Professional Documents
Culture Documents
............................................................................................
............................................................................
....................................................................................................
]]<
................................................................................
....................................................................................................
]^n]<
........................................................................
]o^n]<
........................................................................
]e]]<
.......................................................................
]^]<
.......................................................................
]^]<
..............................................................................
]e^]<
.....................................................................
]^n]<
.......................................................................................
]^j]<
................................................................................
.......................................
www.kotobarabia.com
<q]<
.
.. :
.
.
.
www.kotobarabia.com
<o]<]<<c<}
"
.
".
www.kotobarabia.com
.
.
.
.
.
) .(
.
.
)( .
.
.
.
.
) (1 .
www.kotobarabia.com
.
) (1 .
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
. .
O. L.Z.
) (1 .
www.kotobarabia.com
o]<]<<^
www.kotobarabia.com
]<<]<
<
<
<
<
<
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
<
<o]<]<<^
.
.
.
. .
.
)(Vitalist
)(1
) .(2
) .(3
) (1 :Vitalism
.
) (2
. ..." :
"" "" ""
... .
".
....
)(C. S. Sherrington: The Endeavour of Jean Fernal. P.p. 70 1.
) (animistic
.
) (3 animistic :
.
www.kotobarabia.com
.
.
.
)(1
.
.
.
) (
" :
") .(2
.
) (Objective ) (-
) (Inductive
) (1 Back ground .
(2) Bertrand Russel: History of Western Philosophy (1946). P. 547.
www.kotobarabia.com
10
.
) (-
.
) (Stimulus) (1.
.
) (Data
).(2
) (
.
.
.
) .(
) .(4
) (1 .
) (mode City
.
) (2 Elemente der Psychophysik
) (Psychophysics .
) (3 ) . . History of
Experimental Psychology 1929.
) (4 . . ).(-
www.kotobarabia.com
11
.
) (
)( .
.
(Sense Perception -
. ) (1
"" ) .(2
) (Sensation
: .
. .
.
- .
. .
) (-
) (1 . ) (- ) (Sensory
.
) (2 Neuro Physiology .
) (
www.kotobarabia.com
12
. . ) (-
. "
"
.
.
. ) (Evidence
.
:
.
) (1
.
" :
. "
:
" ."
" ."
.
-
.
.
. -
.
-
.
) (1 : .
www.kotobarabia.com
13
.
.
-
. )(
)(1
) (
) .(2 ""
.
.
-
. )
( ) Reflex
(Are Concept
) .(3 )(-
) (-
) (1 :Clinical
.
) (2
.
) (3 : afferent
)( ) efferemt( . impulses
." " .
www.kotobarabia.com
14
" ) ."(
)(1
) (Stimuli
)(
.
.
.
)(
) (Cond. Ref. . . )-
(
.
.
.
)(
. ) (techniques
-
.
.
.
. ) (Encephalography
) (1 :organism .
www.kotobarabia.com
15
.
.
) (1
.
.
.
.
.
: .
.
-
.
.
-
.
.
.
.
) (Encephalography
.
) (1 :Phrenology
www.kotobarabia.com
16
) (1 .
.
.
.
.
: .
.
.
-
.
.
-
.
.
.
) (
.
) ( .
.
)(
) (1 :Phrenology
www.kotobarabia.com
17
.
-
) (abnormal .
).(1
.
) ( )-
( ) .(-
.
) (Psychiatrist
) (Psychopathology
) .(2
) (rational .
. -
.
.
. -
.
( G. P. I.
www.kotobarabia.com
18
)(1
)() (2
.
.
) .(Suggestibility
. ) (-
.
.
. .
) (-
)(
.
- .
.
)( .
)-
.( :
)( .(3) dissociation -
.
) (- .
) (1 .structure :.constitution :
) (2 Neurology
.
( ) P. Janet: The Major Symptoms of Hysteria (1907).
3
www.kotobarabia.com
19
.
) .(1
-
-
.
.
.
)(
) (Normal .
.
) (Inhibition
.
.
.
) (
.
.
.
.
)(
) (1 Psycho analysis "
www.kotobarabia.com
20
.
.
. . .
.
)(1
.
.
.
- -
.
. -
:
.
) (
.
) (-
) (aptitude .
)() (2
. "
(.
www.kotobarabia.com
21
."Evolution .
.
.
) .(incentives
.
.
.
) (
)(
)( .
.
.
.
)(
.
.
)(
www.kotobarabia.com
22
)(
:
.
.
)(
.
)(
www.kotobarabia.com
23
rj]<]<<]j]
24
www.kotobarabia.com
]<^n]<
<
]<]<l^
) (
.
) (Sensation ) .(feeling
.
.
.
.
.
receptor
.
)(
. .
:
.
.
.
. .
www.kotobarabia.com
25
) (
.
.
) .(1 ) (impulses
. .
.
) (Frequency
.
.
) .(2
.
.
.
.
.
""
) .(3
. ) ( .
][
).(intensity
www.kotobarabia.com
26
) (
""
"" )
.The Basis of Sensation :
. " :
) (image
][ .
..
").(1
.
.
.
(1) Adrian, op, cit p. 117.
www.kotobarabia.com
27
.
:
)(1
.
) .(2
.
.
) .(3
.
) (
) .(4
) (1 ) (differential tnreshold
.
) (2 . . " :
" :
www.kotobarabia.com
28
.
.
)(1
).(2
) .(3 ) (Noroma
. parietal lobe
. ""
.
