Thiswasmyfirstencounterwithcourteousno, downright badsomeoneorsomethingis friendlydrivers. afamilywhosemembersruleacountryorregionfor ThesectionoftheGreatWallinBadalingwasbuiltduringthe alongperiodoftime MingDynasty. Thefamilyisraisingmoneyto endowthescholarshipintheir son'sname. tohavesomethingsuchasagoodabilityorquality Youmustknowthat,althoughIhaveusedthetermexpectations morethanonce,you arenotendowedwithexpectationsonly. sm/ tograduallychangeanddevelopoveraperiodof time thebeliefthatsomethingwillhappen Ithinktheyoyosprobably evolved.
37
416 downright 417 dynasty 418 endow
adverb noun verb
/ dan rat/ / dnsti/ /n da/
32 156
419 beendowedwithsomething 420 evolve** 421 expectation*** 422 eye***
phrase verb noun noun
/bi n dad w /vlv/
31 156 Iletmyparentsdownbecausetheyhadhigh expectationsfor me. Closeyoureyesandgotosleep. 31
/ ekspek te()n/ /a/
423 theuntrainedeye 424 fair*** 425 thatsnotfair! 426 fancy 427 feature*** 428 naturalfeature
phrase adjective phrase noun noun noun
/i n trend /fe(r)/ /ts nt / fnsi/ / fi t(r)/ / nt()rl
a/
fe(r)/
fi t(r)/
Hehadacquiredtheabilitytoappearalmostinvisibleto the usedasawayofreferringtosomeonewithlittle knowledgeorexperienceofaparticularactivityor untrainedeye. subject ifasituationisfair,everyoneistreatedequallyandin Lifeisnotalwaysfair. areasonableway thatisnotreasonable Herpieceofcakeisbiggerthatsnotfair! imagination,orsomethingthatyouimagineor Mywildfancywassurpassedbysoberreality. dreamabout Eachroomhasitsowndistinctive features. somethingimpressivethatisnotmanmade,for Thisisoneofthegreat naturalfeaturesoftheNorthAmerican exampleanetworkofcavesorawaterfall continentandoftheplanetitself. adivisionorpartofawholenumber,forexample Hisinvestmentisnowworthonlya fractionofitsoriginalvalue. or aborderbetweentwocountries,especiallyonewith ThefrontierbetweenCanadaandtheUnitedStateswas officialpointswherepeopleorvehiclescross stabilisedbyaboundarywaterstreatyin1909.
37
31
156
429 fraction**
noun
/ frk()n/
430 frontier**
noun
/frn t(r)/, / frnt(r)/ makingyoufeelannoyedandimpatientbecauseyou Itwasreallyfrustratingatfirstbecausetheressomanydifferent arepreventedfromachievingsomething waystogetallthedifferentcoloursonthedifferentfaces.
156
431 frustrating*
adjective
/ frstretn/ anannoyedorimpatientfeelingthatyougetwhen youarepreventedfromdoingwhatyouwant Justwhenyouthinkyouvesolvedittheresonecolouroutand,it justdroveyoumadwith frustration.
156
432 frustration*
noun
/frstre()n/
156
A 433 go** 434 allinonego 435 canIhaveago? 436 great*** 437 greatness
noun phrase phrase adjective noun
// / l n /kn a /ret/ / retns/ wn / hv / allatonce,withoutanypausesordivisions usedtoaskforyourchancetoplayinagameorto takepartinanactivity 1biggerormorethanisusual apositionofpower,success,orrespect someonewhoislegallyresponsibleforanother personsuchasachildwhoseparentshavedied
Donkeyridesare3ago. Manypeoplethinkitwasbuilt allinonego,butthisisnttrue. 155 ThatlookslikefuncanIhaveago? Canyouthinkofexamplesofpeoplewhohavebecome great? 30 Someachievegreatnessandsomehave greatnessthrustupon them. Youwillpleaseconsidermeyour guardian. 30
438 guardian
noun
/ (r)din/ ItwasAlfredNobelsguiltyconscienceabouthavingdeveloped dynamitewhichledhimtocreateNobelPrizes.
31
439 guilty***
adjective
/ lti/ tofeelashamedandsorrybecauseyouhavedone, oryouthinkyouhavedone,somethingwrong HehastostealthesethingsfromhissisterandherhusbandJoe, whichmakeshimfeelveryguilty. Switzerlandhasmileuponmileof idylliccountryside. Hehadacquiredtheabilitytoappear inanimate. Heloveshiswifeandindulgeshissons. Ifyouhadthemoneyto indulgeinacollection,whatwouldyou collect? Ifoundtheirquestionquite intrusive. Inlove,asincollecting,irrationalityreignssupreme. Ithoughthewas jokingwhenhesaidhe'dresigned.
40
440 feelguilty 441 idyllic 442 inanimate 443 indulge* 444 indulgeinsomething 445 intrusive 446 irrationality 447 joke**
phrase adjective adjective verb phrase adjective noun verb
/ fi l lti/ /dlk/ /n nmt/ /n dld/ /n dld n sm/
extremelybeautifulandpeaceful notalive
30 32 37
/n tru sv/ /r nlti/ /dk/
toallowyourselftohaveordosomethingthatyou enjoy interruptingapeacefulsituation theabsenceofclearorsensiblereasons
35
35
448 yourejoking! 449 kite*
phrase noun
/ j(r) /kat/
dk/
450 lane**
noun
/len/
Yourbossjustgaveyouthedayofftomorrow yourejoking! usedforsayingthatyoucannotbelievethat someonereallymeanswhattheyhavejustsaid becauseitseemssosurprisingorsosilly atoythatfliesintheairwhileyouholditbyalong Tomwasveryhappilyflyingthiskite. string Thiswasmyfirstencounterwithwidebike lanes. oneofthepartsthatawideroadormotorwayis dividedinto,markedbypaintedlinesandintended foronelineoftraffic asoftheavygreymetalusedespeciallyinthepastfor Thegovernmentfoundtracesof leadinthetoysoldiersandtook makingpipes,coveringroofs,andinpaint themallofftheshelves. EmilyletAlastairrunupthehill.
156
32
451 lead* 452 let***
noun verb
/li d/ /let/
35 38
A 453 letgo(ofsomeone/something) 454 liberal**
phrase adjective
/let v sm/ / lb()rl/
smwn,
tostopholdingsomeoneorsomething aliberalamountislargeandgenerous usedforreferringtoanextremelysmallamountof something
Hellletgoofthekite. 156 Thenameofthepersonwhoisyour liberalbenefactorremainsa profoundsecret. Littleprogresshasbeenmadeonfindingasolutiontothe problem. Theyhaveverylittle,butwhattheyhave,theyshare. 31
455 little *** 456 little *** 457 justalittle,please 458 littlebylittle
2
determiner pronoun phrase phrase
/ lt()l/ / lt()l/ / dst lt()l pli z/ / lt()l ba lt()l/ / lt()l dz n/ smwn usedtoaskforasmallquantityofsomething I'dlikesometeabut justalittle,please. 34
verygradually Dontworry.Wellgetthere littlebylittle. usedforsayingthatsomeonedoesnotknow/realise LittledidIknowIwouldonedaybeinchargeoftheoffice. thatsomethingistrue theprocessofcontinuingsomethingorkeepingitin existence tomakeamapofanarea agameplayedbychildreninwhichtheyrollsmall colouredglassballscalledmarblesontheground Thereisalreadyasumofmoneyamplysufficientforyoursuitable educationand maintenance. Theentirereefareaisstillbeing mapped. Didyoucollectanymarblesasachild?
459 littledoessomeoneknow 460 maintenance** 461 map*
phrase noun verb
/ mentnns/ /mp/
31 33
462 marbles 463 me*** 464 itwasntme! 465 memorable 466 misuse
pluralnoun pronoun phrase adjective noun
/ m(r)b()lz/ /mi /, /mi/ /t wz()nt Mr.Jaggerswasthrowinghisfingerat me sidewaysashespoketo me. usedforsayingthatyoudidnotdosomething Iswearitwasntme! worthrememberingoreasytoremember,because Heismostrememberedforcreatingvividand memorable ofbeingspecialinsomeway charactersinhisclassicnovels. theuseofsomethinginthewrongwayorforthe Despiteitspotentialfor misuse,itispossiblethatinfuturelasers wrongpurpose couldbeusedforbeneficialendeavours. despiteafactorideathatyouhavejustmentioned: AlexanderIIwasanobscurebut neverthelessinterestingScottish usedasawayofshowinghowasentence,phrase,or king. wordisrelatedtowhathasalreadybeensaid anextremelydifficultorfrighteningsituation Thejourneytoworkwasa nightmare. Ifyouhaveany objectiontoit,thisisthetimetomentionit.
35 31
mi /
/ mem()rb()l/ /ms ju s/
31 40
467 nevertheless*** 468 nightmare** 469 objection** 470 havenoobjection 471 obsolete 472 orphan 473 outweigh*
adverb noun noun phrase adjective noun verb
/ nev(r) les/ / nat me(r)/ /b dek()n/ / hv n b dek()n/ / bsli t/, / bs li t/ / (r)f( )n/ / at we/ toagreewithaplan,orhavenoreasontodisagree withit nolongerusedbecauseofbeingreplacedby somethingnewerandmoreeffective achildwhoseparentshavedied tobemoreimportant,useful,orvaluablethan somethingelse
40 IcouldscarcelystammerI hadnoobjection. 31 Itdoesntmatterifthesethingsare obsoleteorungainlyorugly. TheorphanPhilipPirripliveswithhisoldersister. Itsbenefitsoutweighitsdisadvantages. 35 31 40
anamountorratethatisequaltoaparticularpartof 14%oflandisprivatelyowned,whichisaverysmallpercentage. atotalthatyouhavedividedby100

474 percentage** 475 phase**
noun noun
/p(r) sentd/ /fez/ aparticularperiodoftimeduringthedevelopment ofsomething/someonewhichdoesnotlastforlong ItseemedthatEsthassilencewasnotjustapassing phase. 36 ItseemedthatEsthassilencewasnotjust apassingphase. 36 atruckwithanopenbackandlowsides Imyselfwassomewhatofanoddity,havingneverdrivena pickup truck(oractually,anyvehicle). You'resoakingwetpoorlittlething! You'resoakingwetpoorlittlething! 32
476 apassingphase 477 pickuptruck 478 poor*** 479 poorlittlething! 480 potential*** 481 problematic 482 profound**
phrase noun adjective phrase noun adjective adjective
ps
fez/
/ pkp trk/ /p(r)/, /p(r)/ /p(r) lt()l /
usedforshowingthatyoufeelsorryforsomeone
/p ten()l/ / prbl mtk/ /pr fand/
thepossibilitytodeveloporachievesomethinginthe Despiteitspotentialformisuse,itispossiblethatinfuturelasers future couldbeusedforbeneficialendeavours. involvingorcausingproblems Esthassilencewasproblematic. verygreat Thenameofthepersonwhoisyourliberalbenefactorremainsa profoundsecret. Audreyrememberedher promisetoherfatherthatshewould workharder. toshowsignsthatsomeoneorsomethingislikelyto Theirteamshowedgreatpromiseforthefinal. besuccessfulinthefuture Theyserveabsolutelynopractical purposewhatsoever. toachieveanaim Theyserveabsolutelynopractical purposewhatsoever. tofollowacourseofactivity Now,Mr.Pip,pursuedthelawyer,IaddresstherestofwhatI havetosay,toyou.' someoneorsomethingthatyoucannotunderstand Thispuzzlewasnteasytosolve. Esthahadalwaysbeena quietchild. usedforsayingthatyouwillletsomeonedowhat theywantinordertoavoidanargument tonottellanyoneaboutsomething tospeaktosomeoneinaninformalwayabouta problem withouttellinganyone acalmsituationinwhichyouarenotannoyedby noiseorotherpeople Hewoulddoanythingforaquietlife. Illtellyou,butpleasekeepitquiet. MaybeIshould haveaquietwordwithTom'steacher? Canwehavesome quiet,please? Justbetweenyouandme,hesbeendoingsomeotherwork on thequiet. It'snottheholidaytochooseifyou'relookingfor peaceand quiet.
40 36 31
483 promise*** 484 showpromise 485 purpose*** 486 serveapurpose 487 pursue** 488 puzzle* 489 quiet *** 490 anythingforaquietlife 491 keepsomethingquiet 492 haveaquietwordwithsomeone 493 quiet
2 1
noun phrase noun phrase verb noun adjective phrase phrase phrase noun phrase
/ prms/ / prms/ / p(r)ps/ / s(r)v p(r)ps/ /p(r) sju / / pz()l/ / eni f(r) kwat laf / /ki p sm kwat/ / hv kwat w(r)d w smwn/ / kwat/ /n kwat/ / kwat/ 31 35 35 31 35 37
37
494 onthequiet
37
495 peaceandquiet 496 ranch
phrase noun
/ pi s nd /rnt/
kwat/ averylargefarminthewesternUSorCanada,where Itookajobonaguest ranchinMontanaonesummer. cows,horses,orsheeparekept
37 32
A 497 ratio*** 498 reef*
noun noun
/ rei/ /ri f/
arelationshipbetweenthesizesoftwonumbersor Theschoolhasateacherstudent ratioof1:20. amounts alonglineofrockorcoralinthesea,withitstopjust Toursvisitonlyasmallpartofthe reef. beloworjustabovethesurface Samprasreignedasthenumberonetennisplayerinthecountry.
33
499 reign** 500 reignsupreme 501 reinvent 502 relief***
verb phrase verb noun
/ren/ / ren spri m/ / ri n vent/ /rli f/
503 whatarelief!
phrase
/ wt rli f/
tobethebestorthemostimportant Inlove,asincollecting,irrationalityreignssupreme. tochangesomethingthatalreadyexistsandgiveita Idontknowifatoycan reinventitselffurthertoappealtokidsin differentformorpurpose thefuture. It'sahugerelieftoknowthateveryoneissafe. usedtoexpresstherelaxedhappyfeelingthatyou Wedidn'tlosethekeys whatarelief! getbecausesomethingbadhasnothappenedora badsituationhasended tokeepaparticularfactinyourmindbecauseitis Heremainsverypopulartodayandismost rememberedfor relevanttowhatisbeingdiscussed creatingvividandmemorablecharactersinhisclassicnovels. anumberthatendsin0,suchas40,450,or4000 Justtellmewhatitwillcostinroundnumbers.
35 156
504 remember***
verb
/rmemb(r)/
31
505 roundnumber 506 say*** 507 becauseIsayso 508 havenothinglefttosay 509 scenery* 510 scope** 511 screenplay
noun verb phrase phrase noun noun noun
/ rand /se/ /bkz a /hv
nmb(r)/ usedtoemphasiseanorder,usuallybyanadult speakingtoachild tohavenomoretoaddtoadiscussion IaddresstherestofwhatIhaveto say,toyou. JustdoitbecauseIsayso! 31
se s/ left t se/
/ si nri/ /skp/ / skri n ple /
Hehadsimplyrunoutofconversationand hadnothingleftto say. naturalthingssuchastrees,hills,andlakesthatyou Igottoseesomeofthemostbreathtaking sceneryIhavefound canseeinaparticularplace tothisday. theopportunityorfreedomthatisneededtodoor Icametounderstandalittlebitmoreoftheincredible scopeof developsomething landscapesthatmakesuptheUnitedStates. astorysomeonewritesforafilm Shehaswrittentwoscreenplaysandseveralcollectionsofessays. theactivityofswimmingunderwaterwitha containerofaironyourbackandatubefor breathingthrough Snorkellingandscubadivingareabsolutelytheprincipalthingsto do.
37 32 32 37
512 scubadiving 513 see*** 514 wellsee 515 segment** 516 shackle
noun verb phrase noun noun
/ sku b /si /
dav/
156 IgottoseesomeofthemostbreathtakingsceneryIhavefound tothisday. Wellseeifyoucangotothepartyafteryoucleanyourroom. Varioussegmentswerebuiltatdifferenttimesbydifferent dynasties. HewantsPiptostealfoodandatoolhecantakeoffhisleg shackleswith. 32
usedforsayingthatyouwilldecidelater / wi l si / aseparatepartofanything oneofapairofconnectedmetalringsthatcanbe lockedontothewristsorlegsofaprisoner
/ semnt/ / k()l/
155 30
A 517 shop*** 518 closeshop 519 side*** 520 adarkside 521 silent***
noun phrase noun phrase adjective
/p/ / klz /sad/ /
Wehadlunchatalittlecoffee shop. p/ tostopanyactivity Ithadbeenagradualwindingdownand closingshop. 'OhMummy,canIrunupthishillandIllmeetyouontheother side? Itisundeniablethatthelaserhasa darkside,namely,inthe militaryindustry. Everyonewastotallysilentasthepresidentspoke. 37 156 40
d(r)k
sad/
amorallybad,dangerous,orfrighteningaspect
/ salnt/
behaviourthatinvolvesnotspeakingtosomeoneas Youvebeengivingmethesilenttreatmentallday. awayofshowingthatyoudonotapproveofthem

522 thesilenttreatment 523 therighttoremainsilent 524 fallsilent 525 skyscraper 526 small***
phrase phrase phrase noun adjective
/ rat t rmen salnt/ / fl salnt/
salnt
tri tmnt/ someonesrightnottosayanythingwhentheyare arrested tostoptalkingormakinganoise averytallbuildingcontainingofficesorflats Youhavetherightto remainsilent.
37 37 Everyonefellsilentwhentheheadteacherenteredtheroom. 37 InsteadofcabsIfoundcows,andinsteadof skyscrapersthere was...sky. Toursvisitonlyasmallpartofthereef. NewYorkisabigcity,butit'sasmallworldandyouneverknow whoyoumightbumpinto. 32 32
/ skaskrep(r)/ /sml/
527 itsasmallworld 528 thesmallhours
phrase phrase
/ts /
sml sml
w(r)ld/ a(r)z/
usedforshowingthatyouaresurprisedwhenyou meetsomeonewhoyouknowunexpectedly,or whenyoudiscoverthatsomeoneknowsthesame peopleasyoudoorhasbeentothesameplacesas youhave thetimewhenitisveryearlyinthemorning,soon aftermidnight thedetailsofsomethingsuchasacontractthatare printedinverysmalllettersandoftencontain conditionsthatlimityourrights tofeelashamedorunimportant,especiallybecause ofsomethingthatsomeonehassaidordone
Theanxiousmotherwaiteduntil thesmallhoursforherteenage daughtertocomehome. Thatsbecauseyoudidntread thesmallprint. 34 Itjustmakesme feelsmallwhenyoudothat. 34
529 thesmallprint
phrase
sml
prnt/
530 feelsmall 531 snorkelling 532 sober* 533 solely** 534 sphere** 535 spite** 536 inspiteofsomething
phrase noun adjective adverb noun noun phrase
/ fi l
sm l/ theactivityofswimmingunderwaterusingasnorkel Weareverykeenonwatersportsandareideallylookingfora goodplacetogo snorkelling. plainandnotbrightlycoloured Mywildfancywassurpassedbysoberreality. involvingnothingexceptthepersonorthing Thesecretissolelyheldbythatpersonandbyme. mentioned aparticularareaofinterest,activity,worketcthatis Thepresentpossessorofthepropertydesiresthathebe oneofmanypartsoflife removedfromhispresent sphereoflife. Thecandidatewasmotivatedbypolitical spite. usedforreferringtoafactthatmakessomething elsesurprising Inspiteofitsrecentdevelopment,lasertechnologyisnow widespread.
/ sn(r)k( )l/ / sb(r)/ / sli/ /sf(r)/ /spat/ /n spat v sm/
156 31 31 31
40
537 stammer 538 surpass
verb verb
/ stm(r)/ /s(r) ps/
tokeeprepeatingasoundandhavedifficultyin sayingcertainwordsbecauseofaspeechproblem, nervousness,excitementetc tobeevenbetterthanwhatwasexpectedorhoped for allthethingsthatarepresentinaplaceandthat formtheexperienceofbeingthere
Myheartwasbeatingsofast,Icouldscarcely stammerIhadno objection. 31 Mywildfancywassurpassedbysoberreality. 31 Ournewsurroundingsarealotmorefriendlythanweexpected.
539 surroundings**
pluralnoun
/s randz/ anoccasionwhensomeone,usuallyachild,suddenly IthinkTomprobablyhada tantrum. behavesinaveryangryandunreasonableway,often screaming,crying,orrefusingtoobeysomeone
540 tantrum 541 telloff 542 test*** 543 standthetestoftime
noun phrasalverb noun phrase
/ tntrm/ / tel /test/ / stnd test v tocontinuetobeeffective,successful,orpopularfor Ijustthinkitssomethingthatsreally stoodthetestoftime. tam/ alongtime averysmallamountofasubstance,especiallywhen Thegovernmentfound tracesofleadinthetoysoldiersandtook itistoosmalltoseeclearlyormeasureaccurately themallofftheshelves. someoneyouareonajourneywith Herbestfriendhasalwaysbeenagood travellingcompanion. f/ tocriticizesomeoneangrilyfordoingsomething wrong ThatwassomethingIconstantlygot toldofffor.
156 156 Didyougetagoodmarkinyourphysics test?
156
544 trace** 545 travellingcompanion 546 treaty** 547 true*** 548 itssimplynottrue 549 truth*** 550 thereissometruthinsomething 551 undeniable 552 undoubtedly** 553 itisundoubtedlythecase 554 ungainly 555 vendor 556 winddown
noun noun noun adjective phrase noun phrase adjective adverb phrase adverb noun phrasalverb
/tres/ / trv()l km pnjn/ / tri ti/ /tru / /ts smpli nt tru /
35
anofficialwrittenagreementbetweentwoormore ThefrontierbetweenCanadaandtheUnitedStateswasstabilised countries byaboundarywaters treatyin1909. Writetwotruesentences,usingtheword great inadifferentway eachtime. usedtostronglydenysomething It'ssimplynottruethatthepresidenthasdonenothingtohelp thepoor. Thetruthmayneverbeknown. usedtosaythatsomethingisatleastpartlytrue certainlycorrectortrue Thereis,Isuppose,sometruthtohisstory. Itisundeniablethatthelaserhasadarkside. Thenextfewdayswillundoubtedlyprovecrucial.
156 33
/tru / /(r) z sm tru n sm/ / ndnab()l/ /n datdli/ /t z n datdli /n enli/ / vend(r)/ / wand dan/
40
usedforsayingthatsomethingiscertainlytrueoris Itisundoubtedlythecasethatthenewsfromthewaris depressing. kes/ acceptedbyeveryone notmovinginanattractiveorgracefulway Itdoesntmatterifthesethingsareobsoleteor ungainlyorugly. 35 someonewhosellssomething,butnotinashop toend,ortofinishsomethinggradually Vendorsinthebazaargrewtorecognisehim. Ithadbeenagradual windingdownandclosingshop. 37 37
A 557 Unit4 558
accomplished adaptation*
adjective noun noun noun adjective noun noun phrase noun phrase noun phrase phrase phrase noun
/ kmplt/
goodatdoingsomethingthatneedsalotofskill,for Itsaimisnotprimarilytoproduce accomplishedmusicians. exampleinart,music,orsport afilm,TVprogrammeetcthathasbeenmadefroma Thetelevisionadaptationofthestageplaywasverysuccessful. bookorplay thefeelingthatyoudonotbelonginaparticular society,place,orgroup somethingthatpeoplewhosupportaparticular religionorideabelievecompletely,althoughithas notbeenproved possibletoachieve,reach,orget thestateofbeingboringbecausethereisnothing new,original,orunusual Temporalandgeographical alienationareforbidden(thatisto saythatthefilmtakesplacehereandnow). Theideathatmenandwomenspeakdifferentlanguageshas becomeadogmatreatedasanunquestioned articleoffaith. Anymovementorimmobility attainableinthehandispermitted.
47
559 560
/ dp te()n/ / eli ne()n/ 45
alienation articleoffaith
561 562 563 564 565 566
/ (r)tk()l v / tenb()l/ /b nlti/ / bess/ /n
fe/
43 45 Shetriedskydivinginanattempttoescapethe banalityofher life. Ticketswillbesoldonafirstcome,firstservedbasis. TrainingatElSistemaisnotoffered onthebasisofmusical ability. Thecamperswerewarnednottoleavefoodoutsoasnotto attractbearstothecampsite. ImlikeabearwithasoreheadifIdontgetenoughsleep.
attainable banality basis*** onthebasisofsomething bear** belikeabearwithasorehead
bess v
sm/
usedforgivingthereasonwhysomethingisdone
46
567 568 bet* 569 570 571
/be(r)/ / bi lak be(r) w s(r) hed/ /bet/ /hv / wn / lu z bet n bet/ bet/ sm/
tobeinabadmood,gettingannoyedveryeasily
haveabetonsomething winabet loseabet blueprint
572 573 574 575 576 577
/ blu boast* boxoffice budget*** onalowbudget cable** verb noun noun phrase noun /bst/ / bks
prnt/
fs/
/ bdt/ /n l bdt/
/ keb()l/
HigginswinshisbetandmarriesEliza. toenterintoanagreementinwhichyoubetmoney IveasortofbetonthatIllpassherasaduchessinsixmonths. onwhatwillhappen towinmoneybecauseyoucorrectlyguessedwhat Hepassedhisdrivingtest,soI wonmybet. wouldhappen tolosemoneybecauseyoufailedtoguesswhat Hedidn'tpasshisdrivingtest,soI lostmybet. wouldhappen Theiraimwastoprovidea blueprint forfilmmakersworkingona adetailedplanfordoingsomethingnew,or somethingthatisamodelforhowsomethingshould lowbudget. bedone tohavesomethinggood,oftenanattractivefeature Thelargerncleosgenerally boastmultipleorchestrasofvarying thatotherpeopleadmire levelsofability. 1theplaceinatheatrewhereyoubuy Ittook20millionattheboxoffice. tickets theamountofmoneyapersonororganisationhas Trytoworkoutamonthly budgetandsticktoit. tospendonsomething nothavingmuchmoneytospend Theiraimwastoprovideablueprintforfilmmakersworking ona lowbudget. thickwirecoveredwithplasticthatisusedfor Youhavetoplugthe cableintothebackoftheTV. carryingelectricityorelectronicsignals
49 49 49
45 47
45 45 50
alltheperformersinafilm,playetc cast*
578 579 celebrated* 580 581
AnallstarcastincludesMichaelDouglasastheUSPresident.
noun adjective verb noun noun phrase noun noun adjective adjective noun phrase verb
/kst/ / sel bretd/ / tlnd/ / tstti/ / tmni/ / smk lak tmni/ / snm trfi/
challenge*** chastity chimney*
582 583 smokelikeachimney 584 cinematography
Cockney
585 586 587 588
/ kkni/ /k lektv/ /km pel/ / knflkt/ /bi n knflkt bat sm/ / kredt/
collective** compelling conflict* beinconflictaboutsomething
famousandpraisedbymanypeople Ihavesolongedtomeetyour celebratedson. toquestionwhethersomethingistrue,accurate,or Shechallengesthereceivedwisdomthatmenandwomenare legal fromdifferentplanets. awayoflifethatdoesnotincludeanysexualactivity, TheVowofChastitywasthenamefortherulesoutliningDogme especiallyforreligiousreasons 95sreturntoamorepureformoffilm. Thechimneyintheoldhousehadtobecleanedbeforeafire couldbelit. tosmokeveryheavily Mybosssmokeslikeachimney. thejoborskillofmakingfilms Themovieissuretowinawardsforits cinematography. atypeofinformalEnglishspokenbysomeoneborn ThestoryconcernsElizaDoolittle,aCockneywhotakesspeech lessonsfromProfessorHenryHiggins,aphoneticist. intheeastend(=easterncentralpart)ofLondon, especiallyaworkingclassperson involvingallthemembersofagroup Whatarethebenefitsof collective andindividualpractice,inyour opinion? interestingorexcitingenoughtokeepyourattention Thisisacompellingfilm. completely angrydisagreementbetweenpeopleorgroups Peopletendtodescribegenuine conflictsascommunication problems. toangrilydisagreeaboutsomething Theywereneverinconflictaboutwhosejobcamefirst. Thedirectormustnotbe credited. ClintoncreditedMikeBoordawithbringingpeacetoBosnia.
157 42 45
49
49 46 53 42 157 45
589 590 credit*
creditsomeonewithsomething
591 592 593 594 595 596 597
tosayorbelievethatsomeoneisresponsiblefora particularachievement phrase / kredt smwn w sm/ /di bk/ toprovethatsomethingsuchasanideaorbeliefis falseandsilly todescribesomeoneorsomethingusingwordsor pictures alargemassofairatlowpressurethatusuallybrings colderweatherandrain storinginformationsuchassoundorpicturesas numbersorelectronicsignals causingdifficultiesthatinterruptsomethingor preventitfromcontinuing thingsthataredivergentaredifferentfromeach other abelieforsetofbeliefsthatpeopleareexpectedto acceptwithoutaskingquestionsaboutthem
debunk* depict** depression** digitally** disruptive divergent dogma
verb verb noun adverb adjective adjective noun
Researchdebunksthemyththatwomentalkmorethanmen. 43 Thefilmispartofawaveofmoviesthat depicttherecenthistory oftheBritishmonarchy. Theshallowdepressioninthewestoftheseislandsislikelyto moveslowlyinaneasterlydirection. Thepolicewereabletoidentifythethieffrom digitallyenhanced CCTVimages. Soareyousayingthathes disruptive? Theprogramhasbeensubsidisedbytenpolitically divergent governments. Theideathatmenandwomenspeakdifferentlanguageshas becomeadogma. 52 157
/dpkt/ /dpre()n/ / ddt()li/ /ds rptv/ /dav(r)d()nt/
158 47
598
/ dm/
43
A 599
downside
noun
/ dan sad/
thedisadvantageornegativeaspectofsomething
duchess
600
noun / dts/
Whatdoyouthinkwouldbethemeritsand downsidesofmaking afilmaccordingtotheguidelines? awomanwhohasthesamesocialpositionasaduke HenryistryingtoteachElizatotalkandactlikea duchess. (=amanwithaveryhighsocialposition,justbelow thatofaprince),orwhoismarriedtoaduke Theirmeagresupplieshavetobe ekedoutthroughoutthe winter.
44
48
ekeout
601
phrasalverb / i k
a t/ togetjustenoughmoneyorfoodtobeableto continuetoexist Thefamilybarelymanages toekeoutanexistencefromtheir smallfarm.
ekeoutanexistence
602 603 604 605 606 607
phrase eliminate** emancipation engage** engagesomeoneinconversation enrol enrolinsomething verb noun verb phrase verb
/ i k
a t n zst()ns/ togetridofsomethingthatisnotwantedorneeded Manyinfectiousdiseaseshavebeenvirtually eliminated. theprocessofgivingfreedomandrightstosomeone Strangely,thestrictsetofruleswesetourselveshaveturnedout tobeemancipationalmost. Researchshowsthatbothsexes engageinbothkindsoftalk. tostarthavingaconversationwithsomeone Iknowthisistrue,butIwantto engageyouinconversation. 48 Around5,000studentsareexpectedto enrol attheuniversitythis year. ifyouenrolinacourseorprogramme,youputyour Whenstudents enrolinoneofthe180ncleosbasedaround nameontheofficiallistofitsstudentsormembers Venezuela,theyareassignedtogroupsfromdayone. WhatexactlyisElSistema? usedasareplyforsayingthatyoucompletelyagree "Thebusservicerunseverytenminutes,doesn'tit?"" Yes, withsomeone exactly!" usedasareplyforsayingthatsomeonehasnot No,ImnotsayingthatexactlybutIthinkweneedtohelpthose understoodyouwell lessfortunatethanus. Pleaseexcusemyuntidyhandwriting. usedforpolitelygettingsomeonesattention Excuseme,wouldyouopenthedoorforme,please? usedforaskingsomeonetorepeatsomething Excuseme,whatdidyousay? theamountoftimethatyouallowlighttoreachthe Ifthereistoolittlelightfor exposurethescenemustbecut. filminacamerawhentakingaphotograph toexplainsomethingortoexpressyouropinion aboutitindetail Itwillbeanopportunityto expoundtheideashehasbeen developing. Mentalkmoreaboutthingsand facts. KingGeorgeVIsbraveperformancehad infactgreatly encouragedtheBritishduringtheSecondWorldWar. 43 47 46
/lmnet/ /mnspe()n/ /n ed/ /n ed smwn n knv(r) se()n/ /n rl/
44 43
608 609 exactly*** 610
phrase adverb phrase phrase verb phrase phrase noun
/n rl n sm/ /zk(t)li/ / jes zk(t)li/ / n am nt se t zk(t)li/ /k skju z/ /k skju z mi / /k skju z mi /
Yes,exactly No,Imnotsayingthatexactly
611 612 excuse** 613 excuseme 614 Excuseme?
