- 1 (Grammar Patterns 1)

. , English) . , . , , . "Grammar Patterns" (Spoken

"I do a job" " " . . ; , . ." . ."

. "do a job" " , " 73 . . do a job 1. I do a Job. . 2. I am doing a job. . 3. I did a job. . " , . " .

4. I didn't do a job. . 5. I will do a job. . ( 6. I won't do a job. . 7. Usually I don't do a job. . 8. I am not doing a job. . 9. I was doing a job. . 10. I wasn't doing a job. . 11. I will be doing a job. . 12. I won't be doing a job. . 13. I am going to do a job. . 14. I was going to do a job. . 15. I can do a job. 16. I am able to do a job. ) .

17. I can't do a job. 18. I am unable to do a job. . 19. I could do a job. 20. I was able to do a job. .

21. I couldn't do a job. 22. I was unable to do a job. . 23. I will be able to do a job. . 24. I will be unable to do a job. . 25. I may be able to do a job. . 26. I should be able to do a job.

27. I have been able to do a job. (Perfect Tense / . 28. I had been able to do a job. / 29. I may do a job. 30. I might do a job. 31. I may be doing a job. . 32. I must do a job. ( ) 33. I must not do a job. . . 34. I should do a job. .( 35. I shouldn't do a job. . . 36. I ought to do a job. .( 37. I don't mind doing a job. )

.(

. 38. I have to do a job. / 39. I don't have to do a job. / 40. I had to do a job. / 41. I didn't have to do a job. / 42. I will have to do a job. . 43. I won't have to do a job. . 44. I need to do a job. ( 45. I needn't to do a job. 45. I don't need to do a job. . 46. He seems to be doing a job. . 47. He doesn't seem to be doing a job. . 48. He seemed to be doing a job. . 49. He didn't seem to be doing a job. ) .

50. Doing a job is useful. ( ) 51. Useless doing a job. . 52. It is better to do a job. .

53. I had better do a job. . 54. I made him do a job. . 55. I didn't make him do a job.

56. To do a job I am going to America.

57. I used to do a job. . 58. Shall I do a Job? ? 59. Lets do a job. . 60. I feel like doing a job. . 61. I don't feel like doing a job. . 62. I felt like doing a job. . 63. I didn't feel like doing a job. . 64. I have been doing a job. / 65. I had been doing a job. / 66. I see him doing a job. . 67. I don't see him doing a job. . 68. I saw him doing a job.

. 69. I didn't see him doing a job. . 70. If I do a job, I will get experience. . 71. If I don't do a job, I won't get experience. . 72. If I had done a job, I would have got experience. .( 73. It is time I did a job. . : "do a job" "doing a job" 'ing' . "ing" . Verb with + ing: 2, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 31, 37, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69. : speak in English speaking in English. Homework: 10 73 . . 1. I speak in English. . 2. I write a letter. . . . . )

. 3. I play cricket. . 4. I fill up the form. . 5. I go to school. . 6. I do my homework. . 7. I read a book. . 8. I travel by bus. . 9. I look for a job. . 10. I ride a bike. .

"speak in English" : I speak in English. . I am speaking in English. . I spoke in English. . I didn't speak in English. . I will speak in English. . ( . Long Forms = Sort Forms Do + not = Dont ) . 73

Does + not = Doesnt Did + not = Didnt Will + not = Wont Was + not = Wasnt Were + not = Werent Can + not = Cant Could + not = Couldnt Have + not = Havent Has + not = Hasnt Had + not = Hadnt Need + not = Neednt Must + not = Mustnt Should + not = Shouldnt Would + not Wouldn't

. Grammar Patterns 2 Grammar Patterns 3 73 ) , . . (

. . . . . , . ,

" ." . " . , "

. , " " . . . . . . . .

"Well Begun is Half Done "

. !

HK Arun

- 2 (Grammar Patterns 2)
. " , I am . "Third Person Singular" . 1, 7, 8, 13, 16, 18, 27, 37, 38, 39, 56, 60, 61, 64, 71 . . "speak in English" . (I) , , He spoke in English " " (He) . , He wiil speak in "He speaks in English " " "is " -1" .

He, She, It

English -

" .

73

..
Aangilam Grammar 2...

speak in English 1. He speaks in English. . 2. He is speaking in English. . 3. He spoke in English. . 4. He didn't speak in English. . 5. He will speak in English. . 6. He wont speak in English. . 7. Usually he doesn't speak in English. . 8. He is not speaking in English. . 9. He was speaking in English. . 10. He wasn't speaking in English. . 11. He will be speaking in English. . 12. He wont be speaking in English. . 13. He is going to speak in English. .

14. He was going to speak in English. . 15. He can speak in English. 16. He is able to speak in English. . 17. He cant speak in English. 18. He is unable to speak in English. . 19. He could speak in English. 20. He was able to speak in English. . 21. He couldn't speak in English. 22. He was unable to speak in English. . 23. He will be able to speak in English. . 24. He will be unable to speak in English. . 25. He may be able to speak in English. . 26. He should be able to speak in English. . 27. He has been able to speak in English. / . 28. He had been able to speak in English. / . 29. He may speak in English. 30. He might speak in English. 31. He may be speaking in English. . 32. He must speak in English. .( / )

33. He must not speak in English. ( . 34. He should speak in English. .( 35. He shouldn't speak in English. .( . 36. He ought to speak in English. .( 37. He doesn't mind speaking in English. . 38. He has to speak in English. / 39. He doesnt have to speak in English. / 40. He had to speak in English. . 41. He didnt have to speak in English. . 42. He will have to speak in English. . 43. He wont have to speak in English. . 44. He needs to speak in English. . 45. He needn't to speak in English. 45. He doesn't need to speak in English. . 46. He seems to be speaking in English. . 47. He doesn't seem to be speaking in English. . ) ) ) )

48. He seemed to be speaking in English. . 49. He didn't seem to be speaking in English. . 50. Speaking in English is useful. ( ) 51. Useless speaking in English. ( ) 52. It is better to speak in English. . 53. He had better speak in English. . 54. He made her speak in English. . 55. He didn't make her speak in English. . 56. To speak in English.He is practicing. . 57. He used to speak in English. . 58. Shall I speak in English? ? 59. Lets speak in English. . 60. He feels like speaking in English. . 61. He doesn't feel like speaking in English. . 62. He felt like speaking in English. . 63. He didn't feel like speaking in English.

. 64. He has been speaking in English. / 65. He had been speaking in English. / 66. I see him speak in English. . 67. I dont see him speak in English. . 68. I saw him speak in English. . 69. I didn't see him speak in English. . 70. If he speaks in English, he will get a good job. . 71. If he doesn't speak in English, he wont get a good job. . 72. If he had spoken in English, he would have got a good job. , .( 73. It is time he spoke in English. . : 1. . "s" "Third Person Singular" s, es . Third Person Singular "He, She, It: Infinitive + e, es" 2. "speak in English" . "speaking in He, She, It "He speaks in English" " . "speak" . )

English"

Verb with + ing: 2, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 31, 37, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69. "ing" . : speak in English speaking in English. Homework: He drives a car. . She goes to school. . Sarmilan gets up early morning. . Nithya comes to the office. . He apologizes with her. . My mother opens a current account. . 73 . , (Spoken English) . , . , . .

"ing"

. , . , . !

3 (Grammar Patterns 3)
Grammar Patterns -1, Grammar Patterns -2 Grammar Petterns -3 . Grammar Patterns -1 "Grammar Patterns 3" . . Grammar Patterns -2 . 73 ,

I "First Person Singular" Grammar Patterns -2 . Grammar Patterns -3 "We,They, You "You / "Plural" " /

"am"

Grammar Patterns -1 . "is"

He, She, It " Third Person Singular"

"You"

"Second Person Singular" , "are" , "We / "are" / . /

, They -

. "Grammar Patterns 3" school" 13, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 56, . "go to school" . "are" "We are going to 2, 8, 9, 10,

.
Aangilam Grammar 3...

1. We go to school. . 2. We are going to school. . 3. We went to school. . 4. We didn't go to school. . 5. We will go to school. . 6. We wont go to school. . 7. Usually we dont go to school. . 8. We are not going to school. . 9. We were going to school.

10. We weren't going to school. . 11. We will be going to school. . 12. We wont be going to school. . 13. We are going to go to school. . 14. We were going to go to school. .

15. We can go to school. 16. We are able to go to school. . 17. We cant go to school 18. We are unable to go to school. . 19. We could go to school. 20. We were able to go to school. . 21. We couldn't go to school. 22. We were unable to go to school. . 23. We will be able to go to school. . 24. We will be unable to go to school . 25. We may be able to go to school. . 26. We should be able to go to school. . 27. We have been able to go to school / . 28. We had been able to go to school. / . 29. We may go to school. 30. We might go to school. 31. We may be going to school . 32. We must go to school. .( 33. We must not go to school. . / )

.( 34. We should go to school. .( 35. We shouldn't go to school.

. ( 36. We ought to go to school. .( 37. We dont mind going to school. . 38. We have to go to school. . 39. We dont have to go to school. . 40. We had to go to school. / 41. We didnt have to go to school. / 42. We will have to go to school. / 43. We wont have to go to school. / 44. We need to go to school. / 45. We needn't to go to school. 45. We don't need to go to school. / 46. He seems to be going to school. . 47. He doesn't seem to be going to school. . 48. He seemed to be going to school. ) )

. 49. He didn't seem to be going to school. . 50. Going to school is useful. ( ) 51. Useless going to school. ( 52. It is better to go to school. . 53. We had better go to school. / 54. We made him go to school. . 55. We didn't make him go to school. . 56. To go to school we are ready. . 57. We used to go to school . 58. Shall we go to school? / 59. Lets go to school. . 60. We feel like going to school. . 61. We dont feel like going to school. . 62. We felt like going to school. . 63. We didn't feel like going to school. . ) .

64. We have been going to school. / 65. We had been going to school. / 66. We see him going to school. . 67. We dont see him going to school. . 68. We saw him going to school. . 69. We didn't see him going to school. . 70. If we go to school, we will get good results. , 71. If we dont go to school, we wont get good results.

. 72. If we gone to school, we would have got good results. . ( 73. It is time we went to school. . Home work: 1. We pray. . 2. We learn English. . 3. We watch movie. . 4. We listen to songs. . 5. We have lunch. . 73 . )

. 73 . . aangilam.blogspot.com "ing" . Verb with + ing: 2, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 31, 37, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69. Example: We pray We are praying. . . ,

. . !

4 (Simple Present Tense)

Grammar Patterns 1, Grammar Patterns 2, Grammar Patterns 3 73 . 73 . Grammar Patterns 1 , . "I do a job"

1. I do a job . "I do a job" Simple Present Tense Present Simple Tense . .

"Simple Present Tense"" . Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb 1. I/ You/ We/ They + __ + do a job. 2. He/ She/ It + __ + does a job. "Auxiliary verb" " . Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb 1. Do + I/ you/ we/ they + do a job? 2. Does + he/ she/ it + do a job. "Auxiliary verb" Do/ Does . . . . "Subject"

.
.m...

1 Do you do a job? ? Yes, I do a job , No, I dont do a job. (do + not) , Do you speak in English? ? Yes, I speak in English. , No, I dont speak in English. (do + not) , Do you go to school? ? Yes, I go to school. , . . .

No, I dont go to school. (do + not) , Do you love me? ? Yes, I love you. , No, I dont love you. (do + not) , I( / . 50 ) / / / "

. . "You, We, They /

. .

1. I wake up too early every day . 2. I brush my teeth twice a day. . 3. I have a bath. . 4. I have breakfast. . 5. I travel by bus. . 6. I go to school. . 7. I go to Kowloon Park every Sunday. . 8. I read a book. . 9. I write an article. . 10. I like chocolate ice-cream.

. 11. I pay the loan. . 12. I borrow some books from my friend. . 13. I leave from class. . 14. I try to go. . 15. I have a rest. . 16. I answer the phone. . 17. I watch a movie. . 18. I worry about that. . 19. I drive a car. . 20. I read the news paper. . 21. I play football. . 22. I boil water. . 23. I have some tea. . 24. I do my homework. . 25. I deposit money in the bank. .