.
.
.
.
-
.
)(4
) (1 .
) (2
www.kotobarabia.com
29
.
.
) (
)(1
)) (occipital (
.
.
.
.
.
-
.
"" ) (mechanisms ) (cognition
) (
.
.
.
(1) C. F. A. Paterson and O. L. Zengwill: "Disorders of Visual space Perception
associated with Lesions of the Right Cerebal Hemisphere' Brain Vol, 67 (1944) P.
331: M. B. Bender and H. L. Teuber: "Spatial Organization of Visual Perception
Following Injury to the Brain, Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, Vol 58 (1947),
P., 721, and vol 59 (1948) p.39.
www.kotobarabia.com
30
.
.
""
:
.
. .
)( .
.
.
) (
:
: .
: .
) (Br. J. Psych. Vol. 21, 1931
.
.
) .(
. %
.
www.kotobarabia.com
31
.
, , , .
) (
:
.
: .
: .
: ) (
) ( ) (
- .
) ( )
( .
.
) (phenomenal regression .
) .(1
) (1 :
) ( ) (
www.kotobarabia.com
32
.
- .
.
. " :
) (peripheral ").(1
.
.
.
) (
.
.
.
.
.
.
. ) (2
.
www.kotobarabia.com
33
. ""
. ""
"" 1
20
" . ""
"" .
.
"" ""
.
.
).(1
.
-
.
) .(Gelb
.
.
.
.
.
) (1 . . " " ) ( .-
www.kotobarabia.com
34
) (
:
)( ).(1
:
.
.
.
.
.
)(2
.
:
.
.
) .(autokinetic sensation
) (1 ) (Principles of Psychology vol, 2, ch, xx
www.kotobarabia.com
35
.
.
.
.
.
) (
: .
: .
: .
: .
.
) .(1
(1) K, Duncker: Induced Movement in Sourcebook of Gestalt Psychology (1935),
edited by W.D. Ellis, p, 161.
www.kotobarabia.com
36
" ."
.
" "
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
) (1
)(2
.
.
www.kotobarabia.com
37
) (
:
"" " "
)(
) .(1
)(2
.
.
.
) (1
Postural .
orientation .
www.kotobarabia.com
38
) .(1
.
) (
.
.
.
) :(2
) .(
) ( ) .
. ) (
) ( .
) (
) (1
.
.
( ) J. F. Brown: "The Visual Perception of Velocity" Psycho Logische Foischung, vol
14 (1931), p, 199.
2
www.kotobarabia.com
39
.
.
.
.
:
.
) .(1 )
( .
.
.
) .(
.
) (
:
- .
- .
- . .
. )(L'Effet Lancement
(1) (1946). A. Michotte: La Perecption de La Causalit
www.kotobarabia.com
40
.
.
.
.
) .(
.
) (
:
- .
- .
.
.
.
www.kotobarabia.com
41
) (
.
) (1
) .(2
.
.
)
( .
. :
.
.
) .(3
.
.
) .(4
) (1 ) :(Data .
) (2 .
) (3 . . . . " " :
Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology vol, 42, (1947) P., 33.
) (4
.
.
www.kotobarabia.com
42
.
1 1
15
:
) .(1 :
:
.
) ( " "
.
)(
.
.
) (
. ) (2
""
. )
( .
.
(1) F. C. Bartlett: Remembering (1932). Ch, I1.
) (2 . Br. J. Psych. Vol 28 (1987) p, 12.
www.kotobarabia.com
43
.
.
) (
-
.
"
: "
:
"" )(
""
.
-
.
) (mode
) (impulses
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
www.kotobarabia.com
44
www.kotobarabia.com
45
rj]<]<<]jc
46
www.kotobarabia.com
]<o^n]<
]J<J<J]<j
) (
. .
) (1
.
.
) ( .
.
)( .
.
) (laboratory.
) (
) (suppression
. ) .(habituation
)(.
:
.
) (1 :Variable .
www.kotobarabia.com
47
. .
.
) .(1
.
)(
) .(2
)( .
) (inhibition .
.
.
.
.
.
.
) (1 The Nature of Learning (1933), p.p. 132-64. :
..
) (2
"" .
. )(
www.kotobarabia.com
48
)(
) (characteristics .
) (
.
.
.
) (1
.
][ .
.
-
.
.
.""
.""
. :
.
.
"" .
.
.
. " "
www.kotobarabia.com
49
.
.
.
) ( .
) (extinction .
.
) .(1
.
.
.
.
.
) (1 ) (dis inhabition
.
. . . :
" ".
www.kotobarabia.com
50
.
.
.
.
) (1 .
. .
.
.
.
.
) ( ) .(2
.
.
.
.
) (1 .
) (2 . . :
Conditioniug and Learning (1940) p.p. 32 & 38.
www.kotobarabia.com
51
.
.
.
) ( .
.
) (1
.
) (
. .) (2 " " .
) ( puzzle - box
.
.
.
.
.retention
-
) (1 Association by contiguity :
(2) E. L. Thorndike: Animal lintelligence (1898).
www.kotobarabia.com
52
.
) (
) ( . ) Law
.(of Effect
)( mechanistic
.
.
.
. .
).(statics
) (
) (1 .
.
) .(
.
.
) (maze
) (1 :gradient .
) (2 " "
www.kotobarabia.com
53
.
.
.
:
)) (1( .
) (
:
)
(
) ( .