139
exposure**
615
/k sp(r)/
45
expound
616 617 fact***
verb noun
/k spand/ /fkt/ usedforsayingwhatisreallytrue,whenthisis surprisingordifferentfromwhatpeoplethink
infact
618
phrase
/ n
fkt/
52
A 619 620
fairytale afairytaleending filter**
noun phrase noun noun phrase phrasalverb adjective
/ feri tel/ / feri tel end/
621 622 623 624
/ flt(r)/ /f/ / f at v p/ wt(r)/
fish*** afishoutofwater flagup focused
Howthecouplemetcouldbedescribedasamodernday fairytale. ahappyandoftenimpossiblyperfectendingtoa Herboyfriend'sproposaltoherwas afairytaleendingtoa story romanticweekendinParis. aglassorplasticobjectthatyouputonacamerato Thefilmincludestheuseofcoloured filtersduringmanyofthe songsequences. changethecolouroramountoflightthatpasses throughthelens Kennykeepstropical fish. someonewhoisinasituationthattheyknow nothingaboutorarenotusedto tomentionsomethingsothatpeopleknowaboutit concentratingonaparticularaimandnotwasting timeorenergyonotherthings thegameoffootball usingalotofswearwords Ifeltlikeafishoutofwateronmyfirstdayatschool.
44
49 Imjustkindofflaggingupthathisconcentrationisnotquiteas goodasEllies. She'sabitmore focusedaboutgettingonwithhertasks. Hechangedthetimeof footiepracticeonThursday. Heisplayingafoulmouthedlawyerinthenewfilm. Frustratedwiththetechnicalwizardryofmoderncinema,agroup ofindependentDanishdirectorssetoutamanifesto,called Dogme95. Afterfeelingfrustratedwithherjobformanyyears,shefinally decidedtoresign. AccordingtoCameron,thisclaimisasweeping generalisation. Genremoviesarenotacceptable. 45 158 158 157
/ fl
625 626 footie 627
foulmouthed frustrated*
/ fkst/ noun,informal / fti/ / fal mad/, / fal adjective mat/ adjective
628 629 630
tofeelfrustratedwithsomething generalisation* genre*
phrase noun noun
/frstretd/ /t fi l fr stretd w sm/ / den()rlazen/
45
feelannoyedandimpatientbecauseyouare preventedfromachievingsomething astatementthatistrueinmostsituations aparticularstyleusedincinema,writing,orart, whichcanberecognisedbycertainfeatures
42
631
/ nr/ asituationinwhichlifeisverydifficult,usually becauseyoudonothaveenoughmoney / h(r)dp/ asituationinwhichpeopleliveandworkwellwith Womensuseoflanguageiscooperative,reflectingtheir preferenceforequalityand harmony. otherpeople,orinawaythatdoesnotdamage thingsaroundthem extremelyfunny Thisisahilariousfilm. tostopsomeoneorsomethingfrommakingprogress Thestrictnessoftheruleshavenot hindered,butonthecontrary, ordeveloping haveencouragedmyimagination. Givedirectionsonhowtogettoyour house. tobecomegoodfriendsveryquicklyandhavealot Shesgettingonlikeahouseonfire. totalktoeachotherabout anideathatattemptstoexplainsomethingbuthas Theideathatmenandwomenspeakdifferentlanguagesisnot notyetbeentestedorprovedtobecorrect treatednotasa hypothesistobeinvestigated. Manystudentsarefacingfinancial hardship.
hardship
632
noun
harmony**
633 634 hilarious 635 636 house*** 637
noun adjective verb noun phrase noun
/ h(r)mni/ /hleris/ / hnd(r)/ /has/ /et n lak fa(r)/
43 53 44 50 49
hinder
getonlikeahouseonfire hypothesis*
has n
638
/hapss/
43
A 639
immobility impoverished
noun adjective
/ mblti/
atotallackofmovement verypoor
Anymovementor immobilityattainableinthehandispermitted. 45 Theprogramhasofferedfreemusicaltrainingtoover800,000 childrenandyoungpeople,90%ofthemfrom impoverished backgrounds. Choosetwoorthreeofthelinesand improviseconversations aroundthesentencesintheexercise.
640
/m pvrt/ ifaperformerinaplayoragroupofmusicians improvises,theyinventwordsormusicalnotes withoutpreparingthemorlearningthembefore / mprvaz/
47
improvise
641
verb
43 aningrainedattitude,belief,orhabithasexistedfor Lapsesonedaycanbecorrectedbeforetheybecome ingrained alongtimeandcannoteasilybechanged badhabitsinthedaysafter.
ingrained
642
adjective
/n rend/ informationthatisputintoacomputerorapieceof Thenyouregoingtoneedtotakethetelevisionandputitto electronicequipmentusinganothermachinesuchas Input1. akeyboardormicrophone showingaverygoodunderstandingofapersonora Thisisaninsightfulfilm. complicatedsituation It'sawebsitedevotedtoenvironmental issues. Shetakesissuewiththereceivedwisdomthatmenandwomen arefromdifferentplanets. Ithasbeenlinkedwithamarkedreductionin juvenile delinquency. Shestokeeptotwosubjects:theweatherandeverybodys health. Lapsesonedaycanbecorrectedbeforetheybecomeingrained badhabitsinthedaysafter. Alightbreezestirredthe leavesofthetalloaktreeoutsideher window. IwasshakinglikealeafwhenItookmydrivingtest. Eachindividualhasadifferent learningcurve. Thelifeaffirmingvitalityofitsorchestralperformancescanbe tracedtotheprinciplesattheheartofitstraining. Communicationcanbreakdownbecauseofthe limitationsof language. Alocationmustbechosenwherethispropistobefound.
47
input**
643 644 645 646 647
noun adjective noun phrase noun phrasalverb noun noun
/ npt/ / nsatf()l/ / u /, / sju / /tek u , sju w smwn, sm/
157 43
insightful issue*** takeissuewithsomeone/something juveniledelinquency keepto
648 649
lapse leaf***
todisagreewithsomeone,ortodisagreeabout something acrimeormanycrimescommittedbyayoung / du vnal dlkwnsi/ person tofollowanagreementorarule,bydoingwhatyou shoulddoorwhatyousaidyouwoulddo / ki p tu / acrimeormanycrimescommittedbyayoung person /lps/
42 47
157 47
650 651 652 learningcurve 653 654 655 656
/li f/ shakelikealeaf phrase noun adjective noun noun phrase / ek lak li f/ / l(r)n k(r)v/ / laf frm/ / lmte()n/ /lke()n/ / n lke()n/ toshakealot,forexamplebecauseyouarecold, nervous,orafraid therateatwhichyoulearnsomething makingyoufeelhappyandpositiveaboutlife adisadvantageorweakpointthatmakessomeone orsomethinglesseffective 49 47 47 42 45 intheplacewhereafilmorTVprogrammeismade, Filmingmustbedone onlocation. awayfromastudio 45
lifeaffirming limitation** location*** onlocation
A 657 658
log** sleeplikealog manifesto
noun phrase noun noun noun phrase noun adjective noun phrase verb noun adjective noun noun adjective adjective noun phrase verb adjective
/l/ / sli p lak l/ tosleepverywell
Thechildrenwentouttocollect logsforthefirewhiletheir parentsunpacked. IalwayssleeplikealogafterIvebeenworkingoutatthegym. 49
aformalstatementexpressingtheaimsandplansof AgroupofindependentDanishdirectorssetouta manifesto, agroupororganisation,especiallyapoliticalparty calledDogme95. / mnfest/ /met/ / mem()ri/ / hv sv/ / mert/ mem()ri lak tohaveanextremelybadmemory anadvantageorgoodqualitythatsomeoneor somethinghas soattractedbyorinterestedinsomethingthatyou donotnoticeorpayattentiontoanythingelse aroundyou Ihaveamemorylikeasievewhenitcomestoremembering dates. Whatdoyouthinkwouldbethe meritsanddownsidesofmaking afilmaccordingtotheguidelines? Theorchestralperformanceshas mesmerisedaudiencesaround theworld. Myannualmileageisabout10,000miles. mald jet usedtosaythatthereisstillsomeadvantageor opportunitytobegotoutofsomething tounderstandorexplainsomethingwrongly afailuretounderstandsomeoneorsomething correctly includingordesignedforstudentswithdifferent levelsofeducationalability atypeofgovernmentinwhichacountryisruledbya kingorqueen themainlanguagethatyoulearnasachild containingmanydifferentaspects,features,or qualities notasbrightorcolourfulasusual TheressomemileageyetintheDogmefranchise. 128 Thesedifferencesroutinelyleadtoeachsex misinterpretingthe othersintentions. Itisnottruethat misunderstandingsbetweenthesexesarevery common. Studentsnormallypractisein mixedabilitygroups. 43 42 46 52 45 52 130 49 44 usedfortalkinginafriendlywaytosomeone, especiallyaman theabilitytorememberthings He'soverthere,talkingtohis mates. Thememoryofthatnightisstillclearinhismind. 45
659 660 661 662 663
mate** memory*** haveamemorylikeasieve merit** mesmerised
664 665 666 667 668 669
/ mezmrazd/ / mald/ /(r)z sm n/
47
mileage theressomemileageyetin... misinterpret misunderstanding** mixedability monarchy*
/ msn t(r)prt/ / msnd(r) stnd/ / mkst blti/ / mn(r)ki/ / m(r) t/ / mlti fstd/ / mju td/ /ni e()n/ /bi p f(r) ni e()n/
670 671 mothertongue 672 673 674 675
multifaceted muted negotiation** beupfornegotiation nominate*
676 677 optical*
/ nmnet/ / ptk()l/
Thefilmispartofawaveofmoviesthatdepicttherecenthistory oftheBritishmonarchy. Useofthemothertongueisforbidden. FirthgivesanoutstandingperformanceasBertie,whocomes acrossasacomplexand multifacetedfigure. DanishdirectorLoneScherfigusesnaturallighting, muted cinematographyandapartiallyimprovisedscript. Thefootballerhiredalawyertohelpwithhis contract negotiationswiththenewteam. tobeabletobechangedoragreeduponafter Formanycouplestoday,prettymucheverything isupfor discussion negotiation. toofficiallysuggestthatsomeoneshouldbegivena Eachteamhasto nominatealeader. job,orthatsomeoneorsomethingshouldreceivea prize connectedwithsightorlight Opticalworkandfiltersareforbidden.
157
45
A 678 679
outset* fromtheoutset paradigm
noun phrase noun interjection
/ at set/ / frm i at set/ rightfromthestartofsomething asetofideasthatareusedforunderstandingor explainingsomething,especiallyinaparticular subject usedforpolitelyaskingsomeonetorepeat somethingyoudidnothearordidnotunderstand
Developersstartedconstructiononthehomesintherural outsetsofthecity. Childrenacquirehabitsofdisciplineandperseverance fromthe outset. Thisemphasisoncollectivemusicmakingrepresentsacomplete inversionoftheestablishedmusictraining paradigm. Pardon,whatdidyousay? Idon'treallylikeyournewjacket!'' Pardon?'
47
680 681 pardon*
/ prdam/ / p(r)d()n/
47
pardon?
682
phrase Ibegyourpardon?
/ p(r)d()n/ amoreformalwayofpolitelyaskingsomeoneto repeatsomethingyoudidnothearordidnot understand Areyoureadytoleave?'' Ibegyourpardon?''Iwasjustaskingif you'rereadytoleave.'
683
phrase passoff phrasalverb
/a
be j(r)
p(r)d()n/ Theprotestmarch passedoffwithoutanyserioustrouble.
684
/ ps
f/ tomakepeoplebelievethatapersonorthingis somethingelse IveasortofbetonthatIll passheroffasaduchessinsix months. 49 inawaythatissoobviousthatnoonecoulddisagree Thatisapatentlyridiculousclaim. 156 toallowsomeonetodosomething,ortoallow somethingtohappen adeterminedattitudethatmakesyoucontinue tryingtoachievesomethingdifficult aneventorsituationthatcanbeseentohappenor exist someonewhostudiesphonetics(=thestudyofthe soundsusedinspeech) toconnectapieceofequipmenttoanelectricity supplyortoanotherpieceofequipment ifanactorportraysaperson,theyplaythepartof thatpersoninafilm,playetc thewaythatsomethingorsomeoneisportrayed Anymovementorimmobilityattainableinthehandis permitted. 45 Childrenacquirehabitsofdisciplineand perseverancefromthe outset. ElSistemaishailedasthemostextraordinarysocial phenomenon ofourtimes. ElizaDoolittletakesspeechlessonsfromProfessorHenryHiggins, aphoneticist. Youhaveto plugthecableintothebackoftheTV. 47 47 49
passsomeone/somethingoffassome 685 phrase

686 687 688 689 690
/ps smwn, sm f z sm/ / pet()ntli/ /p(r) mt/ / p(r)svrns/ /f nmnn/ /fnetsst/
patently permit* perseverance phenomenon** phoneticist plugin/into
adverb verb noun noun noun phrasalverb verb noun noun
691 692 693 694
/ pl
n,
ntu / ThebookportraysCaribbeansocietyagainstabackgroundofthe FrenchRevolution. TheKing'sSpeech isamovingportrayalofthestruggleofKing GeorgeVItoovercomeaspeechdefect. Whatarethebenefitsofcollectiveandindividual practice,inyour opinion? Shearguesthatresearchshowsthat, inpractice,menandwomen areverysimilar.
50
portray* portrayal practice*** inpractice
/p(r) tre/ /p(r) trel/ / prkts/
52 46
usedfortalkingaboutwhatreallyhappensas opposedtowhatyouthinkwillorshouldhappen phrase / n prkts/
695
42
premise
696
noun
aprincipleorstatementthatyouconsidertobetrue, Herbasicpremiseisthattherearemoresimilaritiesthan thatyoubaseotherideasandactionson differencesbetweenthetwosexes. / prems/ afilm,play,televisionorradioprogramme,CDetc, especiallywhenyouaretalkingaboutthewayitis createdandperformed ahighdegreeofabilityorskillinsomething Therulewasrelaxedtoallowlowbudget productions. 45 Nooneiseverturnedawaybecauseoflackoffinancialresources orproficiency. Addingamusicalscorewassuddenly prohibited. 47 44 45 42
production***
697 698 699 700
noun noun verb noun noun
/pr dk()n/ /pr f()nsi/ /prhbt/ /prp/
proficiency prohibit* prop proposition**
toofficiallystopsomethingfrombeingdone, especiallybymakingitillegal apieceoffurnitureorsmallobjectusedinaplayor Propsandsetsmustnotbebroughtin. film astatementthatpeoplecanexamineinorderto Themythisthepropositionthatmenandwomendiffer decidewhetheritistrue fundamentallyinthewaytheyuselanguagetocommunicate. tohaveorexpressdoubtsaboutsomething
701
/ prp z()n/ Amanisbeingquestionedbydetectivesinconnectionwiththe murderofayounggirl.
43
question***
702
verb
/ kwest()n/ /rsi vd pr nnsi e()n/, /(r) pi / /rsi vd /rkant/ /rfju t/ /rli s/ wzdm/ awayofspeakingBritishEnglishthatisconsideredto ElizawastryingtolearnstandardBritishEnglishpronunciation bethestandardpronunciationintheUK (alsoknownasRP,orreceivedpronunciation). 49 Shechallengesthereceivedwisdomthatmenandwomenare fromdifferentplanets. ThefilmrecountsthestruggleofKingGeorgeVItoovercomea speechdefect. tosaythatastatementisnottrueoraccurate InTheMythofMarsandVenus ,Cameronrefutesthetheorythat withoutgivingproof menandwomencommunicatedifferently. afeelingoffreedomthatyouhaveafteradifficultor Strangely,thestrictsetofruleswesetourselveshaveturnedout emotionalexperience tobearelease. remotecontrol:apieceofequipmentthatyouuse Togetapicture,clickonthebuttonthatsays'Input'onthe remote. forcontrollingamachinesuchasatelevisionor stereosystemfromashortdistanceaway famousandadmiredforaspecialskillor achievement givingyousatisfaction,pleasure,orprofit aplanorsystemthatisdesignedtoprotectpeople orpreventseriousproblems themusicwrittenforafilm,playetc Ithasproducedinternationally renownedperformersand conductors, Whichskillwouldyoupersonallyfindmost rewardingor frustratingtolearn? Theyformabondandanetworkthatisbotha safetynetanda newreasontolive. Addingamusicalscorewassuddenlyprohibited. Councilservicesaresubjecttoclose scrutinytoensuretheir efficiency. beliefsoropinionsthatmostpeopleaccepttobe correct tosaywhathappened 42 53 42 44
ReceivedPronunciation(RP)
703 704 705 706 707
noun noun verb verb noun
receivedwisdom recount* refute release***
remote
708 709 710
noun /rmt/
50 47 46 130 44
renowned rewarding safetynet
adjective adjective noun noun noun
/rnand/ /rw(r)d/ / sefti net/ /sk(r)/
711 712 score***
scrutiny**
713
/ skru tni/
A 714 715
notstanduptoscrutiny selfhelpbook sequel
phrase noun noun
/nt stnd p t skru tni/ /self help bk/
tobefoundtohavedefectsifcarefullyexamined
AccordingtoCameron,thisclaimdoes notstanduptoscrutiny. 42
aselfhelpbookisdesignedtohelpyoutosolveyour Doesshegenerallyagreeordisagreewiththeclaimsofthe self ownproblems helpbooks? abook,film,playetcthatcontinuesthestoryofan ShehaswrittenasequeltoJaneAusten's'PrideandPrejudice'. earlierone astageorotherplacewhereafilmortelevision programmeismadeorwhereaplayisperformed Strangely,thestrictsetofruleswesetourselveshaveturnedout tobearelease.
42
716
/ si kwl/ set ***

1
noun /set/ verb verb
717 718
44 towriteorproduceaplay,book,filmetcthat happensinaparticulartimeorplace totakephotographs,ortomakeafilmorvideo Strangely,thestrictsetofruleswesetourselveshaveturnedout tobearelease. Wewereorderednotto shootuntilhegavethesignal. Filmsmustbeshotincolour. Inwhatothersortsofsituationsdoyounormallyengagein small talk? Thecrowdcouldn'thelpbut sniggerwhenthetwodancers trippedovereachother. I'msorryIbehavedinsuchachildishway. usedforpolitelyaskingsomeonetorepeat somethingthattheyhavesaid ashortcommentbyapoliticianorotherfamous personthatistakenfromalongerconversationor speechandbroadcastalonebecauseitisvery interestingoreffective Sorry,couldyourepeatthat,please? 50 Ifthesepointswereacknowledged,thescience soundbiteswould beheadedMenandwomenprettysimilar,researchfinds. 43 42 52 44
set *** shoot***
/set/
719 720 shot 721
/u t/ thepasttense /t/ noun verb adjective phrase noun / sand bat/ / sml tk/
45 48
smalltalk snigger
722 723 724
/ sn(r)/ / sri/ /am sri/
informalconversationaboutthingsthatarenot important tolaughquietly,especiallyatsomethingthatisrude oratsomethingunpleasantthathashappenedto someone
sorry** (Im)sorry?
soundbite
725 726 727
spatialawareness speechdefect star***
noun noun verb noun
/ spe()l we(r)ns/ / spi t di fekt/
someonesabilitytounderstandsize,shape,position, Menhavebetter spatialawarenessthanwomen. anddepth afaultinthewaysomeonespeaks TheKing'sSpeech isamovingportrayalofthestruggleofKing GeorgeVItoovercomea speechdefect. ifafilm,play,televisionprogrammeetcstars Sarahhasmissedherchanceof starringintheschoolplay. someone,theyarethemainactororperformerinit aroomorroomswheremusicorafilm,television FilmedinblackandwhiteinPinewood Studios,thisclassicthriller show,orradioshowisrecorded wasdirectedbyAlfredHitchcock. atranslationofwhatpeoplearesayinginaforeign IfIhavefreetime,Itendtowatchmovieswithout subtitles. languagefilmortelevisionprogramme,thatappears atthebottomofthescreen affectingorinvolvingonlythesurfaceoroutsidepart Thefilmmustnotcontain superficialaction. ofsomething
728 729
/st(r)/ / stju di/ 44
studio***
subtitle
730 731
noun / sb tat()l/
158 45
superficial*
adjective
/ su p(r) f ()l/
A 732 733
sweeping systematically* taboo
adjective adverb adjective
/ swi p/ / sst mtkli/
notbasedonspecificfactsordetailsandtherefore notcompletelyaccurateorfair accordingtoacarefulplanandinathoroughway ifsomethingistaboo,peopledonotdoitortalk aboutitbecauseitisoffensiveorshocking
Weneedtorejecttriteformulasand sweepingclaimsaboutmale andfemalelanguageuse. Researchdebunksthemyththatmenandwomen systematically misunderstandoneanother. Whenyoufirstmeetsomeoneinyourcountry,areanytopicsof conversationtaboo? ElSistema isinnovativebecauseofitsemphasison teamwork.
43 43
734 735
/t bu / teamwork telepathy noun noun adjective noun phrase adjective / ti m w(r)k/ /t lepi/ / temp()rl/ / ri/ / n ri/ workthatyoudotogetherwithotherpeople theabilityofpeopletocommunicatedirectlywith eachothersminds,withoutusingwords relatingtotime
48 46 Thereispotentialforcommunicationtogoawry,simplybecause languageisnottelepathy. Temporalandgeographicalalienationareforbidden. InTheMythofMarsandVenus ,Cameronrefutesthe theorythat menandwomencommunicatedifferently. usedforsayingthatsomethingisbelievedtobetrue, Intheory,anythingcouldhappen. althoughitmaynotbetrue interestinginawaythatmakesyouthinkofnew Thisisathoughtprovokingfilm. ideasorthatchangesyourattitudetosomething atriteremarkisnotinterestingororiginalbecauseit Weneedtoreject trite formulasaboutmaleandfemalelanguage iswhatpeopleusuallysayinthatsituation use. 43 45 42
736 737 temporal 738 739
theory*** intheory thoughtprovoking
740
/ t pr vk/
53
trite
741 742 743
adjective adjective adjective noun adjective noun noun
/trat/ /n (r)dks/ / p(r) kl s/ notfollowingtheusualrulesorbeliefsofyour Bertieovercamehisstammerwiththehelpofan unorthodox religion,societyetc speechtherapist. relatingtopeoplewhohavethehighestsocialstatus ElizawastryingtoloseherregionalCockneyaccentsothatshe couldsoundmorelikean upperclassperson. astatement Grayseemstosuggestthatmenhear utterancessuchasCould youemptythetrash?aspurelyhypotheticalquestions. originalandshowingalotofimagination energy,orenthusiasm ElSistemaisauniqueprogrammebythe visionaryformer economistJosAbreu. Thelifeaffirmingvitalityofitsorchestralperformanceshas mesmerisedaudiencesaroundtheworld. Soldierswereabletogetfoodand wateracrosstheborder.
43 52 49
unorthodox upperclass utterance*
744 745 746
/ t()rns/ / vn()ri/ /vatlti/
156 47 47
visionary vitality water***
747 748
/ wt(r)/ / hld wt(r)/ dks ifanexplanationorargumentholdswater,itistrue usedforsayingthatthingssuchascriticismsor insultsdonotaffectsomeonebecausetheyhave dealtwithalotofthembefore AccordingtoCameron,thisclaim doesnotholdwater. 42 Hetakesnonoticeifyoutellhimoffitslike wateroffaducks back. 49 Therearenosignificantdifferencesinthe waymenandwomen uselanguage. 42
holdwater wateroffaducksback
phrase
749 750
phrase way*** noun
/ wt(r) f bk/ /we/
A 751
inaway whereas***
phrase conjunction
/ n
we/
fromonepointofview
Inaway,Iagreewithyou.
752 753 754 755
/wer z/ widescreen widespread** wizardry adjective adjective noun / wad skri n/ / wad spred/ / wz(r)dri/
usedforcomparingtwothings,people,situationsetc Mentalkmoreaboutthingsandfacts, whereaswomentalkmore aboutpeople,relationshipsandfeelings. andshowingthatthereisanimportantdifference betweenthem madetobeshownonascreenthatgivesawider ThefinalpicturemustbetransferredtoAcademy35mmfilm, viewthananormalscreengives thatis,notwidescreen. happeningorexistinginmanyplaces,oraffecting Itisamythintheeverydaysense:a widespreadbutfalsebelief. manypeople somethingcreatedusingahighlevelofskill Filmstodayarefullofspecialeffectsandtechnical wizardry.
43 45 43 44
756 Unit5 757 758 759
abandon** acquit affiliation aidworker
verb verb noun noun noun noun noun noun adjective preposition
tostopbelievingorsupportinganidea / bndn/ / kwt/ / fli e()n/
Hismotherabandonedhimwhenhewasfivedaysold.
760 761 762
/ ed
w(r)k (r)/ rbri/
armedrobbery arson ASEAN
/ (r)md
/ (r)s()n/
763 764 765 766
/ esi n/ / slt/ / bdli bhevd/ /bsad/
assault** badlybehaved beside*** besideyourself(withanger/excitemen
tostateofficiallythatsomeoneisnotguiltyofthe Hissentencewaslateroverturnedandhewas acquitted. crimetheywereaccusedof connectionwithanorganisation,especiallyapolitical Youshouldstandupfortherightsofallpeople,regardlessof orreligiousone theirreligiousaffiliation. Theaidworkerriskedherlifetobringrefugeessafelyacrossthe someonewhoworksforaninternational border. organisationgivinghelpinaplacewherepeople needit thecrimeoftakingmoneyorpropertyillegally, Hewasarrestedandchargedwith armedrobbery. involvingtheuseofweapons theillegaluseoffiretodestroyahouse,building,or Thefireinvestigatorssaidtherewasnoindicationof arson. property ASEANmembersheldtheirannualmeetinginJuly. AssociationofSoutheastAsianNations:an organisationofcountriesforincreasingtradeand developmentinSoutheastAsia aphysicalattackonsomeone,orthecrimeof Hewaschargedwithassault. physicallyattackingsomeone abadlybehavedchildoranimalbehavesinaway Thebadlybehavedtoddlersdisruptedeveryone'sdinneratthe thatisrudeorroughandupsetspeople restaurant. Ikneltdownbesidethebed. unabletothinkclearlybecauseyouareveryangry, excited,worried,etc. Ihaveawifewhoisexpectingababyandrightlysheis beside herselfwithworry.
58 55
767
phrase betray** verb
/bsad j(r) self w (r), k satmnt, wri, et set()r/
158 ifyoubetrayyourcountry,orifyoubetraysomeone Aheroissomeonewhonever betraysfriends,familyornation. whoneedsyoursupport,youdeliberatelydo somethingthatharmsthemorhelpstheiropponents
768
/btre/
54
blackmail
769 770 771
noun noun adjective noun
/ blk mel/ / blsfmi/ /bli k/
blasphemy bleak* bribery*
thecrimeofmakingsomeonegiveyoumoneyordo whatyouwantbythreateningtotellpeople embarrassinginformationaboutthem somethingthatisconsideredoffensivetoGodor someonesreligiousbeliefs withoutanyreasonstofeelhappyorhopeful
Someonewastryingto blackmail himwithpicturesofhimandhis mistress. Thechurchconsideredthemovie blasphemyandencouragedits memberstoboycottit. Nevergiveuphope,however bleakasituationmayappear. 55
772
/ brab()ri/
BRIC
773 774 775 776
noun adjective noun noun noun
/brk/ / bru t()l/ / b(r)lri /sel/
brutal* burglary* cell*** coalition**
thecrimeofgivingmoneyorpresentstosomeoneso Heisappearingincourtonchargesof briberyandtaxevasion. thattheywillhelpyoubydoingsomethingdishonest orillegal BRICcountrieshaveallrecentlyexperiencedrapideconomic Brazil,Russia,IndiaandChina:countrieswhose economicdevelopmentisatmoreorlessthesame growth. stage extremelyviolent Therecentbrutalgenocidehasresultedinwidespreadmigration. 56 thecrimeofenteringabuildingillegallyinorderto stealthings asmallroomwhereaprisoneriskept atemporaryunionofdifferentpoliticalpartiesthat agreetoformagovernmenttogether Burglariesareontheincreaseinthearea. Therebellioncrushed,theguardsthensetupaprivilege cell system. Heisgratefulfortheprotectionofthe coalitionwarships.
61
777
/ k l()n/ / kmjn()l/, /k mju n()l/ /k mju nti ownedorusedbyeveryoneinagroup,especiallya groupofpeoplewholiveinthesamebuilding someonewhoworksgivinghelptopeopleinthe w(r)k (r)/ village,urbandistrictetcwheretheylive Iliveinablockofflats,anditsveryfriendlyand communal.
58
communal*
778
adjective
159 Heoweshislifetothecommunityworkerswhokepthimaway fromalifeofdrugsandviolence.
communityworker
779
noun
compromise*
780 781
verb noun
tosolveaproblemorendanargumentbyaccepting Herrefusalto compromiseinfuriatedhercolleagues. thatyoucannothaveeverythingthatyouwant / kmprmaz/ /kn se()n/ togiveorallowsomethingtosomeoneinorderto reachanagreement Hesaidtherecouldbeno concessionstotheterrorists. Youhavetobepreparedto makeconcessionsinarelationship.
concession** makeaconcession
782 783 784 785
phrase confront** convict** conviction** verb verb noun
/ mek kn se()n/ /kn frnt/ /kn vkt/ /kn vk()n/ GilgameshandEnkiduareaboutto confrontthemonster Humbaba. toproveinacourtoflawthatsomeoneisguiltyofa NedKellywasconvictedinhisabsenceoftheattemptedmurder crime ofapoliceman. astrongbelieforopinionaboutsomething Shehasaconvictionfordangerousdriving. todealwithadifficultsituation 54 58
convoy
786 787
noun adjective
/ knv/ /k rpt/
corrupt*
corruption**
788
noun /k rp()n/
agroupofvehiclesorshipstravellingtogether,often Coalitionshipsprovide convoystoescortshipsacrosstheseas. withothervehiclesorshipsprovidingprotectionfor them doingdishonest,illegal,orimmoralthingsinorderto Thenewpolicechiefvowedtoprosecute corruptpoliceofficers. gainmoneyorpower dishonestorillegalbehaviourbyofficialsorpeoplein Thebankwascloseddownamidallegationsof corruptionand fraud. positionsofpower,especiallywhentheyaccept moneyinexchangefordoingthingsforsomeone theabilitytodosomethingthatyouknowisrightor Gilgameshsaid,Courage,dearbrother,thisisnotimetogivein tofear.' good,eventhoughitisdangerous,frightening,or verydifficult verybraveanddetermined Frankfoughta courageousbattleagainstcancer. tocompletelydefeatsomeonewhoisopposingyou, Theguardscrushedtherebellionandthensetupaprivilegecell especiallybyusingforceorviolence system.
59
courage**
789 790
noun adjective verb noun noun noun noun verb verb
/ krd/ /k reds/
55
courageous crush**
791 792 793 794 795 796
/kr/ / sakln/ / de /det/ /dklan/ /dfend/ areductionintheamountorqualityofsomething Therehasbeena declineintourism. penlti/ aseverestorminwhichthewindspinsinacircle Imnowmoreafraidofpiracythanstormsand cyclones.
61 158 legalpunishmentbydeath,usuallyforaserious Shereceivedthedeathpenalty,buthersentencewascommuted crimesuchasmurder totransportationtoAustralia. asituationinwhichyouowemoneytootherpeople $1.3billionofdebthasbeenwrittenoffbytheIMF. 58 57 65 1toprotectsomeoneorsomethingfrom Youshoulddefendtherightsofallpeople. attack Theywenttogreatlengthsto dehumanisetheirenemies. tomakepeoplestopfeelingandbehavinglike normalpeople,especiallybytreatingthemvery badly toshowclearlythatsomethingistrueorthatitexists Itdemonstratesthatbyfarthemosturgentproblemaffectingall childrenislackofaccesstosanitationfacilities. toseriouslydamageorcompletelydestroy something tomakesomeoneunabletothinkclearlyormake sensibledecisions Therearestoriesofheroismofpeoplewhogooutandcarefor familiesthathavebeen devastatedbydisease. Thesuddendropinaltitude disorientatedtheyoungpilot. 55
cyclone deathpenalty debt*** decline*** defend*** dehumanise
797
/ di demonstrate*** verb verb verb
hju mnaz/
798 799
/ demnstret/ / devstet/
64 813
devastate* disorientate
800
/ds rintet/ asituationinwhichapersonisforcedtoleavetheir Therecentbrutalgenocidehasresultedinthe displacementof owncountryandgosomewhereelsetolive wholepopulationsonamassivescale. /ds plesmnt/ 56
displacement
801
noun
distresscall
802 803 804 805 806 807
noun adjective noun noun noun noun
amessagebyphone,radioetcfromaship,aircraft Alotofthetimetheydontrespondto distresscalls and,anyway, etcwhichisingreatdangerandlikelytosinkorcrash thepiratesaresoquick. /dstres kl/ suddenandsurprisingoreasytonotice From2005to2010,therewasadramaticfallintheincidenceof malaria. Duetotherecentlackofrainfall,thereisasevere drought. 158 65 56 158 54 56
dramatic*** drought emergency*** epic epidemic
/dr mtk/ /drat/ /m(r)d()nsi/ / epk/ / epdemk/
escort1
808
noun / esk(r)t/
alongperiodoftimewhenthereislittleornorain andcropsdie anunexpectedsituationinvolvingdangerinwhich Whenanemergencystrikesinmostplacesintheworld,weare immediateactionisnecessary workingtherealready. alongpoemthattellsastoryaboutancientpeople Thisepicpoemwaslostforcenturies,andthendiscoveredin andgods 1844. ExpertsfeartherecentoutbreakofTBcoulddevelopintoamajor asituationinwhichadiseasespreadsveryquickly andinfectsmanypeople epidemic. apersonoragroupofpeople,vehicles,shipsetcthat Coalitionshipsprovidean escortforshipsinthearea. gosomewherewithanotherperson,vehicle,shipetc inordertoprotectthemortopreventthemfrom escaping togosomewherewithaperson,vehicle,shipetcin ordertoprotectthemortopreventthemfrom escaping anevilpersondoesverybadorcruelthings topretendtohaveafeelingthatyoudonothave Coalitionshipsprovideconvoysto escortshipsacrosstheseas.
