1/10/14

CE 563
Airport Design

Payload
Total revenue-producing load
200 lbs for each passenger and their bags
Operating empty weight (OEW)
Aircraft
Crew
Gear

Zero fuel weight (ZFW)

OEW plus payload
Maximum structural payload
Maximum payload an aircraft can carry
Maximum ramp weight
Maximum ground maneuvering weight (taxi, run-
up fuel)

1/10/14

Maximum gross takeo weight

Maximum allowed weight at takeo brake release
OEW, trip fuel, reserve fuel, payload
Maximum structural takeo weight (MSTOW)
Maximum gross takeo weight at sea level and a
temperature of 59F (15C)
Maximum weight landing gear can support
Standard design weight for airport design

Maximum structural landing weight (MLW)

Weight the landing gear can support during
landing
OEW, payload, fuel reserve
For large transport aircraft, this can be much
dierent than the MSTOW
For smaller aircraft, not much dierent than
MSTOW

There is a maximum aft and forward center of

gravity position to which an aircraft can be loaded in
order to maintain ight stability
The distribution of weight between nose gear and
main gear is thus not a constant
For pavement design purposes, normal to assume 5
percent of the weight on the nose gear

1/10/14

Range
Maximum distance an aircraft can y with a given
level of fuel in the tanks
Ferry range
Maximum distance an aircraft can y without
carrying any payload
As range increases, payload decreases, and vice
versa

Function of:
Weather conditions
Flight altitude
Winds aloft
Speed
Fuel consumption
Reserve fuel

A-Maximum payload
B
B-Maximum fuel load
C-No payload
C

1/10/14

Given: Data in table, 1.25 hour fuel reserve,

Vave= 540 mph, fuel consumption rate =22.8 lbs/mi
Find: Plot payload-range diagram
Weight, lbs
220,000
198,000
125,513
57,000
75,400

Payload, lbs

Max structural takeo weight

Max structural landing weight
Operating empty weight
Max structural payload
Fuel capacity

Range, miles

Do not exceed speed, Vne

Fastest speed in smooth air
Design maneuvering speed, Va
Fastest speed recommended for maneuvers
Lifto speed, Vlo
Speed at which aircraft can lift o
Rotate speed, Vr
Speed at which the aircraft can be rotated to bring
the nose wheel o the ground

1/10/14

Decision speed, V1
The speed during takeo at which the pilot
decides to continue or abort the takeo
Stall speed, Vso
Minimum possible speed for the aircraft in landing
conguration (gear down, aps extended)
Reference landing approach speed, Vref
Speed aircraft uses on landing approach
Vref=1.3xVso

1/10/14

FAA Classication
(MSTOW)
Category Weight, lbs
Small
<41,000
Large
41,000-255,000
Heavy
>255,000 lbs

ICAO Classication
(MSTOM)
Category Mass, kg
Light
<7,000
Medium 7,000-136,000
Heavy
>136,000

1/10/14

Aircraft capabilities
Field elevation
Wind speed and direction
Runway gradient
Runway surface conditions
Specied requirements for safety
Declared distances

Three general cases

Normal takeo, all engines available, allow for
variation
One engine failure takeo
Continue takeo
Brake to a stop
Landing
Allow for variation