-
.
.
) (1" : " Psy. Rev. vol. 39
.
).(
www.kotobarabia.com
54
-
.
.
) (Evidence
.
) (1)(Culler
.
)(2
.
.
.
.
. ) (
.
) (1 .-
) (2 .
www.kotobarabia.com
55
) (
""
" " ".
.
) (cue .
.
).(1
)
(
) (1 . . .
).(
www.kotobarabia.com
56
. .
).(1
.
.
.
.
).(2
) (
-
.
.
.
.
www.kotobarabia.com
57
.
.
"".
.
) (transfer
.
""
"
) (Equivalent Stimuli "
""
.
) .(1
) .(
)(
. " "+
) (-
www.kotobarabia.com
58
) (
- :
- ) (+ ) (-
""
.
.
www.kotobarabia.com
59
.
).(1
. :
) .(2
)(
) ( . )( )( )(
) (
)( )( .
)( .
" "
.
.
) .(3
.
.
.
.
.
- .
) (1 Relational choice :
) (2 . Gestalt Psy. (1929) p. p. 167-8, 233-4.
) (3 ." : " .
www.kotobarabia.com
60
) (
-
)( .
) (1
.
.
)(
.
.
.
Locemotion
.
.
) (ueural
) (
.
.
) (pattern
)(2
)
) (action system
) (1) Stereotype : (
.
) (2 : .
www.kotobarabia.com
61
( . -
)( ) .(1
.
) (
*
. . .) (2
.
)
( .
.
. ) .(
.
.
.
.
) .(
:
.
) ( .
) .(Synthesis
) ( . ""
) (reasoning .
) (1 : .
(2) N. R. Maier and T. C. Schneirla: Principles of Animal Psychology (1935), p.p.
460-2.
www.kotobarabia.com
62
.
..
. ).(1
.
.
.
.
.
: .
. .
.
.
.
.
" " .
.
. .
.
.
(1) W. Kohler. The Mentality of Apes (1925).
www.kotobarabia.com
63
.
.
.
.
-
.
.
.
.
) (statics !
: .
) (concrete
- .
) (
.
) .(1
.
.
) (1 . . . ) " Psych.
Rev. vol 4 (1879) p, 27 & Vol, 6 (1899) P, 345.
www.kotobarabia.com
64
)(1
) .(2 .
.
) .(incentive
.
:
.
.
.
.
.
) (3 :
) (receptor
) (Performance
.
)(4
) (1 ) (
.
.
) (2 .
www.kotobarabia.com
65
.
.
" :
.
") .(1
.
.
.
.
.
.
) (feel .
.
.
.
) (retention
.
.
.
) (1 .
www.kotobarabia.com
66
.
)(range of constancy
.
.
.
.
:
.
.
) (Emotional attitude
.
).(1
.
.
.
. .
www.kotobarabia.com
67
) (
.
- .
"
"
.
.
) .(1
. .
.
.
.
.
.
: :
:
.
.
) (1 . " () Archives of Psychology :"The Psychology of Efficiency
www.kotobarabia.com
68
) .(
) .(2
.
.
.
)(
-
.
) (intellectual
.
)) (3(.
) (1
)" (3 " .
.
.
www.kotobarabia.com
69
) (
-
.
.
.
.
][.
.
.
.
.
www.kotobarabia.com
70
.
)( .
-
.
. ""
.
)(mentations
.
www.kotobarabia.com
71
o]<q]<]<
72
www.kotobarabia.com
]<e]]<
)]<D]E<^] (
-
)( .
.
] [ .
.
)().(1
) (
) (segmental
.
.
.
) (forebrain
.
) (1 : .
www.kotobarabia.com
73
. cerebrum
).(1
.
.
.
.
.
.
. )(
.
. ) (decorticate
. .
.
.
.
.
. .
. .
) (1
" " )(
.-
www.kotobarabia.com
74
.
.
.
:
(
)
.
.
.
)( )
( .
) .(1
.
.
:
.
) .(
)(2
.
-
.
.
) (1
.
) (2 :modality :
.
www.kotobarabia.com
75
) (
- )(
- .
-
- )(
- . .
) .(1
.
.
.
.
.
) (1 ).(subcortical
www.kotobarabia.com
76
. .
- .
).(1
) (2
.
) -(3
.
.
.
.
)(
.
)( .
.
.
.
) (1
. . . .
. .
www.kotobarabia.com
77
) .(
- .
. ) (
.
.
.
)
(
.
.
.
.
:
. :
.
) () (1
.
.
. " :
"
) (1 : .
www.kotobarabia.com
78
""
.
.
.
.
.
) (1 ) (2
.
) .(3
.
.
).(Mass Action
.
.
.
.
.
.
(1) K. S. Lashley: Brain Machanisms and Intelligence (1929).
) (2 :
.
) (3
www.kotobarabia.com
79
.
.
. -
.
.
.
) (1 .
.
) (reasoning
)(2
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
(1) James: Principles of Psychology (1890) vol, 1, pp. 104-27.
) (2.. " " J. of. Comp Neur. Vol 54.
(1932) P. 45. .
www.kotobarabia.com
80
.
.
.
.(1)
.
.
.
)( .
.
) (2 .
.
-
.
)(
) (1 .-
) (2 :Function
.
www.kotobarabia.com
81
) (
.
.
.
.
) (1
) (neurosurgical .
.
:
- . -
""
.
][ .
)(
.
) .(2
) (1 .