59
escort2
809 810 evil** 811 812 fame**
verb adjective verb noun noun adjective
/es k(r)t/ / i v()l/ /fek/ /fem/
fake
Thenatureof evil:cangoodpeopledobadthings? Thetravellerwasdetainedforusinga fakepassport.
59 61
famine*
813 814
/ fmn/ /f(r)m/
firm*** remainfirm
thestateofbeingfamous Heroismleadsto fameandglory. aseriouslackoffoodthatcontinuesforalongtime Aidworkerswereshockedtoseethedegreeof famineinthe andcausesmanypeopleinacountrytobecomeillor country. die Nofirmevidencelinkspollutionwithasthma. Itisbesttoremainfirminanargument,howeverconvincingyour tocontinuetoshowthatyouareincontrolofa opponentsargumentsmaybe. situationandwillnotbeeasilyforcedtodo something aknifewhosebladeishiddeninsidethehandleand Itwasntaflickknife,ofcourse,itwastwometalobjects. comesoutveryquicklywhenyoupushabutton tohitsomeoneveryhardwithastickorwhipasa punishment asituationinwhichwaterfromariverorfromrain coverslargeareasofland tochangefrequently Hewasfloggedforstealingtimberfromagovernmentyard.
54
815
phrase flickknife noun verb noun verb
/rmen
f(r)m/
55
816 817
/ flk /flg/
naf/
159 58 Thelivelihoodsofpeopleintheworldspoorestregionsare continuallythreatenedbynaturaldisasterssuchas flooding. Between2000and2010unemployment fluctuated. 56 65
flog flooding
818 819 fluctuate
/ fld/ / flkuet/
forge*
820 821 822
verb noun noun
toillegallycopydocuments,papermoney,orworks ThomasBriggswassentencedtodeathfor forgingchequesin ofartwiththeintentionofcheatingpeople 1829. /f(r)/ /frd/ /em/ thecrimeofobtainingmoneyfromsomeoneby trickingthem Thewholeresearchprogrammewasanelaborate fraud. Monopolyisagameforallthefamily. usedforsayingthatthetruthhasbeendiscovered, WhentheyattackyouandsofartheEllivitahasbeenlucky especiallywhensomeonehasbeendoingsomething thegameisupquickly. wrongandwillhavetostop 58
fraud** game***
thegameisup
823 824 825 give*** 826 827
phrase genocide noun verb phrase phrasalverb noun noun phrase adjective phrase noun phrase pluralnoun verb
em z
p/ themurderoflargenumbersofpeoplebelongingto Therecentbrutal genocidehasresultedinthedisplacementof aparticularrace wholepopulationsonamassivescale. Thevolunteerswere giventheirroles. toagreetosomethingthatsomeoneelsewants Youshouldnever givewayonyourprinciples. insteadofwhatyouwant tostopcompetingorarguingandacceptthatyou Governmentsshouldnever giveintoterrorists. cannotwin admirationandpraisethatyougetbecauseyouhave Heroismleadstofameand glory. donesomethingimpressive Hisfeetwererootedtothe ground. torefusetochangeyouropinions,beliefs,or Itisbesttostandyourgroundinanargument. decisionsdespitepressuretochangethem Theregoesamanwitha guiltysecret. toofficiallydecidethatsomeonehascommitteda crime WarrenKerrwasfoundguiltyofstealingboottops.
158 56 60 55 55 54 55 55
/ ensad/ /v/ / v / v we t/ n/
giveway(to) givein glory**
828 829 ground*** 830 831 832 833 834
/ lri/ /rand/ / stnd j(r) / lti/ rand/
standyourground guilty*** findsomeoneguiltyofsomething halt* callahalttosomething handcuffs
/fand smwn sm/ /hlt/ / kl hlt t
lti v
58 Hehasappealedfora halttothefighting.
835 836
/ hn(d) kfs/ /h/
hang***
harass
837
verb / hrs/, /h rs/
toendsomething,oftenbyaformalorofficial sm/ decision metalringsthatapoliceofficerputsrounda prisonerswriststostopthemfromusingtheirhands orarms tokillsomeonebyputtingaropearoundtheirneck andmakingthemfall tokeepannoyingorupsettingsomeone,forexample bycriticisingthem,attackingthem,ortreatingthem inawaythatisoffensivetothem asituationinwhichlifeisverydifficult,usually becauseyoudonothaveenoughmoney
Theydecidedto callahalttotheprocess. 61 Hewassurprisedtoseehisneighbourhauledoffin handcuffs.
Hewasfinallyhangedin1880. 58 Theyputtheringleadersinsolitaryconfinement,while harassing theothers. 61 It'sjustextraordinarytohearsomeoneputtingtheneedsof othersbeforetheirownneedsatatimeofreal hardship. 158
hardship
838
noun
/ h(r)dp/
A 839 840
haunt* healthcare** hero**
verb noun noun
/hnt/ / hel ke(r)/
tomakesomeonefeelworriedandupsetforalong time theservicesthatlookafterpeopleshealth someonewhohasdonesomethingbrave,for examplesavingapersonslifeorriskingtheirownlife
Carolinewashauntedbyafearofcancer. Thequalityoflifeofpeopleindevelopingcountrieswouldbe improvedbyincreasedaccessto healthcare. Aheroissomeonewhofacesdangersandtrialswithoutfear.
56
841
/ hr/ Madonnawasher heroine. awomanwhohasdonesomethingbrave,for examplesavingapersonslifeorriskingtheirownlife / hern/ / hadk/ /hp/ / v p hp/ tostopbelievingthatsomethingyouwanttohappen mightbepossible apersonwhoistheprisonerofsomeonewho threatenstokillthemiftheydonotgetwhatthey want usedforsayingthatitmakesnodifferencehow good,bad,difficultetcsomethingisorhowmuch thereisofsomething toillegallytakecontrolofavehicle,especiallya plane,usingviolenceorthreats Thesedaystheyhijackships,taketheentirecrewhostageand demandhugeransoms. Theseyoungpeoplehaveno hopeforthefuture. Nevergiveuphope,howeverbleakasituationmayappear.
54
heroine
842 843 844 845
noun verb noun phrase noun
hijack hope*** giveuphope hostage*
158
55 Nowadaysthepiratesarestartingtoattackandshoottheir hostages. 58 Nevergiveuphope, howeverbleakasituationmayappear. 55 Twoofthehostageswerereleasedon humanitariangrounds.
846
/ hstd/
however***
847
adverb
/haev(r)/
humanitarian
848
adjective /hju
mnterin/ awar,flood,earthquakeetcwhichresultsinpeople Thisearthquakeistheworst humanitariandisasterinthe livinginverybadconditionsandsuffering country'shistory. Weworkthrough humanitarianemergencyrelief. 158 Hewasagenuinelyhumbleman. Hewasimpressedbytheyoungboy'shonestyand humility.
humanitariandisaster
849
phrase humanitarianrelief
/hju mnterin dzst(r)/
850 851
phrase humble humility adjective noun
852
hurricane
853
noun
idealise
854
verb
effortstohelppeoplewhoarelivinginverybad conditionsandaresufferingbecauseofawar,flood, /hju mnterin rli f/ earthquakeetc notproudandnotthinkingthatyouarebetterthan otherpeople / hmb()l/ awayofbehavingthatshowsthatyoudonotthink thatyouarebetterormoreimportantthanother people /hju mlti/ aviolentstormwithextremelystrongwindsand heavyrain / hrkn/, / hrken/ tobelieveorsuggestthatsomeoneorsomethingis perfectorbetterthantheyreallyare /adlaz/
Thelivelihoodsofpeopleintheworldspoorestregionsare continuallythreatenedbynaturaldisasterssuchas hurricanes. 56 Othersidealisedthemasheroes. 59
A 855
illiteracy
noun
/ltrsi/
theinabilitytoreadorwrite
Lackofaccesstoeducationhasresultedinhighlevelsof illiteracy. 65
IMF
856 857 imprisonment**
noun / a em ef/ /m prz()nmnt/
$1.3billionofdebthasbeenwrittenoffbythe IMF. theInternationalMonetaryFund:aninternational organisationthatworkstobalanceandmanagethe worldseconomyandtohelpcountrieswithweak economiestodevelop thepunishmentofbeingputintoprison asituationinwhichpeoplearenotequalbecause somegroupshavemoreopportunities,power, moneyetcthanothers wellknownforsomethingbad someonewhoiskeptinaprison,mentalhospital,or otherinstitution achemicalforkillinginsects,especiallythosethat damageplantsorcrops thequalityofalwaysbehavingaccordingtothe moralprinciplesthatyoubelievein,sothatpeople respectandtrustyou despiteaparticularfact,situation,orquality Theyweresentencedtosixmonths imprisonment. Therearegreat inequalitiesinhealthcareacrossthecountry. 57 58
noun noun adjective noun noun noun adverb phrase noun noun noun noun noun phrasalverb adjective noun
inequality*
858 859 infamous 860 861
/ nkwlti/ / nfms/ / n met/ /n sektsad/
inmate insecticide integrity**
Nobodycouldforgethis infamouscriminalpast. Hetoldfellowinmatesthattherereallywasnoescape. 61 Shestartedbuyingorganicfruitafterlearningoftheharmful insecticidessprayedonthecrops. Shehadareputationforhonestyandpersonal integrity.
862 863 irrespective 864
/n terti/ / rspektv/ / rspektv v/
irrespectiveof legalrepresentation
865 866 867 868 869 870 871
/ li ()l reprzen te()n/ / li ninsi/ / lab()l/ / laf ret()n dzi z/
Hecarriedonwithhisplan irrespective. Parentsshouldnotstandinthewayoftheirchildrensambitions, irrespectiveoftheirviews. alawyer(orgroupoflawyers)whospeaks,acts,oris Thequalityoflifeofpeopleindevelopingcountrieswouldbe presentforaperson,group,ororganisation improvedbyincreasedaccessto legalrepresentation. apunishmentthatisnotassevereasitcouldbe theillegalactofwritingthingsaboutsomeonethat arenottrue adiseasethatislikelytocausesomeonetodie Annoyedatwhattheysawasthe leniencyoftheirnightshift colleagues,theguardstookaction. Thecompanysuedthenewspaperfor libel. Shedisplayedgreatcourageinbattlinga lifethreateningdisease.
55 55
56 61
leniency libel lifethreateningdisease livelihood lockout loyal** loyalty**
/ lavlihd/ / l k / ll/ at/
872
/ llti/
malnutrition
873
noun
/ mlnjtr()n/
somethingsuchasyourworkthatprovidesthe Thelivelihoodsofpeopleintheworldspoorestregionsare moneythatyouneedtolive continuallythreatenedbynaturaldisasters. Shelockedhimoutofthehouseafteranargument. topreventsomeonefromcomingintoaroomor buildingbylockingthedoor willingtosupport,workfor,orbeafriendto Alwaysbeloyaltoyourfriendsandfamily,whatevertheymay someone,evenindifficulttimes havedone. Sheinspiresgreatloyaltyamongherstaff. supportthatyoualwaysgivetosomeoneor somethingbecauseofyourfeelingsofdutyandlove towardsthem Fivemillionpeoplehavebeensufferingfromsevere malnutrition. amedicalconditioninwhichyouareweakorill becauseyoudonoteatenoughordonoteatenough oftherightfoods
56
55
57
A 874 875
manslaughter marked** matter**
noun adjective noun
/ mn slt(r)/ /m(r)kt/
thecrimeofcausingsomeonesdeathillegallybut withoutintendingto clearandnoticeable
Hepleadedguiltytotwocountsof manslaughter. From2005to2010,therewasamarkedfallintheincidenceof malaria. Thegreaterdeprivationinruralareasisa matter ofconcerngiven thatthemajorityofchildreninBangladeshlivethere. Youshouldalwaysstanduptobullies, nomatterhowmuchthey maythreatenyou. 55 Therewerealwaysmischievousboysaround. Aheroissomeonewhohasstrongbeliefsandasenseof mission. 54 Thecompanypresenteda mockupoftheirnew,futuristiccarat theexposition. Heartdiseaseanddiabetesareamongthemostcommoncauses ofmortalityinlaterlife.
65
876
/ mt(r)/ nomatterhow/where/whatetc... /n mt(r) ha, we(r), wt et set()r/ / mstvs/ / m()n/ usedforsayingthatsomethingisnotimportantor willnothaveaneffect amischievousperson,especiallyachild,enjoys havingfunbycausingtrouble anaimthatisveryimportanttoapersonor organisation amodelofsomethingthatisthesamesizeasorvery similartotherealthing,usedespeciallyforresearch
64
877 878 879
phrase mischievous mission** mockup adjective noun noun
880
/ mkp/
mortality**
881 882 883
noun
/m(r) tlti/ / nfnt m(r) tlti/ /m(r) tlti / m(r)d(r)/ / nr/ ret/ thenumberofdeathsofbabiesandveryyoung children thenumberofdeathswithinaparticulararea,group etc thecrimeofkillingsomeonedeliberately tobecomeormakesomethingnarrower NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganisation:anorganisation ofNorthAmericanandEuropeancountriesthat providesmilitarysupportforitsmembers Infantmortalityhasbeenreducedbyonethirdandweexpect thesenumberstogetbetter. Twoyearsagothisregionsufferedfromoneoftheworlds highestmortalityratesduetomalaria. NedKellywasconvictedinhisabsenceoftheattempted murder ofapoliceman. Thegapbetweenrichandpoorhas narrowedby10%. Tenthousand NATOtroopsweresenttothewartorncountryto assistlocalforces. 57 57 58 57
infantmortality mortalityrate murder***
phrase phrase noun verb noun
884 885 narrow**
NATO
886
/ net/ naturaldisaster noun somethingthathappensinnatureandcausesalotof Thelivelihoodsofpeopleintheworldspoorestregionsare damageorkillsalotofpeople,forexampleafloodor continuallythreatenedby naturaldisasters. anearthquake nongovernmentalorganisation:anorganisationthat Shevolunteersforan NGO,workingtobringcleanwaterand isnotownedbythegovernment,butmayworkwith sanitationtosomeofthepoorestareasintheworld. governmentdepartments famousforsomethingbad totakeactioninordertopreventsomeonefrom doingsomethingortopreventsomethingfrom happening Thecityisnotoriousforitstrafficjams. Parentsshouldnot obstructtheirchildrensambitions, irrespectiveoftheirviews. 55
887
/ nt()rl dzst(r)/
56
NGO
888 889 notorious*
noun adjective verb / en di / /ntris/
obstruct
890
/b strkt/
OPEC
891 892 893 894 895
noun verb noun verb verb noun noun noun verb verb adjective verb verb noun
/ pek/ / (r)f( )n/ / at brek/ /p trl/ /pi k/
orphan outbreak* patrol* peak perseverance
Homeshavebeenfoundforover500children orphanedinthe recentintertribalconflict. Expertsfeartherecent outbreak ofTBcoulddevelopintoamajor epidemic. tomoveregularlyaroundaplaceinordertoprevent Shipsfromaninternationalcoalitionforceregularly patrolthe troubleorcrime area. toreachthehighestamountorlevel,before In2010theGDPpeaked. becominglower adeterminedattitudethatmakesyoucontinue Excellentmarksarearesultofhardworkand perseverance. tryingtoachievesomethingdifficult thecrimeofstealingthingsfromshipswhiletheyare sailing someonewhoattacksshipswhiletheyaresailingin ordertostealthingsfromthem ifsomethingsuchasanamount,rate,orvalue plummets,itsuddenlybecomesmuchlower totakemoneyforyourselfthatdoesnotbelongto you,especiallywhenyouareresponsibleforlooking afterit apreventablediseaseiscapableofbeingprevented Piracyisaliveandwellinsomepartsoftheworld.
OrganisationofPetroleumExportingCountries:an organisationthatcontrolsthesupplyandpriceofoil intheworldmarket tomakeachildanorphan(=achildwhoseparents havedied) thesuddenstartofwar,disease,violenceetc
Analystswereawaitingthedecisionfrom OPEC.
57 56 59 65
896 897 898 899
/ p(r)svrns/ / parsi/ / part/ / plmt/ 59 Thecrewarepowerlessifthe piratesboardtheboat. 58 In2010theGDPplummeted. 65 Seniorgovernmentfigureshave pocketed millionsofdollarsinaid donations. 56 158 59 58
piracy pirate plummet pocket
900 901 902 903
/ pkt/ /prventb()l/ / prskju t/ /red/
preventable prosecute* raid ransom
904 905
/ rns()m/ ratonsomeone refugeecamp phrasalverb noun / rt n smwn/
906
/ refjdi
kmp/
regardless**
907 908
adverb
Everyday2,000childrenlessaredyingofpreventablediseases thantheywerethistimelastyear. toofficiallyaccusesomeoneofacrimeandaska Thereisnointernationallegalsystemfor prosecutingpeople courtoflawtojudgethem accusedofpiracy. tosuddenlyattackaplace,causealotofdamageand StedeBonnet raidedshipsofftheVirginiacoast. stealthings Piratesboardthevessels,takethecrewhostageanddemand theamountofmoneythatsomeonewantstobe ransompayments. paidbeforetheywillletapersonwhotheyare keepingprisonergofree totellsomeoneinauthorityaboutsomethingthat Theguardscreatedtheimpressiontheyhad rattedontheir someoneyouknowhasdonewrong friends. aplacewithtentsorothersheltersforpeoplewho Fivemillionpeoplemigratedearlierintheyearto refugeecamps. leavetheircountry,especiallyduringawarorother threateningevent Itseemedanimpossibletaskattimes,butwecarriedon, regardless. withoutbeingaffectedorinfluencedbyanythingelse Aheroissomeonewhokeepsgoing regardlessofobstaclesor thathappensorexists discouragement.
59 61
57
/r(r)dls/ /r(r)dls v/ 54
regardlessof
phrase
relief***
909 910 911
noun adjective verb noun adjective noun adjective noun noun adjective adjective noun noun
/rli f/ /raf/ / rkt/
rife rocket rollcall
912 913
/ rl
kl/
salutary sanitation
/ sljt()ri/
914 915 916 917 918 919 920
/ snte()n/ / si fer /
seafaring securityalert selfconfidence selfconfident selfless selflessness selfsacrifice
/skjrti l(r)t/ / self / self k nfd()ns/ k nfd()nt/
/ selfls/ / selflsns/
921 922
/ self selfsacrificing sentence1*** adjective noun / self
skrfas/ skrfas/
food,clothes,andmoneygiventopeoplewhoarein Localvolunteersweretheunsungheroesoftheflood relief. urgentneedofhelp,forexamplebecauseofawaror otherbadsituation ifsomethingbadorunpleasantisrife,thereisalotof Tribalconflictisrifeinthearea. it ifsomethingsuchasapriceorquantityrockets,it In2010theGDProserocketed. suddenlyincreasesalot theprocessofreadingoutanofficiallistofpeoples Somestudentsstruggledtotakea rollcallat2.30amseriously. namestocheckwhoispresent,usuallyinaschoolor inthearmedforces asalutaryexperienceorwarningisonethathasa TheStanfordPrisonExperimentremainsa salutary lessoninwhat goodeffectalthoughitisunpleasant canhappenwithininstitutions. conditionsandprocessesrelatingtopeopleshealth, Thequalityoflifeofpeopleindevelopingcountrieswouldbe improvedbyincreasedaccessto sanitation. especiallythesystemsthatsupplywateranddeal withhumanwaste workingortravellingregularlyonthesea Icomefroma seafaringfamily,myfatherandbrotherareboth merchantseamen. awarningthatanattack,bombing,robberyetchas Thecutleryinmyrucksacksetoffabig securityalert. happenedorisgoingtohappen thefeelingthatyoucandothingswellandthat Shelackstheselfconfidencetogetaheadinthebusinessworld. peoplerespectyou feelingthatyoucandothingswellandthatpeople He'salotmore selfconfidentsincehemetAnna. respectyou caringaboutotherpeoplesneedsandproblems Thesocialworkerwasrewardedatthebanquetforher20years morethanyourown ofselflessservicetothecommunity. thequalityofcaringaboutotherpeoplesneedsand Shethankedherparentsfortheircontinued selflessness. problemsmorethanyourown thebehaviourofsomeonewhochoosesnottohave Themovierecountsstoriesof selfsacrificebyordinarycitizens ortodosomethingthattheywantinordertohelp duringthewar. otherpeople choosingnottohaveortodosomethingthatyou Heisaselfsacrificingheroinmyeyes. wantinordertohelpotherpeople apunishmentgivenbyajudge,usuallyinvolvinga Shereceivedthemaximum sentenceoftenyears. periodoftimethatapersonmustspendinprison tochangeapunishmenttoonethatislesssevere HersentencewascommutedtotransportationtoAustralia.
56 56 65
61 61
56 158 159
923 924 925
/ sentns/ commuteasentence overturnasentence sentence2** phrase phrase verb / sentns/ /k mju t sentns/ / v(r) t(r)n sentns/ 58 tosayofficiallythatapunishmentiswrongand changeit whenajudgesentencessomeone,theyofficially statewhatsomeonespunishmentwillbe Hissentencewaslateroverturnedandhewasacquitted. 58 ThomasBriggswassentencedtodeathforforgingchequesin 1829. 58
926
A 927 928 929 930
sharp *** significant *** simulate sinful singleminded
adjective adjective verb adjective adjective noun adjective noun noun noun noun
/(r)p/ /snfknt/ / smjlet/ / snf()l/
asharpchangeissuddenandverybig asignificantchangeisverylargeornoticeable toproducethefeaturesofsomethinginawaythat seemsrealbutisnot morallywrongorbad withyourattentionfixedononlyonething
From2005to2010,therewasasharpfallintheincidenceof malaria. Therehasbeena significantfallinpopulationgrowthoverthe lastfewdecades. Theaimwastosimulatethedisorientatingprocesses. It'ssinfulhowyouwastemoney. She'salwaysbeenverysinglemindedinpursuinghercareer.
65 64 61
931 932 933 934
/ s()l / s()l /slat/ /slm/
mandd/ manddns/ thebehaviourofsomeonewhoseattentionisfixed ononlyonething aslightchangeissmallinsize,amount,ordegree apoorareaofatownwherethehousesareinvery badcondition thesupportthatpeopleinagroupgiveeachother becausetheyhavethesameopinionsoraims apunishmentinwhichaprisoneriskeptalone, separatefromotherprisoners Thepartyquestionedthe singlemindednessoftheopposition's plans. From2005to2010,therewasaslightfallintheincidenceof malaria. TheCleanHandseducationprogrammewaslaunchedinthecitys slumareas. Theguardstriedtobreakdownthe solidaritybetweeninmates.
singlemindedness slight*** slum solidarity
65 57
935 936 937 spell**
/ sldrti/ / slt()ri kn fanmnt/ /spel/ Theyroundeduptheringleadersandputthemin solitary confinement. Hewasnotthefirstmantofallunderher spell. tobringtoanendapowerfulinfluenceonsomeone, Hervehementprotests brokethespell. usuallyaninfluencethatmakesthemadmireorobey anotherperson Peoplehavebecomeaccustomedtoa stableeconomicsituation.
61 61
solitaryconfinement
breakaspell
938
phrase stable** adjective phrase verb
/ brek
spel/
61
939 940
/ steb()l/ /rmen steb()l/ tonotchangeortonotbelikelytosuddenlybecome Between2000and2010unemployment remainedstable. worse Theydidn'tbotherto stampmypassportthistime. 65
remainstable stamp**
941 942 943 944 945
bestampedonyourmemory/mind stand*** standbysomeone standinthewayofsomething
phrase verb phrase phrase
/stmp/ /bi stmpt n j(r) mem()ri, mand/ /stnd/ / stnd ba smwn/ we v
tobeimpossibletoforget
Wewillstampourfame onmensmindsforever. 55 Thefilmmustnottakeplacewherethecamerais standing. 45
tobeloyaltosomeonewhoisinadifficultsituation totrytopreventsomethingfromhappening
Alwaysstandbyyourfriendsandfamily. 55 Parentsshouldnot standinthewayoftheirchildrensambitions. 55
/ stnd n sm/
A 946 947
standupforsomeone/something standuptosomeone steadily***
phrase phrase adverb phrase noun
/ stnd p f(r) smwn, sm/ / stnd p t smwn/
todefendsomeoneorsomethingthatisbeing criticisedorattacked tonotallowyourselftobetreatedbadly,especially bysomeoneinauthority
Youshouldstandupfortherightsofallpeople. 55 Youshouldalwaysstanduptobullies. 55 64 65
948 949 risesteadily
/ stedli/ / raz stedli/
sustainabledevelopment
950 951
/s stenb()l dvelpmnt/ /eft/ / ta(r)ls/ /t/ / t lan/
ThegrowthrateoftheBangladeshieconomyhasincreased steadily. toincreaseslowlyandgradually Between2000and2010unemployment rosesteadily. Sustainabledevelopmentisoneofthebiggestissuesfacingthe thedevelopmentofacountryorregionthatdoes notusemorenaturalresourcesthancanbereplaced countryrightnow. andsodoesnotharmtheenvironment thecrimeofstealing workingveryhardwithoutstopping Therehavebeenalotof theftsrecently. Throughthe tirelessworkoftheoverseasvolunteers,school enrolmentsincreasedby10%. Theplayertoedthefootballdownthefield. Theguardsrewardedprisonerswho toedtheline. It'simportanttobrushyour teethatleasttwiceaday.
theft*** tireless
noun adjective verb phrase noun phrase noun
952 953 toe 954
57
toetheline tooth***
toacceptrulesandtoobeypeopleinauthority
61
955 956 bareyourteeth
/tu / / be(r) j(r)
ti /
transportation*
957
toshowyourteethinathreateningway theactivityofmovingpeopleorthingsfromone placetoanother,orthesystemusedfordoingthis thecrimeofhelpingyourcountrysenemiesorof tryingtodestroyyourcountrysgovernment
Hebaredhisteethandletoutadeafeningroar. Hersentencewascommutedto transportationtoAustralia.
55
/ trnsp(r) te()n/ Themilitaryconsideredthesoldier'sactionsas treason.
58
treason
958 959
noun / tri z()n/ verb noun /tsu
trigger** tsunami
/ tr(r)/
tomakesomethinghappen
960
nmi/
UN
961
noun / ju en/
averylargewaveorseriesofwavescausedwhen somethingsuchasanearthquakemovesalarge quantityofwaterinthesea Theproblemwillcontinuetoincreaseuntilthereisan theUnitedNations:aninternationalorganisation thatencouragescountriestoworktogetherinorder internationalcourt,backedbythe UN. tosolveworldproblemssuchaswar,disease,and poverty
Hetoldfellowinmatesthattherereallywasnoescape,which triggeredgenuinefearamongthem. Thelivelihoodsofpeopleintheworldspoorestregionsare continuallythreatenedbynaturaldisasterssuchas tsunamis.
61
56
59
UNESCO
962 963
noun /ju nesk/
Thesitehasbeena UNESCOworldheritagesitesince2004. theUnitedNationsEducational,Scientific,and CulturalOrganisation:aninternationalorganisation thatprovidessupportineducation,science,and culture,especiallyforpoorercountries 1tohappen,ortodevelop Westoodandwatchedthedrama unfold.
unfold
verb
/n fld/
UNICEF
964 965 966 vehement 967
noun / ju nsef/
Theclasshadabakesaletoraisemoneyfor UNICEF. UnitedNationsChildrensFund:aninternational organisationthathelpschildreninpoorcountries,for examplebyprovidingthemwithfoodandmedicine notfamous,praised,oradmired,althoughdeserving Localvolunteerswerethe unsungheroesofthefloodrelief. tobe involvingextremelystrongfeelingsorbeliefs Hervehementprotestsbrokethespell. anevilperson,oracriminal Peopleareveryreadytospeakoflanguageusersasheroesand villains. whenavolcanoexplodesinsideandflames,rocks, Thelivelihoodsofpeopleintheworldspoorestregionsare andlavacomeoutofthetop continuallythreatenedbynaturaldisasterssuchas volcanic eruptions. theWorldBank:aninternationalorganisationthat Reducingpovertyistheprimarymissionofthe WB. lendsmoneytocountriesthataremembersofthe UnitedNations usedforsayingthatwhathappensorwhatistrueis Alwaysstandbyyourfriendsandfamily, whatevertheymayhave notimportant,becauseitmakesnodifferencetothe done. situation usedforsayingthatyoudonotcarewhensomething WheneverIhearthatsong,Ithinkofyou. happens,becausealltimesareequallyconvenient usedforsayingthatyoudonotcarewhere somethinghappens,becausealltheplacesare equallygood theWorldHealthOrganisation:aninternational organisationthatispartoftheUnitedNationsand helpspoorercountriesbygivingtheminformation andmedicine usedforsayingthatitdoesnotmatterwhois involvedinsomethingbecausetheresultorthe situationwillbethesame morallywronganddeliberatelyintendingtohurt people todecidethatsomeoneorsomethingwillnot succeedandsotostopgivingthemyourattention andenergy theWorldTradeOrganisation:aninternational organisationthatcontrolstradebetweencountries ti / theofficialendtoalaw,system,practiceetc TheLongSong issetaroundthetimeofthe abolitionofslavery. 69 Whereverhewent,hetookhisdogwithhim.
unsung
adjective adjective noun noun
/n s/ / vi mnt/ / vln/
56 61 63
villain* volcaniceruption
968
/vl knk rp()n/
56
WB
969
noun
/ db()lju
bi /
whatever***
970
conjunction
/wt ev(r)/
55
whenever**
971
conjunction /wen ev(r)/
wherever**
972
conjunction /wer ev(r)/
WHO
973
noun /hu /
Herdreamjobistoworkasadoctorwiththe WHO,preferablyin aFrenchspeakingcountry.
Whoeverwinstheelection,itwon'tmakeanydifferencetome.
whoever**
974 975
conjunction /hu ev(r)/ adjective phrasalverb
wicked* writeoff
/ wkd/
Iknewthatitwasawickedthingtodo. $1.3billionofdebthasbeen writtenoffbytheIMF. 57 TheWTOisresponsibleformorethanjustremovingobstaclesto trade.
976
/ rat
f/
WTO
977 978 Unit6 979
noun
/ db()lju
abolition
noun
/ b l()n/
A 980 981 982
accrue alchemist algebra alleviate
verb noun noun verb verb noun noun verb noun noun verb noun noun
/ kru / / lkmst/ / ldbr/
ifmoneyaccruesorisaccrued,itgraduallyincreases inamount someonewhotriedtochangeordinarymetalsinto gold,especiallyintheMiddleAges atypeofmathematicsthatuseslettersandsymbols inplaceofnumbers tomakesomethinglesspainful,severe,orserious
Itsacombinationofthefineforgoingintooverdraftandalsothe interestthat accruedasaresult. Theauthorviewsbankersasmodern alchemists. Importantintellectualdevelopmentssuchas algebraand astronomyalloriginatedintheEast. Thedoctorhasprescribedsomedrugsto alleviatethepain.
160 72 160
983 984 985 986
/ li viet/ / pri i et/ / (r)tzn/ / strnmi/ ifsomethingappreciates,itsvalueincreases gradually aworkerwhohasspecialskillandtraining,especially onewhomakesthings thescientificstudyofthestars,planets,andother objectsintheuniverse tosendsomethingsuchasadocumentorpieceof extrainformationwithaletter,emailetc Iappreciateyouhelpingmerevisefortheexam. Talentedartisanshavebeeninspiredbygoldandworkeditto makeobjectsofeternalbeauty. Importantintellectualdevelopmentssuchasalgebraand astronomyalloriginatedintheEast. Ihaveattachedavisaapplicationformforyoutocomplete.
appreciate** artisan astronomy* attach**
73 160
987 988
/ tt/ / bndt/ athiefwhoattackstravellers,usuallywithother Theyfacetheeverpresentthreatof bandits. thieves Theearliesttradeprobablyconsistedofformsof barter. 1thesystemofpayingforgoodsor serviceswithothergoodsorservicesinsteadofusing money toexchangegoodsorservicesforothergoodsor Manyofthesegoodswere barteredforothersalongtheway. servicesinsteadofusingmoney Thebenefitsincludemedicalinsuranceandacompanycar. moneyorotherhelpthatthegovernmentgives peoplewhoneedfinancialhelp,forexamplebecause theydonothaveajob Hepassedhisdrivingtest,soIwonmy bet. somethingthatislikelytohappen,orsomeoneor somethingthatislikelytobesuccessful Madridisasafebetforhotweatheratthistimeofyear.