26. I wait for you. . 27. I operate the computer. ( 28. I follow a computer course. . 29. I practice my religion. . 30. I listen to news. . 31. I speak in English. . 32. I prepare tea. . 33. I help my mother. . 34. I celebrate my birthday. . 35. I enjoy Tamil songs. . 36. I negotiate my salary. . 37. I change my clothes. . 38. I go to market. . 39. I choose a nice shirt. . 40. I buy a trouser. . 41. I love Tamil. . )

42. I remember this place. . 43. I take a transfer. ( ) 44. I renovate the house. . 45. I give up this habit. ( 46. I fly to America. ( 47. I solve my problems. . 48. I improve my English knowledge. . 49. I practice English at night. . 50. I dream about my bright future. ( 2 " 1" 50 . 50 He / She / It . : He/ She/ It Singular" . Infinitive + e, es Grammar Patterns 2 . : . "Third Person s, es He/ She/ It ). ) .

He does a job. She does a job. It does a job. He speaks in English She speaks in English. It speaks in English. "Third Person Singular" . Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb 2. Does + he/ she/ it + do a job? "Auxiliary verb" "Subject" . Does he do a job? ? Yes, he does a job , . No, he doesnt do a job. (does + not) , Does he speak in English? ? Yes, he speaks in English. , No, he doesnt speak in English. (does + not) , Does she go to school? ? Yes, she goes to school. , . No, she doesnt go to school. (does + not) , : He ' ' .

. .

. . .

'Does'

She ' It ' ' . : He/ She/ It - makes a coffee - (make) He/ She/ It - thinks about that (think) He/ She/ It - loves ice-cream. (love) Suvethine makes a coffee. Sarmilan loves his motherland. Cat thinks about rat. : y .( : try - tries worry - worries s, x, z, ch, sh, 0" es : do - does go - goes have - has ('have' 'has' (Signal Words) : always often usually sometimes .) . ) ies . . . ' .

seldom never every day every week every year on Monday after school " . Where do you live? ? I live in Hong Kong. . , " . . . . . " . (diagrams) 1 " . . , " ?"

-2 , . 2

. !

5 (Present Continuous Tense)

73 Grammar Patterns 1, Grammar Patterns 2, Grammar Patterns 3 . . . . " . 1"

I am doing a job. . " . . . " (Present Continuous Tense) ,

, ( . ?" . What are you doing? . ) "

? What are you doing now? ? , . . . , . "Practical Training" , .

Positive (Affirmative) Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb with ing 1. I + am + doing a job 2. He/ She/ It + is + doing a job. 3. You/ We/ They + are + doing a job. (Subject) . Form . Negative Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + Main verb with ing 1. I + am + not + doing a job 2. He/ She/ It + is + not + doing a job. 3. You/ We/ They + are + not + doing a job. Question (Interrogative) Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb with ing 1. Am + I + doing a job? 2. Is + he/ she/ It + doing a job? 3. Are + you/ we/ they + doing a job? "Subject" "Auxiliary verb " . "ing"

Are you doing a job? ?

Yes, I am doing a job. (Im) , No, I am not doing a job. (Im not) , Are you speaking in English? ? Yes, I am speaking in English. (Im) , No, I am not speaking in English. (Im not) , Are you going to school? ? Yes, I am going to school. (Im) , No, I am not going to school. (Im not) , .

. .

. .

50 . now?" . , .

. , "What are you doing

. .
...

1. I am doing a job. . 2. I am going to the bathroom. . 3. I am brushing my teeth. . 4. I am having a bath. . 5. I am having some tea.

. 6. I am dressing up. . 7. I am watching a movie. . 8. I am having breakfast. . 9. I am teaching at the university. . 10. I am writing a story. . 11. I am traveling by bus. . 12. I am painting my room. . 13. I am living in California . 14. I am working in the office . 15. I am doing my duty. . 16. I am operating a computer. . 17. I am driving a car. . 18. I am asking some questions with them. . 19. I am sharing my lunch. ( 20. I am working as a team. . ) .

21. I am talking with my friends. . 22. I am praying for you. ( ) 23. I am waiting for you. . 24. I am coming back home. . 25. I am having a body wash. ( ) 26. I am changing my clothes. . 27. I am having a cup of coffee. . 28. I am reading the newspaper. . 29. I am walking in the street. . 30. I am smoking cigarette. . 31. I am listening to music. ( 32. I am cracking jokes with others. . 33. I am playing football. . 34. I am answering the phone. . 35. I am having a rest. . 36. I am studying for the exam. . ).

37. I am reading a book. . 38. I am watching an English film. . 39. I am thinking about that. . 40. I am preparing tea. . 41. I am rectifying mistakes. . 42. I am writing an article. . 43. I am translating English to Tamil. . 44. I am improving my English knowledge. . 45. I am having dinner. ( 46. I am singing a song. . 47. I am doing my homework. . 48. I am practicing my English. ( 49. I am praying now. . 50. I am sleeping. . 50 . 2 ) . ) .

Positive Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb with ing 2. He/ She/ It + is + doing a job. Negative Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + Main verb with ing 2. He + She/ It/ is + not + doing a job? Question Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb with ing 2. Is + he/ she/ It + doing a job? 1 . . : Is he doing a job? ? Yes, he is doing a job. (hes) , No, he is not doing a job. (isnt) , Is she going to school? ? Yes, she is going to school. (shes) , No, she is not going to school. (isnt) , Is it working? ? Yes, it is working. (its) , No, it is not working. (isnt) , . . . . . . 50 50 He / She / It

Its It + is Its

sort form

It's

It + was Its been It + has been

sort form

It's

sort form " It's" "been"

It's been

.( .)

Its Its " 3

"

50

you, we, they .

Positive Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb with ing 3. You/ We/ They + are + doing a job. Negative Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb with ing 3. You/ We/ They + are + not + doing a job Question. Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb with ing 3. Are + you/ we/ they + doing a job? : Are they doing a job? ? Yes, they are doing a job. (theyre) , No, they are not doing a job. (arent) , Are they speaking in English? ? Yes, they are speaking in English. (theyre) , No, they are not speaking in English. (arent) , Are we going to school? ? Yes, we are going to school. (Were) , No, we are not going to school. (arent) . . . . .

, (Present Continuous)

. .

. 1. At the time of speeches : : I am reading a book at the moment. ( ( 2. Temporary Situations : At school, we are studying about classical languages in the week. . " " " . 3. Planned activities (Future Reference) : I am coming tomorrow. . . . ." " "I am coming" " " , . " " " .) : ).

tomorrow " . For Future Reference: tomorrow next week

"

4. To describe repeated action : : My brother always interrupting me when I study. . (Signal words) now at the moment today this week ! .

. . !

6 (Grammar Patterns 4)
Grammar Patterns 1, 2, 3 . " , form . " (Pronoun) " , . 32 "to be" ; 73 " (Noun)

" , , . (Types of Nouns) (Pronouns) Sarmilan is a Manager. . ( . . " , ... , , ... , ... . " " " (He is a Manager. . .
Grammar Patterns 4...

"

, . .

) " " " , ... , ... ". " .

" . " ) . "

Practice the following Grammar Patterns daily. 1. He is a Manager. . ( 2. He can be a Manager . . 3. He was a Manager. . 4. He would have been a Manager )

. 5. He may be a Manager . 6. He may have been a Manager . 7. He will be a Manager. . 8. He must be a Manager. . 9. He must have been a Manager. . 10. He seems to be a Manager. . 11. He doesn't seem to be a Manager. . 12. He seemed to be a Manager. . 13. He didn't seem to be a Manager. . 14. He has to be a Manager. ( 15. He should be a Manager. ( 16. He ought to be a Manager. . 17. He doesnt have to be a Manager. ( ) 18. He neednt be a Manager. . 19. He has been a Manager. /

20. He had been a Manager. / 21. He had to be a Manager. . 22. He didnt have to be a Manager. . 23. He must not be a Manager. ( ) . 24. He shouldnt be a Manager. . . 25. He won't be a Manager. . 26. He can't be a Manager. . . 27. He could have been a Manager. . 28. He should have been a Manager. . 29. He ought to have been a Manager. . 30. He needn't have been a Manager. . 31. He shouldn't have been a Manager. . 32. He being a Manager, he knows the work.

. Homework:

32

She is a nurse. . He is a teacher. . She is a domestic helper. .( Karunanithi is a Chief Minister. . Donald Tsang is a chief executive of Hong Kong. . : "is" . She is a nurse. She _____ a nurse. She _______ a nurse : Sarmilan is a Manager. . . ." , " " , " . : Sarmilan is a Manager. .( .( ) ) ." , . " . , )

Sarmilan was a Manager. . Sarmilan will be a Manager. . . .

. . !

HK Arun

7 (have/ have got)

Grammar Patterns 1, 2, 3 (Noun) 32 " . Have work." . , , . Grammar Patterns . , Grammar Patterns 1 . . " 23 , , . "I have , " . (Verb) . (have) 73 . Grammar Patterns 4

. Practice the following Grammar Patterns Daily 1. I have work. 2. I have got work. . 3. I dont have work. 4. I haven't got work. . 5. I had work. . 6. I didn't have work. . 7. I may have work. 8. I might have work. 9. I may be having work. . 10. I must have work. . 11. I should have work. . 12. I ought to have work. . 13. I must be having work. . 14. I could have had work. . 15. I should have had work. . 16. I may have had work. . 17. I must have had work. .

18. I would have had work. . 19. I shouldn't have had work. . 20. I needn't have had work. . 21. I will have work. . 22. I won't have work. . 23. I wish I had work. . Homework: " 23 1. I have an interview . 2. I have money . 3. I have a Tamil dictionary . 4. I have a kind heart. . 5. I have two brothers and three sisters . 6. I have fever. . 7. I have cough and cold. . 8. I have a beautiful house . 9. I have a car . 10. I have pass port. . " , .

/ . :

"a" .

"an" Use a/an - Vowels and Consonant

"have" . . ,

have ,

1. "Possession" : Does he have a car? ? Do you have a beautiful house? ? 2. "Relationships" : How many brothers do you have? ? 3. "Illnesses" : Do you have fever? ? Do you have cough and cold? ? 4. "Characteristics" Do you have an interview? ? , : :

Do you have a kind heart? ? , , "have got" . I have work. I have got work. , , "Have" .

" . have/ have got .

"

: "have got" "get" Past Tense/Past Participle , "got" "got" .

have, have got . Do you have a cold? Have you got a cold? Yes, I have a cold. Yes, I have got a cold. Do you have a house in the country? Have you got a house in the country? Yes, I have a house in the country. Yes, I have got a house in the country. Do you have any brothers or sisters? Have you got any brothers or sisters? No, I dont have any brothers or sisters. No, I havent got any brothers or sisters. ! . . . . " "

. . !

8 (there is)
7 got" "there is" . "have" . . There is + " 22 " . "Well begun is half done" " . " . " . . There is a book. . There is not a book. (isnt) . There are books. .( / Plural) " 01 " . " . "there is" " , " " " . "have/have

There are not books. (arent) .( / Plural)

There can be a book. . There can't be a book. . There will be a book. . There won't be a book. . There was a book. . There would have been a book. . There were books .( There must be a book. ( ) There must have been a book. .( There may be a book. . There may have been a book. . There has to a book. . There have to be books. .( There should be a book. . There ought to be a book. . There has been a book. / There had been a book. / There have been books. / . / Plural) ) / Plural)

.(

/ Plural)

Home work:
There is a book on the table. (3, 4, 11, 17, 22 Plural)

There is an election in the USA .(3, 4, 11, 17, 22 Plural)

There are two classical languages in India. (1, 2, 9, 16, 20 Singular) . There are 1652 languages in India. (1, 2, 9, 16, 20 Singular) 1652 .

There are 6760 languages in the world. (1, 2, 9, 16, 20 Singular) 6760 .

There are hundred of vegetable items in the market. (1, 2, 9, 16, 20 Singular) .

:
3, 4, 11, 17, 22 (Plural) . 1, 2, 9, 16, 20 (Singular) .

(Have / There is)

have , . there is : I have a book. . " . " . " " " . " "

"There is a book on the table." " ? ." " .