) (2
.
www.kotobarabia.com
82
.
. . . " :
"
) (
(
)
.
) .(
.
. .
www.kotobarabia.com
83
.
) .(1
.
.
) (epilepsy
.
.
)(
) (1 . . " :
" Brain, vol 60 (1937) P. 389 .
www.kotobarabia.com
84
) (
) (.
www.kotobarabia.com
85
) .(1
) (subjective
.
.
-
. " :
"
-
.
.
) ( ) (2
.
-
. ) (dementia
.
) .(dissolution
) .(3
(1) W. Penfield and T. C. Erickson: Epilepsy and cerebral Localisation (1941). Pp.
125-34.
) (2 :cognition
.
) (3
. Selected papers
.-
www.kotobarabia.com
86
.
:
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
) .(1
.
)( .
)(
.
) (articulate
)( .
.
) (1 " : " Proc. Of Royal Soc. B. vol, 132
(1945) p. 348.
www.kotobarabia.com
87
)(1
) (motor aphasia
).(2
.
)( . -
) (sensory aphasia .
.
. ) (defect
) (word deafenss
) (3 .
.
.
.
) .(4
.
) (1 aphasia :
.
) (2 ) ( )( .
) ( .
.
( )H. Head: Aphasia and Kindred Disorders of Speech (1926).
) (4 ." : Journal of Neurology, vol,
10 (1947) P. 188.
3
www.kotobarabia.com
88
.
) (
-
.
.
.
- .
.
) .(1
) (amnesia
) .(diencephalons) (2
retrograde
amnesia
.
- -
) (1 . . ." :
. " ".
www.kotobarabia.com
89
.
.
) .(1
.
. ""
" " .
.
.
.
) ( .
.
) .(2
.
) (Hebb) (3
.
www.kotobarabia.com
90
.
.
.
.
) (1
) (identical .
-
).(2
-
.
.
"
"
-
. ""
"" .
) (3
.
) (1 : .
. "
www.kotobarabia.com
91
. .
.
.
.
""
.
.
:
-
.
-
.
.
.
www.kotobarabia.com
92
".
-
)(
.
. .
: .
www.kotobarabia.com
93
o]<q]<]<
94
www.kotobarabia.com
]<^]<
) (
) (
) (reaction
:
.
) (stereotyped
.
.
) (motivation .
.
) ) ((1
.
) (
.
.
.
.
(1) Outline of Psychology (1931) P. 51-6, 114-18.
www.kotobarabia.com
95
.
)(
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
:
- :
.
.
) (appetitive ) (1
.
.
- :
.
) (1 air hunger :
www.kotobarabia.com
96
.
.
.
.
.
- :
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- :
.
www.kotobarabia.com
97
) .(1
.
.
) .(2
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.
)(
.
-
.
) (malaise .
).(4
) (1 ) (diencephalons
) (2
.
) (3 = = .
www.kotobarabia.com
98
.
.
.
. . .
- ).(1
) (2
. )) (Afferent(
.
.
.
) (Diabetes insipidus .
) (3
).(4
.
.
) (1 " ".
) (2 .-
) (3 )(
.
www.kotobarabia.com
99
.
)(
).(1
"
" .
.
.
- .
.
) .(2 ) (
.
.
.
) (vit. B. Complex
.
.
.
)(
) (
.
.
) (1 .-
www.kotobarabia.com
100
- :
.
.
.
.
.
) ( :
.
.
) .(1
.
.
) (1 ) (diencephalons
www.kotobarabia.com
101
) . (1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
) (2 .
.
-
.
.
) (malaise .
) . (3
.
.
.
.
. .
)(1
)(2
= = .
.
)(3
www.kotobarabia.com
102
). (1
) (2
. )) (Afferent(
.
.
.
) (Diabetes Insipidus .
) (3
). (4
.
.
.
)( ). (5
" " .
.
)(1
)(2
)(3
" "
.
)(
.
)(4
)(5
www.kotobarabia.com
103
.
.
) . (1 ) (
.
.
.
.
.
) (Vit. B. Complex
.
.
.
)(
) (
.
.
. .
. )(
) .(receptors
.
) (1 . " ." Vol 4. () Annual Rev. of Phys. .
www.kotobarabia.com
104
.
.
) (
.
)(
.
) .(1
.
.
) ( .
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
) (1 . . . "
" ) Psgchol. Rev vol 54 (1947
.
. . () Hormones and Behaviour
.-
www.kotobarabia.com
105
.
.
:
.
.
) ( .
) (spinal cord
)(
.
.
.
.
.
.
) .(1
.
.
) (1 . . " : :
www.kotobarabia.com
106
) .(1
.
)(
) .(co-ordination
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
:
.
) (
.
.
.
.
) (1 : P. 193 (1940) ibid. vol, 29.
www.kotobarabia.com
107
.
.
""
)(1
.
.
) .(2
. )(
.
.
.
).(
.
.
).(3
) (1 :anthropomorphism : .
www.kotobarabia.com
108
) (
.
. " "+
.
.
.
) (1 .
. )(
)(
)( .
. .
.
.
. ""
.
.
.
www.kotobarabia.com
109
.
.
.
.
.
) (
).(1
) .(2
.
.
.
.
.
.
! ""
.
.
) (1 . .
www.kotobarabia.com
110
"
".
.
.
.
. )(
.
) .(1
.
) (2 .
) (
.
) (1 .
.-
) (2 .