76 66
bandit barter1
989 990
/ b(r)t(r)/ / b(r)t(r)/
67 160
barter
benefit***
991 992
/ benft/ /bet/
bet* asafebet
993
phrase bond** noun
sef
bet/ adocumentgiventosomeonewhoinvestsmoneyin Theexperienceformedaclose bondbetweenus. agovernmentorcompany,promisingtopayback themoneywithinterest
994
/bnd/ Sherefusedto budgefromhisofficeuntilshegotananswer. budge verb
995 996
/bd/ / n t bd/ torefusetochangeyouropinionordecisionabout something Youwontbudgeonthatatall? 74
notbudge
phrase
A 997
bump* bumpsomeoneoffaflight
verb
/bmp/ / bmp flat/ smwn f totellsomeonewhohasboughtaticketforaplane seatthattheycannotflybecausetheairlinehassold toomanytickets veryinterestingorattractiveinawaythattakesall yourattention conditionsthatlimityourfreedom,especially unpleasantresponsibilitiesorbadconditionsthat youlivein toleaveoneplane,train,busetctogetonanother
Becarefulnotto bumpyourhead. Butyoudoacknowledgethatitsnotmyfaultthat Imbeing bumpedoffthisflight? 160 YoucouldcallthecaptivatingcityofBangalore,India'sbestcity forbusiness. Tobefreeisnotmerelytocastoffones chains. 71
998 999
phrase captivating chains*** adjective pluralnoun verb
/ kptvet/
1000 1001
/tenz/ /tend/
68 Whenalloyedwithotherelementsgold'sdensity changes. 73
change*** changegear
tostartusingadifferentgearwhenyouaredrivinga Withbusinessconcluded,theconvention changesgearand carorridingabicycle becomeslikeahugeparty. phrase / tend (r)/ todeliberatelystarttalkingaboutsomethingelseto Canwechangethesubject,please? avoidanargumentorembarrassingsituation phrase / tend /k lektb()l/ / km(r)s/ sbdkt/ anobjectthatisvaluablebecausepeoplewantto ownit theactivityofbuyingandsellinggoodsandservices Shekeptallherolddolls,whicharenowvaluable collectables. Thecityhasalwaysbeenacentreof commerce. noun noun noun noun adjective adjective adjective noun noun phrase adjective verb
1002
changethesubject
1003 1004 1005
collectable commerce** commission***
anextraamountofmoneythatyouearninyourjob Ihopehegotfantastic commission? everytimeyousellaproductorgetanewcustomer /k m()n/ /k mdti/ /kn di nil/ /kn trl/ / kzm plt()n/ somethingthatcanbeboughtandsold,especiallya Asthenamesuggests,silkwasthemaincommoditythatwas basicfoodproductorfuel tradedontheSilkRoad. friendlyandenjoyingthecompanyofothers YoucouldcallthecongenialcityofBangalore,India'sbestcityfor business. makingpeoplebehaveinthewaythatyouwant Shecouldn'twaittogotouniversityandgetawayfromher themtobehave controllingmother. usedaboutaplacewherepeoplefrommany Youcouldcallthecosmopolitan cityofBangalore,India'sbestcity differentcountriesandcultureslive forbusiness. Wecanthrowinsome coverifyoudlike,butthatsthebestprice anagreementbyaninsurancecompanytopay wecanoffer. moneyinaparticularsituationorforaparticular event,person,orthing Wethinktherewasa dealbetweentheCIAandtheFBI. usedforsayingthatyouagreewithsomething refusingtoobeyapersonorrule tobecomelessvaluablethanbefore Fantastic,itsadeal. MrLallyremainsdefiant,insistingthathewillnotgivein. Finewinewillappreciateinvalue,whileacardepreciatesvery quickly. 161 159 71
1006 1007 1008 1009 1010
commodity** congenial controlling cosmopolitan cover***
71
1011 1012 1013 itsadeal 1014 1015
/ kv(r)/ /di l/ /ts
160
deal***
di l/
74
defiant depreciate
/dfant/ /dpri iet/
A 1016 1017 do*** 1018
diminish**
verb verb phrase noun
/dmn/ /du / / wl du /
tobecomeless
willdo economy***
usedforsayingthatsomethingisenoughoris suitableforaparticularpurpose
Bytheendofthe14thcentury,itsimportancehadgreatly diminished. Imafraidthatsabsolutelythebestwecan do. ItwillhavetodoIsuppose. Inthosedays,fuel economywasacentralfactorincardesign.
67 74 74
1019
/knmi/ thewholeofacountrysbusiness,industry,and trade,andthemoneythattheyproduce Between1982and1988theeconomygrewatanaverageof about3percentperyear. Intheirpursuitofgold,whattheywerealsopursuingwasthe elixiroflife. 73 theprocessofgivingfreedomandrightstosomeone Thehistoryofmensoppositiontowomens emancipationis moreinterestingthan emancipationitself. /mnspe()n/ /n slev/ /zs(r)bet/ /ks tend/ Increasinghighereducationcostscontinuesto enslaveyoung adultsintoalifeofdebt. tomakeaproblembecomeworse Morehastobedoneimmediatelytomakesuretheproblemisnt exacerbatedanyfurther. togivesomeonesomethinginreturnforsomething Silkwasbynomeanstheonlycommodity exchangedbytraders. thattheygiveyou Thebuyerandsellerofthehousecelebratedafter exchanging ifthepeoplebuyingandsellingahouseexchange contracts,theyeachsignacontractsothatthesaleis contracts. officiallycomplete tosaysomethingtosomeoneandthenlistentowhat Teammeetingsareanopportunityto exchangeideas. theysay tosendaproducttoanothercountrysothatitcan Sotheyrereexportingoutsourcingworktoplaceswithcheaper besoldthere labour. Intheeyesofthemouse,thecatisalion. togetsomeonesattentionbylookingatthem Hetriedto catchthewaiterseye. tolookatsomeonewhenyouaretalkingtothem, especiallytoshowthatwhatyouaresayingistrue Herefusedto lookherintheeye. 69 tomakeitpossibleoreasierforsomethingto happen 1chainsforaprisonersfeet,used especiallyinthepast thescienceofcaringforforests,andthetreesand otherplantsthatgrowinthem Later,currencywasintroducedto facilitateawiderexchangeof goodsandservices. Themomenttheslaveresolvesthathewillnolongerbeaslave, hisfettersfall. Hispassionfortheoutdoorsledhimtoacareerin forestry. 67 68 tomakesomeoneaslave 68
theeconomy
1020
phrase elixir noun
/i knmi/ aliquidthatpeoplebelievehasmagicpowers,for exampletheabilitytomakeyouliveforever /lks(r)/
1021
emancipation
1022 1023 1024 1025
noun verb verb verb
enslave exacerbate exchange*** exchangecontracts
71 160
1026 1027
phrase exchangeviews export** phrase verb noun phrase
/ks tend /ks tend /ks p(r)t/ /a/ / kt
kntrkts/ vju z/
1028 1029 eye*** 1030
160 79 69
catchsomeoneseye looksomeoneintheeye
smwnz
a/
1031 1032 1033 1034
phrase facilitate* fetters forestry verb pluralnoun noun
/ l k
smwn n i
a/
/f sltet/ / fet(r)z/ / frstri/
former***
1035 1036 1037 1038
pronoun pronoun phrasalverb adverb
Theceremonyhonouredallthe formerpresidentswhoarestill living. / f(r)m(r)/ / f(r)m(r)/ usedforreferringtothefirstoftwopeopleorthings Ofthetwoapartments,VillaGemmaandVillaMaria, theformer thatyouhavementioned isnotavailablefortheperiodyoumention. tonotapproveofsomeone/something ShefrowneduponGodfrey,thenlookedtoJulyforsome explanationofhisbehaviour. Morehastobedoneimmediatelytomakesuretheproblemisnt exacerbatedany further. Furthertoourphonecall,IcanconfirmthatVillaMariais fn usedtoshowthatyouarereferringtoaprevious conversation/letter,etc reservedforyoufrom1926July. 76 69 71
theformer frownupon further***
/ fran pn/ / f(r)(r)/ / f(r)(r) t a(r) kl, ma let(r) et set()r/
furthertoourphonecall/myletteretc
1039 1040
phrase gambler noun / mbl(r)/ someonewhoisreadytotakerisksinordertobe Inuncertaintimesitisgoldthatthehardheadedfinancial moresuccessful gamblersinvestin. tolookatsomeoneorsomethingforalongtime,for Davidsatgazingatthebillindisbelief,andfrowning. examplebecausetheyareattractiveorinteresting, orbecauseyouarethinkingofsomethingelse tophone,write,orspeaktosomeoneatalatertime becauseyouwerebusyorcouldnotanswertheir questionearlier totakeactionthatstopssomethingannoying, unpleasant,ornotwantedfromaffectingyou athicklightbrownrootwithastrongflavourthatis usedasaspiceincooking tolooksomewherequicklyandthenlookaway Imgoingtohavetothinkaboutitand getbacktoyou.
76 73
gaze**
1041
verb /ez/
69
getbackto
1042 1043 1044 1045 1046
phrasalverb phrasalverb noun verb noun
/et /et
bk rd
tu / v /
74 Forcompanies,gettingridofthesetasksmeanslowercosts. 71 Someofthemostvaluablespices,like ginger,wereactuallyworth morethantheirweightingold. Charlesglancedathiswatch. 160 69
getridof ginger glance*** glimpse*
/ dnd(r)/ /lns/ /lmps/
globalisation
1047 1048
noun / lblaze()n/
anoccasionwhenyouseesomeoneorsomethingfor Thecrowdwereanxiousfora glimpseofthePresident. amomentonly Initsheyday,theSilkRoadwasanearlyexampleofwhatwe theideathattheworldisdevelopingasingle knowtodayasglobalisation. economyandcultureasaresultofimproved technologyandcommunicationsandtheinfluenceof verylargemultinationalcompanies 160 avaluableyellowmetalusedformakingjewellery agoldmedalorgoldjewelleryismadeofgold Goldispopularnow,butitalwayshasbeenformanyreasons. 72 Peopleareinvestingin goldjewellery. 72 72 agoldenbeachorgoldenhairisbrightyellowin Hehaslovelygoldenhair. colour thedaywhenpeoplecelebrate50yearsofmarriage Thecoupletookawelldeservedcruisefortheir golden anniversary.
gold ***
2
noun adjective adjective phrase
/ld/ /ld/ / ld()n/ / ld()n nv(r)s()ri/
1049 gold * 1050 1051
golden*** goldenanniversary
A 1052
goldengirl goldenhandshake
phrase
/ ld()n
(r)l/
asuccessfulwomanthatalotofpeoplelikeand Shesthecompanysgoldengirlatthemoment. admire alargeamountofmoneygiventoaseniormanager Theseniormanagerofthecompanygota goldenhandshake inacompanywhentheyleavetheirjob whenhelefthisjob. somethingsuchasasongorfilmthatisoldbutstill popular averygoodchancetodoorachievesomething Theydancedthenightawaytoaselectionof goldenoldies.
72
1053 1054 1055
phrase goldenoldie goldenopportunity goldenrule phrase phrase phrase phrase noun verb verb phrase noun adjective noun adjective noun verb verb noun noun
/ ld()n / ld()n
hn(d) ek/ ldi/
/ ld()n p(r) tju nti/ / ld()n / ld()n
1056 1057 goldenyears
ru l/ j(r)z/
grimace
1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064 1065 1066 1067 1068 1069 1070
/ rms/, /rmes/ / rn ti / /(r)d/
guarantee** guard** closelyguardedsecret gunpowder hefty heyday hospitable imitation* impel import** income*** inflation***
Thisjobcouldbethe goldenopportunityyouhavebeenlooking for. animportantbasicprinciplethatyoushouldalways Thegoldenruletodoingwellinanexamistogetagoodnight's obeywhendoingaparticularactivity sleepthenightbefore. veryhappyorsuccessfulyears Theywerethegoldenyearsofjazz. tomakeanuglyexpressionbytwistingyourface,for Julywassilenthermouthfixedwitha grimaceofachildinthe thrillofagame. examplebecauseyouareinpainordonotlike something topromisethatsomethingwillhappen Ifyoucangetitdownto45,thenIcan guaranteeweddoatleast fourstoresforyou. ifyouguardinformation,youdonottellittoanyone Thepalaceentranceis guardedroundtheclock. apieceofinformationthathasnotbeentoldto anyone asubstancethatisusedforcausingexplosionsorfor makingfireworks aheftyamountofmoneyisalargeandimpressive amount theperiodoftimewhenaperson,idea,orobjectis mostsuccessfulorpopular generoustowardsvisitorsandguests Thesilkmakingprocesswasacloselyguardedsecretfor centuries. Manyimportantscientificandtechnologicalinnovationssuchas gunpowderoriginatedintheEast. Surelythosefewhoursshouldnthaveincurredsucha heftyfine? Initsheyday,theSilkRoadwasanearlyexampleofwhatwe knowtodayasglobalisation. Kenyansaregenerallyknownforbeing hospitableandbeingnice topeople. Itisimportanttodistinguishrealgoldfrom imitations. Thepressureofthepain impelledhertokneelinfrontofhim.
72
69 161
/ klsli (r)dd si krt/ / n pad(r)/ / hefti/ / hede/ /hsptb()l/ / mte()n/ /m pel/ /m p(r)t/ / nkm/ /n fle()n/
160 160 74 160 161 72 69
infrastructure*
1071
noun / nfr strkt(r)/
somethingthatisacopyofsomethingelse,usually notasgoodastheoriginalthing ifsomeoneimpelsyoutodosomething,theyforce youtodoit tobuyaproductfromanothercountryandbringit toyourcountry moneythatsomeonegetsfromworkingorfrom investingmoney aneconomicprocessinwhichpricesincreasesothat moneybecomeslessvaluable thesetofsystemswithinaplaceororganisationthat affecthowwellitoperates,forexamplethe telephoneandtransportsystemsinacountry
Whatitemsorcommoditiesdoesyourcountry import? 66 Whicharethemainsourcesof incomeinyourcityorarea? 70 Yourpensionisprotectedagainst inflation. Infrastructureintheseareashasnotbeenabletokeeppacewith growth. 71
anexchangeofthingssuchasideasorinformation interchange
1072
noun
Therewassomuchcultural interchangethatitisnowoften difficulttoidentifytheoriginsofnumeroustraditions. 160 Thenewprimeministerpromisedtotacklethe intractable problemofprisonovercrowding. Investmentbankerswere latterdayalchemists,making fantasticalpromises. I'llleaveit,thanks. TheChineseimportedsuchcommoditiesaswooland linen. It'shardwork lookingafterthreechildrenallday.
/ nt(r) tend/ verydifficultorimpossibletodealwith
intractable
1073 1074 1075 leave*** 1076
adjective adjective verb noun phrasalverb phrasalverb phrasalverb
/n trktb()l/ / lt(r) /li v/ / lnn/ de/ existingnowasamodernexampleofsomeoneor somethingfromthepast tonotdosomething lightclothmadefromaplantcalledflax totakecareofsomeoneorsomethingandmake certainthattheyhaveeverythingtheyneed / l k ft(r)/ toturnyourheadawayfromsomeoneorsomething Shelookedaway,feelingsuddenlyshyandembarrassed. tothinkaboutatimeoreventinthepast Mostpeoplelookbackontheirschooldayswithfondness. 73 74 160
latterday
linen* lookafter
1077 1078
lookaway lookbackon
/ lk we/
1079
/ l k
bk n/ tofeelhappyandexcitedaboutsomethingthatis goingtohappen Hehadworkedhardandwas lookingforwardtohisretirement.
lookforwardto
1080 1081
phrasalverb phrasalverb phrasalverb
/ l k / l k
f(r)w(r)d tu / ntu / Iwrotealetterofcomplaint,andtheairlinehavepromisedto lookintothematter. towatchanactivityoreventwithouttakingpartinit PhillookedonindisbeliefasMaggiegotuponthetableand startedtodance. tothinkofsomeoneorsomethinginaparticularway We'renotrelatedbutI lookonhimasabrother. 1tolookcarefullyatpeopleorthingsaroundyouin Weweretoldtolookoutforabluevan. ordertotrytofindaparticularpersonorthing 1tolookinsidesomething
lookinto lookon
1082 1083
/ l k
lookonsomeone/somethingas... lookoutfor
phrase phrasalverb phrasalverb phrasalverb phrasalverb adjective adjective
/ lk n smwn, sm z/
n/
1084 1085
/ l k / l k
at f(r)/ rand/ 1toturnyourhead 1toraiseyourheadoreyes Doyouwantto lookroundtheschool? Ididn'tknowwhat'loquacious'meantandhadto lookitupina dictionary. He'sarolemodelforotherplayersto lookupto. Therewasalucrativetradeinspicesfromeasttowest. MajordomesticfirmssuchasInfosysandWiproestablished headquartersinthecity. 160 71
lookround lookup
1086 1087 1088 lucrative 1089
/ l k
p/ toadmireandrespectsomeone bringingalotofmoney amajorproblemisaseriousone
lookupto
/ lk p tu / / lu krtv/ / med(r)/
major***
A 1090
makeout malleable
phrasalverb adjective verb noun noun
/ mek
at/
1091 1092 manufacture** 1093
/ mlib()l/ / mnjfkt(r)/ / mnjfkt(r)/
manufacturing* meltingpot
tosee,hear,orunderstandsomeoneorsomething Shecouldjustmakeoutafigurestandingnexttothefridge. withdifficulty amalleablemetalorsubstanceiseasytopressinto Goldissoftandmalleable. differentshapes tomakegoodsinlargequantitiesinafactory SilkwasmanufacturedinChina. thebusinessofmakinggoodsinlargequantitiesina Itgivescompaniesthechancetofocusontheircorebusiness, factory suchasmanufacturing. asituationinwhichtherearemanydifferenttypesof Thecaravanseraibecamearich meltingpotofideas. people,ideas,religionsetcexistingtogether apersonorbusinessthatbuysandsellsgoods, especiallyonethattradeswithothercountries Caravanseraiwereusednotonlybytradersand merchants,but alsobycitydwellers.
69 73 160 160
1094
/ melt
pt/
160
merchant*
1095
noun
/ m(r)t()nt/ usedforemphasisingtheimportanceorinfluenceof Whatthismeremetalrepresentsismeaningsfarbeyondhigh something,althoughitseemslikeonlyasmallthing pricetags. /m(r)/ / man/ theprocessofgettingcoalormetalfromunderthe ground someonewhohasbeensenttoaplacebyareligious organisationtoteachthepeoplethereabouta particularreligion tomakesomeoneorsomethinglookstupidby laughingatthem,copyingthem,orsayingsomething thatisnotkind thebeliefandpracticeofgivingequalimportanceto eachofthedifferentculturesinasociety NorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement / nft(r)/ someonewhobelongstoagroupofpeoplewho movefromplacetoplaceinordertofindfoodand waterfortheiranimalsorthemselves / nmd/ Miningisoneofthecountry'smainindustries. Caravanseraiwereusedby missionaries.
66
mere**
1096 1097
adjective noun noun
73
mining* missionary
1098
/ m()n()ri/
66 Thepriceofgoldisrising,both mockingandrelievingthegloom andturmoilofaworldwiderecession. 73 YasminAlibhaiBrownwritesonissuesrelatingtorace, immigrationand multiculturalism. 73 NAFTAwasestablishedtopromotetradebetweenmember countries. Caravanseraiwereusednotonlybytradersandmerchants,but alsobynomads. 67
mock*
1099
verb
/mk/
multiculturalism
1100 1101
noun noun
/ mlti kltr lz()m/
NAFTA
nomad
1102 1103 1104 1105 1106
noun
66 We'veacceptedan offerof250,000. fan()l usedinbargainingtotryforthelasttimetogeta betterdeal sufferingfromunfairandcrueltreatmentbyamore powerfulpersonorgovernment apowerfulleaderorgovernmentthattreatspeople inanunfairorcruelway Icantake20%offtheaskingprice.'' Isthatyourfinaloffer?' Governmentsneedarmiestoprotectthemagainsttheirenslaved andoppressedsubjects. Freedomisnevervoluntarilygivenbythe oppressor.
offer*** isthatyourfinaloffer? oppressed oppressor
noun phrase adjective noun
/z t j(r) f(r)/ / prest/ / pres(r)/
/ f(r)/
68 68
outsourcing
1107
noun / at s(r)s/
anarrangementinwhichworkisdonebypeople fromoutsideyourcompany,usuallybyacompany thatisexpertinthattypeofwork
HowhasincreaseddemandultimatelyaffectedIndias outsourcingbusiness? 70 Thepaceoftechnologicalchangeincreasedsteadilyduringthe 20thcentury.
pace**
1108 1109
noun
/pes/ / ki p pes w/ todeveloporprogressatthesamerateassomething Infrastructureintheseareashasnotbeenableto keeppacewith else growth. tolookverycarefully,especiallybecausesomething isdifficulttosee Shewaspeeringthroughthewindow. 71
keeppace(with)
phrase verb
peer**
1110 1111 1112 1113 1114 1115 1116 1117
/p(r)/ perfume* pilgrim plague porcelain pose** poseaproblem precisionengineering pressing noun noun noun noun verb phrase noun adjective adjective noun / prft/ push*** pushit verb phrase phrase adjective /p/ / p / p t/ p totakeabigriskbydoingsomethingthatislikelyto causeyoutrouble tocauseanincreaseinthecostofsomething rancidfoodcontainsfatsoroilsthatarenolonger freshandhaveanunpleasanttasteandsmell Thestrongsunshinehad pushedtemperaturesintothenineties. Ok,45ispushingit,butIneedatleastfivetomakethatviable. Thishaskeptpushingupthecostofsalaries. Inthewest,peoplehadtokeepmeatforalongtimeuntilit turned rancid. 161 71 / p(r)fju m/ / plrm/ /ple/ / p(r)s()ln/ /pz/ / pz /prs()n / pres/ /prazd/ prblm/ endnr/ tocreateadifficultsituation engineeringwhichrequiresveryaccurate measurementsanddetaileddesign ifaproblemispressingitisveryimportantand urgent consideredtobeveryimportantorvaluable moneythatyoumakebysellingsomethingorfrom yourbusiness,especiallythemoneythatremains afteryouhavepaidallyourbusinesscosts aliquidwithapleasantsmellthatyouputonyour skin someonewhotravelstoaholyplacethatis importantintheirreligion anyseriousdiseasethatspreadsquicklytoalotof peopleandusuallyendsindeath ahardshinywhitesubstanceusedformaking expensivedishes,cups,decorationsetc Perfumes,preciousstonesandmetals,andfoodstuffswere exchangedinbothdirections. Caravanseraiwereusednotonlybytradersandmerchants,but alsobypilgrims. Theyfacedtheeverpresentthreatofbandits,nottomention warsandplagues. Europeanswereeagertoimportteasand porcelainfromChina. Wearebeingtoldthattheaccident posesnothreattothe environment. Thefactthatchildpovertystill posesahugeprobleminsome Europeancountriesisascandal. YoucancallBangalore,withitsprecisionengineering,Indias bestcityforbusiness. Thesafetyofthehostagesisamatterof pressingconcern. Silkwashighlyprizedandingreatdemandinthewest. Profitsrose31%to144million. 160 66 66 160
71 71
1118 1119 prized
159160
profit***
1120 1121
1122 1123 pushupthecost
kst/
rancid
1124
/ rnsd/
160
A 1125 1126 1127 1128 1129
random** recognition*** recompense return*** risky* root***
adjective noun noun noun adjective noun
/ rndm/ / rekn()n/ / rekmpens/ /rt(r)n/ / rski/
chosenorhappeningwithoutanyparticularmethod, Itwasjustareallyrandomsortofexperience. pattern,orpurpose agreementthatsomethingistrueorimportant Ithinkwhatisvitalisrecognitionthatitsaproblem. paymentthatyougivetosomeonewhohassuffered Theairlineoffered recompensetothepassengersintheformof injuryorlossbecauseofyou seatupgradesorvouchers. aprofitonmoneythatyouhaveinvested Wewereabletogeta returnof10%onourinvestment. involvingthepossibilityofdanger,harm,orfailure Itwouldberiskytoinvestallyourmoneyintheproject. Thereviewdescribesitasanunusualfilmwithaningeniousidea atitsroot.
161 71
1130 1131 1132
beattherootofsomething salubrious serviceindustry
phrase adjective noun
/ru t/ / bi t sm/ /s lu bris/
ru t v
tobethemaincauseofsomething asalubriousplaceisonethatispleasantand comfortabletolivein anindustrythatprovidesservicesinsteadof producinggoods,forexamplebanks,hospitals,and hotels wastesubstances,especiallywastefrompeoples bodies,removedfromhousesandotherbuildingsby asystemoflargeundergroundpipescalledsewers ifapriceshootsup,itincreasesquicklybyalarge amount tobreatheoutslowlymakingalongsoftsound, especiallybecauseyouaredisappointed,tired, annoyed,orrelaxed
Itsattherootofthenationstroubles. 71 Youcouldcallthesalubrious cityofBangalore,India'sbestcityfor business. Shehasalengthyandsuccessfulcareerinthe serviceindustry. 71
1133
/ s(r)vs
ndstri/
Maybeitwillbeadisaster:slums,sewage,shoppingmalls.
sewage
1134 1135
noun / su d/
71 Theworldmarketpriceofgoldis shootingupfasterandmore thanmostothercommodities. Afterthemissusthreatenedtopunishhim,Godfrey sighedand walkedpastherintothehall. Hecouldneverresistthe sightofgold. Jamescaughtsightofherstandinginthedoorway. 73
shootup sigh**
phrasalverb verb noun phrase noun
/ u t
p/
1136 1137 sight*** 1138
catchsightofsomeone/something silk**
/sa/ /sat/ / kt sat v sm/
69 73 69
smwn, toseesomeoneorsomethingforamomentornot completely thinsmoothclothmadefromthefibresproducedby Silkwasidealforoverlandtravelasitwaslight,easytocarryand aninsectcalledasilkworm tookuplittlespace. someonewhobelongsbylawtoanotherpersonas theirpropertyandhastoobeythemandworkfor them 1thesystemofowningpeopleasslaves pollutedairthatisamixtureofsmokeandfog Themomenttheslaveresolvesthathewillnolongerbea slave, hisfettersfall.
1139
/slk/
66
slave**
1140 1141 1142 smog
noun noun noun
/slev/ / slevri/ /sm/
68 Freedomand slaveryarementalstates. Theentirecityismaskedinsmokeand smog. 68 71
slavery
socialsecurity*
1143 1144 1145
noun / s()l skjrti/
1thesystembywhichthegovernment regularlypaysmoneytopeoplewhodonothavea job,orwhoaretooilloroldtowork ifyousolveaproblem,youfindasolutionto somethingthatiscausingdifficulties asubstancemadefromplantsandaddedtofoodto giveitaparticularflavour oneoftheequalpartsintowhichthevalueofa companyisdivided
Thenewprimeministerpromisestoexpandaccessto social securityforthedisabled.
solve*** spice* stock***
verb noun noun adjective
/slv/ /spas/
Butitsdifficulttoseehowitcanbe solvedoreventackledin someway. Spiceswereveryusefulfordisguisingtheflavourofrancidmeat. Theirstocksofammunitionwererunningdangerouslylow.
71 160
1146 1147
/stk/ /sb msv/ willingtodowhatotherpeopletellyoutodo Hismotherwasameekand submissivewoman. withoutarguing therelationshipbetweenhowmuchofaparticular Thevalueofartisdependenton supplyanddemand. productisavailableandhowmuchofitpeoplewant, andespeciallythewaythatthisaffectsthelevelof prices 1togivesomethinginexchangefor somethingelse 1tomovetotheplacewheresomeone elseissittingorstanding,sothattheycanmoveto whereyouweresittingorstanding plesz w/ tochangefromonethingtoanother,ortomake Youwanttopersuadearetailerto switchtheircustomtoyou. somethingdothis Butitsdifficulttoseehowitcanbesolvedoreven tackledin tomakeanorganisedanddeterminedattemptto dealwithaproblem,oftenasocialproblemsuchas someway. crimeorunemployment Everythingbutonethingcanbe takenfromaman. usedwhenbargainingtosaythatyouwillbuy GreatpriceI'lltakeit. something ataxthatagovernmentchargesongoodsthatenter Tariffsareusuallyimposedonimports. orleavetheircountry shyandnervous Shegavemeatimidsmile. usedtodescribesomethingyoucantolerate,suchas weatherthatisnottoohot poisonousandharmfultopeople,animals,orthe environment theactivitiesofbuyingandsellinggoodsorservices tobuyorsellgoodsorservices Pleasantwintersand tolerablesummersmakeitapopularplace ofresidence. Goldcontainssmallquantitiesof toxicmaterial. Tradehasbeenconductedbetweendifferentgroupsorsocieties sinceprehistorictimes. Thinkoftwoorthreecommonly tradeditemsorcommodities. 74 Doyouwantto swapseats? I'dneverwantto swapplaceswiththeRoyalFamily!
submissive
supplyanddemand
1148 1149
noun /s pla n dmnd/
swap*
verb
/swp/
swapplaces(with)
1150 1151
phrase switch*** tackle** verb verb verb phrase noun adjective adjective adjective noun verb
/ swp /swt/
1152 1153 take*** 1154 1155 1156 1157 1158 1159 1160
/ tk()l/ /tek/ /al tek t/
71 68
Illtakeit tariff*** timid tolerable toxic* trade *** trade ***

2 1
/ trf/ / tmd/ / tl()rb()l/ / tksk/ /tred/ /tred/
67
71 72 67 67
A 1161 1162 tricky 1163
tradebloc
noun adjective noun noun noun noun phrase adjective noun
/ tred / trki/
blk/
turmoil upgrade*
/ t(r)ml/
agroupofcountrieswithaspecialagreementabout tradingwitheachother difficulttodoordealwith astateofexcitementoruncontrolledactivity thefactofbeinggivenaplaneseatorhotelroom thatisbetterthantheonethatyouhavepaidfor
Tradeblocsmayregulateinternationaltradebymeansofquotas andrestrictions. Findingtheanswerprovedtobealittlebit tricky. Thepriceofgoldisrising,relievingthegloomand turmoilofa worldwiderecession. WhatIcandoisIcanofferyouan upgradeonthe5.30flight.
67
73
1164 1165 1166 value*** 1167 1168 viable* 1169
/p red/ / (r)bn / vlju / someonewholivesinacityorlargetown dwel(r)/ ifsomethingholdsitsvalue,itisworththesame vlju / amountofmoneyoveralongperiod capableofproducingaprofit Caravanseraiwereusednotonlybytradersandmerchants,but alsobyurbandwellers. Itsvaluedependsonhowmuchpeoplebelieveinit. Stocksaren'tgoingto holdtheirvalue. Imafraidthatwouldntbe viableforme. Thepolicewithheldthenamesofthe victimsuntiltheirfamilies couldbenotified. Indiahasbecomea victimofitsownsuccess.
160 66 73
urbandweller
holdits/theirvalue
/ hld ts, e(r) / vab()l/ / vktm/ / vktm v j(r) sk ses/ /wev/ /we/ / we /wns/ / kled/ /k nld/ rand/
74
victim*** victimofyourownsuccess
ifyouareavictimofyourownsuccess,thethings youhaveachievedcreatenewproblems
1170 1171 1172 1173 1174
phrase waive way*** wayround wince verb noun phrase noun noun verb adjective verb
71 tochoosetoofficiallyignorearule,right,orclaimor Idohavetochargetheinterest,butIcouldactually waivethe nottochargeafee penaltyfee. Tobefreeistoliveinawaythatrespectsandenhancesthe freedomofothers. amethodofsolvingaproblem,orofavoidinga Therehavebeensomeattemptstofinda wayroundtheseissues. difficultsituation asuddenexpressiononyourfacethatshowsyouare Hisgripwassotightthatthemissussfacecontortedintoa wince. embarrassedorfeelpain anexpressionofpraiseandadmiration Thisaccoladebelongstotheclam. toacceptoradmitthatsomethingexists,istrue,oris Heneveracknowledgeshismistakes. real ifsomethingisadvisable,itisagoodideatodoit, Itisadvisabletokeepyourbelongingswithyouatalltimes. especiallyinordertoavoidproblems tohavethesameopinionassomeoneelse usedtointroduceanacceptedpoint Doyouagreewiththeadvicegiven? Itisgenerallyagreedthatweshouldeatlessfatandmore vegetables. Thisattentivenessandquietnesscanleadtothedeeperand transformationalqualityoftheprocess. Justtositandbeisnotthateasy. IfIwereyou,Idseeadoctor. 160 68 71 69 78
1175 Unit7 1176 accolade 1177
acknowledge** advisable
1178 1179 agree***
/d vazb()l/ / ri / /t z t/ den()rli ri d
81
itisgenerallyagreedthat...
