P&H Foundation Systems 2011

Patrick and Henderson Foundations
4/3/2011
P&H Foundation Systems

By Shelton L. Stringer, PE, GE, PG, EG
Earth Systems Global Inc.
2011 Earth Systems Global Inc.
The Patrick and Henderson Tensionless Pier (P&H Pier)

The P&H Pier consists of a large, cast-in-place cast in place pier foundation to support monopole towers (US Patent No. 5,586,417, Canadian Patent 2205502, Chinese Patent 201020166104.7).
2011 Earth Systems Global inc.
4/3/2011
Advantages of the P&H Pier
P&H foundations are the most economical available for wind turbine support. 25% to 35% less than the cost of a gravity spread foundation About 3% to 6% savings in total project development costs P&H foundations are the most environmentally green. The smallest footprint available, with far less ground disturbance than a gravity spread foundation Uses far less total concrete and steel than a gravity spread foundation with much quicker assembly Fewer materials make the P&H foundations a more attractive ecological and environmental solution for foundation support. A smarter choice
P&H Foundations Built Supporting Wind Energy Projects
27 States, 5 Provinces 5 Provinces 4900+ Built 4200+ sinceBuilt 2000 5700+ 149 Projects
28 States,
200+ Projects
Earth Systems
Southwest
4/3/2011
SNYDER WIND ENERGY PROJECT Scurry County, Texas

Tallest wind turbines in the United States to date. d Height to Blade Tip = 150 m, 492 feet! 21 Vestas V90 3.0-megawatt wind turbines on 105 m towers. P&H pier foundations 40-feet deep Used Anderson Drilling Big Stan 18foot diameter auger rig.
BUFFALO MOUNTAIN WIND ENERGY PROJECT Anderson County, Tennessee

Tennessee Valley Authority project 15 towers Vestas V80 1.8-MW turbines on 80-meters towers P&H Pier foundations are on reclaimed land from coal mine spoils
4/3/2011
P&H Pier Construction in China ,, 2009
2 - Goldwind 750 kW Turbines in Inner Mongolia

2750KW
4/3/2011 7
Construction of the P&H Pier
Construction of the pier begins by digging a hole with an excavator or drill rig. Rock sites require controlled pre-blasting. y Typical depth 25 to 34 feet (7.5 to 10.5 m) Cranes set an outer corrugated metal can (CMP) in the hole, typically 12 to 16 feet diameter (3.7 to 4.9 m).
4/3/2011
Sand-cement slurry is placed as backfill between the outer CMP and the excavation sides. Threaded steel rods (encased in PVC sleeves) are arranged with a template that matches the base flange of the tower. These rods are set and bolted to an embedment ring within the annular space between CMP cans.

A smaller, inner CMP is set concentric within the hole, typically 10 to 12 feet diameter (3.0 to 3.7 m). A lower plug of concrete and the excavated spoils are placed within the inner can. Foundation concrete is placed between the two CMP cans, forming a hollow cylinder. A concrete floor slab and top collar is cast.
4/3/2011
The tower is bolted to the threaded rods extending above the concrete. The grout trough beneath the base flange is filled. The rods are post-tensioned to keep the concrete in compression (hence tensionless) during loading.
How the P&H Pier works
The lateral and moment capacity i developed is d l d by b side id bearing b i as the rigid pier is free to rotate within the earth. The ultimate passive resistance is dependent on the shear strength of the surrounding soil or rock (friction angle, and cohesion, c). Pier rotation and deflection are dependent on compressibility of the soil or rock, expressed as a non-linear, load-deformation (p-y) curve.
4/3/2011
Key Geotechnical Issues
The geotechnical report for the project is the basis for the properties of the soil or rock in analyses. Overturning stability with a global safety factor of at least 2 against extreme loads Pier rotations and deflections should remain within a tolerable range
typically, 2 to 5 mm operational, 10 to 20 mm extreme 1 mm/m rotation operational 3 mm/m rotation - extreme
Foundation rotational stiffness to avoid resonance and excessive vibrations
Design Loads
Loads come from the wind turbine manufacturer based on IEC. IEC Typical Extreme Wind Loads (unfactored): Axial 140 575 kips (700 - 2550 kN) Lateral 70 200 kips (300 900 kN) Moment 10,000 to 58,000 ft-kips (14 - 78 MN-m) Seismic loads, even in moderate seismic regions, are generally less than design wind loads
Exception: 2010 California Building Code, active faults, < 10 km, non-building structure, minimum design force controls, CsW = 0.8S1/(R/I) - San Andreas & Garlock faults. GL & IEC Rules of applying EQ + Operational Load
4/3/2011
Rotational (Rocking) Stiffness
Important factor for performance of wind turbine foundations Rotational Stiffness, K = M/, where M = moment, = rotation t ti Normal requirement: K = 20 to 60 GN-m/radian
Greatly exaggerated rotation from FEM
3D Finite Element Modeling (FEM)

Half Model Loading at Top of Tower
Tower
P&H Pier
Ground
4/3/2011
FEM Results Lateral D f Deformation ti of Pier
Tower Frequency Verification Testing
Frequency q y response p of tower recorded by accelerometers, displacements recorded by transducers Tower frequency changes when considering SoilStructure Interaction The wind turbine natural frequency should be a margin away from the rotor rotation frequency to avoid dynamic amplification.
4/3/2011
P&H Rock & Pile Anchors Foundations
Guantanamo Bay, Cuba 2004

4 NEG-Micon 950 kW on P&H anchor foundations using Con-Tech self-drilling anchors in conglomerate
10
4/3/2011
Hull II Wind Project, Massachusetts
Hull II Wind Project 2006
Vestas V-80 1 1.8MW 8MW turbine on 80-m tower 67 feet of landfill over dense rock Supported on P&H pile anchor foundation Piles driven to rock and rock anchors extended below Two rows of piles Featured at 2006 AWEA Conference
11
4/3/2011
Locust Ridge, Pennsylvania

Gamesa 2.0 MW turbines on rock anchor foundations
Setting g the anchor bolt cage g

shown at right
Placing concrete for cap

shown below
Ground Anchor Components

Unbonded length (free stress zone) Bonded Length Anchor or Tendon Grout Anchor Head & Bearing Plate
12
4/3/2011
High Strength Anchor Bars
PTI Proof Testing & Maintenance Checks
Initial Proof Test each bolt to 133% of design load (DL) Periodic Maintenance Program to check and retension anchors at 3 months and 1 year
13
4/3/2011
The P&H Pile Anchor Foundation

Note Void (gap) between cap and pile anchor US Patents 7,533,505 & 7,618,217 Chinese Patent 201020166104.7
Mind the Gap

Di Disconnected t d Pil Pile Foundation F d ti No structural connection between anchor and cap The gap is the key Gap allows post-tensioning of anchor and retensioning Pile Anchor uplifts and cap compresses the subgrade Post-tensioning improves subgrade modulus by confinement and compression
14

P&amp;H Foundation Systems 2011

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

P&amp;H Foundation Systems 2011

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Patrick and Henderson Foundations