" ? . ." . "

:
Here There Here and there "There" "There is +" ! " . . " " .

. . !

(Irregular verbs)
"Irregular verbs" . " . "Irregular verbs" http://aangilam.page.tl/Irregular-verbs.htm . . . 10"

irregular vers.mp3

"Irregular verbs" . , . (Past Tense)

. "Passive Voice" . . "Irregular verbs"

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, , English listening Practice, through Tamil, in Tamil, with Tamil, English irregular verbs with Tamil Explanation. HK Arun English Irregular verbs listening practice in T

10 (Simple Past Tense)

Grammar Patters 1 . 3, 4 . 73 .

3. I did a job 4. I didnt do a job. . . Tense" . . "Simple Past Tense" . Positive (Affirmative) Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb I/He/She/It/You/We/They + __ + did a job. . "Simple Past Tense" "Past Simple

"Subject" (Auxiliary verb) " . "

Negative Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + Main verb I/He/She/It/You/We/They + did + not + do a job Question (Interrogative) Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb Did + I/he/she/it/you/we/they + do a job? , (Auxiliary verb . , . : Did you do a job?

"Subject"

? Yes, I did a job , No, I didnt do a job. (did + not) , Did you speak in English? ?

. .

Yes, I spoke in English. , No, I didnt speak in English. (did + not) , Did you go to school? ? Yes, I went to school. , . No, I didnt go to school. (did + not) ,

. 1. I answered the phone

2. I studied English for ten years. . 3. I applied for vacancies.

4. I forgave him. . 5. I travelled by MTR. MTR 6. I came back last Friday. . 7. I asked for an increment. ( / 8. I bought a car. . .( )

9. I wrote an article. . 10. I borrowed money from Sarmilan. . 11. I lent a book to Ravi. / 12. I cracked jokes with others. . 13. I boiled water. . 14. I got wet. . 15. I gave priority to my works. . 16. I got confrontation with my Boss. . 17. I got an appointment. . 18. I got into the bus. . 19. I got a loan from the bank. . 20. I read Thinakkural News paper. . 21. I escaped from the danger. . 22. I studied in Jaffna. . 23. I ironed my clothes. . 24. I invited my friends.

. 25. I deposited money to the bank. . 26. I born in 1998. 1998 27. I played football.

28. I introduced her to my family. . 29. I inquired about this. . 30. I informed to police. . 31. I learned driving in Hong Kong.

32. I met Kavitha yesterday . 33. I married in 1995. 1995 34. I played Guitar. . 35. I visited Thailand last year. ( ) 36. I opened a current account. . 37. I sent a message. . 38. I paid in Installments. ( 39. I taught English. . .

40. I went to university. . 41. I repaid the loan. . 42. I arrived ten minutes ago. . 43. I lived in Bangkok for two years. . 44. I worked very hard. . 45. I left from home. . 46. I sang a song. . 47. I practiced English last night. . 48. I forgot her. . 49. I decorated my house. . 50. I wrote a letter to my mother. . Homework: 1: They Subject + Main verb + I spoke in English. You spoke in English. He spoke in English. She spoke in English. It spoke in English. . . . . I( ) . . You, He, She, It, We,

We spoke in English. They spoke in English. 2: 50 . .

. . 4 "verb" , . Irregular verbs

3:

'

'

' . .

'

. : , . . 1. Regular verbs - with regular verbs + ed 2. Irregular verbs - The past form for irregular verbs is variable. You need to learn it by heart. 1. Regular verbs ed : I played cricket I visited Japan last year I watched TV last night Study . : I studied English. "y" - ied .

Live, Love -d :

" e" .

I lived in Australia for two years. 2. Irregular verbs . . I I I I I fell off a horse yesterday. went to school taught English wrote a letter slept yesterday [Simple Past - Signal words] yesterday Last night/ week/ year/century A month ago In 2007 In the past Irregular verbs Irregular verbs .

. .

. .

(Pronunciation) "regular verbs" . . Agreed Loved g d d ed .

Judged Begged Cleaned -

d d d ( D) .

Stopped - /t/ Laughed - /t/ Washed - /t/ Watched - /t/ Talked - /t/ ( t) Needed Collected ( ! d d d d) . . .

11 (Simple Future Tense)

Grammar Patterns -1 . .

1 " . .

"

. 5. I will do a job . .( )

6. I wont do a job. (will + not) . 5, 6 , , . Positive (Affirmative) Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb I /You /He /She /It / We / You /They + will + do a job. . Negative Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + Main verb I /You /He /She /It /You /We /They + wont + do a job Question (Interrogative) Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb Will + I /you /he /she /it /you /we /they + do a job? "Auxiliary verb" . . "Simple Future Tense" , . Form "will" .

"Subject"

"Subject"

. . Will you do a job? ? Yes, I will do a job , No, I wont do a job. (will + not) , Will you speak in English? ? Yes, I will speak in English. , No, I wont speak in English. (will + not) , Will you go to school? ? Yes, I will go to school. . .

, . No, I wont go to school. (will + not) ,

. . , . . 1. I will open the door. . 2. I will apply for vacancies. . 3. I will speak in English fluently. .( 4. I will ask for an increment. ( / 5. I will ask for a transfer. . 6. I will celebrate my birthday. . 7. I will consult Dr. Sivaram. ( ) 8. I will control my temper. . 9. I will negotiate the auto charges. . 10. I will stop smoking. . ) , .

11. I will help him. . 12. I will open a current account. . 13. I will obey your rules and regulations. . 14. I will pick up this work. . 15. I will resign from the job. . 16. I will correct the mistakes. . 17. I will play football. . 18. I will do my duty. . 19. I will follow a computer course. . 20. I will forget her. . 21. I will solve problems. . 22. I will speak English in the office . 23. I will go to university. . 24. I will translate English to Tamil. . 25. I will give up these habits. . 26. I will study for the exam. .

27. I will do my homework. . 28. I will become stronger. . 29. I will become chief executive of Hong Kong. . 30. I will become prime minister of India. . 31. I will take treatment for my hand. . 32. I will introduce him to you. . 33. I will untie this knot. . 34. I will build my dream house. / 35. I will co-operate with others. . 36. I will discuss about this problem. . 37. I will drop you in Vavuniya junction. . 38. I will buy a bens car. . 39. I will bank the money. . 40. I will come up in my life. . 41. I will draw salary US$ 100,000 monthly. . 42. I will fly to America. .

43. I will go to Europe. . 44. I will invite my friends for festival. . 45. I will improve my English knowledge. . 46. I will practice English at night. . 47. I will become wealthy. . 48. I will get married after few months. . 49. I will become chief executive. . 50. I will become famous in the world. . Homework: A. You, He, She, It, We, You, They . B. . C. (Simple Future Tense) , , . "will" 50

, . .

. , . . , "Spoken English"

. "I am speaking in English" " ( , . BBC . BBC Business English (Pronounciation) . , . . ) . . " ,

"short form" . Affirmative short form I will - I'll You will - You'll He will - He'll

. "short form"

She will - She'll It will - It'll We will - We'll You will - You'll They will - They'll Negative short forms "Sort Forms" . I will not - I'll not - I won't You will not - You'll not - You won't He will not - He'll not - He won't She will not - She'll not - She won't It will not - It'll not - It won't We will not - We'll not - We won't You will not - You'll not - You won't They will not - They'll not - They won't wont want - " will + not " .( : .) . (Short form of will + not)

: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Future will Future going to Present continuous used as future. Future Continuous Future perfect simple Future perfect continuous Future will . . Future "will" . 1. , , .

I will come tomorrow. He will work with us. I will win. 2. I think the Indian cricket team will win the match. . I think you will like her . 100% . . . ( "Future prediction" ) . . "will" probably, possibly, I think, I hope. 3. "will" . I will be there on time. ( . . .

(promise) )

.(

I promise, I will be there on ti me, dont worry. ,

"

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. . . ( ( .) 13 . 11,000 (23 2008) .( . 2008 PKP "1000" . Traffic Statistics . . . 6 ) 27 21,000 ) . . ,

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HK Arun

12 (Past Continuous Tense)

Grammar Patterns 1 . 2,Grammar Patterns 3 9. I was doing a job. . 10. I wasn't doing a job. . Continuous Tense" " "Past Progressive Tense" " . , 1 Patterns" . . . . "Grammar . . "Past . 9 10 Grammar Patterns

9, 10 I, He, She, It, . You, We, They . Positive (Affirmative) Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb + ing I /He /She /It + was + doing a job. You / We /They + were + doing a job. 'Subject' Negative Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + Main verb + ing I /He /She /It + wasnt + doing a job You /We /They + werent + doing a job Question (Interrogative) Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb + ing "were" . "was"

Was + I /he /she /it + doing a job? Were + you /we /they + doing a job? , Subject . "

Auxiliary verb " "

"

. . Were you doing a job? ? Yes, I was doing a job. , No, I wasnt doing a job. (was + not) , Was he speaking in English? ? Yes, he was speaking in English. , No, he wasnt speaking in English. (was + not) , Were you going to school? ? Yes, we were going to school. , No, we werent going to school. (were + not) , (Affirmative Sentences) . . 1. I was reading a book. . 2. I was looking for a job. . 3. I was studying. . 4. I was watching television. . . 25 . . .

. 5. I was making dinner. ( 6. I was waiting in the bus stand. . 7. I was waiting for you. . 8. I was talking with my fiance / 9. I was snowboarding. . 10. I was driving through the desert. ( ) 11. I was sitting at the class room. . 12. I was listening to the news. . 13. I was discussing with my father. . 14. I was complaining to police . 15. I was listening to my iPod. . 16. I was sleeping last night. . 17. I was writing the email. . 18. I was working at the factory. . 19. I was eating bread. . . ) .

20. I was playing soccer. . 21. I was walking on the street. . 22. I was singing in the concert. . 23. I was wearing a full sleeves shirt. . 24. I was walking past the car. . 25. I was eating ice-cream. . Homework: 1. 25 , . 2. 25 . (I/ He/ She/ It were + verb with ing 3. ? . . , . . , , .) , , He, She, It, You, We, They . was + verb with ing . You/ We/ They

Past Continuous Tense . (There are five main uses of this tense) :

1. . : I was reading a book yesterday evening. . ? , .

. (Action or situation that had already started and was still continuing at a particular time.) 25 . The sun was shining this morning. . The birds were singing. . The children were playing in the garden. . -1 .

2.

, .

Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner. 6.PM , At midnight, we were driving through the desert. , Yesterday at this time, I was talking with my family. , -2

3. . ,

always, constantly , , . "used to" .) : . (Used to

She was always coming to class late. . Karuna was always irritating me. . I didnt like him because, He was constantly talking. , ( . -3 1, 2, 3 . 4. . (two actions were happening at the same time.) : Malathi was writing a letter while Pandian was reading the News paper. . Sothiya was cooking dinner while her friend was setting the table. . The baby was crying while we were having our dinner. . .

I was studying while she was making dinner. ( . People were sleeping while army was shelling. . -4 5. . . (use the Past Continuous tense with the Past Simple tense) : I was walking in the park ( ( ) ) when it started to rain. , )

I was walking in the park when it started to rain. . I was brushing my teeth when my mother called me. . I was eating dinner when somebody knocked on the door ( Ravi was sleeping last night when someone stole his car. . I was walking past the car when it exploded . I was having a beautiful dream when the alarm clock rang. . -5 ) .

While, When

1: Malathi was writing a letter while Pandian was reading the News paper. .

Malathi was writing a letter . while ( ) ( )

Pandian was reading the News paper. . ? . " " 2: I was walking in the park when it started to rain. . . I was walking in the park when it started to rain ? . " ." . ( ) . .

"background situation"

: . I was studying while she was making dinner. While I was studying, she was making dinner. I was walking past the car when it exploded. When the car exploded, I was walking past it. Adverb always, only, never, ever, still, just . She was coming to class late. . " " . ,

She was always coming to class late. . Signal words while when ! . , . . . .

" "

" "

. .