1180 1181 1182 be*** 1183
phrase attentiveness noun verb phrase
/ tentvns/ /bi /, /bi/ / f a w(r) ju /
theactoflisteningtoorwatchingsomething carefully usedwhengivingsomeoneadviceaboutwhatthey shoulddo
83 83 144
ifIwereyou...
beat***
1184
verb /bi t/
biochemical
1185
adjective
ifsomeonesheartbeats,itmakesthesamesound Lifeonthisplanet beatsoutatune. andmovementsagainandagainasitpumpsblood aroundtheirbody relatingtothechemicalsubstancesandprocessesin Duetotheirunderlying biochemicalandbiophysicalprocesses, livingthings ourbodiesallwearoutatroughlythesamerate. relatingtobiologicalprocessesusingthelawsof physics Duetotheirunderlyingbiochemicaland biophysicalprocesses, ourbodiesallwearoutatroughlythesamerate.
78
/ bakemk()l/
78
biophysical
1186 1187 1188 1189 1190
adjective noun phrase phrasalverb phrase adjective noun
/ bafzk()l/ /bren/ / rk j(r) / br p/ brenz/ theorganinsideyourheadthatallowsyoutothink Whatarethebestwaystohelpababys braindevelop? andfeel,andcontrolsyourbody totryveryhardtoremembersomethingortosolvea IvebeenrackingmybrainsforagoodpresentforStephanie. problem tolookafterachilduntilheorshebecomesanadult Whatadvicedoyouthinkshewillgiveonhowto bringupbabies? toteachachildtobehaveinaparticularwayorto haveparticularbeliefs extremelysad Ourparents broughtusuptobelieveinourownabilities. Juliet,brokenheartedatRomeosdeath,alsotookherownlife.
78 84 83 84
brain*** rackyourbrains bringup bringsomeoneuptodosomething brokenhearted
/br du
smwn p t sm/ h(r)td/
1191 1192 bud*
/ brkn /bd/
80 tostopabadsituationfrombecomingworseby takingactionatanearlystageofitsdevelopment Therosebudswillsoonblossomintobeautifulflowers. Learninghowtorecognisewhenalowmoodisstartingmeans wecannipitinthebudmuchearlierthanbefore. 83 ifatuneorphraseiscatchyitattractsyourattention andiseasytoremember tomoveslowlymakinglowsounds tosaythatsomethingistrue,eventhoughthereis nodefiniteproof asmallshellfishthatcanbeeaten tomeasureorrecordthespeedatwhichapersonor vehicleistravelling withnosympathyforotherpeople Thatsongissocatchy. 83 78 89 78 78
nipsomethinginthebud
1193 1194 1195 chugalong 1196 1197 clam 1198 1199 1200
phrase catchy adjective phrasalverb verb noun verb adjective adverb
/ np
sm n
bd/
/ kti/ / t l/ /klem/ /klm/ /klk/ / kld h(r)td/
claim***
clock*** coldhearted commonly**
/ kmnli/
condition
1201 1202 1203
verb /kn d()n/
Thewhalechugsalongforthebestpartofacentury. Somepeopleclaim thatthesecrettostayingyoungistoworkless andhavemorefun. Atrest,aclamsheartbeatsjusttwiceperminute. TheheartoftheEtruscanshrewhasbeen clockedatarecord breakinghighof1,511beatsperminute. Alltheneighboursthoughthimtobea coldheartedmanwho neverevensmiled. usuallyorfrequently Itisalsocommonlysuggestedthatspecialdietsorpreventive medicinearethekeytostayinghealthy. ifsomeoneisconditionedbytheirexperiencesorby Weareconditionedbythemediatobelievethatourcountrys anotherperson,theyareinfluencedbythemsothat wayoflifeisthebest. theythinkorbehaveinaparticularway permissiontodosomething Thetwoteenagersmarriedwithouttheirparentsknowledgeor consent. Themetabolismof couchpotatoesslowsdownlittlebylittle.
88
84 80 88
consent** couchpotato
noun noun
/kn sent/ / kat p tet/ someonewhospendsalotoftimesittingathome watchingtelevision
daydream
1204 1205 deteriorate* 1206
verb verb verb verb adjective noun adjective adjective adjective verb verb noun noun verb verb
/ dedri m/ /dtriret/ /dt(r)mn/ /dsp(r)s/ /dstrktd/ /dstres/ / dan h(r)td/ / danw(r)d/ /lu sv/ / emjlet/ / en(r) daz/ / esk le()n/ / evd()ns/ /fen/
determine** disperse*
tospendtimethinkingaboutsomethingpleasant, especiallywhenyoushouldbedoingsomething moreserious tobecomeworse tocontrolwhatsomethingwillbe tospread,ortomakethingsspread,indifferent directionsoverawidearea notabletoconcentrateonsomething afeelingthatyouhavewhenyouareveryunhappy, worried,orupset sadandfeelingthatthingswillnotgetbetter
WhenIgetdistracted,Isometimes daydream. 82 88 84
Theirbonedensityhadgradually deteriorated. Whatdeterminesourbehaviourmoreourgeneticmakeupor theenvironmentaroundus? Soldiersfiredteargasto dispersethecrowds.
1207 1208 distracted 1209 1210 1211 1212 1213 1214 1215 1216 1217
distress** downhearted downward* elusive emulate energise escalation evidence*** feign flit
WhenIgetdistractedIsometimesdaydream. Thebabydependsonanattentivecaregivertohelphimdeal withhisdistress. Thehometeamfansalllooked downheartedastheirteamlost forthefifthtimeinarow. goingtowardsalowerplaceorlevel Themodeofminddominatedbycriticalthinkingislikelyto provokeandaccelerate downwardmoodspirals. anelusivepersonoranimalisdifficultorimpossible LearningtotamewhattheBuddhistscallourmonkeymindcan tofindorcatch befrustratingand elusive. totrytobelikesomeoneorsomethingelse,usually Thisisnotarecordthatoneshouldaimto emulate. becauseyouadmirethem tomakesomeonefeelfullofenergyorenthusiasm Thestressresponseisabouttriggeringoffaresponsetostress thatenergisesandfocusesanindividual. anincrease,especiallyatafastratethatcauses Mindfulnesshelpstohaltthe escalationofnegativethoughts. problems factsorphysicalsignsthatmightprovesomething Thereissomeevidencethattheeconomyisimproving. topretendtohaveaparticularfeeling tomovequicklyfromoneplacetoanotherwithout stoppinglong Julietfeigned deathinordertoavoidanarrangedmarriagewitha relative. Themonkeymindistheinternalchaosthatkeepsus flittingback andforwards,obsessingabouttheminutiaeoflife.
82 85
83 83 78 161 83
80
1218
/flt/ thenaturalprocessinwhichonelivingthingiseaten Shrewsarelowinthefoodchain. byanother,whichistheneatenbyanother,etc / fu d ten/ todevelopaplan,system,orproposalcarefully, thinkingaboutallofitsdetails Attachmenttheoryisawidelyacceptedtheoryofhuman development,initiallyformulatedbyJohnBowlby. JudgeRoberts'commentsprovokeda furiouspublicresponse.
83
foodchain
1219 1220
noun verb adjective
78 85
formulate* furious**
/ f(r)mjlet/
1221
/ fjris/ usedaboutsituationsinwhichalotofdifferent thingshappenveryfast,oneaftertheother Livingfastandfuriousisclearlythestrategyofchoicetoensure thatyouleaveyourmark. 78
fastandfurious
1222
phrase
/ fst n
fjris/
gene**
1223 1224 inthegenes
noun phrase adverb / den()rli/ noun adverb adjective verb verb noun /di n/ / n di nz/
apatternofchemicalswithinacellthatcarries informationaboutthequalitiespassedtoaliving thingfromitsparents passedthroughthegenes bymostpeople,orinmostinstances
Genesdontdetermineourlivesinanyautomaticsense. 161 84
Itmustbe inthegenes. Governmentanalysts generallybelievethattherecessionisover.
generally***
1225 1226 1227 1228 1229 1230 1231
geneticmakeup genetically halfhearted halt* hamper hand*** ontheonehand...ontheotherhand
/d netk /d netkli/ / hf /hlt/ / hmp(r)/ /hnd/
mek p/
theindividualgenesthatcombinetoformthe qualitiesofalivingthing relatingtogenes donewithnorealinterestorenthusiasm
h(r)td/
Whatdeterminesourbehaviourmoreour geneticmakeupor theenvironmentaroundus? Criminalbehaviourisculturally,ratherthan genetically determined. Thecelebrationswererather halfhearted.
84 84
1232 1233 1234
phrase hardhearted heart*** heartbeat adjective noun noun noun adjective noun noun verb adjective noun
/ n wn hnd, i (r) hnd/ / h(r)d /h(r)t/ / h(r)t bi t/ / h(r)t ret/ /aknk/ /ad/ h(r)td/
ifyouhaltsomething,orifithalts,itdoesnot Mindfulnesshelpsto halttheescalationofnegativethoughts. continueordevelopanyfurther topreventsomethingfromhappeningorprogressing Ithasaverytoxiceffectontheprefrontalcortex,andsoit normally actuallyhampersgrowthofthepathwaysthere. Itisnorhand,norfoot,norarm,norface,noranyotherpart belongingtoaman. usedforgivingtwodifferentopinionsabout Ontheonehand,expansionwouldbegood,but ontheother handitwouldbesadtolosethefamilyatmosphere. n something notabletofeelsympathyorotherpositiveemotions She'snotquiteas hardheartedastheysay. theorganinyourchestthatmakesbloodflow aroundyourbody themovementorsoundofyourheartasitmakes bloodflowroundyourbody thespeedatwhichtheheartbeats veryfamousandwellknown,andbelievedto representaparticularidea athoughtthatyouhaveabouthowtodosomething orhowtodealwithsomething aqualitythatmakesyoufeelasthoughsomethingis happeningnowandthatyouareinvolvedinit tobebornwiththesameappearanceorcharacteras oneofyourparents aninnatequalityorabilityisonethatyouhave alwayshad anabilitytoknoworunderstandsomethingthrough yourfeelings,ratherthanbyconsideringfactsor evidence Awhalesheartistenmilliontimesthesizeofthatofashrew.
83 161 81
78 Youhaveaquotaofaroundonebillion heartbeats. Howisapersonsheartratecalculated? ShakespearesRomeoandJuliet isoneofthemost iconiclove storiesofalltime. Compareyour ideaswithapartner. Theirmindsarefocusedonthe immediacyofthesituation. 83 Shesinheritedmymothersfairskin,whereasItaneasily. 84 Mysisterseemstohavean innateabilitytogetonwithother people. Mindfulnessisamentalfaculty,likeintuitionormusicalability. 84 78 78 80 81
1235 1236 heartrate 1237 1238
iconic idea*** immediacy
1239 1240 1241
/mi disi/ /n hert/ / net/
inherit** innate intuition
1242
/ ntju ()n/
83
A 1243 kindhearted 1244 1245 1246
adjective adjective noun noun adjective
/ kand / led
h(r)td/ bk/
laidback lethargy lifespan** lighthearted
kindandgenerous calmandrelaxed thefeelingoflackingenergyandnotwantingtodo anything thelengthoftimethatapersonoranimallivesoris expectedtolive 1funnyandnotintendedtobeserious
Hewasakindheartedteacherwhowillsurelybemissed. Theremayhavebeensome laidbackshrewsoutthereonce. 78 Therecordfor lethargy,however,goestoanaltogetherdifferent classoforganism. Theirlifespansalsodifferdramatically. Theprogramtakesa lightheartedlookattheweek'sevents. 78 78
/ le(r)di/ / laf spn/
1247
/ lat
h(r)td/ Ifyoulookintheunabridged OxfordEnglishDictionary ,youllfind over2,000wordswhichhavetheirfirstrecordedusein Shakespeare. Ilooknothinglikemysister.
look***
1248 1249 1250 love*** 1251 1252
verb
looknothinglikesomeone/something
phrase noun phrase noun noun noun noun
/lk/ /lk n lak smwn, sm/ /lv/ / lv t f(r)st sat/
87 84 87 80 83
tonotresemblesomeoneorsomethinginanyway
loveatfirstsight meditation metabolism
/ medte()n/
Butloveisblind,andloverscannotsee. whenyoulovesomeonefromthefirsttimeyousee Thetwoteenagersfellin loveatfirstsight. them quietthoughtthathelpsyoutorelaxorthatis Beginnerstomeditationwillnoticetheirmindregularly intendedasaspiritualorreligiousexercise wandering. allthechemicalprocessesbywhichcellsproducethe Themetabolismofcouchpotatoesslowsdownlittlebylittle. energyandsubstancesnecessaryforlife aneventorachievementthatmarksanimportant stageinaprocess thepartofyouthatthinks,knows,remembers,and feelsthings usedforsayingthatyouarebothverycleverwhen youandanotherpersonhavethesameidea Learningtocopewithlossisanotherimportantdevelopmental milestone. Howeasydoyoufindittositinsilenceandcompletelyempty yourmind? Wealmostalwayscomeupwiththesamesolutionbecause great mindsthinkalike.
1253 1254 1255
/m tb lz()m/ / mal stn/ /mand/
88 85 82
milestone mind *** greatmindsthinkalike

1
1256
phrase someonesmindis/goesblank
/ret
mandz k lak/ usedforsayingthatsomeoneis/becomesunableto Whenheaskedmeformynumber, mymindwentcompletely rememberorthinkanything blank. tobecrazyorconfused tobeextremelyworried,jealous,bored,etc Youmustbeoutofyourmindtowanttoseehimagain. Ivebeenoutofmymindwithworry. 83 83 83 Itnevercrossedmymindthatitmightrain. 83
1257 1258
phrase beoutofyourmind tobeoutofyourmindwithworry,jea phrase
/ smwnz mand z, z blk/ /bi at v j(r) mand/
1259 1260 changeyourmind 1261 1262
phrase phrase phrase phrase
/bi at v j(r) mand w wri, delsi, b(r)dm, et set()r/ / tend j(r) mand/ / km t /krs mand/ mand/
cometomind crosssomeonesmind
smwnz
tochangeadecisionoranopinion ifsomethingcomestomind,suddenlyyou rememberitorstarttothinkaboutit ifsomethingcrossesyourmind,itoccurstoyou
ButthatwasyesterdayIve changedmymind! Imafraidnothing comestomind,though.
A 1263
getsomeone/somethingoutofyourm phrase havesomeone/somethinginmind
/et smwn, sm at v j(r) mand/ /hv smwn, mand/
tostopthinkingaboutsomeoneorsomething
ItsdrivingmemadIjustcant getitoutofmymind. 83 Whatkindofhousedidyouhaveinmind?
toknowthetypeofpersonorthingthatyouwant sm n foraparticularpurpose tointendorwanttodosomething
1264
phrase haveitinmindtodosomething
Wehaditinmindtotakelegalproceedingsagainstthem.
1265 1266 1267 1268 1269
phrase setyourmindtosomething slipyourmind takeyourmindoffsomething mind *** mindyourownbusiness

2
phrase phrase phrase verb
/hv t n mand t sm/ /set j(r) mand t sm/ / slp j(r) mand/ /tek j(r) mand f sm/ /mand/
du tobedeterminedtohaveorachievesomething ifsomethingslipsyourmind,youforgettodoit Youcandoitifyou setyourmindtoit. 83 Sorry,yourbirthdaycompletely slippedmymind. 83 tomakeyoustopthinkingorworryingabout Agoodnightoutwillhelpyou takeyourmindoffexams. something tofeelannoyed,upset,orunhappyaboutsomething Mindhowyouuseyourquotaofheartbeats. 78
1270 1271
phrase mindyourhead
1272 nature *** 1273
phrase noun noun
nurture
personality***
1274
noun
arudewayoftellingsomeonenottoaskquestions Heshouldmindhisownbusiness. aboutsomethingthatyoudonotwantthemtoknow / mand j(r) n bzns/ about usedtotellsomeonetobecarefulnottohittheir Mindyourheadintheroomswiththelowceilings. head / mand j(r) hed/ thebasiccharacterofapersonorananimal Personalitydifferencesaredownto nature,notnurture. / net(r)/ thecareandattentiongiventosomethingor Personalitydifferencesaredowntonature,not nurture. someoneinordertohelpthemtodevelop / n(r)t(r)/ Hehasaveryoutgoing personalityandmakesfriendsveryeasily. thepartofapersonthatmakesthembehaveina particularwayinsocialsituations,forexampleina friendlyorunfriendlyway,orinaconfidentorshy way / p(r)s nlti/ therelationshipbetweentwogroupsofanimalsin whichonespecieshunts,kills,andeatstheother /prde()n/ / predt(r)/ Huntersstealthilystalktheirquarrywhileonguardfor predators thatmightbestalkingthem. thefactthatsomeoneislikelytothinkorbehaveina Wehaveallsortsofgeneticpredispositionswhichmayormay notgetrealisedinactuallife. particularway,orlikelytodevelopaparticular medicalcondition arightthataparticularpersonorgrouphas Usethemfast,orusethemslow;thatisthe prerogativeofeach genusorspecies. Itisalsocommonlysuggestedthatspecialdietsor preventive medicalexaminations,treatments,adviceetc medicinearethekeytostayinghealthy. intendedtopreventillnessordiscoveritbeforeit becomesserious wastingmoneyorotherthings Theshrewisdeadwithinayear,havingbeen profligatewithits lifetimerationofheartbeats. ananimalthatkillsandeatsotheranimals Livingfastandfuriousensuresshrewsleavetheirmark,before succumbingtothepressuresof predation.
83
84 84
predation
1275 1276
noun noun noun noun noun adjective
78 83
predator** predisposition
1277 1278
/ pri dsp z()n/ /prrtv/
161 78
prerogative preventivemedicine
1279 1280
/prventv / prflt/
med()s()n/
88 78
profligate
A 1281 1282 1283 1284 1285 1286
pulse** quota** regret** retain** ruminate run*** runinthefamily
noun noun verb verb verb verb
/pls/ / kwt/ /rret/ /rten/ / ru mnet/ /rn/
theregularmovementofbloodastheheartpumpsit Canyoulocateyour pulse? roundthebody anamountofsomethingthatsomeoneisofficially Youhaveaquotaofaroundonebillionheartbeats. allowedtohaveordo tofeelsorryorsadaboutsomethingthatyouhave Iregrettotellyouthatshehasfallensignificantlybehindher saidordone peersinhercoursework. tokeepsomeoneorsomething WerehenotcalledRomeo,hewould retainthatdearperfection whichheoweswithoutthattitle. tothinkaboutsomethingverycarefully Weendupoverthinking,brooding, ruminating,livinginour heads. You'llhavetorunifyouwanttocatchthebus. ifsomethingsuchasaqualityordiseaserunsin Redhairrunsinthefamily. someonesfamily,alotofpeopleinthefamilyhaveit
78 78 85 81 83
1287 1288 1289 1290
phrase scales*** tipthescalesat... sedentary service*** pluralnoun phrase adjective noun noun noun adjective noun verb adverb noun
/ rn n /skelz/ / tp
fm()li/ apieceofequipmentusedforweighingpeopleor things toweighaparticularamount asedentarylifestyleinvolvesalotofsittingandnot muchexercise anoccasionwhenavehicleormachineisexamined tocheckthatitworkscorrectlyandtomakerepairs asmallanimalthatlookslikeamousewithapointed nose sleep makingyoufeelmorecalmandmorerelaxedand lessnervous,worried,orupset someonewholooksexactlylikeanotherperson Heweighedhimselfonthebathroom scales. Thebluewhaletipsthescalesatanalarming100,000kilograms.
84
skelz t/
78 Thesedentarylifestyleofmostpeoplenowadaysisamajorcause ofillhealth. ThecarsinforaserviceandImnotentirelysureIdbeableto getbackintime. Ashrewhasaquotaofaroundonebillionheartbeats. Mindfulnessisaninnerforcethatliftsyoufrom slumber. Theemotionsystemsarethestressresponse,or soothing response,andtheprefrontalareaofthebrain. PeoplesayImthe spittingimageofmybrother. 78 83 161 84 tohuntapersonoranimalbyfollowingthem Huntersstealthily stalktheirquarrywhileonguardforpredators withoutbeingseen thatmightbe stalkingthem. quietlyandsecretlysothatnooneseesorhearsyou Huntersstealthilystalktheirquarrywhileonguardforpredators thatmightbestalkingthem. aworriedornervousfeelingthatstopsyourelaxing, Alargenumberofillnessesarerelatedto stress. caused,forexample,bypressureatworkorfinancial orpersonalproblems Firsttheysaidno,buteventuallythey succumbed. Shrewstrytoleavetheirmarkbefore succumbingtothe toloseyourabilitytofightagainstsomeoneor something,andtoallowthemtocontrolorpersuade pressuresofpredation. you 83 83 88
/ sed()nt()ri/
1291 1292 1293 slumber 1294 1295 1296 1297
/ s(r)vs/ /ru / / slmb(r)/ / su / / spt /stk/ / stelli/ md/
161
shrew
soothing spittingimage stalk stealthily stress***
1298 1299
/stres/ succumb succumbtosomeone/something verb /s km/ /s km t sm/ smwn,
88
1300
phrase
78
A 1301
suggest*** surely***
verb adverb verb phrasalverb noun
tosaythatsomethingislikelytoexistortobetrue /s dest/
Itissuggestedthatspecialdietsorpreventivemedicinearethe keytostayinghealthy. usedforshowingthatyoubelievesomethingisvery Surelyyourealisedwewereinwhenyousawthelightson? likely Swearthatyouloveme,andIllstopbeingaCapulet. Itakeafter myfatherneitherofusisanygoodatsports.
88
1302 1303 swear** 1304
/ (r)li/, / (r)li/ /swe(r)/ / tek ft(r)/
takeafter temperament
tomakeapromisetodosomething tolookorbehavelikeanolderrelative
80 84
someonestemperamentistheirbasiccharacter,for Doyouthinkababys temperamentisduemainlytonatureorto exampletheirtendencytobehappy,angryetc nurture? / temprmnt/ thespeedatwhichsomethinghappens 161 Thetempooflifevariesbothwithinthelifeofanindividualand amongstindividualsacrosstheanimalkingdom. 78 aprinciple,orabelief tomoveyourfingersgentlyonsomeonesskinin ordertogivethemapleasantfeelingortomake themlaugh thestateofexisting,happening,orstaying somewhereforashortperiodoftimeonly tomakesomethinghappen Itsmaintenetisthat,inordertodevelopemotionally,ababy needsasecurebase. Neverticklethenoseofasleepingbear. 85
1305
tempo
1306 1307
noun noun verb noun phrasalverb adjective phrase adjective noun
/ temp/ / tent/
tenet tickle
1308 1309
/ tk()l/ / trnzins/ / tr(r) /tru / /t me f/
79 Youmustallowforthe transienceofeachthought,likebubbles, forminginapotofwater. Differentenvironmentsandcircumstances triggeroffagenetic expressionofaparticulargene. Completethesentencessothattheyare trueforyou. Thatmaywellbetrue,buttherearestillshortagesofteachers. 83 161 82
transience triggeroff
1310 1311 true*** 1312 1313 1314
thatmaywellbetrue... unrequited upbringing*
wel bi
tru /
/ nrkwatd/ / p br/
wander**
1315 1316 warmhearted 1317 1318 weighin 1319 1320
verb adjective adjective phrasalverb phrase noun / wnd(r)/ / w(r)m h(r)td/ / wr/ / we n/ / we n /wel/ t/
usedforagreeingwithsomeoneandthen introducingaconflictingpoint ifyourloveforsomeoneisunrequited,theydonot Heissufferingfrom unrequitedlove. loveyoueventhoughyoulovethem thewaythatparentslookaftertheirchildrenand Iputitdowntoherstrict upbringing. teachthemtobehave AssoonasItrytoworkmymindstarts wandering. ifyourmindorthoughtswander,youstop concentratingandstartthinkingaboutotherthings, especiallybecauseyouareboredorworried friendly,kind,andgenerous arguingorfightingwitheachother
81 84
warring
weighinat... whale**
toweighaparticularamount averylargeseaanimalthatbreathesairthrougha holeonthetopofitshead
Herfamilyisjustaswarmheartedassheis. Ittellsthetaleoftwoteenagersfrom warringfamilieswhofellin love. Boxersweighinafewhoursbeforetheirmatch. Weighinginat2grams,theEtruscanpygmyshrewisoneofthe lightestamongmammals. Thebluewhaletipsthescalesatanalarming100,000kilograms.
80
78 78
wholehearted
1321 1322
adjective adverb
wholeheartedsupport,agreement,effortetcis enthusiasticandcomplete / hl h(r)td/ / wadli/ 1byalotofpeople,orinalotofplaces
Wewouldliketoexpressour wholeheartedsupportforthe campaign. WilliamShakespearewaswidelyregardedasthegreatestwriter intheEnglishlanguage. Theytookdownthe abstractwallhangingsinthecourtrooms. 95 ItsproximitytotheParliamentHouse accentuatesthe architecturalaspectsofTheBeehivethatmanydisliked. Itgainedinstantcritical acclaimonitsopeningin1977. Thebuildingopened tocriticalacclaim. 95 95
widely***
81
1323 Unit8
abstract**
1324 1325 1326 acclaim
adjective / bstrkt/ verb noun
accentuate
/k sentuet/ / klem/
tocriticalacclaim
1327 1328 1329 ado 1330 1331 airy
phrase acutely adverb noun phrase adjective conjunction
/t
kr tk()l klem/
withoutfurtherado
/ kju tli/ / du / /w at f(r)(r) du / / eri/
1abstractideasexistasthoughtsinthe mind,andarenotrelatedtophysicalobjectsorreal eventsandactions toemphasisesomething,ortomakeitmore noticeable publicpraiseforsomeoneorsomething publiclypraisedbycritics(=peoplewhosejobisto writeorbroadcasttheiropinionsaboutthingssuch asbooks,films,orplays) usedforemphasisingthatafeeling,oftenan unpleasantone,isverystrong withoutanydelay
95 Idprobablyfeel acutelyembarrassed. Sowithoutfurther ado,IllhandovertoGrant. Sowithoutfurtherado,IllhandovertoGrant. 92 162 162 162
albeit*
1332
withalotoffreshairandspace Itwasso,soairyandspartan,apartfromtheartworks. usedforintroducingacommentthatslightlychanges Patternisbelievedtobeeverywhere, albeithiddenfromplain orreducestheeffectofwhatyousaidbeforeit view. tosaythatsomethingistrueorthatsomeonehas donesomethingwrongorillegal,eventhoughthis hasnotbeenproved tofixsomethingfirmlysomewhere Itisallegedthattheoppositionpartybelongstoaterrorist organisation.
/l bi t/
97
allege**
1333 1334
verb / led/ verb noun verb adjective noun
97 162 100 95 97
anchor* anthropologist
/ k(r)/ / nr pldst/ / pld/ / (r)btrri/ / v()rd/
1335 1336 applaud 1337 1338
arbitrary* average*** onaverage
Hecouldimagineherlife,aproperlife anchoredsolidtothe ground. someonewhostudieshumansocieties,customs,and Theprofessorhadtalkedaboutjoiningagroupofyoung beliefs anthropologiststoconductresearchinNepal. topraiseadecision,action,ideaetc SomeapplaudedthefuturisticdesignoftheNCPA. notbasedonanyparticularplan,ornotdoneforany Itisreassuringforitpromisesaworldthatismeaningfulrather particularreason thanarbitrary. theamount,level,standardetcthatistypicalofa Incomesherearenowherenearthenational average. groupofpeopleorthings usedfortalkingaboutwhatisusuallytrue,although Itisaconsequenceofthefactthat onaverageyouareusuallyin itmaynotbetrueineveryindividualsituation theslowqueue! makingyoufeelgreatrespectandadmiration,and sometimesfear Itwasaweinspiringtohearthestoriesofsurvivalfromthe refugees.
1339 1340
phrase aweinspiring adjective
/ n
v()rd/
90
/ n spar/
bang*
1341 1342 bearwith 1343 1344 1345
verb phrasalverb phrase noun phrase noun verb noun phrase phrase /b/ / be(r) / be(r) / bju ti/ / bju ti z n i bhld(r)/ a v w/ w mi/
toknockapartofyourbodyagainstsomethingwhen Shebangedintothetableandhurtherknee. youaremoving,especiallybecauseyouarenot lookingwhereyouaregoing Ifyoullbearwithme,I'lltrytoexplain. usedasapolitewayofaskingsomeonetobepatient Ifyoullbearwithme,I'lltrytoexplain. whileyoudoorfinishsomething thequalityofbeingbeautifulorverygoodtolookat Hewasimpressedbyher beautyandcharm. usedforsayingthatdifferentpeoplehavedifferent opinionsaboutwhatisbeautiful anattitudethatyouhavethatmakesyoutreat someoneinawaythatisunfairordifferentfromthe wayyoutreatotherpeople toaccidentallyhitpartofyourbodyagainst something,makingithurt thepossibilitythatsomethingwillhappen Beautyisintheeyeofthebeholder,andwhatmaybe horrendoustooneisasymbolofstyletoanother. Thistypeofselfselectionisatypeof bias. 91 91
bearwithme beauty*** beautyisintheeyeofthebeholder bias*
95
1346 1347 1348 1349 1350
/ bas/ /bmp/ /tns/ / eni /ba tns v/ eni tns/
90 93 91 90 90
bump* chance *** anychanceof...? byanychance ontheoffchance

1
HarleyandDouglas bumpintoeachotheratthebeginningofthe novel. Thechance ofacoinflipcomingupheadsortailsisinvariablyfifty fifty. usedforaskingsomeonetogiveyousomethingordo Anychanceofsomehelp? somethingforyou usedwhenyouareaskingquestionstofindout Couldyoulendmeteneuros byanychance? whethersomethingistrue ifyoudosomethingontheoffchance,youdoiteven Youcouldphone, ontheoffchance. thoughyouthinkitisunlikelytosucceed usedforsayingthatsomethingislikelytohappenbut Thechancesarethatyoullbewrong. isnotcertain asituationinwhichthechancesofsomething Youhaveafiftyfiftychance. happeningornothappeningareequal tobe(very)likelytoachievesomething Youstandagoodchanceofwinning.
1351 1352 1353 1354 1355 1356
phrase (the)chancesare afiftyfifty/anevenchance standa(good)chanceof... chance

2
/n i
tns/
90 90 90 90 notplannedorexpected Theextractdescribesa chanceencounterbetweenDouglasand Harleyafewmomentslater. asituationinwhichsomeonestartsdoingsomething Hewaslookingforacomplete changeofdirection. completelynewordifferent aclassicstyleofclothes,furniture,architectureetcis Shewasdisplayingclassicsymptomsofshock. beautifulinaverysimplewayandwillalwaysbe fashionable cleanshapes,lines,ormovementsaresmooth, TheHighCourtinChandigarhattractedpraiseforits clean regular,ortidy sculpturallines. hownearsomethingistoanotherthing,especiallyin Giventheclosenessoftheschool,youshouldbeabletowalk distanceortime there. 92
phrase phrase verb adjective noun adjective adjective noun
/ tnsz (r)/ / ffti ffti, n i v()n tns/ / stnd d tns v/ /tns/ / tend v drek()n, darek()n/
changeofdirection classic**
1357 1358
/ klsk/ /kli n/
clean*** closeness
95
1359
/ klsns/
clumsy*
1360 1361
adjective adjective noun verb verb
aclumsypersonmovesinawaythatisnotcarefulor Sheapologisedforbeingso clumsyafterknockingoverthevase. graceful,andbreaksthingsorknocksagainstthem / klmzi/ /khrnt/ inwhichallthedifferentpartsfittogetherina sensibleorpleasingway asituationinwhichseparatethingshappenby chanceatthesametimeorinthesameway Atitsmostextremetheresultisafantasy[world]farmore coherentthantherealworld. Weareimpressedby coincidenceswithoutpausingtorecallall noncoincidencesweneverbotheredtokeepanoteof. 97
coherent* coincidence*
1362 1363
/knsd()ns/ /k lad/ ifpeopleorthingscollide,theycrashintoeachother Whentheycollided,hestaggeredbackwardsandnearlyfell.