)(
.
.
www.kotobarabia.com
111
. .
.
).(1
.
) (impulses
.
. ) (discharge
.
.
) (skeletal
.
- .
.
.
.
) (1 Autonomic . .
Efferent
www.kotobarabia.com
112
) .(
. " "
.
.
.
.
.
.
) .(2
) (1
. . ) Bodily Changes in Pain, Hunger, Fear, and Rage (1929
.
) (2 ) (
) (
) (
- .
" ".
www.kotobarabia.com
113
) .(1
.
) (2 .
.
) ( .
""
)( ) (mid-brain
) (caudal ) . .(
) (
:
) )(
(.
)(3
subject .
www.kotobarabia.com
114
).(1
) (
.
- . " ."
) .(2
. :
)(
: .
.
)(
: )( .
.
.
.
) (1 .
" :
)(
www.kotobarabia.com
115
) (
: .
. :
. .
)(
.
) (
:
.
.
) (
:
.
)(1
.
) (
:
) (Inhibitory
.
.
.
) (1
. .
www.kotobarabia.com
116
)() (
)( )(
. )(
.
.
.
)
(.
:
-
.
) (
.
() :
() :
) (
)(1
) (
. :
-
) (1 correlate
.
www.kotobarabia.com
117
.
)( .
-
.
.
. .
-
.
.
""
.
-
.
.
.
.
.
)( .
www.kotobarabia.com
118
]<^]<^]
119
www.kotobarabia.com
]<<^]<
]<]<^]<^
) (
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- )(
. .
-
.
.
. " :
)"(1
) (1 . ." : " B. J. Psy. Vol 33 (1943), P.
189.
www.kotobarabia.com
120
) (
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
) .(1
.
.
.
. . .
anthropoid
.
) (1 . "
www.kotobarabia.com
121
.
.
. .
.
. " " . -
"" - .
.
" " ) .(Sub verbal
.
.
) (
.
.
.
) .(1
.
) (1
.
www.kotobarabia.com
122
.
.
.
.
.
) ( ) ( )
( . .
) .(1
"" .
-
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
) (1 Embryology of
) Behaviour (1945 .
www.kotobarabia.com
123
) .Identical(1
.
.
.
.
. " "
)(2
-
.
.
)(
.
.
) (1 monozygotic :
) .(.
www.kotobarabia.com
124
) .(1
.
.
"" "" . "" "
" . .
.
.
.
.
.
"
" .
) (2
.
.
) (
.
Binet
) (Sub Test .
)
(.
(1) J. Piaget: The Language and Thought of the child (1926), and the child's
Conception of Causality (1930), and other works.
) (2 egocentric )(.
www.kotobarabia.com
125
.
).(1)(I. Q.
.
.
)) (2 ( .
) (3
.
.
.
. .
.
.
) (1 ) (Test batteries
) ( ) ) (M. A
.
. .
www.kotobarabia.com
126
) .(Puberty
. .
.
"" .
.
) (
.
) (I .Q
) .( )
(
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
www.kotobarabia.com
127
. )
(
) ( )(
. . ) .(1
) .(
]
)(1) J. G. Raven: Progressive Matrices (1938
www.kotobarabia.com
128
[ .
.
.
" ...
" .
. ) (
.
.
) ( ) (
www.kotobarabia.com
129
).(1
.
""
. )
(
)(
) (
.
)( ).(2
)(3
.
.
) (1 . ." : " Br J. Psych (1948) vol. 39 P. 12
. . . . " : " J.
M. Science vol 49 (1948) P.133.
.
" "
.
( ) Fraser Roberts: Proceedings of the 7 International Congress of Genetics (1941) P.
249.
) (3 ) .(Genes : ) (Chromosome.
th
www.kotobarabia.com
130
.
) .(1
) (
.
,
, ) (2 , ) .(3
" " .
.
.
) (
)(4
. -
.
.
.Variables
.
(1) CF. E. T O. Slater: "Genetics in Psychiatry" J. Men Sc. Vol. 90 (1944) P. 17 L. S.
Penorse: The Biology of Mental Defect (1949), ch. VI.
) (2 Fraternal dizygotic
)(.
( ) H. H. Newman, F. N .Freeman, and K. J. Holzinger Twins; A Study of Heredity
and
Environment
(1937).
4
)( ) C. E. Spearman: The Nature of "Intelligence" and Principles of Cognition (1923
)and the abilities of man (1932
3
www.kotobarabia.com
131
" " .
. " :
..
" .
.
. ""
) ( :
=
) .(1
. .
..
) (
.
..
)(
.
)( . ).(2
(1) Spearman: The abilities of Man (1932) P. 73: original italics
) (2 .-
.
.
. ) The Measurement of Abilities (1940 .
www.kotobarabia.com
132
)( .
)( .
)(
.
.
)( .
" "
.
.
.
)( :
) ( . .
. " :
:
) of Human Ability (1948 P. E. Vernon: The :
Structure of Human Abilities (1950).
www.kotobarabia.com
133
.
") .(1
) (
.
.
) ( )(
.
.
)(Psychoneurosis
)(2
,
) .(3
) (
.
.
- .
www.kotobarabia.com
134
.
.
. :
.
. :
.
" ......
.
) (
.
www.kotobarabia.com
) (
135
") .(1
.
) (2
.
.
.
.
.
""
.
.
) .(3
.
.
.
) (
.
:
www.kotobarabia.com
136
)( )(
.