Download As PDF

(Computer Acronyms)
, . . , . . "Cc" . "Bcc" . "Cc, Bcc" , . . Cc - Carbon Copy Bcc - Blind Carbon Copy "RAM, PDF" . RAM - Random Access Memory PDF - Portable Document Format ? ,

.
Computer Terms.mp3

ACL - Access Control List ADC - Analog-to-Digital Converter

ADF - Automatic Document Feeder ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line AGP - Accelerated Graphics Port AIFF - Audio Interchange File Format AIX - Advanced Interactive Executive ANSI - American National Standards Institute API - Application Program Interface ARP - Address Resolution Protocol ASCII - American Standard Code for Information Interchange ASP - Active Server Page or Application Service Provider ATA - Advanced Technology Attachment ATM - Asynchronous Transfer Mode BASIC - Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code Bcc - Blind Carbon Copy BIOS - Basic Input/Output System Blob - Binary Large Object BMP - Bitmap CAD - Computer-Aided Design Cc - Carbon Copy CCD - Charged Coupled Device CD - Compact Disc CD-R - Compact Disc Recordable CD-ROM - Compact Disc Read-Only Memory CD-RW - Compact Disc Re-Writable CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access CGI - Common Gateway Interface CISC - Complex Instruction Set Computing CLOB - Character Large Object CMOS - Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor CMYK - Cyan Magenta Yellow Black CPA - Cost Per Action CPC - Cost Per Click CPL - Cost Per Lead CPM - Cost Per 1,000 Impressions CPS - Classroom Performance System CPU - Central Processing Unit CRM - Customer Relationship Management CRT - Cathode Ray Tube CSS - Cascading Style Sheet CTP - Composite Theoretical Performance CTR - Click-Through Rate DAC - Digital-to-Analog Converter DBMS - Database Management System DDL - Data Definition Language DDR - Double Data Rate DDR2 - Double Data Rate 2 DHCP - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DIMM - Dual In-Line Memory Module DLL - Dynamic Link Library DMA - Direct Memory Access DNS - Domain Name System DOS - Disk Operating System DPI - Dots Per Inch

DRAM - Dynamic Random Access Memory DRM - Digital Rights Management DSL - Digital Subscriber Line DSLAM - Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer DTD - Document Type Definition DV - Digital Video DVD - Digital Versatile Disc DVD+R - Digital Versatile Disc Recordable DVD+RW - Digital Versatile Disk Rewritable DVD-R - Digital Versatile Disc Recordable DVD-RAM - Digital Versatile Disc Random Access Memory DVD-RW - Digital Versatile Disk Rewritable DVI - Digital Video Interface DVR - Digital Video Recorder ECC - Error Correction Code EDI - Electronic Data Interchange EIDE - Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics EPS - Encapsulated PostScript EUP - Enterprise Unified Process FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions FIFO - First In, First Out FiOS - Fiber Optic Service FLOPS - Floating Point Operations Per Second FPU - Floating Point Unit FSB - Frontside Bus FTP - File Transfer Protocol GIF - Graphics Interchange Format GIGO - Garbage In, Garbage Out GIS - Geographic Information Systems GPS - Global Positioning System GPU - Graphics Processing Unit GUI - Graphical User Interface GUID - Globally Unique Identifier HDMI - High-Definition Multimedia Interface HDTV - High Definition Televsion HDV - High-Definition Video HFS - Hierarchical File System HSF - Heat Sink and Fan HTML - Hyper-Text Markup Language HTTP - HyperText Transfer Protocol HTTPS - HyperText Transport Protocol Secure I/O - Input/Output ICANN - Internet Corporation For Assigned Names and Numbers ICF - Internet Connection Firewall ICMP - Internet Control Message Protocol ICS - Internet Connection Sharing ICT - Information and Communication Technologies IDE - Integrated Device Electronics or Integrated Development Environment IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IGP - Integrated Graphics Processor IM - Instant Message IMAP - Internet Message Access Protocol InterNIC - Internet Network Information Center

IP - Internet Protocol IPX - Internetwork Packet Exchange IRC - Internet Relay Chat IRQ - Interrupt Request ISA - Industry Standard Architecture ISCSI - Internet Small Computer Systems Interface ISDN - Integrated Services Digital Network ISO - International Organization for Standardization ISP - Internet Service Provider IT - Information Technology IVR - Interactive Voice Response JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group JRE - Java Runtime Environment JSP - Java Server Page Kbps - Kilobits Per Second KDE - K Desktop Environment KVM Switch - Keyboard, Video, and Mouse Switch LAN - Local Area Network LCD - Liquid Crystal Display LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access Protocol LED - Light-Emitting Diode LIFO - Last In, First Out LPI - Lines Per Inch LUN - Logical Unit Number MAC Address - Media Access Control Address MANET - Mobile Ad Hoc Network Mbps - Megabits Per Second MCA - Micro Channel Architecture MIDI - Musical Instrument Digital Interface MIPS - Million Instructions Per Second MP3 - MPEG-1 Audio Layer-3 MPEG - Moving Picture Experts Group MTU - Maximum Transmission Unit NAT - Network Address Translation NetBIOS - Network Basic Input/Output System NIC - Network Interface Card NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol NOC - Network Operations Center NTFS - New Technology File System OASIS - Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards OCR - Optical Character Recognition ODBC - Open Database Connectivity OEM - Original Equipment Manufacturer OLAP - Online Analytical Processing OLE - Object Linking and Embedding OOP - Object-Oriented Programming OSPF - Open Shortest Path First P2P - Peer To Peer PC - Personal Computer PCB - Printed Circuit Board PCI - Peripheral Component Interconnect PCI-X - Peripheral Component Interconnect Extended PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory Card International Association

PDA - Personal Digital Assistant PDF - Portable Document Format PHP - Hypertext Preprocessor PIM - Personal Information Manager PMU - Power Management Unit PNG - Portable Network Graphic POP3 - Post Office Protocol PPC - Pay Per Click PPGA - Plastic Pin Grid Array PPI - Pixels Per Inch PPL - Pay Per Lead PPM - Pages Per Minute PPP - Point to Point Protocol PPTP - Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol PRAM - Parameter Random Access Memory PROM - Programmable Read-Only Memory PS/2 - Personal System/2 QBE - Query By Example RAID - Redundant Array of Independent Disks RAM - Random Access Memory RDF - Resource Description Framework RDRAM - Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory RFID - Radio-Frequency Identification RGB - Red Green Blue RISC - Reduced Instruction Set Computing ROM - Read-Only Memory RPC - Remote Procedure Call RPM - Revenue Per 1,000 Impressions RSS - RDF Site Summary RTE - Runtime Environment RTF - Rich Text Format RUP - Rational Unified Process SAN - Storage Area Network SATA - Serial Advanced Technology Attachment SCSI - Small Computer System Interface SD - Secure Digital SDRAM - Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory SDSL - Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line SEO - Search Engine Optimization SERP - Search Engine Results Page SIMM - Single In-Line Memory Module SKU - Stock Keeping Unit SLI - Scalable Link Interface SMART - Self-Monitoring Analysis And Reporting Technology SMB - Server Message Block SMS - Short Message Service SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol SNMP - Simple Network Management Protocol SO-DIMM - Small Outline Dual In-Line Memory Module SOA - Service Oriented Architecture SOAP - Simple Object Access Protocol SQL - Structured Query Language SRAM - Static Random Access Memory

SRGB - Standard Red Green Blue SSH - Secure Shell SSID - Service Set Identifier SSL - Secure Sockets Layer TCP - Transmission Control Protocol TFT - Thin-Film Transistor TIFF - Tagged Image File Format TTL - Time To Live TWAIN - Toolkit Without An Informative Name UDDI - Universal Description Discovery and Integration UDP - User Datagram Protocol UML - Unified Modeling Language UNC - Universal Naming Convention UPnP - Universal Plug and Play UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply URI - Uniform Resource Identifier URL - Uniform Resource Locator USB - Universal Serial Bus VCI - Virtual Channel Identifier VDU - Visual Display Unit VFAT - Virtual File Allocation Table VGA - Video Graphics Array VLB - VESA Local Bus VLE - Virtual Learning Environment VoIP - Voice Over Internet Protocol VPI - Virtual Path Identifier VPN - Virtual Private Network VRAM - Video Random Access Memory VRML - Virtual Reality Modeling Language WAIS - Wide Area Information Server WAN - Wide Area Network WEP - Wired Equivalent Privacy Wi-Fi - Wireless Fidelity WPA - Wi-Fi Protected Access WWW - World Wide Web XHTML - Extensible Hypertext Markup Language XML - Extensible Markup Language XSLT - Extensible Style Sheet Language Transformation Y2K - Year 2000 ZIF - Zero Insertion Force

14 (Future "going to")

Grammar Patterns -1 . " "

1 " " .

. 13. I am going to do a job. .

: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Future will Future going to ( ) Present continuous used as future Future continuous Future perfect simple Future perfect continuous going to "going to" ( , . (Going to is not a tense. It is a special expression to talk about the future.) going to 1. . (planned actions in the future) : I am going to buy a new car tomorrow. . 2. , ( , : Look at that cloud. I think it is going to rain. . ) (something is going to happen in the future) . . ) .

Positive (Affirmative) Subject + Auxiliary verb + going to + Main verb 1. I + am + going to + do a job 2. He/ She/ It + is + going to + do a job. 3. You/ We/ They + are + going to + do a job. Negative Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + going to + Main verb 1. I + am + not + going to + do a job 2. He/ She/ It + is + not + going to + do a job. 3. You/ We/ They + are + not + going to + do a job. Question (Interrogative) Auxiliary verb + Subject + going to + Main verb 1. Am + I + going to + do a job? 2. Is + he/ she/ It + going to + do a job? 3. Are + you/ we/ they + going to + do a job? Subject . First Person Singular, Third person Singular, Second Person Singular and Plural . 1 Are you going to do a job? ? Yes, I am going to do a job. (Im) , No, I am not going to do a job. (Im not) , Are you going to speak in English? ? Yes, I am going to speak in English. (Im) , . No, I am not going to speak in English. (Im not) , . Are you going to learn English grammar through Tamil? ? Yes, I am going to learn English grammar through Tamil. (Im) , . No, I am not going to learn English grammar through Tamil. (Im not) , . . .

"Auxiliary verb " "going to"

2 Is he going to do a job? ? Yes, he is going to do a job. (hes) , No, he is not going to do a job. (isnt) , Is she going to go to school? ? Yes, she is going to go to school. (shes) , No, she is not going to go to school. (isnt) , Is it going to rain? ? Yes, it is going to rain. (its) , . No, it is not going to rain. (isnt) , 3 Are they going to do a job? ? Yes, they are going to do a job. (theyre) , No, they are not going to do a job. (arent) , Are they going to speak in English? ? Yes, they are going to speak in English. (theyre) , . No, they are not going to speak in English. (arent) , Are we going to win? ? Yes, we are going to win. (were) , No, we are not going to win. (arent) , . . . . . . . .

Affirmative Sentences . 1. I am going to sing at the party. . 2. I am going to see him today evening. . 3. I am going to have lunch with my customer. ( ) 4. I am going to fly to Germany . 5. I am going to go on vacation. ( 6. I am going to see what he can do. ( 7. I am going to talk in the meeting. . 8. I am going to visit PKPs blog. PKP 9. I am going to buy a BMW car. BMW 10. I am going to help to Sensolai. . 11. I am going to write an English grammar book. . 12. I am going to go swimming. . 13. I am going to paint the house . 14. I am going to paint my bedroom tomorrow. . 15. I am going to miss the train. . ) .

. 16. I am going to tell history of Tamil. . 17. I am going to help to people. . 18. I am going to get down meals from canteen. . 19. I am going to watch a movie . 20. I am going to climb that mountain one day .( 21. I am going to leave from Sri Lanka. . 22. I am going to start our own business. . 23. I am going to make jam . 24. I am going to play golf with Sarmilan . 25. I am going to win the world. . Homework: 1. 25 . 2. He, She, It, You, They, We . 3. . 4. . . )

Good idea, I am going to bring some vine. , ( ) .

I think it is going to rain. . Look at this car! It is going to crash into the tree. ! He is going to become a dentist when he grows up. . What are you going to do when you get your degree? ( What kind of jam are you going to make? ? -1: 1. , . , . : I read a book. . I am reading a book. . I am going to read a book. .( -2: .) , , . . ,

"going to go" . she is going to go to school. (She going to school) . : , .