90 162 tounderstandsomething Howcouldyoupossiblycomprehendthedifficultiesofmy situation? Thissectionprovidesaconceptualframeworkforthetasks.
collide* comprehend
1364
/ kmprhend/ relatingtoideasandprinciples
conceptual
1365 1366 1367
adjective verb noun noun noun noun
/kn septul/ /kn klu d/ / knskwns/ toendortoendsomething,especiallybysomeone sayingordoingsomething aresultoreffectofsomething Heconcludesbystressingthatwebsitedesignisacomplex process. Itisaconsequenceofthefactthatonaverageyouareusuallyin theslowqueue! someonewhobelievesthatagroupofpeople Intheconspiracytheoristsworld,thereisnochanceand secretlyworkedtogethertocauseaparticularevent coincidence. Conspiracytheorieswerefrequentlydiscussedattheendofthe secondmillennium. Appearancesaredeceptivebecause conspiratorswishtodeceive. 98 90
conclude*** consequence*** conspiracytheorist
1368 1369
/kn sprsi /kn sprsi
rst/ ri/ theideathatagroupofpeoplesecretlyworked togethertocauseaparticularevent someonewhosecretlymakesaplanwithanother personorgrouptodosomethingbadorillegal, especiallyinpolitics somethingthatisconvincingmakesyoubelievethat itistrueorpersuadesyoutodosomething
96 97
conspiracytheory conspirator
1370
/kn sprt(r)/
97 Hewilldemandconvincingevidencebeforeheadoptsanew theory
convincing**
1371
adjective
/kn vns/ Thediscoverywassubsequently coveredup. tohidethetruthaboutsomethingbynottelling whatyouknoworbypreventingotherpeoplefrom tellingwhattheyknow todamagesomethingsothatalineorlongnarrow IfIaccidentallyknockedoveravaseinashopandit cracked,I holeappearsonitssurface,butitdoesnotbreakinto definitelywouldntpayforit. pieces tohitorpresssomethingsohardthatyoudamageit WereItositonsomeoneshatbymistake,and crushit,Id severelyordestroyit,especiallybymakingitsshape probablyfeelacutelyembarrassed. flatter somethingthatisdeceptiveseemsverydifferent Appearancesare deceptivebecauseconspiratorswishtodeceive. fromthewayitreallyis
coverup
1372
phrasalverb
/ kv(r)
p/
96
crack**
1373
verb /krk/
92
crush**
1374 1375
verb adjective
/kr/ /dseptv/
92 97
deceptive
A 1376 1377
decisive dent design***
adjective verb noun
/dsasv/ /dent/
makingthefinalresultofasituationcompletely certain topushorknockasurfaceinwards
Thatvisitprovedtobea decisiveturningpointinmylife. 100 92
IfIweretoreverseintoacarwhileIwasparking,and dentthe bonnet,Imightleaveanote. thewaythatsomethingismadesothatitworksina Thebuildingproveddecidedlylesspopular,bothintermsof certainwayorhasacertainappearance designandfunctionality.
1378
/dzan/ adistinguishingfeature,marketcmakessomeoneor Itsdistinguishingfeatureisthatallofitspiping,elevators,andso somethingclearlydifferentfromothersimilarpeople on,areontheexterior. orthings anaddressontheinternet Adomainnameisthenamegiventoyourwebsite. makingyoufeelboredorunhappy Wedecidedtostayinandwatchafilmbecauseofthe dreary weather. Thepolicerefusedto elaborateonthecircumstancesofthe arrest. togivemoredetailsorinformationaboutsomething Thepolicerefusedto elaborateonthecircumstancesofthe arrest.
95
distinguishing
1379 1380 domainname 1381
adjective noun adjective verb
/dstw/ /dmen nem/ / drri/
95 162
dreary elaborate
1382
/lb()rt/
elaborateonsomething
1383
phrase engagein phrasalverb adjective verb phrase adjective adjective verb verb
/lb()rt n
sm/ Theconspiracytheoristmust engageinaconstantprocessof totakepartinaparticularactivity,especiallyone thatinvolvescompetingwithotherpeopleortalking mappinghiddenconnections. tothem makingsomethingbetterormoreenjoyable Itprovedtobean enrichingexperience. Couldyoupossiblyexpandonthat? totalkorwritemoreaboutsomething,addingmore Irefuseto expandanyfurther onmyearlierstatement. detailsorinformation affectingalotofpeopleorthingsinanimportant Thistypeofselfselectionisatypeofbiasthatcanhave far way reachingconsequencesinscience. veryenthusiasticandsincere,especiallyabout Manypeoplehateit,butitalsohasitsshareof ferventadmirers. somethingyoubelieveinorsupport tomoveyourarmsandlegsaboutinanuncontrolled Heflailedouttosteadyhimself,hittingherontheshoulder. way 1ifsomethingflattens,orifyouflattenit, WereItositonsomeoneshatbymistake,and flattenit,Id itbecomesflatorflatter probablyfeelacutelyembarrassed. 2todestroysomethingcompletely ifyouflipacoinyouthrowitintotheair,makingit Ifyouflipacoinfivetimesandgetheadseachtime,doyoustand turnoverquickly,inordertodecideaboutanissue ahigherchanceofgettingtailsthanbefore? aforwardthinkingpersonorcompanyisinventive, makingprogressanddevelopmentapriority Thebuilding,withitsbrightlycolouredsteeltubes,is forward thinking. 162 thepartofastructureofabuildingthatisbelowthe Thefoundationsmovewhentheresanearthquake. groundandsupportstherestofit 99
1384 1385 enriching 1386 expand 1387 1388 1389 1390 1391 1392
expandon/uponsomething farreaching fervent flail flatten
/n ed n/ /n rt/ /k spnd/ /k spnd n, pn sm/ / f(r) ri t/
97 101 98
90 95 162 92
/ f(r)v()nt/ /flel/ / flt()n/
flip
1393
verb
/flp/
91
forwardthinking
1394 1395
adjective pluralnoun
/ f(r)w(r)d
k/
foundations
/fan de()nz/
A 1396 1397 1398 1399 1400
functionality futuristic gossip greet** grotesque handout
noun adjective verb verb adjective noun noun phrasalverb phrase adverb noun adjective
/ fk nlti/ / fju t rstk/ / sp/ /ri t/ /rtesk/
practicality;thequalityofachievingthepurposefor Thebuildingproveddecidedlylesspopular,bothintermsof whichsomethingwasdesigned designandfunctionality. somodernthatitseemstobelongtothefuture Someapplaudedthe futuristicdesignoftheNCPA. totalkaboutotherpeopleoraboutthingsthatare notimportant toreacttoanactionornewsinaparticularway extremelyuglyandstrange apieceofpaperwithinformationonitthatisgiven toeveryoneinagroup,especiallyaclassofstudents Idon'twantpeople gossipingaboutme. Thenewdesignofthebuildingwas greetedwithoutrage.
95
95 ThePompidouCulturalCentrehasbeencalled grotesque, monstrousorjustplainugly. There'sahandoutgoinground,IhopeIvemadeenough. 95
1401 1402 1403 1404 1405
/ hndat/ / h(r)mni/ / h(r) /hv /hens/ v/ sm/ toknowabouttheexistenceofsomeoneor something usedforintroducingsomethingthatisaresultofthe factthathasjustbeenstated amuseumthatfeaturestheart,traditions,and beliefsthatasocietyconsidersimportanttoits historyandculture veryuglyorfrighteninginappearance theattractiveeffectthatiscreatedwhenobjects, coloursetccombinetogetherwell TheNCPAwasfeltbymanytobeoutof harmonywiththe ForbiddenCity'simperialarchitecture. Iwasshockedtohearofhisdeath. Haveyouheardofthesetheories?
162 94
harmony** hearof haveheardofsomething hence*** heritagemuseum
h(r)d v
96 Hencetheconspiracytheoristmustengageinaconstantprocess ofmappinghiddenconnections. HarleySavageacceptsaninvitationtosetupa heritagemuseum inKarakarook. Thecorpsehada hideousgrinonitsface. Withthebenefitof hindsight,it'seasytosayitwasthewrong decision. 97
1406 1407
/ hertd mju / hdis/
zi m/
93
hideous
hindsight
1408
noun / han(d) sat/ giventheopportunitytojudgeorunderstandpast eventsusingknowledgethatyouhavegainedsince then extremelybadorshocking astateofuncontrolledexcitementorextremefear
withhindsight
1409 1410 1411
Withhindsight,saythescientists,it'sclearthattheexperiment wasdoomedtofail. Whatmaybe horrendoustooneisasymbolofstyleand modernismtoanother. Themanhadalookof hysteriaaroundthecornersofhismouth.
phrase horrendous hysteria impressive** adjective noun adjective verb
/ w
han(d) sat/
/hrends/ /hstri/
95 162
ifsomethingisimpressive,youadmireit,forexample OneoftheNewZealandgovernmentbuildingsisthe impressive becauseitisverygood,large,orshowsgreatskill buildingknownasTheBeehive. /m presv/ /n f(r)m/ toinfluencesomethingsuchasanopinion,attitude, JohnDBarrowexamineshowmaths informseverydaysituations. orstyle 95 90
1412 1413
inform***
A 1414 1415 1416 1417 1418 1419 1420 1421 1422 1423 1424 1425 1426 1427 1428
innovative* insideout* intention*** thebest(of)intentions keeping
adjective adverb noun phrase noun
/ nvetv/, / nvtv/ / n sad at/
new,original,andadvanced withtheinsidepartfacingout aplaninyourmindtodosomething
Thenewofficebuildingisoneofthemostwelldesigned, innovativebuildingsinthearea. Theindustriallookissortofthatkindof insideoutuniquestyle. 162 Whatisyourintention?
/n ten()n/ / best v n ten()nz/
inkeeping/outofkeepingwithsometh phrase lifeenhancing likeness lookback minimise* modern* modernism monstrous nationaltreasure nickname odds** adjective noun phrasalverb verb adjective noun adjective noun verb pluralnoun noun phrase noun adjective noun
/ n ki p, at v ki p w sm/ / laf n hns/ / lakns/ / l k bk/
/ ki p/
planstodosomethinggood,whichoftendonotturn Evenwithtoparchitectsand thebestofintentions,itsstill outaswellasexpected possibletogetabuildingsdesignhorriblywrong. ManyfeltthattheNCPAwasoutof keepingwiththeForbidden City'simperialarchitecture. inthesamemannerorstyle/notinthesamemanner ManyfeltthattheNCPAwas outofkeepingwiththeForbidden orstyleassomethingelse City'simperialarchitecture. somethingwhichislifeenhancingmakessomeones Itprovedtobea lifeenhancingexperience. lifebetterormoreenjoyable thequalityofbeingsimilartosomeoneorsomething Idon'tthinkshebearsa likenesstoherfather. else tothinkaboutatimeoreventinthepast LookbackattheplacesyoutalkedaboutbrieflyintheWarmup. tomakesomethingseemmuchlessimportantthanit Wemustminimisethedamagetoinnocentcivilians. reallyis usingnewstylesthatareverydifferentfromthe Thisbuildinglooksverymodern,almostfuturistic. stylesofthepast astyleofart,literatureetcthatdevelopedinthe Whatmaybehorrendoustooneisasymbolofstyleand earlypartofthe20thcentury modernismtoanother. verylargeandoftenuglyorfrightening ThePompidouCulturalCentrehasbeencalledgrotesque, monstrousorjustplainugly. abuilding,artefact,areaetcthatisimportanttoa Whatbuildinginyourcountrywouldyoudescribeasa national countryshistoryorculture treasure? togivesomeone/somethinganinformalname Nicknamedtheegg,theNCPAdividedopinionevenbeforeits openingconcertin2007. thechancesofsomethinghappening Theoddsofgettinghitbyafallingsatelliteareverysmall.
95 95 95 101
99
/ mnmaz/ / md(r)n/ / md(r) nz()m/ / mnstrs/ / n()nl / nk nem/ trer/
162 95 95 94 95
1429 1430 1431 1432 1433 1434
/dz/ / pnjn/ / pnjn z dvadd/ / at red/ / v(r) / prsl/ tp/ theattitudeyouhavetowardssomething,especially Doyouagreewiththe opinionsofthespeakers? yourthoughtsabouthowgooditis usedtosaythatsomepeoplelikesomethingor Opinionwasdividedoverthenewwingofthemuseum. approveofit,butotherpeopledonot astrongfeelingofangerandshockatsomethingthat ThecentreisinoneoftheoldestneighbourhoodsinParis,which youfeeliswrongorunfair addedtomanylocalresidents outrage. morethanwhatisconsiderednormalorsuitable Itstrikesmeasbeingrather overthetop. atypeofumbrelladesignedtoprovideprotection fromthesun Theyparkedtheircarsdefiantlyonthepedestrianwalkways underthe parasolroof. 94 95 95 96 95
opinion*** opinionisdivided outrage* overthetop parasol
A 1435 1436 1437 1438 1439 1440
pattern*** pedestrian* piping plausible probability** profusely prove***
noun noun noun adjective noun adverb verb
/ pt(r)n/ /p destrin/ / pap/ / plzb()l/ / prb blti/ /pr fju sli/
aseriesofactionsoreventsthattogethershowhow thingsnormallyhappenoraredone someonewhoiswalking,especiallyinatownorcity, insteadofdrivingorriding asystemoflongtubes,especiallyinabuilding likelytobetrue ameasureofhowlikelysomethingistohappen ifyouapologiseprofusely,youtellsomeonethatyou aresorrymanytimes ifsomethingprovestohaveaparticularquality, thingshappenthatshowithasthatquality
Becausetheconspiracistsworldhasnoroomforaccident, patternisbelievedtobeeverywhere. Theareaisopentocyclistsand pedestrians. Itsdistinguishingfeatureisthatallofits piping,elevators,andso on,areontheexterior. Abombwastheonly plausibleexplanationforthecrash. Theprobabilityofrainonthenextsimilardaywillbe80/100.
97
95
91 IfIhappenedtotripandspillcoffeeoversomeone,Idapologise profusely. Thebuildingproveddecidedlylesspopularwiththehighcourt judges. Ourofficecanprovideinformationonthelocalarea. onlyifaparticularthinghappensorisdone tocauseareaction,especiallyanangryone Providingthatwestayinthisqueue,wemightbeOK. 91 Thefollowingfourbuildingsall provokedstrongreactionswhen theywerefirstbuilt. hownearsomethingistoanotherthing,especiallyin Partofitsproblemwasits proximitytotheneighbouring distanceortime EdwardianneoclassicalParliamentHouse. tosayorwritesomethinginaparticularway Putthemintothreegroups:neutral,positiveandnegative. aradicalchangeorwayofdoingsomethingisnew Thisinvitationmarkeda radicalchangeindirectionthatwould andverydifferentfromtheusualway continueforyearstocome. absenceofanyparticularmethod,pattern,or Aconspiracistworldviewimpliesauniversegovernedbydesign purpose ratherthanby randomness. todescribewhathasalreadybeendoneordecided, We'lljustrecapbrieflyonwhatwedid. withoutrepeatingthedetails togetsomethingagainthatyoulostorthatsomeone In1947,aUFOwasrecoveredatRoswellairbase,NewMexicoby stolefromyou theAmericanarmy. Whatregrets,ifany,doyouhave,andwhy? tohavenofeelingsofsadnessaboutsomethingthat Ihavenoregretsaboutgettingmarriedatayoungage. youhavesaidordone togobackwardsinavehicle,ortomakeavehicledo IfIweretoreverseintoacarwhileIwasparking,anddentthe this bonnet,Imightleaveanote. tomakeaholeinsomethingusingforce Jodierippedtheletteropen. adifficultactivitythatyouneedtobeintelligentto doorunderstand IhopeIvedemonstratedthatdesigningawebsiteisnot rocket science. 95 95 95 100 97 92
1441 1442 1443 1444 1445 1446 1447 1448 1449
/pru v/ provide*** provided(that)...,providing(that)... provoke** proximity put*** radical** randomness recap recover*** verb phrase verb noun verb adjective noun verb verb noun phrase verb verb noun /pr vad/ /pr vadd t, pr vad t/ /pr vk/ /prk smti/ /pt/ / rdk()l/ / rndmns/ / ri kp/, / ri kp/
95
1450 1451 regret* 1452 1453 1454 1455
/rkv(r)/ /rret/ /hv n rrets/
96 101
havenoregrets reverse** rip** rocketscience
/rv(r)s/ /rp/ / rkt sans/
92
162
A 1456 1457 rumoured 1458 1459 1460 1461
itsnotrocketscience
phrase adjective noun phrase adjective phrase verb verb adjective adjective verb adjective verb verb verb verb noun phrase verb phrase verb
/ts nt rkt / ru m(r)d/ /slt/ / slt v i
sans/
usedtoshowthatyoudonotthinkanactivityis difficultatall reportedbutnotdefinitelytrue
salt** thesaltoftheearth sceptical* scepticalabout scrape*
IhopeIvedemonstratedthat designingawebsiteisnotrocket science. Theheadofstateis rumouredtobedead. Addapinchof salt. Douglasstoodwiththecurtaininhishand,watchingher,a saltof theearthtype. Althoughcriticswerescepticalatfirst,thefilmprovedtobevery popular. Howtrustingor scepticalareyouabouttheresultsofscientific datainarticlesoronwebsites? You'llhavetoscrapethewallsbeforeyoupaintthem.
162 97
(r)/
anordinarypersonwhoisrespectedbecausethey arehonestandgood
162 95 90
/ skeptk()l/ / skeptk()l bat/ havingdoubtsaboutsomethingthatotherpeople thinkistrueorright toinjureapartofyourbodyordamagesomething byrubbingitagainstaroughsurface 1todamageasurfacebymarkingitwith somethingsharporrough obvious,andthereforenotneedinganyexplanation
1462 1463 1464 1465 1466 1467 1468 1469
/skrep/ /skrt/ / self evd()nt/ IfIweretoreverseintoacarwhileIwasparking,and scratchthe bonnet,Imightleaveanote. Thetermconspiracyhasoftenbeenleftundefined,asthoughits meaningwereselfevident. mysteriousandsecret,ornotunderstood TheAmericanpresident,JohnFKennedywasassassinatedbya shadowyorganisation. tobreaksomethingsuddenlyintoalotofsmall IfIaccidentallyknockedoveravaseinashopanditshattered,I pieces definitelywouldntpayforit. asleepyplaceisveryquietanddoesnothavemuch HarleySavagesetsupaheritagemuseuminKarakarook,a sleepy activity townintheAustralianoutback. ifyouslip,yourfeetslideaccidentallyandyoulose IfIhappenedto slipandspillcoffeeoversomeone,Idapologise yourbalanceorfallover profusely. tobreaksomethingnoisilyintomanypiecesby IfIaccidentallyknockedoveravaseinashopand smashedit,I droppingorhittingitwithalotofforce definitelywouldntpayforit. tomakesomethinghappen,especiallysomething Thecostofthebuildinglikemanyothermajorarchitectural involvingviolenceorangryfeelings projectsalsosparkeddebate. todamagesomethingbypressingorcrushingitand WereItositonsomeoneshatbymistake,and squashit,Id makingitloseitsnormalshape probablyfeelacutelyembarrassed. Childrenthrew stonesathim. tobeveryclosetosomething Thetitaniumandglassdomesetinanartificiallake isjusta stonesthrowfromtheancientForbiddenCity. Itwasthenthatthethought struckher. 92 97 96 92 93 92 92
scratch* selfevident shadowy shatter* sleepy* slip*** smash** spark*
/ di/ / t(r)/ / sli pi/ /slp/ /sm/
1470 1471 1472 1473 1474 1475 1476
/sp(r)k/ /skw/ /stn/
95 92
squash stone*** beastonesthrow(away)fromsomet strike*** strikesomeoneassomething stumble*
/bi stnz r we frm sm/ /strak/
95
/ strak smwn z sm/ / stmb()l/
tomakesomeonehaveaparticularopinionor Itstrikesmeasbeingcompletelyridiculous. feeling tofalloralmostfallwhileyouarewalkingorrunning IfIhappenedto stumbleandspillcoffeeoversomeone,Id apologiseprofusely.
96 92
A 1477 1478 1479 1480 1481 1482
suppose*** suppose/supposing(that)...
verb phrase verb verb phrasalverb noun adjective noun
/s pz/
Isupposeshemustbedelightedaboutgettingthejob. 1usedforintroducingapossiblesituation Supposingthatwegetinthatqueue,willitbequicker? oractionandtheresultsofit 2usedforsuggestingsomething Tutilokepthiseyesonthecobbles, treadingcarefully. towalkorsteponsomething IfIhappenedto tripandspillcoffeeoversomeone,Idapologise profusely. tostartdoingsomethingnewordifferentfromwhat Let'sturnnowtothefeaturesofagoodwebsite. youweredoingbefore atimewhenanimportantchangetakesplaceina Thatvisitprovedtobeadecisive turningpointinmylife. situation,especiallyonethatmakesitbetter notthesameasanythingoranyoneelse themovementoffreshairaroundaroomor building,orasystemthatallowsthistohappen alossofbalance,orafeelingthatthingsaroundyou arespinning,oftenbecauseyouareinaveryhigh place apaththathasbeenbuiltforpeopletowalkalong, especiallyonethatisabovegroundleveland connectstwobuildings tomakesomethinghappenbywishingforitvery strongly apartofabuildingthatsticksoutfromthemain part,especiallyonewithaparticularpurpose Ithoughtthattheywereallquite unique. Therewasntventilationorartificiallighting. tohityourfootonsomethingandfalldown
/s pz, s pz t/
91
tread* trip** turnto turningpoint
/tred/ /trp/ / t(r)n tu / 92 162
1483 1484 unique***
/ t(r)n pnt/ /ju ni k/
100 162
ventilation
1485
/ ventle()n/ Henoticessmokecomingfromtheroomand,overcominghis vertigo,heclimbsintorescuethequilt.
99
vertigo
1486
noun
/ v(r)t/
93 Theyparkedtheircarsdefiantlyonthepedestrian walkways undertheparasolroof. 95 Anythingthathappensoccursbecauseithasbeen willed. 97 I'llhavetowingitifIcan'tfindmynotes.
walkway
1487 1488
noun verb verb
/ wk we/ /wl/
will** wing***
1489 1490 Unit9
/w/ thebackpartofthethreepartsintowhichan insectsbodyisdivided / bdmn/ asaresultofsomething Thebeesbody,especiallytheabdomen,wagsvigorouslyfrom sidetosideduringthestraightlinecourseofthedance. 163 Noformalcomplaintwasmade; accordingly,thepolicetookno action. tomakeapieceofequipmentoraprocessstart Antsfindtheirwaytofoodandbacktotheirnestsbystoringand working activatingmemoryimages. tomakesomeonedislikeyou,ornotwanttohelpor Theircampaignhas alienatedthepublic. supportyou asystemformakingproductsinafactoryinwhich Atthebeginningofthelastcentury,thetractorandthe assembly eachworkerormachineisresponsibleforaddingor linerevolutionisedtheAmericaneconomy. checkingaparticularpart
abdomen
1491 1492 1493 1494
noun adverb verb verb noun / sembli
accordingly* activate* alienate assemblyline
/ k(r)dli/ / ktvet/ / elinet/
128
1495
lan/
105
A 1496
assertive automobile
adjective nounmainlyA noun phrase noun
/ s(r)tv/
behavinginaconfidentwayinwhichyouarequick toexpressyouropinionsandfeelings acar
Youneedtobeabitmore assertive,youknow. 163 Beforethedustkickedupbythebicycleshadevensettled,the wholeorderwastoppledagainbythe automobile. 106
1497 1498 back*** 1499 1500
/ tm bi l/ /bk/ / bk nd / bd f(r)/
backandforth badform
f(r)m/
bee**
1501
noun /bi /
He'sbrokenhis back,buthe'sstillalive. movingfirstinonedirectionandthenintheopposite Switchingbackandforthfromoneactivitytoanotheris directionmanytimes uncomfortable. behaviourthatpeopledonotlikebecauseitbreaksa Itsverybadformtoleavetheofficebeforethebossdoes. socialrule Aflyinginsectthathasblackandyellowbandsand Thebees pouredout,rushingupallofasuddeninspiralsofchaos canstingyou.Beesmakehoney,andbeesthatare andnoise. notwildliveinhives.Thesoundabeemakesis writtenasbuzz. Augustbentoverthehive,inspectingtheframes,thehalfmoon ifaperson,objectorvehiclebouncesalongoris shapeofherhelmet bouncingalong. bouncedalong,theymoveupanddownasifthey areonsprings asystemwhereagroupofcarownersagreetotravel Shedoesn'tdriveeverydaybecauseshetakespartinher togethertowork,collegeetcsothatonlyonecaris company'scarpoolscheme. usedeachtime asituationinwhicheverythingisconfusedandina Thebeespouredout,rushingupallofasuddeninspiralsof chaos mess andnoise. thejoboflookingafterchildren,especiallywhile Thereisvirtuallynochildcareprovisionforworkingmothers. theirparentsareworking Acolumnofsmokewas coilingslowlyupintotheair. tomoveinacurvetightlyaroundsomething Mybreathcamefasterandsomething coiledaroundmychest. ifpeopleorthingscollide,theycrashintoeachother Abeeflewstraightatmyforehead, collidedwiththenetand bumpedagainstmyskin. agroupofanimalsorbirdsofthesametypethatlive Whenabeereturnstothe colonywithnectarorpollen,she inthesamearea performsadanceonthesurfaceofthehoneycomb. thejourneytoandfromworkeveryday Leemakesatwohour commuteintoSeoultostartworkat 8.30am. tothinkofsomethingsuchasanewidea,plan,or IntheWest,timeistypicallyconceivedofaslinear,moving design forwardrelentlessly. asituationinwhichaplaceiscrowdedwithpeople CongestioninLhasaisjustasbadasthatinCaracas. orvehicles,sothatitisdifficulttomovearound
163 105
108
bouncealong
1502
phrasalverb
/ bans l/
109
carpoolscheme
1503 1504
noun noun noun verb phrase verb noun noun verb noun
/ k(r) / kes/
pu l
ski m/
chaos** childcare
108 105
1505 1506 coil 1507 1508 1509 1510 1511
/ tald ke(r)/ /kl/ /kl rand /k lad/ / klni/ /k mju t/ /kn si v/ sm/
coilaroundsomething collide* colony** commute conceive** congestion
109 108 163 105 163
1512
/kn dest()n/ apaymentthatdriversmakeeachdayfortheright todriveintoacitycentre,introducedasawayof t(r)d/ reducingtraffic asaresult Thereisafinefornotpayingthedaily congestionchargewithin 24hours. Consequently,cyclistschanceofinjury,especiallyonpoorlylit streets,isgreatlyincreased.
107
congestioncharge
1513 1514
noun consequently** adverb
/kn dest()n / knskwntli/
112
A 1515 1516 considerably** 1517 1518 1519 1520
consider**
verb adverb verb verb noun verb adjective adjective verb adjective noun noun verb adjective verb noun noun
/kn sd(r)/ /kn sd()rbli/ / knsttju t/ /kn strkt/ /kn trav()ns/ /kri p/
constitute** constrict contrivance creep* crucial***
tohaveaparticularopinionaboutsomeoneor something alot ifsomethingconstitutessomethingelse,itis consideredtobethatthing tolimitwhatsomeoneisableorallowedtodo acomplicatedmachineorpieceofequipment designedforaparticularpurpose ifsomethingsuchasfire,thesun,orfogcreeps somewhere,itmovesslowly somethingthatiscrucialisextremelyimportant becauseithasamajoreffectontheresultof something cyclicaleventshappenagainandagaininthesame orderoratthesametimes toperformorbeperformedinpublicforthefirst time usedforsayingthatyouwouldlikesomethingto happen adevelopingcountryispooranddoesnothave manyindustries
Ifyouthoughtyouworkedlonghours, consider39yearoldLee fromSouthKorea. Carsareconsiderablyfasterthantheyusedtobe. Inessence,thedances constitutealanguagethattellsother workerswherethefoodsourceis. Ithinkitwasconstrictingme,holdingmebackfromwhatIcould reallyachieve. Anewfangledcontrivancecamealongthatupsetthefragile balanceoftraffic:thebicycle. Icreptdownstairswheneveryonewasasleep. Itiscrucialthatthisshouldbedone.
105 107 109 164 106
1521 1522
/ kru ()l/ / sklk()l/
113 Intraditionalagriculturalsocieties,timeisoftenexperiencedas cyclical,orspiral. Whenthefirstelectriccar debutedinmidnineteenthcentury England,thespeedlimitwashastilysetat4milesperhour. Doyouthinkafourhourdayisfeasible,or desirable? 104 Aconsiderablenumberofshorthoursworkersin developingand transitioncountriesmaybeunderemployed. 105 163
cyclical debut
1523 1524
/ debju / /dzarb()l/
106
desirable** developingcountry
1525 1526 1527 1528
/dvelp
kntri/ theabilitytodealwithpeopleinasensitivewaythat Well,thatallsoundsverygood,multitaskingand diplomacyand doesnotupsetoroffendthem tact. tofindoutsomethingthatyoudidnotknowbefore Thetwomendecidedto discoverthetruthforthemselves. Switchingbackandforthfromoneactivitytoanotheriswasteful anddistracting. togivesomethingsuchasfood,clothes,ormoneyto Afterthedancesheoften distributesfoodtothebeesfollowing her. agroupofpeople,especiallysothateachperson getsanequalshare boringandunpleasantworkthatyouhavetodo Thecomputerhasopenedgloriousopportunitiesforafurther reductionofour drudgery. verysmallpiecesofdirtthatcoversurfacesinside Beforethe dustkickedupbythebicycleshadevensettled,the buildingslikeapowder wholeorderwastoppledagainbytheautomobile. toallowasituationtobecomecalmornormalagain Let'sjustletthedustsettlebeforewedecidewhattodo. aftersomethingexcitingorunusualhashappened preventingyoufromconcentratingonsomething
diplomacy discover*** distracting distribute**
/dplmsi/ /dskv(r)/ /dstrkt/
163
163
1529 1530
/dstrbju t/ / drdri/
163 105
drudgery dust**
1531
/dst/
106
letthedustsettle
1532
phrase
/ let
dst
set()l/
tomakeasound emit
1533 1534 1535 1536 1537
verb noun phrase noun phrase
Thisvibrationofthebodyproducesatailwaggingmotion,andat thesametime,thebee emitsabuzzingsound. 163
/mt/ /m plmnt/ / kul m plmnt/ /end/ / mek endz mi t/ /r smwn di p end/ / es()ns/ / n /a/ / hv j(r) smwn/ /f(r)/ a n es()ns/ n t workthatyouarepaidregularlytodoforapersonor Thereareplentyof employmentopportunitiesintheITsector. company workthatisnotregularorpermanent Hesupportedhimselfthrough casualemploymentwhile travellingduringhisgapyear. Thewomanwillheartheoutcomeoftheinterviewatthe endof theday. tohavejustenoughmoneytobuythethingsthat Oneinfiveworkersaroundtheworldisworkingmorethan48 youneed hoursaweek,oftenmerelyto makeendsmeet. tomakesomeonedealwithsomethingdifficult Wewouldntthrowyoucompletelyinatthedeepend,wedlike withoutpreparingthemforit youtobecomefamiliarwiththemaintasksandduties. Theessenceoftheirargumentisthatlifecannotbeexplainedby science. Inessence,thedancesconstitutealanguagethattellsother usedforemphasisingwhatisthemostimportant featureofsomething workerswherethefoodsourceis. IusuallygetarashifIeatthemandsymptomssimilartoacold, likewateryeyesandarunnynose. tobewatchingsomeonecarefully,especiallybecause Whentheybumpyourforehead,theyresayingI vegotmyeye youthinktheyaregoingtodosomethingwrong onyou,soyoubecareful. alongdistance usedforsayingthatsomethinghasmuchmoreofa particularqualitythananythingelse adeathcausedbyanaccident,war,violence,or disease commentsabouthowwellorhowbadlysomeoneis doingsomething,whichareintendedtohelpthem doitbetter theshapeofthenumber8 todiscoverafactorpieceofinformation tomakesmallchangestosomethinginorderto makeitasgoodoraseffectiveaspossible tosearchinawideareaforsomething,especially food theupperpartofyourfacebetweenyoureyesand yourhair astructurethatformspartofanobjectandgivesit itsstrengthandshape Carsarealotfasterthantheyusedtobe. Motorwaysarebyfartheworstroadsintermsoftrafficfatalities. Motorwaysarebyfartheworstroadsintermsoftraffic fatalities.
employment*** casualemployment end*** makeendsmeet throwsomeoneinatthedeepend
105
110 105
1538 1539 1540 1541
phrase essence** inessence eye*** haveyoureyeonsomeone noun phrase noun
164
109 164
1542 1543 far*** 1544 1545
phrase adverb phrase noun noun
109 107 107 107
byfar...,farandaway... fatality feedback**
/ ba f(r), we/ /f tlti/
f(r) nd
WillIreceivefeedbackfromthisinterview? 110 Thewaggledancermakesasemicircleintheoppositedirection tocompleteafull figureofeightcircuit. Imtryingtofindoutwherethatwaspwent. Bats'earsandbraincellsare finetunedtohearminimal differencesinsound. Birdsthatforage forfoodinflocksarelesslikelytomigrate,asare birdsthatliveinallyearclimates. Abeeflewstraightatmy forehead,collidedwiththenetand bumpedagainstmyskin. Augustpulledoutthebrood frames,notevenwearinghergloves. 163 109 131 131 108 109
1546 1547 1548 findout 1549 1550 1551 1552
/ fi dbk/ figureofeight noun phrasalverb verb verb noun noun / f(r) v et/ / fand at/ / fan tju n/
finetune forage forehead** frame**
/ frd/ / frd/, / f(r) hed/ /frem/
A 1553 1554
frenetic fritteraway funnel
adjective phrasalverb noun
/fr netk/ / frt(r) we/
1555 1556 1557 get***
/ fn()l/
gasoline
1558 1559 getsomethingdone 1560 1561 1562 1563 1564 1565 1566 1567 1568
getannoyed/bored/stressed,etc
nounAmerican / sli n/ /et/ verb / et nd, b(r)d, strest, et set()r/ phrase /et sm dn/ phrase phrase phrase phrase adjective phrasalverb adverb adverb noun / et t du sm/ /et smwn t du sm/ / et t sku l, w(r)k, et set()r/ / lris/ / r p/
doneveryfastandwithalotofenergy,oftenby someonewhoisinahurry towastetimeormoneyonthingsthatarenot necessaryorimportant atubethatiswideatthetopandnarrowatthe bottom,usedforpouringliquidorpowderintoa container petrol(=aliquidusedasfuelforcarsandother vehicles) tostarttobeannoyed,bored,stressed,etc
Thepaceoflifeinpolychromicsocietiesistypicallylessfrenetic andmorerelaxed. Overthenextyearhe fritteredawayallhiswinnings. Iwatchedthe funnelofbeesformdifferentshadowsonthe ground.