.
.
)( .
.
.
www.kotobarabia.com
137
^]<]<<]<vj]
138
www.kotobarabia.com
]<e^]<
]<^]<]<<]<vj
) (
.
.
.
.
.
)(
.
.
. )(
.
.
.
.
www.kotobarabia.com
139
.
.
" : ".
. " " .
. " "
) .(1
) (Psychotherapy
.
. .) (2
.
.
.
" ") (3
) (1 .
) (2 .
. . . The Psychology
." of C. G. Jnng
www.kotobarabia.com
140
.
.
) (
" :
Psycho-therapy .
)( ") .(1
" "
"" .
.
.
.
. .
) ( " "
) :
( " " .
)(2
" "
www.kotobarabia.com
141
" :
)(".
.
)( .
" ."Displacement :
.
) .(Dramatization :
) (Retrospection
. " " .
.
- .
:
. .
.
.
.
.
www.kotobarabia.com
142
" " .
. ) (Hypnosis
. ""
.
) .(1
.
.
- "
" .
.
.
.
.
.
. .
" "Cathexes
.
.
-
)(2
) (1 () Psychopathology
.
) (2 Obsession ) .(
www.kotobarabia.com
143
)(1
.
.
.
.
.
Sublimation .
.
.
) .(2
. ""
.
.
: ) :(
)(
)( )(
) ( .
) (
.
-
.
) (1 Equipment )(.
) (2 Repression .
www.kotobarabia.com
144
)(1
) (Cognitive .
) .(2
" ".
.
- .
" )( "
.
.
) (Erotic
.
.
.
.
) (Oral
) (
) ( .
.
) (Perversions
)(
) (Anal
) (1 : ) (.
www.kotobarabia.com
145
.
.
) (Depression
.
.
.
.
.
(
)
) (Psychic .
.
.
) .(1
) .(Abnormal
.
:
) (1
. New Introd, Lec, P. 175-8
.
www.kotobarabia.com
146
. .
. "" )(Janet
.
) (Delirious .
.
.
.
.
.
) (
.
.
. :
""
. "
" .
.
:
"" .
.
.
www.kotobarabia.com
147
""
.
.
.
"" ) .(1 "" ) (Ego
.
. "" ""
.
. " " ""
. "") (2 ""
. ) (Super-ege "
" .
. .
"" ) (3)(Id
.
. ""
.
. .
"" .
.
(1) Freud: The Ego and the Id. (1927).
) (2 :Precipitate
)(.
www.kotobarabia.com
148
.
.
.
.
.
:
.
.
.
) (
.
) .(1
.
.
www.kotobarabia.com
149
) (Frustration
.
.
).(
.
: )(2
.
)(.
.
.
.
.
.
)( .
.
.
) (Phobias .
) (1 Frustration and Agression .J. Dollard
) (2 .
)(.
www.kotobarabia.com
150
.
.
.
.
).(1
)( .
"" ).(2
) (
.
.
"
"
. )(
.
" "
.
) (1 " "
.
) (2 Experiences .
)(.
www.kotobarabia.com
151
.
"" .
: .
.
!!! .
"
" .
" " .
.
.
.
.
.
"".
.
. ""
." " .
.
www.kotobarabia.com
152
) (
)(1
.
.
" . "
.
) .(2 .
.
)(
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
)(
) (1 : Anxiety neurosis -.
(2) Freud, Inhibitions, Symptoms and Anxiety (1936).
www.kotobarabia.com
153
~<^
154
www.kotobarabia.com
]<<^n]<
<<~]<^
) (
.
! .
) .(Intuition
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
www.kotobarabia.com
155
) (
"" Temperament
" " ) (Mood
.
Choleric .
" "
.
" "
"
Hypomantic
" ) (Depressive
.
) (Humours
.
.
.
.
.
www.kotobarabia.com
156
) (1
.
.
) (Thyroid
.
.
.
.
" "
.
.
.
) .(2
)( ) .(3
) (1 -
)(2) E. Kretschmer: Physique and Character (2nd ed. 1945
) (3 )(
. .
.
.
.
.
.
www.kotobarabia.com
157
.
"" ) (Asthenic"
" ) .(Pyknic
.
"" ) (Athleitc .
.
. )
(Abnormality .
. .
) (Normelity .
.
" " ) (Schizoid
.
"") .(1
.
"
" .
"" ) (Cycloid
.
.
.
www.kotobarabia.com
158
) .(Extravert
.
. .
.
.
""
.
.
.
.
) (1
.
.
) .(Embryo
) (Endoderm
.
) .(Mesoderm
.
) .(Ectoderm
.
" " ) (Endomorphic " " ) (Mesomorphic "
www.kotobarabia.com
159
" ) .(1)(Ectomorphic
.
.
:
.
.
" " ) .(Somato type
.
"" .
.
.
"" . ""
"" .
"" .
" )" (Viscerotonia
" : " .
( ) Sheldon: The Varieties of Temperament (1942) P. 10
2
www.kotobarabia.com
160
...
") .(1 " ....
") .(2 .
.
" .
) (
").(3
.
" "
" " .
.
.
.
) (1 .
) (2 .
) (3 .
.
www.kotobarabia.com
161
.
.
) (
. .
""
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
" "
.
.
.
" "
www.kotobarabia.com
162
. .
) (
.
" "
. " :
..
") .(1
. -
.
.
" "
)(2
) .(3
- .
" :
") .(4
.