"going"

. (Going to go' can be shortened to 'going.)

"gonna" gonna . . ('going to' is often shortened to 'gonna', especially in "going to"

American English.) : Are you going to go soon? Are you gonna go soon?

HK Ar

15 (was/were going to)

Grammar Patterns -1 . " " " 1 " . am/is/are going to . was/were going to 14. I was going to do a job. . . . . , .

( Future in the Past : .

) . The

I was going to visit to Tamil Nadu, but I couldn't get a visa. ( ) . I was going to watch a movie, but there wasn't enough time. , . ( , . Positive (Affirmative) Subject + Auxiliary verb + going to + Main verb 1. I/ He/ She/ It + was + going to + do a job. 2. You/ We/ They + were + going to + do a job. ) .

Negative Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + going to + Main verb 1. I/ He/ She/ It + was + not + going to + do a job. 2. You/ We/ They + were + not + going to + do a job. Question (Interrogative) Auxiliary verb + Subject + going to + Main verb 1. Was + I/ he/ she/ it + going to + do a job? 2. Were + you/ we/ they + going to + do a job? Subject . First Person Singular and Third person Singular, Second Person Singular and Plural . (Listening Practice)
Future in the Past...

"Auxiliary verb " "going to"

1 Was I going to do a job? ? Yes, I was going to do a job. , . No, I was not going to do a job. (wasnt) , Was he going to go to school? ? Yes, he was going to go to school. , . No, he wasnt going to go to school. (was + not) , Was she going to learn English? ? Yes, she was going to learn English. , . No, she wasnt going to learn English. (was + not) , . 2

Were you going to do a job? ? Yes, you were going to do a job. , . No, you werent going to do a job. (were + not) , . Were we going to speak in English? ? Yes, we were going to speak in English. , . No, we werent going to speak in English. (were + not) , . Were they going to learn English grammar? ? Yes, they were going to learn English grammar. , . No, they werent going to learn English grammar. (were + not) , . Affirmative Sentences . 1. I was going to join the military. . 2. I was going to tell a lie. . 3. I was going to die in the accident. . 4. I was going to fly to Canada . 5. I was going to go on vacation. .

6. I was going to say my love. . 7. I was going to send a SMS. . 8. I was going to go to university.

. 9. I was going to buy a BMW car. BMW 10. I was going to wash the dishes. . 11. I was going to write my autobiography. . 12. I was going to go swim in the sea. . 13. I was going to play in the playground

14. I was going to buy a motorcycle. . 15. I was going to miss the bus. . 16. I was going to fight with them. . 17. I was going to waste my time. . 18. I was going to seek political asylum in Thailand. . 19. I was going to watch a movie . 20. I was going to go to the party

21. I was going to join the gym. . 22. I was going to die in Sri Lankan air raid . 23. I was going to kill him .

24. I was going to take some photos . 25. I was going to travel around the world. .( Homework: 1. . 2. He, She, It, You, They, We . 3. , . . 4. . ( , , , ) 25 )

I was going to visit my uncle in Point Pedro last year, but I couldn't get the pass. , .( ) I was going to wash the dishes, but there wasn't enough time. , ( I was going to rent a motorbike but I rented a car instead. ( . I was going to take some photos but I forgot my camera. ( ) . )

I was going to go to Kowloon park but I had homework to do at home. . :

(Forms) , , , . went . ,

16 (can /be able to)

Grammar Patterns -1 . 15, 16, 17, 18 . " " 1. 15. I can do a job. 16. I am able to do a job. . 17. I can't do a job. 18. I am unable to do a job. . . ,

15, 16 . . can + able to . , "can" " + able to" ( . / )

, . be able to .

, can

. -1 ----------------------------------------------------------------Can . (Can is an auxiliary verb, a modal auxiliary verb) . 1. ) 2. 3. Positive (Affirmative) Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb 1. I / He/ She/ It/ You/ We/ They + can + do a job. Negative Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + Main verb 1. I/ He/ She/ It/ You/ We/ They + can + not + do a job. Question (Interrogative) Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb 1. Can + I/ he/ she/ it/ you/ we/ they + do a job? . They "Can" . (Can is invariable. There is only one form of can.) . Can you do a job? ? I, He, She, It, You, We, , / (

Yes, I can do a job. , No, I cant do a job. (can + not) , Can you speak in English? ( ? Yes, I can speak in English. , . Sorry, I cant speak in English. (can + not) , Can I smoke in this room? (

. . )

. ) ?

Yes, you can smoke in this room. , Sorry, you cant smoke in this room. (can + not) , ) :

. .(

"bare infinitive" . "to" . (The main verb is always the bare infinitive. 'infinitive without "to").

"can" . : Can you come with me today? ? Yes, I can come with you today. ,

.(

Sorry. I cant. But I can come with you tomorrow. , . ( )

tomorrow . 2 ----------------------------------------------------------------can ( / ) . . + able to . Positive (Affirmative) Subject + be + able + infinitive 1. I + am + able + to + do a job 2. He/ She/ It + is + able + to + do a job. 3. You/ We/ They + are + able + to + do a job. Negative Subject + be + able + infinitive 1. I + am not + able + to + do a job 2. He/ She/ It + is not + able + to + do a job. 3. You/ We/ They + are not + able + to + do a job. Question (Interrogative) Be + Subject + able + infinitive 1. Am + I + able + to + do a job? 2. Is + he/ she/ It + able + to + do a job? 3. Are + you/ we/ they + able + to + do a job? . . Are you able to do a job? ? Yes, I am able to do a job. , , Are you able to speak French? ? Yes, I am able to speak French. , . ) . + able to

+ able to

No, I am unable to do a job. (am not able to

. )

No, I am unable to speak French. (am not able to

, Are you able to drive heavy vehicles?

? Yes, I am able to drive heavy vehicles , , : + able to , . . . Be able to . (be able to has an infinitive form) I + can He/ She/ It + can You/ We/ They + can I + am able to He/ She/ It + is able to You/ We/ They + are able to . (Listening Practice) ---------------------------------------------------------------. . to , . + able to , , . ) .

No, I am unable to drive heavy vehicles. (am not able to

Aangilam.blog.mp3

1. I can drive a car. I am able to drive a car.

2. I can swim in the sea. I am able to swim in the sea. . 3. I can play tennis. I am able to play tennis.

. 4. I can speak five languages I am able to speak five languages . 5. I can use my credit card. I am able to use my credit card ( 6. I can change my email ID. I am able to change my email ID. . 7. I can hear your heartbeat. I am able to hear your heartbeat. . 8. I can get USA citizenship I am able to get USA citizenship. USA )

9. I can upload a game to my ipod. I am able to upload a game to my ipod. . 10. I can imagine I am able to imagine . 11. I can see clearly now I am able to see clearly now. . 12. I can save images from the Internet I am able to save images from the Internet . 13. I can download Tamil movies I am able to download Tamil movies . 14. I can practice my religion freely. I am able to practice my religion freely. .( 15. I can believe it I am able to believe it. )

. 16. I can become a pilot I am able to become a pilot . 17. I can change my template I am able to change my template. . 18. I can become a famous lawyer I am able to become a famous lawyer . 19. I can become an astronaut I am able to become an astronaut . 20. I can buy new products I am able to buy new products

21. I can do it alone. I am able to do it alone. . 22. I can walk slowly I am able to walk slowly . 23. I can tolerate it I am able to tolerate it . 24. I can practice English at night I am able to practice English at night

25. I can learn English in aangilam.blogspot.com. I am able to learn English in aangilam.blogspot.com. aangilam.blogspot.com Homework: 1. . 2. 25

3.

He, She, It, You, They, We .

4.

" .

" " . . "

. . Engliah Grammar Explanation through Tamil. Free Tamil - English

" , ." : (Polite Form) . Polite and More Polite . can .

17 (could, was/were able to)

19, 20, 21, 22 (could, was/were able to) . " " 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5 . ,

, , . 19. I could do a job. 20. I was able to do a job. . 21. I couldn't do a job. 22. I was unable to do a job. (wasn't able to) . can, am/is/are able to could, was/were able to could able to . . -1

, .

. "could"

was/were able to" . was/were

Positive (Affirmative) Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb 1. I / He/ She/ It/ You/ We/ They + could + do a job. Negative Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + Main verb 1. I/ He/ She/ It/ You/ We/ They + could + not + do a job. Question (Interrogative) Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb 1. Could + I/ he/ she/ it/ you/ we/ they + do a job? I, He, She, It, You, We, They "Could"

. (Could is invariable; there is only one form of could.) . Could you do a job? ? Yes, I could do a job. , No, I couldnt do a job. (could + not) , Could you come last night? . .

? Yes, I could come last night. , . No, I couldnt come last night. (could + not) , 2

could was/were able to . + able to . Positive (Affirmative) Subject + be + able + infinitive 1. I/ He/ She/ It + was + able + to + do a job. 2. You/ We/ They + were + able + to + do a job. Negative Subject + be + able + infinitive 1. I/ He/ She/ It + was not + able + to + do a job. 2. You/ We/ They + were not + able + to + do a job. Question (Interrogative) Be + subject + able + infinitive 1. Was + I/ he/ she/ It + able + to + do a job? 2. Were + you/ we/ they + able + to + do a job? . . Were you able to do a job? ? Yes, I was able to do a job. , , Were they able to speak five languages? ? Yes, they were able to speak five languages. , . No, they were unable to speak five languages. (were not able to) , . could to . was/were able . ) .

No, I was unable to do a job. (was not able to

. (You can use either "could or was/were able to" describe a general ability (but not a specific achievement) in the past.) . 1. I could swim when I was 5 years old. I was able to swim when I was 5 years old. . 2. I could run the 100 meter race very well. I was able to run the 100 meter race very well. 100 ( ) 3. I could see the sun rise every morning. I was able to see the sun rise every morning. . 4. I could sing very well when I was a child. I was able to sing very well when I was a child. . 5. I could draw pictures. I was able to draw pictures . 6. I could ride a bike when I was six. I was able to ride a bike when I was six. ( 7. I could drive my car yesterday I was able to drive my car yesterday. . 8. I could take photographs I was able to take photographs . 9. I could climb tree. I was able to climb tree. . 10. I could read when I was five. I was able to read when I was five. ( Homework: 1. 10 ). )

. 2. 3. He, She, It, You, They, We . 4. . " " . . . 5. . When we were staying at the hotel, we could see the sun rise every morning. When we were staying at the hotel, we were able to see the sun rise every morning. ( ) , ( ) . , .

My brother could drive cars when he was 10 years old. My brother was able to drive cars when he was 10 years old. ( ).

When I was living in Point Pedro, I could walk to work. When I was living in Point Pedro, I was able to walk to work. , .

could or was/were able to . , was/were able to . (You must use was/were able to to describe a special achievement or a single event in the past.) ( : could" .)

A man fell into the river yesterday. The police were able to save him. A man fell into the river yesterday. The police could save him. X - ( , . couldnt . able to' OR 'couldn't' are both correct.) : Sarmilan wasn't able to drive his car yesterday.V Sarmilan couldn't drive his car yesterday.V . : 1.

v(
)

was/were able to . (In the negative,' wasn't

can, - am/is/are able to could, - was/were able to .

2 . could, - was/were able to . was/were able to 3. . could .

: could

"bare infinitive" "to"

. (The main verb is always the bare infinitive; 'infinitive without "to".) 5, "be able to" . (be able to has an infinitive form.) 6. ) to" : She managed to delete the virus from her computer. . (If it was something difficult we use "managed to".) ( "managed to

/ . : "Could" . . . Polite and More Polite

18 (Polite and More Polite)

16 . can /be able to can am/is/are able to . 15. I can do a job. 16. I am able to do a job. . 17. I can't do a job. 18. I am unable to do a job. . can am/is/are able to 17 was/were able to 19. I could do a job. 20. I was able to do a job. . 21. I couldn't do a job. 22. I was unable to do a job. (wasn't able to) . can can . . could

could . can / could could are modal auxiliary verbs) + able to . + able to Can More Polite form .. ,... (Request, Permission) : Can you help me, please? ? (" .) . . Polite Form . . Can I ask you a question, please? , Could

, (Can and . . . Polite form . , . . . . ,.