163
109 Howfarcanyougoonatankfulof gasoline? Leegetsjustthreedaysofvacationayear. IfinditalittlebitdifficultIsupposeifpeople getveryaggressive. 105 163 104 104
gettodosomething getsomeonetodosomething gettoschool/work,etc glorious* growup hardly*** headlong*** helipad highway
todosomething,ortohaveitdoneforyou Inyourhousehold,who getsthingsorganised? tohavetheopportunityorbeabletodosomething Inyourjob,doyouever gettotravelabroad? tomakesomeonedosomething,ortopersuade themtodoit toarriveatschool/work,etc agloriousopportunityisanexcellentone Doesyourbossever getyoutoworkovertime?
104 Themajorityofcommutersusethetrainto gettowork. 149
/ h(r)dli/ / hed l/ / heli pd/
nounAmerican / hawe/ noun / hthak(r)/
hitchhiker
1569 1570 1571 1572 1573
Thecomputerhasopened gloriousopportunitiesforafurther reductionofour drudgery. tochangefrombeingababyoryoungchildtobeing WhenIwasgrowingup,Ilovedtocollectcreepycrawlies. anolderchildoradult usedforsayingthatsomethingisalmostnottrueor Thereishardlyanyroomontheroadshereformoretraffic. almostdoesnothappenatall veryquicklyandwithoutlookingwhereyouaregoing Modernliferemainsa headlongrushintolongcommutes,two incomefamilies,andlatenightsatwork. aflatareaforhelicopterstolandonandtakeoff InSoPaulo,thewealthyshuttlebetweenthecitysmorethan from,oftenontopofabuilding threehundred helipads. awideroadbuiltforfasttravelbetweentownsand Hewaschargedwithobstructingthepublic highway. cities someonewhotravelsbyaskingotherpeopletotake DesperateIndonesiansworkascarjockeys, hitchhikerswhoare paidtohelpdriversmeetthepassengerquota. themintheircar,bystandingatthesideofaroad andholdingouttheirthumborasign acontainerinwhichbeesliveandmakehoney tostopsomeonefrombeingassuccessfulasthey should toimproveaskillortalentthatisalreadywell developed asweet,stickyyelloworbrownfoodmadebybees Remember:donttakeofftheveilwhenyourenearthe hive.
105 109 149 105 107
107 109
hive holdback hone honey*
noun phrasalverb verb noun
/hav/ / hld /hn/ / hni/ bk/
Ithinkitwasconstrictingme,holdingmebackfromwhatIcould reallyachieve. Ithinkthatajoblikethiswould honemyskillsabit,youknow,be agoodplacetostart. Sheneverputsongloveswhenshecollects honey.
164 163 109
A 1574 1575 hop 1576 hour* 1577
honeycomb
noun verb noun phrase verb verb adverb verb verb noun noun verb
/ hni km/ /hp/ / a(r)/ / l a(r)z/
longhours idle
astructurewithalotofholes,thathoneybeesmake Thedancesareperformedbyaworkerbeethathasreturnedto tostorehoneyin thehoneycombwithpollenornectar. tomoveforwardbyjumpingononefoot Kangaroosdontwalk,they hop. Howmanyhoursaweekdoyouwork? alongworkingday,startingearlyandfinishinglate Ifyouthoughtyouworked longhours,consider39yearoldLee fromSouthKorea. ifanengineidles,itrunsslowlyanddoesnot TheoldimagesofRussianswaitinginlinehavebeenreplacedby produceanymovement imagesofidlingcarsstuckinheavycongestion. toshowthatsomethingwillhappen,istrue,orexists Theorientationofthedancingbee indicatestotheotherbees wherethefoodsourceis,relativetotheSun. very,orverymuch Carsareinfinitelyfasterthantheyusedtobe. Traffichasbecomeauniversalcondition, inflectedwithregional tochangethesoundofyourvoicewhenyouare accents. speaking,forexampletoemphasiseaparticular word tomakeupastory,excuseetcthatisnottrue Canyouthinkofor inventnewwordsorexpressionsinyour languagebycombiningwordswithing? anindividualthing,usuallyoneofseveralthingsina Thedancerspellsouttwoitemsofinformation. grouporonalist theknowledgethatyourjobispermanentaslongas Youngadultsarefrustratedwiththelackof jobsecurity youwantittobe nowadays. totrytodoseveralimportantthingsatthesame Whenyoureamum,youhavetoalso jugglealotofthings. time,especiallywhenthisisdifficult Witnesseswrotedownthe licenseplatenumberofthehitand anofficialsignonthefrontandbackofamotor rundriver. vehicle,withnumbersandlettersonitthatshow whoitbelongsto ifabird,insect,orotherflyingcreaturelightson Thebeesbeganto lightonmyshouldersthewaybirdssiton something,itfliesontoitandstopsthere telephonewires. notfirm,stiff,orstrong Ifeltmyselfgolimp. involvingideasoreventsthataredirectlyconnected IntheWest,timeistypicallyconceivedofas linear,moving andfollowoneaftertheother forwardrelentlessly. theplaceorpositionwheresomeoneorsomethingis Shemayrepeattherounddanceseveraltimesatthesame orwheresomethinghappens location. anareathatthepowerofamagnetaffects Maturesalmonfindtheirwaybacktotheirbirthstreamusing theirabilitytodetecttheEarths magneticfield. toinventastory,oranexplanationforsomething, Inessence,thedances makeupalanguagethattellsother workerswherethefoodsourceis. especiallyinordertoavoidbeingpunishedor embarrassed traditionallyacceptedwaysofbehavingthatshowa Childrenlearn mannersbyobservingtheirparents. politerespectforotherpeople theright/wrongwaytobehave It'sbadmannerstointerruptsomeone.
163 109 102 105
1578 1579 1580 infinitely
/ ad()l/ / ndket/ / nfntli/
107 109 107
indicate***
inflect
1581 1582 1583 1584 1585
/n flekt/ /n vent/ / atm/ / db skjrti/ / d()l/
107 111 109
invent** item*** jobsecurity juggle licenseplate
163
1586 1587 1588 limp 1589 1590 1591
nounAmerican / las()ns verb adjective adjective noun noun phrasalverb pluralnoun phrase /lat/ /lmp/ / lni(r)/ /lke()n/ /mnetk
plet/
light***
109 109 163 109 131
linear* location*** magneticfield makeup
fi ld/
1592 1593 1594
/ mek
p/
109
manners*** good/badmanners
/ mn(r)/ / d, bd mn(r)z/
maternityleave
1595
noun
timebeforeandafterthebirthofababywhena womanisallowedtobeawayfromherjob /m t(r)nti li v/
Mostwomentakematernityleave. 105
mentor1
1596 1597
noun verb verb noun noun noun noun adjective adjective noun verb verb adjective phrase
anexperiencedpersonwhohelpssomeonewhohas WhenIfirststart,willIbegivena mentortooverseemy lessexperience,especiallyintheirjob development? / ment(r)/ / ment(r)/ tohelpsomeonewhohaslessexperiencethanyou, especiallyintheirjob ifabirdoranimalmigrates,ittravelstoanotherpart oftheworldforwarmerweatherataparticulartime oftheyear theprocessoractionofmoving I'vebeen mentoringteenagersatacommunitycentreandhave foundittobeveryrewarding. Birdsmigratetoothercountriesinordertofindaplentifuland reliablefoodsupply. 131 Thisvibrationofthebodyproducesatailwagging motion. 163 theactivityofdoingmorethanonethingatthesame Imquitegoodat multitasking,andImgoodatdealingwith people. time,suchastalkingonthephonewhileyouare workingonacomputer navigationsystem:asystemforfindingthebestway Professionalroadguides,willjumpintoonescarandprovide directionsahuman navsystem. toaplace asweetliquidthatsomeflowersmakeandthat Thedancesareperformedbyaworkerbeethathasreturnedto insectsandbirdsdrink thehoneycombwith nectar. new,orunusual Thebicyclewasaanovelandcontroversialmachine. nutritiousfoodsprovidethesubstancesthatpeople Thebeeperformsadancewhenshereturnswithnectarorpollen needinordertobehealthy thatissufficientlynutritious. thepositionofanobject,orthedirectioninwhichit Theorientationofthedancingbeeissignificantbecauseit ispointing representstheangleoftheSun. towatchsomethinginordertocheckthatitworksor WhenIfirststart,willIbegivenamentorto overseemy happensinthewaythatitshould development? tomakesomeoneworkharderthanisreasonable Staffcomplainedthattheywerebeing overworked. Theinterestsofthechildare paramount. Itisofparamountimportancethatthisshouldbedone. 113 110
mentor
migrate*
1598 1599
/maret/ / m()n/
motion*** multitasking
1600 1601
/ mlti tsk/ / nv sstm/
163 107 163 106 163 109 110
navsystem nectar
1602 1603 novel** 1604 1605 1606
/ nekt(r)/ / nv()l/ /nju trs/
nutritious orientation oversee overwork
/ rin te()n/ / v(r) si / / v(r) w(r)k/ / prmant/ /v prmant m p(r)t()ns/
1607 1608 paramount 1609
ofparamountimportance parkandridescheme
moreimportantthanallotherthings
1610 1611 1612
parkinglot paternityleave pollen
1613
atransportsysteminwhichdriversleavetheircarsin Mostpeopleintowntakeadvantageofthe parkandridescheme aplaceoutsideatownandtravelbytrainorbusinto togettoworkinthecentre. noun / p(r)k n rad ski m/ thetown anareaorabuildingwherepeoplecanleavetheir Theparkinglotatthesupermarketwasfullwhenwewent,sowe nounAmerican carsforashorttime hadtoparkonthestreet. / p(r)k lt/ aperiodoftimewhenafatherisallowedtobeaway Fewmentakepaternityleavetolookaftertheirchildren. noun fromworkafterthebirthofhischild /p t(r)nti li v/ Thedancesareperformedbyaworkerbeethathasreturnedto apowderproducedbyflowerswhichiscarriedby thewindorinsectstootherflowerssothattheycan thehoneycombwith pollen. noun producenewseeds. / pln/
105
163
A 1614 1615 1616 1617 1618 1619
problematic prosperity* punctuality puton putupwith quantifiable ratrace
adjective noun noun phrasalverb phrasalverb adjective noun
/ prbl mtk/ /prsperti/ / pktu lti/ / p t / p t n/ p w/
involvingorcausingproblems
/ kwntfab()l/
thesituationofbeingsuccessfulandhavingalotof money theactofarrivingorhappeningatthetimeagreed on tocoverapartofyourbodywithapieceofclothing IputonmyhelmetasAugustliftedthelid. orjewellerysothatyouarewearingit toacceptsomeoneorsomethingunpleasantina Icantputupwithinsectsinthehouse,especiallyflies. patientway capableofbeingmeasuredordescribedasaquantity Inamonochronicview,timeis quantifiable.
Themoreroadswebuild,themore problematiccongestionwill become. Theviewoftimeaslinearisthedominantparadigmintimesof economicprosperityandnationalconfidence. Thisstudent'sattendanceand punctualityhavenotbeengood.
107 163
109 109 163
1620
/ rt recreation* noun adjective noun adjective phrase adverb adverb verb verb
res/
anactivity,job,orsituationinwhichthereisalotof Whatisitaboutourcollectivepersonalitythatdrivesusintothis endlessratrace? competitionandpeoplearetoobusytorelaxor enjoythemselves thingsthatyoudotoenjoyyourself Modernliferemainsaheadlongrushintolongcommutes,late nightsatwork,andexhausting recreation. areflectivevestorjacketreflectslightsothatthe wearercanbeseenmoreeasily thebeliefthatafteryoudieyoucanbebornagainas adifferentperson,animal,orthing Thereisnolegislationontheuseof reflectivevestsorlights,and soveryfewcyclistsinthecityusethem. TheexperienceoftimeascyclicalisreflectedintheBuddhistand Hinduconceptof reincarnation. Therewasrelativecalmaftertheviolenceofthepreviousnight. Thisindicatestotheotherbeeswherethefoodsourceis, relative totheSun. Carsarerelativelyfasterthantheyusedtobe.
105
1621 1622 1623 1624 1625 1626 1627 1628 1629
/ rekri e ()n/ /rflektv/ / ri nk(r) ne()n/ / reltv/ / reltv / reltvli/ /rlentlsli/ /rmu v/ / reprzent/ comparedwith,orinrelationto tu / incomparisonwithsomeoneorsomethingsimilar determinedly,withoutstopping
105 112 163 163 109 107 IntheWest,timeistypicallyconceivedofaslinear,moving forwardrelentlessly. totakeoffclothing Sallylookeddownathersleeveand removedasmallspeckof dirt. ifsomethingrepresentsanotherthing,itisthatthing Theorientationofthedancingbeeissignificantbecauseit representstheangleoftheSun. thetimewhenyoustopworking,especiallybecause Shesaidherretirementfrompoliticswaspremature. youhavereachedtheagewhenyouareofficiallytoo oldtowork,ortheactofdoingthis tochangetheorderordevelopmentofevents,a process,orasituationtobetheoppositeofwhatit was tocompletelychangethewaythatsomethingis done,thoughtabout,ormade Thebeefirstrunsaroundinnarrowcirclesandthensuddenly reversesdirectiontoheroriginalcourse. 163 Atthebeginningofthelastcentury,thetractorandtheassembly linerevolutionisedtheAmericaneconomy. 105 163
reflective reincarnation relative*** relativeto relatively*** relentlessly remove*** represent***
109
retirement*
1630
noun /rta(r)mnt/
reverse**
1631 1632
verb verb
/rv(r)s/ / rev lu naz/
revolutionise
A 1633 1634 1635 1636
runaround rush** rutted scarcely** selfemployed
phrasalverb verb adjective adverb adjective noun noun verb
/ rn rand/ /r/ / rtd/ / ske(r)sli/
1637 1638
/ self m pld/ / self m plmnt/
selfemployment semicircle
Thebeefirstrunsaroundinnarrowcirclesandthensuddenly reversesdirectiontoheroriginalcourse. tohurryinordertogetsomewhereveryquickly Thebeespouredout, rushing upallofasuddeninspiralsofchaos andnoise. aruttedsurfacehasdeepnarrowmarksinitmade VisitorstotheruinsofPompeii,forexample,willsee rutted byvehicles streetsmarkedbythetracksofchariotwheels. almostnot,oralmostnone Theysatalongmyarms,speckledthebeeveilsoIcould scarcely seethroughit. workingforyourselfinsteadofforanemployerand Some30percentormoreofall selfemployedworkerswork morethan49hoursaweek. paiddirectlybythepeoplewhoyouprovidea productorserviceto thestateofworkingforyourselfinsteadofforan Aboutthreefifthsoftheinformaleconomyis selfemployment. employer agroupofpeopleorthingsarrangedinacurvedline Abeeperformingawaggledancerunsstraightaheadforashort asiftheywerearoundtheedgeofhalfacircle distanceandthenreturnsina semicircletothestartingpoint. tofollowsomeoneintheirjobtotryandlearnfrom Itwouldbeveryhelpfulifyoucouldcomeinandworkwithher, them shadowher,foraweek. apathwithahardsurfacebesidearoad Touristsstoodonthe sidewalklookingattheshopwindow displays. veryimportant Theorientationofthedancingbeeis significantbecauseit representstheangleoftheSun. tomovealongthegroundlikeasnake Snakesmanageto slitherquitequicklybyusingtheirmusclesand theirscalestopushofftheground. tomakeanumberofsmallspotsormarksona Theysatalongmyarms, speckledthebeeveilsoIcouldscarcely surface seethroughit. anunusual,exciting,orimpressiveeventorsight Mymindbecameunnaturallycalm,asifmybodywassittingona treewatchingthe spectaclefromasafedistance. tosayorexplainsomethingveryclearlybecause someonehasnotunderstoodsomething Thedancerspellsouttwoitemsofinformation.
tobeverybusydoingalotofdifferentthings
163 108 106 109
105 105
1639 1640 1641 1642 1643 1644
/ semi s(r)k( )l/ / d/
163 164
shadow* sidewalk significant*** slither speckle spectacle**
nounAmerican / sad wk/ adjective verb verb noun / spektk()l/ /snfknt/ / sl(r)/ / spek()l/
109 128 109
1645
109
spellout
1646 1647 spin**
phrasalverb verb noun verb verb noun / spel /spn/
at/ toturnroundandroundquickly ashapethatlookslikeasetofcirclesinsideeach other,madebyonelinecurvinginsideitself tomakesomeonesuddenlyfeelfrightenedor nervous ifyousquandersomethingsuchasmoney,time,or anopportunity,youdonotuseitinasensibleway alevelofqualityorachievementusedforjudging someoneorsomething Thedancerswere spinningincircles. Thebeespouredout,rushingupallofasuddenin spirals ofchaos andnoise.
109
spiral*
1648 1649
/ sparl/ /spu k/ Bicyclesweretoofast,theyspookedhorsesandtheycaused accidents. Ifyousquanderorfritterawaytime,youwasteit.
108 106
spook squander
1650 1651
/ skwnd(r)/ Whatdoyouthinktheinternational standardonworkingtimeis? / stnd(r)d/
102 104
standard***
A 1652 1653
straightforward** stranded subsidise
adjective adjective verb adverb phrasalverb noun phrasalverb noun noun phrase phrase
/ stret f(r)w(r)d/ / strndd/
notcomplicatedordifficulttounderstand
Therepresentationofdistanceinthewaggledanceisrelatively straightforward. leftsomewherewithnowayofgoinganywhereelse Hundredsofpassengerswereleft strandedattheairport. Theycouldsubsidisethepurchaseofsuchequipment.
163
topaysomeofthecostofgoodsorservicessothat theycanbesoldtootherpeopleatalowerprice / sbsdaz/ /s f()ntli/ / swel /tkt/ / tek f/ p/ asmuchasisneeded tobecomelargerthannormal,usuallybecauseof liquidcollectinginside acarefulwayofspeakingorbehavingthatavoids upsettingotherpeople toremovesomething,especiallyapieceofclothing
1654 1655 1656 1657 1658 1659 1660 1661 1662
112 Thebeeperformsadancewhenshereturnswithnectarorpollen thatissufficientlynutritious. Abeestungmeandmyface swelleduplikeaballoon. Well,thatallsoundsverygood,multitaskinganddiplomacyand tact. Remember:dont takeofftheveilwhenyourenearthehive. 163 109 163 109 oneofthepartsofyourbodythatconnectsamuscle Kangarooshavestrongelastic tendonsinthelegswhichmean toabone theymovelikeaspring. Canyouthinkoftimeswhen timehasgoneparticularlyslowly,or quickly,foryou? tomaketimeseemtopassmorequicklybydoing Ifyoukilltime,youfilltimewithsomethingyouarenotreally somethinginsteadofjustwaiting interestedin. tomakesomeofyourtimeavailableforaparticular Ifyoumaketimetodosomething,youmakesureyoudoit,asit purpose isimportant. topreventyourselffrombecomingboredbydoing Ifyoupassthetime,youfilltimewithsomethingyouarenot something,oftensomethingthatyouarenotreally reallyinterestedin. interestedin Ifyouspendtimedoingsomething,youuseittodoanactivity. touseyourtimeinordertodoanactivity toneedalotoftime Ifsomethingtakesupalotoftime,itistimeconsuming. 102 Ifyoutakeyourtimeoversomething,youdoitslowly. 102 Ifsomethingtakesupalotoftime,itis timeconsuming. 102 Teachersmetduringthebreakto timetableforthenext semester. Rudebehaviourwillnolongerbe tolerated. Thetriptookalittlelonger,butweavoidedpayingany tolls. Thewholeorderwas toppledagainbytheautomobile. 106 128 102 102 102
sufficiently swellup tact takeoff tendon time*** killtime make/spare(the)time passthetime
/ tendn/ /tam/ / kl / tek, tam/ spe(r) tam/
1663 1664 1665 1666 1667 1668 1669 1670 1671
phrase spendtimedoingsomething takeupalotoftime takeyourtime(oversomething) timeconsuming timetable tolerate* toll* topple phrase phrase phrase adjective verb verb noun verb
/ ps tam/ /spend tam du sm/
102 102
/ tek p lt v tam/ / tek j(r) tam v(r) todosomethingslowlyandcarefully sm/ somethingthatistimeconsumingtakesalongtime todo / tam kn sju m/ toplanwhensomethingwillhappen / tam teb()l/ toacceptsomethingunpleasantwithoutbecoming impatientorangry / tlret/ anamountofmoneythatyoupaytouseabridgeor aroad /tl/ tostopbeingsteadyandfall,ortomakesomeoneor somethingdothis / tp()l/
A 1672
trailer* transitioncountry
noun noun noun adjective noun noun noun adverb adjective verb verb
/ trel(r)/
1American acaravanpulledbyacar acountrywhichischangingfromacentralised economytoafreemarket
Thedriverwasforcedtopulloverafterthe trailerdoorswung open. Aconsiderablenumberofshorthoursworkersindevelopingand transitioncountriesmaybeunderemployed. 105 Theroadwasclosedformanyhoursaftera truckoverturnedand spilledfruitallovertheroad. Usuallytheprofessionsthatmostbenefitsocietyaretheones thatare underpaid. Alotofunemploymentisduetotheglobaleconomicsituation. 105 The18thcenturywasaperiodofrapid urbanisation.
1673 1674 1675 1676
/trn z()n /trk/
kntri/ alargeroadvehicleusedforcarryinggoods notearningenoughmoneyforworkthatyoudo asituationinwhichsomepeopledonothavework anddonothaveanincome theprocessbywhichtownsandcitiesgrowbigger andmoreandmorepeoplegotoliveinthem apieceofclothwornoversomeoneshead
truck** underpaid unemployment*** urbanisation
/ nd(r) ped/ / nm plmnt/
1677 1678 1679 1680 1681
/ (r)bnaze()n/ /vel/ / v(r)tli/ / vat()l/ /w/ Theysatalongmyarms,speckledthebee veilsoIcouldscarcely seethroughit. usedforemphasisingthatastatementisalmost Thereisvirtuallynostatechildcareprovisionforworking completelytrue mothers. veryimportant,necessary,oressential ItisvitalthatmoreshouldbedoneinordertomakeBeijinga saferandmorepleasantcityforcyclists. ifadogwagsitstail,itmovesitstailfromonesideto Thebeesbodywagsvigorouslyfromsidetosideduringthe theotherseveraltimes straightlinecourseofthedance. tomoveupanddownorfromsidetosidewithshort Rogerwaggledhiseyebrowssuggestively. quickmovements,ortomakesomethingmovethat way tomakeanactionseemreasonableornecessary Thebeeperformsadancewhenshereturnswithnectarorpollen thatissufficientlynutritiousto warrantareturntothesource. averypowerfuldangerouswindthatspinsextremely Thebeeshadflownoutofmybedroomwalls,strandingmeatthe fast,carryingawayanythinginitspath centreofabee whirlwind. / w(r)l wnd/ / wn(d) i ld/ / w(r)k f(r)s/ thelargeglasswindowatthefrontofavehicle Alargetreefellontheparkedcarandsmashedthe windshield. 109 109 105 112 163
veil* virtually*** vital*** wag waggle
1682
/ w()l/
warrant
1683
verb
/ wrnt/
163
whirlwind
1684 1685 1686
noun nounAmerican noun
windshield workforce*
thetotalnumberofpeoplewhoworkinaparticular TheGovernmentisencouragingwomenbackintothe workforce. company,industry,orarea togetinformation,especiallyfromacomputer AUSBmemorystickisagadgetthatyoucanusetostoreand accesselectronicfilesonthemove. Doesanyonehaveanythingelseto add?
1687 Unit10 1688 1689
access add***
verb verb
/ kses/ /d/ tosaysomethingmorethatisrelatedtowhathas beensaidalready
121 122
additive
1690
noun / dtv/
asubstancethatisaddedinsmallamountsto something,especiallyfood,inordertomakeitlast longer,lookmoreattractive,orimproveitinsome way
Shouldfood additivesbecompletelybanned?
117
adopted
1691 1692
adjective noun noun
someonesadoptedcountryisthecountrytheyhave Theseplayersandmanagersbecomeheroesintheir adopted chosentoliveinandnottheonetheywerebornin countries. / dptd/ / dvket/ someonewhostronglyandpubliclysupports Thechildadvocatecampaignedtirelesslyforbetterchild someoneorsomething protection. anarrangementordecisionaboutwhattodo,made Ouragreementwasthatyouwouldpaybythefirstofthemonth. bytwoormorepeople,groups,ororganisations usedinameetingtoaskwhethereveryoneagrees Soareweinagreementonthisthen? withwhathasbeendiscussed amedicalconditioninwhichyoubecomesickoryour Ieatmostfruits,butnotstrawberriesbecauseIvegotan allergy skinbecomescoveredwithredmarksasareaction tothem. tosomethingyoueat,breathe,ortouch abookpublishedeveryyearthattellsyouaboutthe Accordingtothe almanac,itshouldbeafullmoontonight. movementsoftheplanets,thetimesofthetides, andthedatesofimportantevents / lm nk/ medicaltreatmentusingmethodsthataredifferent Aftertraditionaltreatmentsyieldednoresults,sheturnedto alternativemedicineforhelp. fromtheusualWesternscientificmethods,for examplehomeopathyandacupuncture theheightofaplaceorthingabovesealevel amachineorpieceofequipmentthatyouhavein yourhome,forexampleawashingmachineor refrigerator aclearslightlybrownjellythatyouputfishormeat intoandallowtobecomecoldbeforeeating thestudyofthemovementofthestarsandplanets andhowsomepeoplethinktheyinfluencepeoples charactersandlives adevicethatscansthesetofprintedlinesona productslabelthattellsacomputerinformation aboutitsuchasitsprice 1apieceofequipmentthatshowsyouwhatkindof weathertoexpect TheRockyMountainsarelowerin altitudethantheHimalayas. Arobotvacuumcleanerisan appliancethatcanbeprogrammed toremovedirtanddustalloveryourhome. 121 Oxfordisanuntypicalcity,itscentrepreservedin aspicfor tourists. 115 Thefifthpartshallbeanintroduction,inwhichyoucanlearn mostofthegeneraltheoryof astrology. 121 Abarcodereaderisatoolthatcanscanvisualrepresentationsof datasuchasprices. 121 Itisthisplacethatisabarometerofthehealthofthenation. 115 119
advocate* agreement***
1693 1694
areweinagreementonthis?
phrase noun
/ (r) wi n s/
/ ri mnt/
n ri mnt
165
allergy
1695
/ l(r)di/
164
almanac
1696
noun
alternativemedicine
1697 1698
noun
/l t(r)ntv med()s()n/ / lttju d/
altitude* appliance*
noun noun
1699
/ plans/
aspic
1700
noun
/ spk/
astrology
1701
noun
/ strldi/
barcodereader
1702 1703
noun noun
/ b(r) kd /b rmt(r)/
ri d(r)/
barometer
A 1704
base***
noun
/bes/
bingohall
1705 1706
noun / b hl/
aplacefromwhichanactivitycanbeplanned, Thestatuestandsonalargeround base. started,orcarriedout Thenewshoppingcentreboastsa500seated bingohall. apublicplacewherepeoplegotoplaybingo(=a gameinwhichplayerstrytomatchnumbersontheir cardswithnumbersthatarecalledout) tohavesomethinggood,oftenanattractivefeature thatotherpeopleadmire tohelpsomethingtoincrease,improve,orbecome moresuccessful todivideintotwoormoreparts abumpyroadhasalotofroughorraisedpartsonit Thevillageboastsfourmagnificentchurches. 124 119
boast* boost**
verb verb verb adjective verb
/bst/ /bu st/ /brnt/ / bmpi/
1707 1708 branch* 1709
bumpy calculate**
WinningtheWorldCupisnotonlygoodforacountrysself esteem,butitalsoboostsitseconomy. Thewindrustledthebare branchesofthetrees. Drivingonthebumpy,dirtroadfeltmuchlikegoingonaroller coaster. todiscoveranumberoramountusingmathematics We'llneedtocalculatetheoverallcosts. orwithapieceofequipmentsuchasacalculator apieceofelectricalequipmentthatmakesaloud noiseifsomeoneattemptstostealyourcar Acaralarmisadevicewhichisusedinordertodiscourage thieves.
1710
/ klkjlet/
caralarm
1711 1712 1713
noun noun phrasalverb
/ k(r) l(r)m/ / k(r)dn()l / ket(r) pnt/ oneofthefourmainpointsonacompass(=apiece Ourtourguideshowedushowtoidentifythe cardinalpointson ofequipmentthatshowsdirection) thecompass. toprovidepeoplewitheverythingtheywantorneed Sportingactivitiesarewellcateredfor.
121
cardinalpoint caterfor
f(r)/
125 closedcircuittelevision:asystemthatallows someonetowatchonatelevisionscreenwhatis happeningindifferentpartsofabuilding,town,etc CCTVisaninstrumentthatisusedtomonitoractivityinpublic places. 121 Thefourthpartcontainsatheorytoexplainthemovementsof thecelestialbodiesandtheircauses. theplacewhereyoupayinasupermarketorother Uncountedcostsofthislongjourneyarenotpaidforatthe largeshop checkout. ifaroadorpathclimbs,itleadsupwardsgraduallyto HeclimbedontotherooftochecktheTVaerial. ahigherplace acoastalroadtravelsalongthelandbesideasea Peopleincoastalareaswereforcedtoevacuatebeforethe impendinghurricane. theprocessofgivinginformationorofmaking Therewasabreakdownin communication. emotionsorideasknowntosomeone alargenumberofpeopleorthingsinoneareaora Ittookallhisconcentrationtostayawake. largeamountofaparticularthing acongestedroadhassomanyvehiclesthatitis ManyofEurope'smajorairportsareheavily congested. difficulttodrivealongit tomakeamachine,system,vehicleetcmoveor Mostofthenewsmediawere controlledbythecentral operateinthewaythatyouwantitto government. inorrelatingtothesky,heaven,orspace 121 117
CCTV
1714 1715 1716 1717 1718 1719 1720 1721 1722
noun / si si ti vi /
celestial checkout climb*** coastal** communication*** concentration*** congested** control***
adjective noun verb adjective noun noun adjective verb
/s lestil/ / tekat/ /klam/ / kst()l/ /k mju nke()n/ / kns()n tre()n/ /kn destd/ /kn trl/
conveniencefood
1723 1724 1725 1726 1727 1728 1729
noun /kn vi nins fu d/ noun verb noun noun phrase noun verb /di verb noun verb noun noun verb verb phrasalverb noun noun phrase noun
coordinate cross*** crosspollination date*** setadate daybreak decode
/k(r)dnt/ /krs/ / krs /det/ / set det/ pl ne()n/
foodthatisquickandeasytopreparesuchasfood thathasalreadybeencookedandonlyneedstobe heated oneofasetofnumbersthatgivetheexactposition ofsomethingonamaporgraph togofromonesideofsomethingsuchasaroador rivertotheother fertilisationoftheflowersofoneplantusingthe pollenofanother
Ifyouwantahealthydiet,youshouldn'thave conveniencefood.
Idon'tknowtheexact coordinatestothehouse,butIcouldgive youtheaddress. Waituntilthereisnotrafficandit'ssafeto cross. Footballshowsinaverytangiblewaythebenefitsof cross pollinationbetweenpeoplesandcountries. Thedateonthereportis24October,2005. Canwesetadateforthenextmeeting? 122 Theyarrivedhomejustafter daybreakfromtheirnightout.