.
(1) K. Abraham: Selected Papers of Psycho-Analysis (1942), P.p 388-9.
)(
) (2 . = = complex
(3) A. Adler: The Neurotic Constitution (1921).
(4) O. Fenichel: The Psycho Analytic Theory of Neurosis (1945) P. 47.
www.kotobarabia.com
163
.
.
) .(1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
) (
.
" " ) (
. .
(1) A. Kardiner: The Psychological Frontiers of Society (1945).
) (2 The Psychology of ego- Involments . . -
www.kotobarabia.com
164
) (
.
)( . ) (Atrophy
.
) .(1
.
- .
)(
.
) (Initiative ) (Euphoria) (2 ).(3
) (4 .
.
) (1 . " : ".
Lancet (1942) Vol 2 P. 717
.
) (2 : ) .(
(3) G. Rylander: Personality Changes after Operation on the Frontal Lobes (1939), W.
Ritchie Russell: "The Functions of the Frontal Lobes," Lancet (1948) vol. 1, P. 356.
) (4 ) (Syndrome .
www.kotobarabia.com
165
) .(1
" ) (
.
.
.
" ") .(2 ) Lobotomy
( .
) .(3
.
" " .
.
.
.
. " :
") .(4
) (1 .-
) (2 Pre-frontal Leucotomy.
(3) W. Freeman & J. W. Watts: Psychosurgery (1942): W. Sargant and Eliot Slater:
;An Introduction to Physical Methods of Treatment in Psychiatry (2nd wd, 1948) ch. X
J. F. Fuiton: Functional Lccalization in the Frontal Lobes and Cerebellum (1949) P.
p80-104.
) (4 .-
www.kotobarabia.com
166
.
:
" " )(
.
" " .
)(2
" "
.
) (
.
.
.
.
.
) (1 The Physical Background of Perception .E. d. Adrian
) (2 A Text-Book of Psychiatry R. D. Gillespie D K. Hnderson
www.kotobarabia.com
167
" !"
" : ..
") .(1
.
www.kotobarabia.com
168
fj]<]<
169
www.kotobarabia.com
]<^j]<
<
<fj]<]<
) (
"
" .
.
.
.
.
.
.
""
" " ) .(Bonafide
.
.
) (Inductive .
.
" "
. :
)(
www.kotobarabia.com
170
.
.
.
) (
)" :(Hedd) (1
"
.
.
) ( " :
.
.
.
").(2
.
.
(1) H. Head: Aphasia & Kindred Disorders of Speech (1926) vol. 1. p. 544.
) (2 .
www.kotobarabia.com
171
.
.
. .
. " ").(1
Lethargic
.
.
. .
" " .
.
.
.
.
.
Materialism .
" "
) .(2
) (1 . " :
www.kotobarabia.com
172
)(1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
) (
(2) " " :
"
".
.
) (1 Tonus .
) (2 ) ( .
www.kotobarabia.com
173
. :
"
"
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
- .
)(.
.
.
.
. .
.
.
. ) (Therapeutic
.
www.kotobarabia.com
174
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
) (
.
.
) (Social Anthropology
.
. )(
.
www.kotobarabia.com
175
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. :
"
" .
. .
www.kotobarabia.com
176
.
. .
.
.
.
) (
.
.
)( .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
www.kotobarabia.com
177
) (
)(
Adrenalin
Adult
Affect
Affection
Affective
Attitudes
Afferent
Aggression
Aim
Air-hunger
Ambivalence
Amnesia
Anal
Anal character
Analysis
A
) (
Ability
Abnormal
Abnormal
Psychology
Abstraction
Accomodation
Achievements
Activity
Adaptability
Adaptations,
sensory
Adolescence
Adrenal cortex
)(
Conscience
Consciousness
Constancy
Phenomena
Control
experiments
Convolution
Coordinates
)(vertical
Coordination
Correlation
Cortical
Cortex, cerebral
Cortex, motor
.
)(
)(
Cortex, sensory
Cortex, visual
)(
Cues
.
Cycloid
temperament
Cyclothymic
Abstract
Adjustment
Confusional state
Data
""Cathexes
Causality,
Perception of
)
(
)(
)
(
www.kotobarabia.com
Central
Cerebrotonic
178
Anger
Anguler gyrus
Animism
Anthropologist
Anthropomorphism
Anticipation
Anxiety
Anxiety states
Apathy
Apes, mentality of
Aphasia
Appetite
Appetitive behaviour
Applied Psychology
Apraxia
Aptitudes special
Articulate
Expectations
Experience
Experimental
Psychology
Extinction
Extirpation,
method of
)
(
()
.
.
( )
F
Factorial
Analysis
Fatigue
Fears
Feel
Feeling
Fissure
Fixation
Focus
179
Cerebrum,
evolution of
Character
Child Pychology
Clinic (Psych)
Cognition
Complex
Concept
Concrete,
Condensation
Conditioned
reflexes
( )
Association
of
ideas by contiguity
Atrophy
Asthenic
Attention
Attitude
Autokinetic
sensation
Autonomic
nervous system
Avoidance
""
Awareness
B
Background
Behaviour
Behaviourism
Binet Scale
Blink response
Breeding territory
Brightness,
perception of
Buccal cavity
www.kotobarabia.com
( )
()
Dream
interpretation
Dream symbolism
Drive or incentive
Ductless glands
Ectomorphic
Education
Educational
psychology
Effect, law of
Effet, lancement
Effactor
Efferent
Ego
( )
Death instinct
Decerebration
Decortication
Defect
Delinquecncies
Delirium
Delusions
Dementia
Demonology
Depression
Deterioration
Senile
Diabetes insipidus
Diencephanlon
Diet, self selection
of
Differential
Discrimination,
sensory
Dis-inhibition
Disorientation
180
Frontal lobes
Frontal
Denervate
Food preferences
Forebrain
Frequency
.