"

? . , . ! could . Could you help me, please? ? Could I ask you a question, please? ? Can, Could ?

, . ! . . can could

can ,

, . "More Polite" . .

, Could

Polite and More Polite 1. Can you speak in English, please? Could you speak in English, please? / 2. Can you make a cup of tea for me, please? Could you make a cup of tea for me, please? ? 3. Can you help me, please? Could you help me, please? / 4. Can I ask a question, please? Could I ask a question, please? ? 5. Can you tell me what time it is, please? Could you tell me what time it is, please? ? 6. Can I have some advice, please? Could I have some advice, please? ? 7. Can you send me a catalogue, please? Could you send me a catalogue, please? ? 8. Can you tell me where the bank is, please? Could you tell me where the bank is, please? ?

? 9. Can I have your opinion, please? Could I have your opinion, please? ? 10. Can you wait a moment, please? Could you wait a moment, please? ? 11. Can I ask something personal, please? Could I ask something personal, please? ? 12. Can I have a glass of water, please? Could I have a glass of water, please? ? 13. Can I have your name, please? Could I have your name, please? ? 14. Can you spell your name, please? Could you spell your name, please? ? 15. Can I smoke in this room, please? Could I smoke in this room, please? ? 16. Can you give some aspirin, please? Could you give some aspirin, please? ( 17. Can you lend me your news paper, please? Could you lend me your news paper, please? ? 18. Can I use your phone, please? Could I use your phone, please? ? 19. Can I borrow your dictionary? Could I borrow your dictionary? ? 20. Can I see your driving license, please? Could I see your driving license, please? )?

? 21. Can I speak to Sarmilan, please? Could I speak to Sarmilan, please? / 22. Can I have a kilo of apples, please? Could I have a kilo of apples, please? ? 23. Can I help you, Madam? Could I help you, Madam? ? 24. Can you help me with my homework? Could you help me with my homework? / 25. Can I have the bill, please? Could I have the bill, please? ? : "Polite and More Polite" , : Can I have the bill, please? Could I have the bill, please? Certainly sir. Ill just bring it. Can you help me, please? Could you help me, please? Of course I can. Sorry, I am just too busy. " : " . . ? ?

, . , .

, .

,"

"

. ( . . . . , and More Polite" . . "Polite . )

Good Morning! Thanks Thank you Can I help you? Excellent! Thank you How are you? I am fine, Thank you Excuse me Please sit down. Pleased to meet you. Welcome Let me show you the department Let me take your coat? Would you like cup of coffee? No, Thanks. . .

, , , . , , , , . . . Polite and More Polite , Polite language ,

. . Polite Language May I have . . . May I know . . . Might . . . Would you like . . . If you dont mind . . . Do you mind if . . . Excuse me, Please . . . "Polite Forms" Grammar Patterns 1 . ! . .

Polite and More

19 (will be able to)

Grammar Patterns -1 . . 23 24

1 . . " " .

(can, am/is/are able to +) 17 .

16 (could, was/were able to +)

. .

23. I will be able to do a job. . 24. I will be unable to do a job. . . (Simple Future Tense) . , . . , , "will be able to" (First, Second, Third person)

Positive (Affirmative) Subject + be + able + infinitive I /You /He /She /It / We / You /They + will be + able + to do a job. Negative Subject + be + not + able + infinitive I /You /He /She /It /You /We /They + wont be + able + to do a job Question (Interrogative) Be + subject + be able + infinitive Will + I /you /he /she /it /you /we /they + be able + to do a job? + be able to to . (be able to has an infinitive form) .

. Will you be able to do a job? ? Yes, I will be able to do a job. , No, I wont be able to do a job. (will + not) , Will you be able to speak perfect English very soon? ? Yes, I will be able to speak perfect English very soon. , No, I wont be able to speak perfect English very soon. , Will you be able to go to university next year? ? Yes, I will be able to go to university next year. , No, I wont be able to go to university next year. (will + not) , 25 .
aangilam.com 19.mp...

. .

. .

. . .

1. I will be able to study. . 2. I will be able to study both arts and sciences. . 3. I will be able to dance. . 4. I will be able to vote. . 5. I will be able to go to China. . 6. I will be able to improve my English knowledge. .

7. I will be able to speak in English. . 8. I will be able to become a chief executive. . 9. I will be able to pass the exam. . 10. I will be able to fly to Canada . 11. I will be able to vote via internet. . 12. I will be able to solve problems . 13. I will be able to become an IPS officer. IPS 14. I will be able to receive voice-mail. . 15. I will be able to come to New York. . 16. I will be able to get my land. . 17. I will be able to become famous in the world. . 18. I will be able to buy a submarine. . 19. I will be able to do my duty accurately. . 20. I will be able to marry next year. . 21. I will be able to swim in the sea. . 22. I will be able to solve problems.

. 23. I will be able to submit to the court. . 24. I will be able to demonstrate that. . 25. I will be able to win the world . Homework: A. You, He, She, It, We, You, They . B. 25 C. (will be able to) , . , . D. , . . . : . . , .

"short form" "short form" I will be able to

. . Ill be able to (wont be able to) .

wont !

will + not . .

(Parts of Speech)
, , . ; . , . (Words) . . , , , , , , , . . . (Parts of Speech in English) . . . , , ,

(Parts of Speech in English) Nouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs Pronouns Prepositions Conjunctions Interjections . Nouns , , . : Manager Car England Sarmilan Tamil He is a Manager. . Verbs . : Do Come Speak Ask Go I do a job. >>> / / /

. Adjectives , , / (

>>> / ) . .

: Red Yellow Big Small Beautiful She is a beautiful girl. . Adverbs / >>> /

. : Usually Really Immediately Quickly Softly Usually I do a job. . Pronouns / / ; . : >>> /

He She It him her Sarmilan speaks in English. . He speaks in English. . Prepositions >>>

. : in at on for since Do you work on Mondays? ? Conjunctions / >>> , , ,

. . : and but or than because I ate bread and butter.

. Interjections , . : Wow! Ha! Hi! hello! Oh! Wow! I won the match! !

>>>

>>>

Eight Parts of Speech in a Sentence

. Sarmilan goes to School. (Three Parts) Noun Verb Preposition Noun . Sarmilan and his sister go to school. (Five Parts) Noun Conjunction Pronoun Noun Verb Preposition Noun . Sarmilan and his little sister go to school. (Six Parts) Noun Conjunction Pronoun Adjective Noun Verb Preposition Noun . Wow! Sarmilan and his little sister go to school happily. (All Eight Parts of Speech) Interjection Noun Conjunction Pronoun Adjective Noun Verb Preposition Noun Adve rb ! . :

. , , . : ! . (Pars Of Speech in English) (Nouns) (Verbs) (Adjectives) (Adverbs) (Pronouns) (Prepositions) (Conjunctions) (Interjections) .

. !

(Types of Nouns)
, " , ? . .

. , ." " " " " " " ." ." . ", ", ", " ". " ."

." ." ." " " ",

. " ; ! . ? . "nouns "nmen" ( . (Nouns) , " " . , ) . " ? ".

"

. " "

, " "

. : Common Nouns Proper Nouns Countable Nouns Uncountable Nouns Collective Nouns Concrete Nouns Abstract Nouns Compound Nouns . Common Nouns , , " : bank = " . , . ,

school = city = shop = park = : pencil = book = chair = table = bag = : tiger = bear = fish = snake = dog = .

Proper Nouns , . . : London = Jaffna = California = Kilinochchi = Madurai = : Sarmilan = Surya = Tamilvaanan = , , " , , , , "

Kavitha = David = : Tamil = English = French = Chinese = Cantonese = : Hindu = Christian = Islam = Buddhist = Taoism = .

Countable Nouns -

, .

: apple = dollar = book = spoon = computer = . Uncountable Nouns -

" : love = /

"

water = happiness = smoke = milk = .

Collective Nouns ( " : army = class = gang = colony = school = . Concrete Nouns , . . . : tree = ball = nose = face = book = . Abstract Nouns , . " " " " ( ( / ) ( ) ) " ) .

. : skill = opinion = law = ego = peace = . Compound Nouns -

" . : blackboard = homeland = swimming pool = brother-in-law = haircut = ; . "Gerund Nouns", "Predicate Nouns", "Noun as Adjective" . . . : (Common Nouns) (Proper Nouns) (Countable Nouns) (Uncountable Nouns) (Collective Nouns) (Concrete Nouns) (Abstract Nouns)

 : .

(Compound Nouns)

(Pars Of Speech in English) (Nouns) (Verbs) (Adjectives) (Adverbs) (Pronouns) (Prepositions) (Conjunctions) (Interjections)

22 (may be able to)

Grammar Patterns 01 . 25. I may be able to do a job. . . , may be . , 25

+ able to . , be able to . , person) . Positive (Affirmative) , . , (First, Second, Third 17 . 16 may

"may be able to"

Subject + be + able + infinitive I /You /He /She /It / We / You /They + may be + able + to do a job. Negative Subject + be + not + able + infinitive I /You /He /She /It /You /We /They + may + not + be + able + to do a job Question (Interrogative) Be + subject + be + able + infinitive May + I /you /he /she /it /you /we /they + be able + to do a job? + be able to to . (be able to has an infinitive form) .

. May you be able to do a job? ( I may be able to do a job. / I may not be able to do a job. / May you be able to speak in English very soon? ( ) I may be able to speak in English very soon. / I may not be able to speak in English very soon. / May you be able to go to university? ( I may be able to go to university. / I may not be able to go to university. / 10 . 1. I may be able to go to Australia. . . ) ? . . . ) ? . .

? . .

2. I may be able to read novels in the hostel. . 3. I may be able to sing in the concert. . 4. I may be able to vote next year. . 5. I may be able to go to China. . 6. I may be able to return back home tomorrow. . 7. I may be able to buy an iPhone. . 8. I may be able to submit to the court. . 9. I may be able to demonstrate that. . 10. I may be able to marry next year. . Homework: A. You, He, She, It, We, You, They . B. 10 C. , , . D. . , . . . .

, . . . ( able (Adjective) . . able / / . Eat Able Eatable Love Able Loveable Use Able Usable Sale Able Salable / / / / / / / / . . ) . /

.( ! .

.)

(Countable Nouns & Uncountable Nouns)

, . . (Countable Nouns) . , . ( Countable nouns can be "counted".) , .

No: Countable Nouns 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 bookbookbookbookbook applesshuhashishi dog cat animal man person bottle box coin computer

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

shirt trouser cup plate spoon fork table chair bag carton bowl calendar house people
: . ? ? : ! . , , ,

a book, two books, three books. an apple, two apples, three apples . (Countable nouns can be singular or plural.) book books apple apples . My dog is playing.

My dogs are playing. , with countable nouns) My wife is a Doctor. Sarmilan is an English Teacher. , , , , , (Some, any, a few, may) (a/ an)

. (We can use the indefinite article a/an

. (We can use some, any, a few, many with countable nouns.) I need to buy some new trousers Have you got any pens? I've got a few dollars. I haven't got many pens. (Uncountable Nouns)

Mass Nouns :

. (Uncountable nouns cannot be counted.) .

No: Uncountable Nouns 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 adviceadviceadviceadvice bread sshuhashishi rice sugar sand flour powder dust jelly oil / ( / ) /

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

water juice milk gas butter music furniture coffee wet messy rain knowledge electricity power news

. (We usually treat uncountable nouns as singular.) : Milk . , . . a liter of milk a bottle of milk , , ; ,

, . : a glass of water two glass of water three glass of water ? , , ( ( ( ) ) )

. . .

water, wine, sugar, cheese, meat, butter, ketchup, mustard, rice, etc., a glass of water a bottle of wine a spoon of sugar a jug of water a slice of cheese a chunk of cheese a piece of cheese a piece of meat a slice of meat a pound of meat a bar of butter a bottle of ketchup a tube of mustard a kilo of rice a plate of rice , ? .

. . .(

, ,

, .) :

1.

(a/ an)

. (They do not take a/an before them.) 2. . . . Usually I have two coffees a day. . . , . . (Here coffees refers to the number of cups of coffee.) . Usually I have two cups of coffee a day. ( . . Can/Could I have some coffee, please? Can/Could I have a cup of coffee, please? ) (two coffees)

. , . , .