164
/ debrek/
tochoosetheparticularday,month,oryearwhen somethinghappens thetimewhenlightfirstappearsinthemorning
tochangedigitalelectronicsignalsintoapictureand Anmp3playerisagadgetthatisusedto decodeandplayback soundonyourtelevision,mp3playeretc audiofiles. kd/ toprotestaboutsomethingwithotherpeopleina Varioustechniqueswillbedemonstrated. publicplace anoccasionwhenalargegroupofpeopleprotest Thisisapowerfuldemonstrationofwhatcanbeachievedwith aboutsomething newtechnology. tocalculatesomething,ortodiscoveritbyexamining AGPSnavigationisadevicethatisusedto determineyour evidence position,whereveryouareintheworld. amachineorpieceofequipmentthatdoesa AGPSnavigationisadevicethatisusedtodetermineyour particularthing position,whereveryouareintheworld. aroadortrackwitharoughorloosesurface Drivingonthebumpy, dirtroadfeltmuchlikegoingonaroller coaster. Acaralarmisadevicewhichisusedinorderto discourage totrytopreventsomeonefromdoingsomething, especiallybecauseyoudonotapproveofitorthink thieves. itiswrong toshowinformationonacomputerscreen Ineverbuychocolateorcoffee,bananas,anythingthatdoesnt displayaFairTradelogo. togetridofsomethingthatyounolongerneedor Pleasedisposeofyourlitterthoughtfully. want thefactthatverydifferentpeopleorthingsexist Muchofthechangeand diversityinthecityhasbeen withinagrouporplace concentratedintoasmallarea. We'reinarush,sodoyoumindwaitingoutsideonthe doorstep? veryclosetowhereyoulive Allofthemareright onhisdoorstep,inhislocalneighbourhood. 115 Now,onecouldtalkaboutthisasa drainonthetalentand resources. 164 121
1730 1731 1732 1733 1734 1735
demonstrate*** demonstration** determine** device*** dirtroad discourage*
/ demn stret/ / demn stre()n/ /dt(r)mn/ /dvas/ / d(r)t rd/
121 121 121
1736 1737 1738 1739 1740 1741 1742
/ds krd/ /dsple/ /dspz v/
121 164
display*** disposeof diversity** doorstep onyourdoorstep drain*
/dav(r)sti/ / d(r) step/ / n j(r) /dren/ d(r) step/
115
A 1743 1744 dramatically 1745 1746 1747 1748
drainon
phrase adverb noun adjective verb verb verb noun phrase noun verb
/ dren n/ /dr mtkli/ / (r) (r) mmt(r)/ / i k nmk/, / ek nmk/ /n kd/ /n krd/ /n d(r)s/ / envi/ /bi ri n w envi/
earthermometer economic*** encode* encourage*** endorse**
1749 1750 envy 1751 1752
somethingthatusesalotofsomethingsuchas moneyorsupplies suddenlyandsurprisinglyoreasilynoticed apieceofequipmentthatyouputinyourearto measureyourbodytemperature relatingtotheeconomyofaparticularcountryor region tochangeinformationorinstructionsintoaform thatacomputercanuse tosuggestthatsomeonedoessomethingthatyou believewouldbegood toexpresssupportforsomeoneorsomething, especiallyinpublic
Now,onecouldtalkaboutthisasa drainonthetalentand resources. Pricesweredramaticallyreducedfortheholidaysales. Anearthermometerisatoolthatcanmeasurethebodys temperatureandshowitonasmallscreen. IamsurepeopleinShanghaialsogotmorematerialisedbecause oftheeconomicdevelopment. Heencodedthehighlysensitivedocumentsforaddedsecurity. Weencouragestudentparticipationinourclasses. Actually,IwouldliketoendorsewhatNigelhasjustsaidabout healthandsafetyaswell. Hewassurethatotherdriverslookedathimwith envy. KofiAnnan,saidtheWorldCupmadetheUN greenwithenvy'.
164
121 165
165
begreenwithenvy estateagent evaluate**
/stet
ed()nt/
tofeelveryunhappybecauseyouwishyouhad somethingthatsomeoneelsehas someonewhosejobistohelppeoplebuyandsellor Theestateagentsaidthatnowwasagoodtimetobuyahouse. rentproperty tothinkcarefullyaboutsomethingbeforemakinga Theperformanceofeachemployeeis evaluatedonceayear. judgmentaboutitsvalue,importance,orquality theprincipleofchargingapriceforgoodsthatdoes Ineverbuychocolateorcoffee,bananas,anythingthatdoesnt notputproducersindevelopingcountries(=poorer displayaFairTradelogo. countrieswithlessindustry)atadisadvantage
164
1753
/vljuet/
fairtrade
1754 1755 1756
noun / fe(r) tred/
164 somethingthathasalreadybeendoneandcannotbe Whatproposalscanwegivetothecounciltocounterwhatseems changed likeafaitaccomplithattheyclosethepool? someonewholikesasportoractivityverymuch AskGeorge,he'safilmfanatic. aplacewhichpreparesandsellsfoodthatismade andservedveryquickly,especiallyfoodsuchasa burgerthatyoucantakeawaywithyou FastfoodoutletsareamongthebusinessesthatlineCowley Road. 115 1someonewhosejobistoarrangeand sellflowers Iletthefloristpickoutanarrangementshethoughtwouldbe suitablefortheoccasion. Thenagainthatshealthandsafetyissuescometothe fore. 165 Thenagainthatshealthandsafetyissuescome tothefore. 165 ifaroad,path,orriverforks,itdividesintotwo separateparts Theroadforkedabouttwohundredyardsinfrontofher. 165
faitaccompli fanatic
noun noun
/ fet kmpli / /f ntk/
fastfoodoutlet
1757 1758 1759 1760 1761
noun /fst fu d at let/
florist fore tothefore fork
noun noun phrase verb
/ flrst/ /f(r)/ / tu f(r)/
intoapositionofimportance
/f(r)k/
fundraiser
1762 1763
noun noun adjective adjective
asocialeventorganisedtomakemoneyforaspecific Whatabout,justthinkingaboutsortofincome,perhapswecould purpose,especiallyforacharityorapoliticalparty havelikeafundraiser? / fnd rez(r)/ / dt/ asmalltoolorpieceofmodernequipmentthatdoes somethingusefulorimpressive ageneticallymodifiedplantoranimalhashadits geneticstructurechangedinordertomakeitmore suitableforaparticularpurpose includingoraffectingthewholeworld theideathattheworldisdevelopingasingle economyandcultureasaresultofimproved technologyandcommunicationsandtheinfluenceof verylargemultinationalcompanies / lblaze()n/ allovertheworld globalpositioningsystem:asystemforfinding exactlywhereyouareanywhereintheworldusing satellites(=objectsthatgoaroundtheearthhighin thesky) AUSBmemorystickisagadgetthatyoucanusetostoreand accesselectronicdocumentsandfilesonthemove. Ihavehighhopesfor geneticallymodifiedfood. 165 121
gadget geneticallymodified
1764 1765
/d netkli / lb()l/
mdfad/
116 Inthebook Isolarion:ADifferentOxfordJourney ,JamesAttlee decidestogoonajourneyof globalexploration. Footballisprobablythemostpositivesymbolof globalisationin the21stcentury. 115
global***
globalisation
1766 1767
noun
164 It'snewinvestmentthatwillenablethecompanytocompete globally. AGPSnavigationisadevicethatisusedtodetermineyour position,whereveryouareintheworld. 121
globally
adverb
/ lb()li/
GPS
1768 1769
noun / d i pi es/
grocer halal
noun noun verb phrase phrase phrase phrase phrase noun adjective
/ rs(r)/
1770 1771 have*** 1772 1773
haveagoat(doing)something havehadenoughofsomething havehighhopesforsomeone/someth
/h ll/, / hll/ /hv/, /v/, /hv/ / hv t du sm/
someonewhosejobistosellfoodandothergoods Therearenumerous grocerswithinwalkingdistanceofmyhouse. forthehomeinasmallshop Butchers,halalandotherwise,areamongthebusinessesthatline halalmeatcanbeeatenbyMuslimsbecauseitis fromananimalthathasbeenkilledaccordingtothe CowleyRoad. religiouslawsofIslam Whatisthemostrecentmealyouhave hadtoday? toattempttodosomething Ihadagoatbakingbreadonceanditwasatotaldisaster. Ivehadenoughoffrozenfood.
115 116 116 116
1774 1775 havenoideaif... 1776
havenointentionofdoingsomething herbalist
1777 1778
homeless
tonotwanttoexperienceanymoreofsomething /hv hd nf v sm/ becauseitisannoyingorboring tohopeandexpectthatsomeone/somethingwillbe /hv ha hps f(r) verysuccessful smwn, sm/ /hv n ad f/ tonotknowatallif... /hv n n ten()n v tobedeterminednottodosomething du sm/ someonewhogrows,sells,orpreparesherbsforuse inmedicineorwhotreatsillpeoplewithherbal medicines / h(r)blst/ withoutaplacetolive / hmls/
Ihavehighhopesforgeneticallymodifiedfood. Ihavenoideaifbuttersgoodforyouornot. Ihavenointentionofeatingmeateveragain. HerbalistsareamongthebusinessesthatlineCowleyRoad. 115 Somesupermarketsgivesurplusfoodto homelessandneedy people. 117 116 116 116
host**
1779 1780 1781
verb noun adjective adjective adjective noun noun
toarrangeaspecialeventandprovidethearea, buildings,equipment,orservicesneededforit /hst/ /h/ / hapr ktv/ asuddensilence
Acountrycanonly hosttheWorldCupbypayinghugeamounts ofmoneytoFIFA. 119
hush hyperactive inordinate
1782 1783 1784
/n (r)dnt/ / nsttju ()n()l/ / nstrmnt/
institutional** instrument*** investment***
OK,thankyou,thanksforthisbitof hush,thankseveryonefor comingtoday. veryactiveandfindingitdifficulttoconcentrateor Datashowthatupto5%ofchildrenintheUKare hyperactive relax andthatfoodadditivesplayarole. muchmorethanyouwouldusuallyexpect:usedfor OxfordUniversitystillownsan inordinatenumberofitsbuildings emphasisinghowlargesomethingisorhowmuchof inOxford. somethingthereis relatingtotheinstitutionsonwhichsocietyisbased FIFA'sinstitutionalruleallowssmallcountriestocapturesomeof thebenefitsoftodayshigherqualitygame. atoolorpieceofequipmentusedinscience, CCTVisaninstrumentthatisusedtomonitoractivityinpublic medicine,ortechnology places. theprocessofspendingmoneyinordertoimprove Letmenowmoveontothebenefitsintermsof investmentina somethingormakeitmoresuccessful countrythathashostedtheWorldCup. thedistanceofapointontheEarthfromtheequator Thethirdpartcontainsvarioustablesoflongitudesand latitudes (=theimaginarylinearoundthemiddleoftheEarth), offixedstarsfortheastrolabe. measuredindegreesnorthorsouth
165 117
115 164 121
1785
/n ves(t)mnt/
164
latitude
1786
noun / lttju d/
121 ifsomethingsuchasaroad,river,ordoorleadsina Themovementofplayersandcoachesbetweencountries leads toanimprovementinthequalityofthegame. particulardirectionortoaparticularplace,orifit leadsyouthere,itgoesinthatdirectionortothat place theliberalisationoftradeisaresultofmakinglaws orruleslessstrictsothatpeoplehavemorefreedom inhowtheytrade totrytoinfluencepoliticiansorpeopleinauthority onaparticularsubject inorrelatedtotheareathatyoulivein,ortothe particularareathatyouaretalkingabout thedistanceeastorwestoftheGreenwichmeridian (=animaginarylinefromthetopoftheEarthtothe bottom),measuredindegreesandminutes Agroupofstudentsheldademonstrationoutsidethetownhall, callingforsocialliberalisation. Yourcountryis lobbyingFIFAtobethehostoftheWorldCup. 119 Allofthemarerightonhisdoorstep,inhis localneighbourhood. 115 Thethirdpartcontainsvarioustablesof longitudesandlatitudes offixedstarsfortheastrolabe. 121 someoneorsomethingthatattractsandinterests smwn/ manypeopleverystrongly mostofthepeopleorthingsinagroup Thetownhasnowbecomearealtourist magnet. CowleyWorkshasbeenamagnetforimmigrantworkerssince the1920s. Whatiseatenbythegreat majorityofNorthAmericanscomes fromaglobaleverywhere.
lead***
1787
verb /li d/
118
liberalisation
1788 1789 1790
noun verb adjective
/ lb()rlaze()n/ / lbi/ / lk()l/
lobby local***
longitude
1791 1792 magnet 1793 1794
noun noun phrase noun
/ lndtju d/, / ltju d/ / mnt/ / mnt f(r)
amagnetforsomeone majority***
115 117
/m drti/
measure***
1795
verb / me(r)/
tofindtheexactsize,amount,speedetcof somethingusingaspecialtoolorspecialequipment
Anearthermometerisatoolthatcan measurethebodys temperatureandshowitonasmallscreen. 121
memorystick
1796
noun / mem()ri
stk/
meridian
1797 1798
noun /m rdin/
asmalldiskdrivethatcanstoreinformationforuse AUSBmemorystickisagadgetthatyoucanusetostoreand inelectronicequipmentandthatyoucarryaround accesselectronicdocumentsandfilesonthemove. withyou oneoftheimaginarylinesthatgoesaroundtheEarth Thethirdparthastablestofindthe meridianaltitudeandother notableconclusionsfromcalendars. fromtheNorthPoletotheSouthPole.Theseare usedformeasuringposition,timeetc. tomatchorexpressthequalities,features,or feelingsofsomeoneorsomething thepracticeofgrowingonlyonecropinanarea TheCowleyRoadmirrorsthechangingstateofthenation.
121
121 114 Uncountedcostsofthislongdistancejourney,suchaslargescale monoculture,arenotpaidforatthecheckout. 117 abuildinginwhichMuslimsworship Twomosquesareamongotherhousesofworshipsand businessesthatlineCowleyRoad. Thetrafficwasbarelymoving. Illeatonthemove. Theystayedforonlyafewdaysbefore movingon. Couldwemoveontoitem2ontheagenda? 115 116
mirror monoculture
verb noun noun noun phrase phrasalverb phrase
/ mr(r)/
1799 1800
/ mnklt(r)/ /msk/ /mu v/ / n mu v/ / mu v n/ / mu v n t sm/
mosque*
1801 move *** 1802 onthemove 1803 moveon 1804
travellingfromplacetoplace
moveontosomething
mp3player
1805
noun / em pi ri ple(r)/
tostopdiscussingordoingsomethingandbegin discussingordoingsomethingdifferent apieceofequipmentusedforplayingMP3files(=a Anmp3playerisagadgetthatisusedtodecodeandplayback fileproducedbythemethodofreducingthesizeofa audiofiles. computerfilethatcontainssound,especiallymusic, sothatitcanbesentquicklybyemailoroverthe Internet) theskillofchoosingapathsothataship,plane,or carcangoinaparticulardirection,especiallyby usingmapsorinstruments aneedypersondoesnothaveenoughmoney,food, clothingetc atnotimeinthepastorinthefuture AGPSnavigationisadevicethatisusedtodetermineyour position,whereveryouareintheworld.
122
121
navigation
1806 1807 1808 1809 1810
noun adjective adverb phrase phrase verb phrase
/ nve()n/ / ni di/ / nev(r)/ / nev(r) en/ / nev(r) n ma / nb()l/ / nb()l n laf/
121 117 119 150
needy never *** neveragain neverinmylife nibble
Somesupermarketsgivesurplusfoodtohomelessand needy people. Weshouldneverallowcountriestospendsomuchmoneyona sportingeventagain. 1usedforemphasisingthatsomethingdid Neveragainwilltherebesuchagoodopportunitytobuy notorwillnothappenagain propertyinthisarea. atnointimeyourpastorfutureexperience.Used NeverinmylifehaveIseensuchabeautifulsunset. foremphasis. Idogetsomefruit,youknow,justto nibbleonbetweenlectures. toeatsomethingbytakingalotofsmallbites Shewasnibblingonsomenutsbeforedinner.
1811 1812 nibbleonsomething
sm/
164
A 1813 1814 1815
notable** offal only *** notonly...butalso...
adjective noun adverb
/ ntb()l/ / f()l/ / nli/
unusualorinterestingenoughtobementionedor noticed theorgansofanimalsthatareeatenasfood,for examplethekidneysorliver
Thethirdparthastablestofindthemeridianaltitudeandother notableconclusionsfromcalendars. Ieatmostthings,youknow,likedairyandmeat,butdefinitelyno offal. Asiancountrieshave onlyrecentlyjoinedthetopteamsof football. usedforemphasisingthat,althoughsomethingis Notonlydidtheywinthetournament, buttheyalsobecame true,somethingelseisalsotrueorismoreimportant leaguechampions.
121 164 119
1816 1817
phrase organic* adjective
/ n t
nli,
bt
ls/ organicfoodordrinkisproducedusingonlyasmall Onegroupsaysitsbettertoeat organic,anothersayslocal. numberofartificialchemicals ashopwhereapawnbrokerworks.Apawnbrokeris PawnshopsareamongthebusinessesthatlineCowleyRoad. someonewhosejobistolendmoneytopeoplein exchangeforavaluableobjectthattheycansellif thepersondoesnotreturnthemoney. apickyeaterissomeonewhoonlylikesspecificfoods Imnotparticularly pickyaboutfood. andisnoteasilypleased 1ajourneythatareligiouspersonmakes Oneaimofmypilgrimagewillbetoconnectmetothe toaholyplace neighbourhoodinwhichIlive. somethingthatisportableiseasytocarryormove, Thesecondpartteachespracticalusesofpreviousfacts,asmuch sothatyoucanuseitindifferentplaces aspossibleforsuchasmall portableinstrument. therelationshipbetweentwoormorequantitiesor partsofawhole tomakeitpossibleforsomethingtohappeninthe future notoften anareaofsmallredspotsonyourskin,causedbyan illnessoranallergicreactiontosomethingthatyou havetouched,eatenetc tolookafterachildoryounganimaluntilitisfully grown.Animalswhicharerearedforfoodarekilled andsoldasmeatoncetheyarefullygrownorreach acertainage. relatingtoortypicalofaparticularareaofacountry ortheworld tomakesomeonefeelorlookyoungerorhavemore energy unwillingnesstodosomething totakesomethingorsomeoneawayfromaplace Iseesomeevidencethatyouhavetheabilitytolearnscience, numberand proportions. SportingactivitiesarealsowellprovidedforinMirabello. WerarelyfindouthowdecisionsaremadebyFIFA. IusuallygetarashifIeatthemandsymptomssimilartoacold, likewateryeyesandarunnynose. Mostfarmersinthearea rearsheep.
150 117
/(r) nk/
pawnshop
1818 1819 1820
noun / pn p/
115 164 115
picky pilgrimage portable*
adjective noun adjective noun phrasalverb adverb noun
/ pki/ / plrmd/
1821 1822
/ p(r)tb()l/ /pr p(r)()n/ /pr vad / re(r)li/ f(r)/
121 121 124 119
proportion*** providefor
1823 1824 rarely***
rash
1825
/r/
164
rear*
1826 1827
verb /r(r)/
regional*** rejuvenate
adjective verb noun verb
LeCanardservessuperbFrench regionalcooking. Thefacecreampromisesto rejuvenateyourskin,makingyou looktenyearsyounger. Julia'sreluctancetojointhepartywasamystery. Arobotvacuumcleanerisanappliancethatcanbeprogrammed toremovedirtanddustalloveryourhome.
/ ri d()nl/ /rdu vnet/ /rlktns/ /rmu v/
1828 1829 reluctance 1830
remove***
121
A 1831 1832
riot robot sari
verb noun noun verb noun phrase noun
/ rat/ / rbt/
toprotestviolentlyaboutsomething amachinethatcandoworkbyitself,oftenworkthat humansdo averylongwidepieceofcloth,especiallysilk,that womeninIndiawraparoundtheirbodiestomakea typeoflongdress touseapieceofequipmenttoreadandstore informationindigitalform
Wholedistrictswereriotinginprotestatmassunemployment. Arobotvacuumcleanerisanappliancethatcanbeprogrammed toremovedirtanddustalloveryourhome. SarishopsareamongthebusinessesthatlineCowleyRoad.
121
1833 1834 1835 scenario* 1836
/ sri/
115 121
scan**
worstcasescenario selfesteem*
1837
selfsufficiency
1838 1839
noun verb
sidetrack getsidetrackedbysomething
1840 1841
phrase standardise start*** verb verb phrase phrasalverb noun adjective adjective pluralnoun
1842 1843 getstarted 1844
stockup(on/with) sufferer
1845 1846 1847 1848
surplus* tangible tastebuds
tattooparlour
1849
noun
Abarcodereaderisatoolthatcan scanvisualrepresentationsof datasuchasprices. /skn/ /s nri/ ThemostlikelyscenarioisthatBrookswillresign. asituationthatistheworstonethatyoucanimagine Theworstcasescenarioisthatmythroatswellsupifitsreally badandIhavetroublebreathing. / w(r)st kes s nri/ thefeelingthatyouareasimportantasotherpeople WinningtheWorldCupisnotonlygoodforacountrys self andthatyoudeservetobetreatedwell esteem,butitalsoboostsitseconomy. / self sti m/ theabilitytoprovideeverythingthatyouneedby Hisparentshopethathewillneedthemlessandlessandoneday yourself,withouthelpfromotherpeople beabletoachieve selfsufficiency. / self s f()nsi/ Idontthinkweshouldgettoo sidetrackedbythewhole demonstrationthing. / sad trk/ Idontthinkweshould gettoosidetrackedbythewhole makelessprogressinsomethingthanyoushould demonstrationthing. becauseyouhavewastedtimeonsomethingelse /et sad trkt ba thatisunimportant sm/ tomakeallthethingsofaparticulartypehavethe Thegovernment standardisesexampapersacrossthecountryso samefeaturesorlevelofquality theyarefair. / stnd(r)daz/ Forthatreasonalone,itseemsasgoodaplaceasanyfromwhich tostartajourney. /st(r)t/ / et st(r)td/ tobegindoingsomething Wecouldn'twaitto getstartedonthenextjob. toobtainalargenumberofthingsthatyouwillneed Stockuponeasystuffreally,readymealsandprocessedfood, andstorethem youknow,pizza,lasagneandstuff. / stk p n, w/ someonewhohasaparticularproblemordisease, Thisspringhasbeenparticularlydifficultforallergy sufferers. forexampleanallergysuffererhasaproblemwith oneormoreallergies / sfr(r)/ morethanisneeded Somesupermarketsgive surplusfoodtohomelessandneedy people. / s(r)pls/ importantandnoticeable Footballshowsinaverytangiblewaythebenefitsofcross pollinationbetweenpeoplesandcountries. / tnb()l/ theareasofyourtonguethatrecognisetheflavours Thisglobalisationofthefoodsupplyhasseriousconsequencesfor offoodanddrinks ourtastebuds. / test bdz/ aplacewhereyougotogetatattoo(=apermanent TattooparloursareamongthebusinessesthatlineCowleyRoad. picturethatisdrawnonapartofyourbodyby puttinginkintoyourskinwithaneedle) /t tu p(r)l(r)/
164
119
165
165
115
164
117 164 117
115
A 1850 1851
time*** atnotime tool***
noun phrase noun
/tam/ /t n tam/
1852 1853 1854
/tu l/ toywith twilight undermine** phrasalverb noun verb noun / t w/
/ twalat/
Atthesametime,perhapsmyjourneywilloffercluestoawider reality. usedforemphasisingthatyoudidnotdosomething Atnotimemustthechildrenbeleftunsupervised. orthatitdidnothappen Anearthermometerisa toolthatcanmeasurethebodys apieceofequipment,usuallyonethatyouholdin yourhand,thatisdesignedtodoaparticulartypeof temperatureandshowitonasmallscreen. work toconsideranideainawaythatisnotseriousor I,atonepoint, toyedwiththeideaofnotwearinganyanimal definite products. thetimeintheeveningwhentheskyisbeginningto Ilovewalkingalongthebeachat twilight. getdark tomakesomethingorsomeonebecomegradually Britainwasaccusedof undermininginternationaleffortsto lesseffective,confident,orsuccessful reducepollution. knowledgeaboutaparticularsubject,process,or Thecoursewillhelpyoudevelopadeeper understandingof situation yourself. AUSBmemorystickisagadgetthatyoucanusetostoreand universalserialbus:awayofconnectingaprinter, accesselectronicfilesonthemove. keyboard,orotherpieceofequipmenttoa computerusingaspecialcableandwithouthavingto turnthecomputeroffandonagain
115 150
121 164
1855 1856
/ nd(r) man/ / nd(r) stnd/
understanding***
USB
1857
noun / ju es bi /
121 Vegansdontwearwoolfromsheep. someonewhochoosesnottoeatanythingmade fromanimalsorfish,includingeggs,milk,andcheese
vegan
1858 1859 venture* 1860
noun noun adjective noun adjective
/ vi n/ / ven(r)/ / wand/ / w(r)p/ /w(r)/ /bi w(r) sm/ / rp p/ du
winding worship*
1861 1862 worth***
beworthdoingsomething
1863 1864
phrase wrapup phrasalverb
Theauthorsjourneyisapersonal venture. Weenjoyeddrivingalongthe windingroadsofthebeautiful mountains. theactivityofshowingrespectandloveforagod,for Thebuildinghasbeenaplaceofworshipsincetheeighthcentury. examplebysingingorpraying Howmuchdoyoureckonthehouseis worth? usedforsayingthatthereisagoodenoughreason Itisworthvisitingforitsannualmusicfestival. fordoingsomething,becauseitisimportant, enjoyable,usefuletc tofinishsomething OK,well,thatwrapsitupfortodayandseeyouallagainon Wednesdayatsix.
anewbusinessoractivity awindingroad,riveretchasalotofbendsinit
117 114
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628 629 630
631
632
633 634 635 636 637
638
G 639
640
641
642
643 644 645 646 647
648 649
650 651 652 653 654 655 656
G 657 658
659 660 661 662 663
664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675
676 677
G 678 679
680 681
682
683
684
685 686 687 688 689 690
691 692 693 694
695
696
697 698 699 700
701
702
703 704 705 706 707
708 709 710 711 712
713
G 714 715
716
717 718 719 720 721
722 723 724
725 726 727
728 729
730 731
G 732 733
734 735 736 737 738 739
740
741 742 743
744 745 746
747 748
749 750
G 751
752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759
760 761 762
763 764 765 766
767
768
769 770 771
772
773 774 775 776
777
778
779
780 781
782 783 784 785
786 787
788
789 790
791 792 793 794 795 796
797
798 799
800
801
802 803 804 805 806 807
808
809 810 811 812
813 814
815
816 817
818 819
820 821 822
823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834
835 836
837
838
G 839 840
841
842 843 844 845
846
847
848
849
850 851
852
853
854
G 855
856 857
858 859 860 861
862 863 864
865 866 867 868 869 870 871
872
873
G 874 875
876
877 878 879
880
881 882 883 884 885
886
887
888 889
890
891 892 893 894 895
896 897 898 899
900 901 902 903
904 905
906
907 908
909 910 911
912 913
914 915 916 917 918 919 920
921 922
923 924 925
926
G 927 928 929 930
931 932 933 934
935 936 937
938
939 940
941 942 943 944 945
G 946 947 948 949
950 951 952 953 954 955 956
957
958 959
960
961
962 963
964 965 966 967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974 975
976
977 978 979
G 980 981 982
983 984 985 986
987 988
989 990
991 992
993
994
995 996
G 997
998 999
1000 1001
1002
1003 1004 1005
1006 1007 1008 1009 1010
1011 1012 1013 1014 1015
G 1016 1017 1018
1019
1020
1021
1022 1023 1024 1025
1026 1027 1028 1029 1030
1031 1032 1033 1034
1035 1036 1037 1038
1039 1040
1041
1042 1043 1044 1045 1046
1047 1048 1049 1050 1051
G 1052
1053 1054 1055 1056 1057
1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064 1065 1066 1067 1068 1069 1070
1071
1072
1073 1074 1075 1076
1077 1078
1079
1080 1081
1082 1083
1084 1085
1086 1087 1088 1089
G 1090 1091 1092 1093
1094
1095
1096 1097
1098
1099
1100 1101
1102 1103 1104 1105 1106
1107
1108 1109
1110 1111 1112 1113 1114 1115 1116 1117 1118 1119
1120 1121 1122 1123
1124
G 1125 1126 1127 1128 1129
1130 1131 1132
1133
1134 1135
1136 1137 1138
1139
1140 1141 1142
1143 1144 1145
1146 1147
1148 1149
1150 1151
1152 1153 1154 1155 1156 1157 1158 1159 1160
G 1161 1162 1163
1164 1165 1166 1167 1168 1169
1170 1171 1172 1173 1174 1175 1176 1177
1178 1179
1180 1181 1182 1183
1184
1185
1186 1187 1188 1189 1190 1191 1192
1193 1194 1195 1196 1197 1198 1199 1200
1201 1202 1203
1204 1205 1206 1207 1208 1209 1210 1211 1212 1213 1214 1215 1216 1217
1218
1219 1220
1221
1222
1223 1224
1225 1226 1227 1228 1229 1230 1231
1232 1233 1234 1235 1236 1237 1238
1239 1240 1241
1242
G 1243 1244 1245 1246
1247
1248 1249 1250 1251 1252
1253 1254 1255
1256
1257 1258
1259 1260 1261 1262
G 1263
1264
1265 1266 1267 1268 1269
1270 1271 1272 1273
1274
1275 1276
1277 1278
1279 1280
G 1281 1282 1283 1284 1285 1286
1287 1288 1289 1290
1291 1292 1293 1294 1295 1296 1297
1298 1299
1300
G 1301
1302 1303 1304
1305
1306 1307
1308 1309 1310 1311 1312 1313 1314
1315 1316 1317 1318 1319 1320
1321 1322 1323
1324 1325 1326
1327 1328 1329 1330 1331
1332
1333 1334 1335 1336 1337 1338
1339 1340
1341 1342 1343 1344 1345
1346 1347 1348 1349 1350
1351 1352 1353 1354 1355 1356
1357 1358
1359
1360 1361
1362 1363
1364
1365 1366 1367
1368 1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374 1375
G 1376 1377
1378
1379 1380 1381
1382
1383
1384 1385 1386 1387 1388 1389 1390 1391 1392
1393
1394 1395
G 1396 1397 1398 1399 1400
1401 1402 1403 1404 1405
1406 1407
1408
1409 1410 1411
1412 1413
G 1414 1415 1416 1417 1418 1419 1420 1421 1422 1423 1424 1425 1426 1427 1428
1429 1430 1431 1432 1433 1434
G 1435 1436 1437 1438 1439 1440
1441 1442 1443 1444 1445 1446 1447 1448 1449 1450 1451 1452 1453 1454 1455
G 1456 1457 1458 1459 1460 1461
1462 1463 1464 1465 1466 1467 1468 1469
1470 1471 1472 1473 1474 1475 1476
G 1477 1478 1479 1480 1481 1482
1483 1484
1485
1486
1487 1488
1489 1490
1491 1492 1493 1494
1495
G 1496
1497 1498 1499 1500
1501
1502
1503 1504 1505 1506 1507 1508 1509 1510 1511
1512
1513 1514
G 1515 1516 1517 1518 1519 1520
1521 1522
1523 1524
1525 1526 1527 1528
1529 1530
1531
1532
1533 1534 1535 1536 1537
1538 1539 1540 1541
1542 1543 1544 1545
1546 1547 1548 1549 1550 1551 1552
G 1553 1554
1555 1556 1557 1558 1559 1560 1561 1562 1563 1564 1565 1566 1567 1568
1569 1570 1571 1572 1573
G 1574 1575 1576 1577
1578 1579 1580
1581 1582 1583 1584 1585
1586 1587 1588 1589 1590 1591
1592 1593 1594
1595
1596 1597
1598 1599
1600 1601 1602 1603 1604 1605 1606 1607 1608 1609
1610 1611 1612
1613
G 1614 1615 1616 1617 1618 1619
1620
1621 1622 1623 1624 1625 1626 1627 1628 1629
1630
1631 1632
G 1633 1634 1635 1636
1637 1638
1639 1640 1641 1642 1643 1644
1645
1646 1647
1648 1649
1650 1651
G 1652 1653
1654 1655 1656 1657 1658 1659 1660 1661 1662
1663 1664 1665 1666 1667 1668 1669 1670 1671
G 1672
1673 1674 1675 1676
1677 1678 1679 1680 1681
1682
1683
1684 1685 1686 1687 1688 1689
1690
1691 1692
1693 1694
1695
1696
1697 1698
1699
1700
1701
1702 1703
G 1704
1705 1706 1707 1708 1709
1710
1711 1712 1713
1714 1715 1716 1717 1718 1719 1720 1721 1722
1723 1724 1725 1726 1727 1728 1729
1730 1731 1732 1733 1734 1735
1736 1737 1738 1739 1740 1741 1742
G 1743 1744 1745 1746 1747 1748 1749 1750 1751 1752
1753
1754 1755 1756
1757 1758 1759 1760 1761
1762 1763
1764 1765
1766 1767
1768 1769
1770 1771 1772 1773 1774 1775 1776
1777 1778
1779 1780 1781
1782 1783 1784
1785
1786
1787
1788 1789 1790
1791 1792 1793 1794
1795
1796
1797 1798
1799 1800 1801 1802 1803 1804
1805
1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812
G 1813 1814 1815
1816 1817
1818 1819 1820
1821 1822 1823 1824
1825
1826 1827 1828 1829 1830
G 1831 1832
1833 1834 1835 1836
1837
1838 1839
1840 1841 1842 1843 1844
1845 1846 1847 1848
1849
G 1850 1851
1852 1853 1854
1855 1856
1857
1858 1859 1860 1861 1862
1863 1864

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