( )
.
lobe
syndrome
Frontal plane
Function
Electro
encephalography
Emotion
Emotional
attitudes
Empirical
Encephalization
Endocrine
Endo
cine
secretions
Endomorphic
End-organ
Environment
Epilepsy
Epistemology
Equipment
Equipotent iality
Equivalent stimuli,
method
Evaluation
Evidence
Excitement
Displacement
Dissociation
Dissolution
Distance,
perception of
Dramatization
www.kotobarabia.com
)
(
.
( )
Introspection
Introversion
Intuition
Investigation
Involuntary
- -
J
James Lange
Jerk
Hypomania
Hypothalamus
Hysteria
Id
Idemical twins
Identification
Idiosyncracy
Idiot
Illumination
perception of
Illusion
Illusion
of
propulsion
Imagination
.
)(
Impairment
Impressions
Impulses
Imprinting
Inborn
Incentives
G
Generalisation
Genes
181
L
Language
Lateut content
Learning
Learning curve
Lethargy
Leucotomy
prefrontal
Level of aspiration
Local sign theory
Localization
cerebral
M
Maladjustment
Manic depressive
Psychosis
Manifestations
Mass action, law
of
Mating
Maturation
Index
Indifferent
Individual
differences
Individuality
Infant
Induced movement
Infantile
Sexuality
Inferiority
complex
Inhibition
Inhibition, internal
www.kotobarabia.com
( )
Synthesis
T
Taste
Techniques
Temperament
Shape, perception
of
Size, Perception of
Skill
Smooth
Social Psychology
Soma
.
)
(
Somatotonic
Somatotypes
Space, perception
of
Spatial frame work
Judgement
Specific
Spotlight
Stability,
emotional
Staff
Standardized
Response
Statistics,
Psychological
N
Nerves
Nervous system
Neurology
Neuron
Neuroses
Neurosurgery
Norm
182
Genetics
Gestalt School of
Psychology
Goal
gradient
hypothesis
G P. I.
Gradient
of
reinforcement
Guilt
Gyrus (pre-central)
( )
H
Habit, nature of
Habituation
Harmonisation
Head injury
Hormones
Humours, doctrine
of the
Hunger
Hypnosis
Stereotyped
Stimulation,
method of
Stimulus
Stimulus
equivalence
Subject
Subjectiveness
Sublimation
Suggestibility
Super-ego
Suppression
Suppressor bands
Susceptibility
Susceptible
Sympathetic
nervous system
Sympathetic
www.kotobarabia.com
( )
Physique, types of
Plateaux
Predisposition
Primary Process
Problem child
Problem-Solving
Progressive
matrices Test
Projection
Projection areas
Psyche
Psychiatrist
Psycho-analysis
Psycho-analytic
Psychological
medicine
Psychometric
methods
Psychoneurosis
Psychopathic
personality
Psycho pathology
Orientation
Spatial
Peripheral
Personality
Personnel selection
Per-version
Phenomenal
regression
183
.
.
--
O
Objective
Observation
Obsession
Obsessional State
Occipital lobes
Oedipus complex
Oral
Organism
Orientation
P
Parallel
Parietal lobe
Pattern
Perception
Performance
Performance tests
Normal
Norm Live
Maze learning
Mechanism
Memory
Mental age
Mental defect
Mental
measurement
Mentations
Mesomorphic
Metabolism
Methodology
Method
Modality
Modify
Modulate
Mood
Motivate
Motivation
Motor aphasia
Motor System
Movement,
perception of
www.kotobarabia.com
- -
()
.
.
""
. .-
-
()
)
(
.
--
.
Tendency
Tentative Method
Test batteries
Tetrad equation
Threshold,
differential
Topographical
memory
Trace
Tract
Transfer sensory
Trial and error
learning
Twins, fraternal
Twins, identical
Type
Reward
S
Sadism
Satisfaction
Scale
Schizoid
temperament
Schizophrenia
Secondary
elaboration
Segmental
Self punishment
Self regulation
Sensation
Sense
Sensibility
Sensitivity
Sentiment
Sequence
Series
Sex
Sexual behaviour,
184
Phlegm
Phobias
Phrenology
Physical
Permanence,
Physiological
psychology
Physique
Typical
U
Unconscious
Mental activity
( )
V
Vacuum activity
Value, Perception
of
Variable
Viscera
Viscerotonic
Vision, evolution
of visual
Visual acuity
Visual
organization
Vocabulary test
Vocational training
W
Water balance
Word deafness
Temperamental
Type
Temperature
regulation
Temporal gradient
Temporal lobes
www.kotobarabia.com
evolution of
Sexuality
Psychophysics
Pugnacity
Puzzle box
Pyknic
Range
of
Constancy
Reaction formation
Reasoning
Recall
.
.
www.kotobarabia.com
Receptor organs
Recognition
Re-educaton
Reflex
Reflex arc concept
Regression
Reinforcement
Relational choice
Repression
Reproductive
Retrograde
ammesia
185