3. some, any, a little, much . I have got some money. Have you got any rice? I have got a little money. I haven't got much rice. 4. , . (Some uncountable nouns in English are countable in other languages including Tamil. ) . . Accommodation advice baggage bread equipment furniture garbage information knowledge luggage money news progress research travel work , , . . , , , ( , , , , ) ; , , , , , / /

, . : accommodation - a place to stay advice - a piece of advice baggage - a piece of baggage bread - a slice of bread, a loaf of bread equipment - a piece of equipment furniture - a piece of furniture garbage - a piece of garbage information - a piece of information knowledge - a fact luggage - a piece of luggage, a bag, a suitcase money - a note, a coin news - a piece of news research - a piece of research, a research project travel - a journey, a trip work - a job, a position ! .

. (Types of Nouns) .

24 (should be able to)

Grammar Patterns -1 . . 26

1 . 26. I should be able to do a job. . . , (should) , . should

+ able to . , . . am/is/are able to was/were able to may be able to "should be able to" Positive (Affirmative) Subject + be + able + infinitive I /You /He /She /It / We / You /They + sould + be able + to do a job. Negative Subject + be + not + able + infinitive I /You /He /She /It /You /We /They + should + not + be able + to do a job Question (Interrogative) Be + subject + be able + infinitive Should + I /you /he /she /it /you /we /they + be able + to do a job? : 1. , . 2. + be able to 3. . (be able to has an infinitive form) to . , , (First, Second, Third person) "should be able to" . (should be able to) ( )

. Should you be able to do a job? ? Yes, I should be able to do a job.

, No, I shouldnt be able to do a job. , Should you be able to speak perfect English very soon?

. .

? Yes, I should be able to speak perfect English very soon. , No, I shouldnt be able to speak perfect English very soon. , . 10 . 1. I should be able to go to university. . .

2. I should be able to speak perfect English very soon. . 3. I should be able to improve my English knowledge. . 4. I should be able to become a chief executive. . 5. I should be able to practice English every day. . 6. I should be able to go tomorrow ( 7. I should be able to change my name. )

8. I should be able to answer. . 9. I should be able to build a house . 10. I should be able to publish an English grammar book. . Homework:

A.

You, He, She, It, We, You, They .

B. 10 c. , "Should be able to" . .

(Question) . ? ? ( . " . : Should you be able to buy a ticket on the train? ? Should you be able to take your gun to work? ? Should you be able to vote without your ID card? ? Should you be able to sell your kidneys on the open market? ? Should you be able to buy a piece of the moon? ? (Positive) . , " ) ,

: Madonna should be able to adopt a child. . Two things a man should be able to do. . I think I should be able to go tomorrow. . Muslims in Britain should be able to live under Sharia law. . You should be able to post comments anonymously without your ID. . (Negative) ) . : 5 things you shouldn't be able to buy on eBay. 5 Parents shouldn't be able to name kids whatever they want. ( / ) , (

You shouldnt be able to buy a piece of the moon. / User shouldn't be able to change the metadata file name. . Some people shouldn't be able to vote in Sri Lanka. ----------------------------------------------------------------! . . .

25 (Grammar Patterns 7)
Grammar Patterns -1 . . . . 27 ; (Grammar Patterns of Perfect Tense) . ( ) . 1. I have done a job. (Present Perfect) . 2. I have just done a job. ( ) 3. I had done a job. (Past Perfect) . 4. I had done a job long ago. ( 5. I wish I had done a job. . 6. I will have done a job. (Future Perfect) . 7. I have been doing a job. (Present Perfect Continuous) / 8. I had been doing a job. (Past Perfect Continuous) / ) . . Perfect Tense . 26 27

9. I will have been doing a job. (Future Perfect Continuous) ( ) 10. He may have done a job. . 11. He might have done a job. . 12. He must have done a job. . 13. He would have done a job. . 14. He could have done a job. . 15. He should have done a job. . 16. He shouldnt have done a job. (should + not) . .( / )

17. He neednt have done a job. (need + not) ( ) 18. He seems to have done a job. . 19. Having done a job I have got experience. .

10 , 19 . . 1. I have done .

. . .

2. I have written 3. I have chosen 4. I have worked 5. I have watched. 6. He has spoken 7. He has started. 8. She has cooked. 9. She has visited 10. She has walked -

. . . . . . . . .

"Perfect Tense" Participle" .

"Past

"Irregular verbs" .

Perfect Tense

. .

: . . Present Perfect Tense . : I have visited. . I have visited America several times. ,

, )

. .

.
. , . , .

26 (Present Perfect Tense)

Grammar Patterns 1 . Grammar Patterns 7 Grammar Patters 7 . . 1. I have done a job. (Present Perfect Simple) . . Present Perfect Tense . "Past Participle" . "Present Perfect Simple Tense" . . 26 Perfect Tense

. . .

. . .

, .

. (It is important if we have done it in our lives or not. It is not important when we did it.) . I, You, We, You, They She, It . Positive (Affirmative) Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb (Past participle) I/ You/ We/ They + have + done a job. He/ She/ It + has + done a job. (Auxiliary verb) "Past participle" Negative Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + Main verb (Past participle) I/ You/ We/ They + have + not + done a job. He/ She/ It + has + not + done a job. Question (Interrogative) Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb (Past participle) Have + I/ you/ we/ they + done a job? Has + he/ she/ it + done a job? Have/ Has Past participle . . 1 Have you done a job? ? "Subject" . have has , He,

(Third Person Singular)

Yes, I have done a job , No, I havent done a job. (have + not) , Has he lived here for 20 years?

. .

20 Yes, He has lived here for 20 years. , 20 No, He hasnt lived here for 20 years. (has + not) , 20 Have you seen Thesaththin puyalkal movie?

? . .

? Yes, I have seen Thesaththin puyalkal movie twenty times. , No, I havent seen Thesaththin puyalkal movie. (have + not) , 25 . 1. I have seen that movie many times. . .

. . .

2. I have met him once before. . 3. I have traveled by MTR . . 4. I have done my homework. . 5. I have been to England three times. . 6. I have come here many times . 7. I have worked here since 2002. 2002 8. I have studied two foreign languages . .

9. I have cured many deadly diseases. . 10. I have cleaned my room. . 11. I have seen that movie six times in the last month. . 12. I have been to Mexico in the last year. . 13. I have lived in Canada for five years . 14. I have worked at the University since 1999 1999 15. I have seen that girl before . 16. I have written some English Grammar lessons. . 17. I have worked here since June. . 18. I have written five letters. . 19. I have cooked dinner . 20. I have lived with my parents for over 10 years. 10 21. I have played outside for an hour. . 22. I have learned English since 1986. 1986 23. I have gone to the supermarket. . 24. I have played football. .

. 25. I have lived in that house for 2 years. 2 25

You/ we/ they/ He / She / It .

1. Actions which started in the past and are still continuing He has lived in America for five years. . (" ." .) , ( ) .( (He started living in America five years ago, and he's still living there now.) . )

( .) 2. Actions which happened at some unknown time in the past . . . . I have already seen that film. . ? .

( .) 3. Actions which happened in the past, but have an effect in the present

. ; . . ? ! ) I have lost my keys . . ( . .

( ( ( )) ), .

4. Recently completed action Grammar Patterns 7 . .( 2. I have just done a job. . ,( ) . )

.) : Present Perfect . : Have you cooked lunch? Yes, I have. No, I havent. (Signal Words of Present Perfect) Ever Never just Yet Already So far Up to now Recently, Since For not yet till now

Ever Have you ever been to Germany? ? Have you ever met him? ? Have you ever eaten Pizza? Z Has he ever talked to you about the problem? ? Never I have never been to Australia. . ?

I've never seen so many people like this. . He has never traveled by train. . ( Ever, Never .) Just I have just installed AVG anti-virus . For I have been an English teacher for more than five years. . Since I haven't seen Sarmilan since 2002. 2002 Yet He hasn't done it yet. . (Short Forms) I + have = Ive - ( ) ) ) ) .( .) . . Present Perfect Tense

You + have = youve - ( We + have = weve - ( They + have = Theyve - ( He + has = Hes - ( She + has = Shes - ( It + has = Its - ( He + is = Hes She + is = Shes It + is = Its ) ) )

He has, She has, It has .

Hes, Shes, Its

. He is, She is, It is . . ? "+ ing" . "Present Perfect" Past Participle : Present Continuous He is doing a job. - Hes doing a job. She is doing a job. - Shes doing a job. It is doing a job. - Its doing a job. Present Perfect He has done a job. - Hes done a job. (Past participle) She has done a job. - Shes done a job. (Past participle) It has done a job. - Its done a job. (Past participle) do - did - done done Past participle . Irregular verbs ! , . , . . . . Hes, Shes, Its

HK Arun Download As PDF

(English Pronouns)
. .

, " . . : Sarmilan will come to the class. "Pronouns" " ", " . " "

He will come to the class . ( ) . . : Subject Pronouns Object Pronouns Reflexive Pronouns Possessive Pronouns Demonstrative Pronouns Relative Pronouns Interrogative Pronouns Indefinite Pronouns , . .

. . Subject Pronouns . IYou He She ( )

It We You They : Kennedy spoke about genocide war in Sri Lanka. . He spoke about genocide war in Sri Lanka. . (Kennedy .) Object Pronouns . me you him her it us you them : I love her , ( , ) ( ) He , ( , )

Reflexive Pronouns

. myself yourself himself herself -

itself ourselves yourselves themselves : I cut my hair myself. ( Possessive Pronouns / ( .) ) . . mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs : This house is ours. , , ,

Adjective

my your his her its our your

their : This is our house.

. (Possessive - Adjective) This is our house. (Adjective) . This house is ours. (Possessive) . Demonstrative Pronouns

. This That These Those : This book is new but those books are old. . ( book books .) This is new but those are old. . Relative Pronouns , , , , ( ( ) ) ( ( ) )

. who whom that which

whoever whomever whichever : I told you about a woman who lives next door. .

. Interrogative Pronouns . Who What Where When Whom Which Whoever Whomever Whichever : Where did you go? ? Indefinite Pronouns

. all another every any some nothing several , ( ) , ,

each many few : Each of the members has one vote . Homework: , . . . . ! . . ,

28 (Present Perfect Continuous)

26 . . 64. I have been doing a job. / , . , "Present Perfect" . . 64 . . Present perfect Continuous Present Perfect Progressive Grammar Patterns 01

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Positive (Affirmative) Subject + Auxiliary verb + Auxiliary verb + Main verb with ing 1. I /You/ We/ They + have + been + doing a job 2. He/ She/ It + has + been + doing a job. "ing" . Negative Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + Auxiliary verb + verb with ing 1. I /You/ We/ They + have + not + been + doing a job 2. He/ She/ It + has + not + been + doing a job. Question (Interrogative) Auxiliary verb + Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb with ing 1. Have + I /you/ we/ they + been + doing a job? 2. Has + he/ she/ It + been + doing a job? . .

(Auxiliary verbs)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Have you been doing a job? / Yes, I have been doing a job. (Ive) , / No, I have not been doing a job. (Ive not, I havent been) , / . : . . ?" " / . 02. I am doing a job. . " " / . ?

? .

 64. I have been doing a job. /

, .

, " .( " / .) How long . for, since : How long have you been doing a job? ? I have been doing a job for 12 months. 12 How long have you been studying English? ? I have been studying English since 2002. (Ive) 2002 How long have you been staying in Hong Kong? ( ) I have been staying in Hong Kong for 6 years. ( ) . . . " / "

. .

? 6 .

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------( ) ,

(for, since) . . 1. I have been waiting here for two hours. . 2. I have been working at that company for three years. . 3. I have been doing for the last 30 minutes. /

30

4. I have been teaching at the university since June. ( 5. I have been waiting here for over two hours. . 6. I have been waiting for you for three hours. . ( 7. I have been watching too much television lately. . 8. I have been exercising lately. ( ) 9. I have been doing the work. . 10. I have been studying English for four years . 11. I have been living here since 1998. 1998 12. I have been working at BBC for three years BBC 13. I have been exporting to China since 1999. 1999 14. I have been studying for 3 hours. . . . .) ) .

15. I have been watching TV since 7pm. TV 7 16. I have been playing football for a long time.

. 17. I have been living in Bangkok since I left school. . 18. I have been standing here for over half an hour. . 19. I have been looking for a summer holiday job for two weeks. ( ) . 20. I have been writing novels since 1968. 1968 21. I have been getting good results over the last few years. . 22. I have been painting my house since last night. / . 23. I have been driving for 14 years ( ) .

14

24 . I have been reading this lesson for the past 10 minutes 10 24. I have been blogging since 2007 ( ) .

2007

25. I have been teaching at Hong Kong University for 6 years. 6 . Homework: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25 . He, She, It, You, We, They

. . How How How How How long long long long long have have have have have you you you you you been been been been been

staying in your country? going to school? working here? practicing English? .?

(Short Forms) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Positive Short forms I have been = I've been You have been = You've been We have been = We've been They have been = They've been He has been = He's been She has been = She's been It has been = It's been Negative Short forms . I have not been = I've not been / I haven't been You have not been = You've not been / You haven't been We have not been = We've not been / We haven't been They have not been = They've not been / They haven't been He has not been = He's not been / He hasn't been She has not been = She's not been / She hasn't been It has not been = It's not been / It hasn't been " " . : How long have you been studying English? ? I've been studying English for four years. . For four years. - " ." . , .

How long have you been living in Hong Kong? ? I've been living here since 2003. 2003 since 2003. - "2003 " . .

(Signal words) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------since for all week for days lately recently over the last few months : How long

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. . - 01 . (Actions beginning in the past and still continuing)

- 02

. (Action that has just stopped or recently stopped)

29 (Past Perfect Progressive)

Grammar Patterns 01 28 . Continuous" . 65. I had been doing a job. / . 29 . "Past Perfect Progressive" 29 "Past perfect

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Positive (Affirmative) Subject + Auxiliary verb + Auxiliary verb + Main verb with ing I / He/ She/ It/ You/ We/ They + had + been + doing a job "ing" Negative Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + Auxiliary verb + verb with ing I / He/ She/ It/ You/ We/ They + had + not + been + doing a job Question (Interrogative) Auxiliary verb + Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb with ing Had + I / He/ She/ It/ You/ We/ They + been + doing a job? (Auxiliary verbs) . . ; , . , , .

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Had you been doing a job? / Yes, I had been doing a job. (Id been) , / No, I had not been doing a job. (Id not been, I hadnt been) , / .

? .

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. ? " ? 09. I was doing a job. , . .( .) . ?

. .

. (Past Perfect Continuous to show that action started in the past and continued up until another time in the past.) ; . : How long have you been waiting? ? I have been waiting for two hours. .

; How long had you been waiting?

? ? I had been waiting for two hours. . ; . . ? ( . " . ? . . " ) . ?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. I had been waiting there for more than 45 minutes. 45 . 2. I had been working for over an hour. . 3. I had been standing all day in the school. . 4. I had been teaching at that university for three years . 5. I had been doing the work. . 6. I had been studying English for five years

. 7. I had been living there since 1997. 1997 8. I had been talking with Mr. Obama for over half an hour . 9. I had been driving for 10 years in Japan ( ) 10 10. I had been waiting in the Hong Kong airport for two hours . . I had been waiting in the airport for more than two hours when you arrived. . I had been talking with Mr. Obama for over half an hour before you arrived. .( .) I had been learning English for two years before I left for America. .( .) Grandma wanted to sit down because she had been standing all day in the hospital. .( .) Sarmilan was tired because he had been exercising so hard. . Homework: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------He, She, It, You, We, They . .

. . (Signal words) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------since for all day the whole day : How long : How long had you been doing a job in Singapore?

? I had been doing a job for 12 months. 12 How long had you been studying English? ? I had been studying English since 2005. (Id been) 2005 ) How long since . . for, .( .( )

(Short Forms) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Positive Short forms I had been = I'd been You had been = You'd been He had been = He'd been She had been = She'd been It had been = It'd been We had been = We'd been They had been = They'd been Negative Short forms

I had not been = I'd not been / I hadn't been You had not been = You'd not been / You hadn't been He had not been = He'd not been / He hadn't been She had not been = She'd not been / She hadn't been It had not been = It'd not been / It hadn't been We have not been = We'd not been / We hadn't been They have not been = They'd not been / They hadn't been (Diagram) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. (The diagram explain to you that Past Perfect Continuous to show that action started in the past and continued up until another time in the past.)

. .

(Passive Voice)
2010 (Passive Voice) , . (Object) Past Participle : Sarmilan is doing a job. . (The) Job is done by Sarmilan. . . (Subject) . .

. ( ! (Grammar Patterns) .) ; . .
Passive Voice.mp3

1. It is done. . 2. It is being done. . 3. It was done. . 4. It was being done. . 5. It will be done. . 6. It will be being done. . 7. It would be done. . 8. It would be being done. . 9. It is not done. . 10. It wasnt done. (was + not)

11. It won't be done. (will + not) . 12. It has been done. ( / 13. It has been being done. ( / 14. It had been done. (

15. It had been being done. ( / 16. It will have been done. ( 17. It will have been being done. ( 18. It is to be done. . 19. It was to be done. . 20. It is going to be done. . 21. It was going to be done. . 22. It can be done. . 23. It can't be done. . 24. It could be done. . 25. It couldn't be done. . 26. It must be done. ( ) 27. It must not be done. ( ) 28. It should be done. . 29. It shouldnt be done. . 30. It ought to be done.

. 31. It has to be done. . 32. It doesn't have to be done.

. 33. It had to be done. / 34. It didn't have to be done. / 35. It will have to be done. / 36. It wont have to be done. / 37. It need be done. . 38. It needn't be done. . 39. It may be done. . 40. It may have been done. . 41. It must have been done. . 42. It would have been done. . 43. It wouldn't have been done. . 44. It could have been done. .( 45. It should have been done. .( 46. It shouldn't have been done. .( 47. It ought to have been done. .( ) ) ) . . .

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. . 2. , .

3. 4. , 5.

, ( ) ...)

. ( , . (Passive Voice) ,

Hong Kong Island was occupied by British forces in 1841 1841 ( 1841 . .)

A young female Tamil journalist was arrested by the Police on suspicion. . ( Two decomposed bodies of Tamils were discovered on Friday. . Tamils were abducted by unidentified armed persons. . ( An university Tamil girl was kidnapped on December 31 morning. 31 ( 31 .) .)

. .)

Navanethem Pillay was appointed as new United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. . ( .) Barack Hussein Obama was elected President of the United States on 5 Nov 2008. 5 2008 (2008 5 .) Annathurai is considered an intellectual and a brilliant Tamil scholar. . ( .) " . , . " .

Homework: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10 47 47 . . . 1. Ravi is investigated by police. . 2. The Robot is made by Japan . 3. His interview is postponed . 4. She is appointed as Managing Director. ;

. . ,

5. My wallet is stolen. . 6. It is made . 7. Sitha is kidnapped by Iravanan. . 8. The letter is sent by post. . 9. The man is killed by Army. . 10. It is done by Government of Sri Lanka . Direct Object - Indirect Object ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. . . Direct Object: Direct Object Indirect Object . .

Ravi was investigated by police. . The Robot was made by Japan / Sitha was kidnapped by Iravanan. . The letter was sent by post. . The men was killed by Army. .( The window was broken by Sarmilan. . Indirect Object: http://aangilam.blogspot.com )

(Indirect Object) . . 1. . 2. . 3. .) Ravi was investigated. .( The Robot was made. .( .) Sitha was kidnapped. .( The letter was sent. .( The men was killed. .( The window was broken. , ,

. ,

.(

.)

.)

.( .) : http://aangilam.blogspot.com 1. (Passive Voice) . Grammar Patterns 01 . 2. . . 3. ( .) 2010 . , . : . , (URL) . , . . (Main Verb) Irregular verbs "Past Participle" ,

(Articles)
" . : the, a, an " . .

. Definite Article = Indefinite Articles = (Definite Article) . Specific The . . . : The car. ( / The book. ( / . (The) ,

The beautiful girl ( / )

. (Indefinite Articles) ,

( .

),

) ; ,

, .

"

", "

"

. a an : a car

( ) a book ( a beautiful girl ( a

.)

. , an

. . : He is an Indian . ( ) .

. There is a car. The car is fifty years old. . " . . . a , . : This is a book. The book is mine. . The " " " 50

50

There is a beautiful girl. The girl is my girlfriend. .

. (Zero Article) . Zero Article . : I like to drink water. . . ." , . I like to drink a water. I like to drink the water. : Define Article . Define Articles s . Define Article (The) " . .

(Definitions of Article) "Article" . " . Article: Article: article: Article: , : (Articles) (Use a/ an - Vowels and Consonant) ( .( ( ) ) ) . "

 , !

(The vs Thee) .

(Prepositions of Time)
?

+ .

.( : Subject + to be + Preposition + Noun/Pronoun The book is + on + the table. The letter is + under + your English book. " " . : (one word) I am staying at home. I spoke to her on wednesday morning. I bought this computer in the summer. (a group of word) The cat is on the left of the dog. The driver is in front of passengers. They are at the top of stairs. . (at home, on water), (in it, next to me), (noun phrase) ,

.)

(across from the tall

building)

. .

1. 2. 3.

(Time Prepositions) (Place Prepositions) (Direction Prepositions) . " . (Prepositions of Time) " , . . " , " , , " "

"at"

. (a specific time) . "at"

at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at

3 o'clock 9:00am noon dinnertime bedtime sunrise sunset the moment night midnight daybreak the weekend the same time present Chritmas/Easter

"in" "in" in in in in January February March April (Months) .

in in in in in in in in

May June July Augest September October November December (Season) .

"in" in in in in Spring Summer Winter Autumn

"the" "the" . in in in in the spring (in the springtime) the summer (in the summertime) the winter (in the wintertime) autumn (in autumntime) : "fall" "in" in 2008 in 1990 in 2009 in last year, in next year, in every year . . (Years) "autumn"

"autumn"

. last year next year every year "in" . in the morning in the afternoon in the evening (Times of the Day)

at night " .) "in" . " "at night" . (in night / in the night

in in in in in

the next century the Ice Age the past a few days a couple of months

"on" (Dates) , "in" on on on on January 3 January 3, 2001 25 Dec. 2010 15th Augest 2009 (Days of week) on on on on on on on Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday "on" . , . "on" .

on Saturday morning on Sunday afternoon on Monday evening (Holydays and Special days) "on" on on on on on on on Mother's day Velentine's day Christmas Eve/Day Independence Day New Year's Eve my birthday the first day of the school year at Christmas .

: .

"at Christmas" .

. . The stars shine at night

In England, it often snows in December. , Do you work on Mondays? ? I will be there after work.

I will be there around 3 pm 3 I will be there before I go to school. . I have been riding my bicycle for 2 hours. 2 I will be there during your class. ( I will be there for your birthday. ) . . .

I wasn't there for the past 2 months.

I didn't see her since I was 10 years old. . I will not be home until 7:00 PM. 7 I will be there within 2 hours. .

. (List of Prepositions) . : (List Of Prepositions) (Prepositions Of Time) (Prepositions Of Place) (Prepositions Of Direction) . .

. !

(Prepositions of Place)
" " . "Prepositions of Place" of Location" . ', . ("Place Prepositions" means where someone or something is) "at" . at home at work at the party at the corner at the top at the bus stop at the entrance / (a specific place) ' "Prepositions " . "

at the crossroads at the theater at the beach at the top of the page - ( at the end of the road "in" , . (a place that within boundaries) : in London " " . . . in a box in Hong Kong in New York in my pocket in my wallet in a building in a car in the garden in the swiming pool in the world "on" . . . on the wall on the table on the ceiling on the cover " ", " :" " " " " ", " ", ", " " . / ( ( ) ( ) ) ( ; .) " " )

on the floor on the carpet on the menu -

" . 01. Sarmilan is at home. ( )

" :

02. Kavitha is waiting for you at the bus stop. . 03. Do you work in an office? ? 04. Do you live in Hong Kong? ? 05. The book is on the table. . ( 06. Put it down on the table. . ( 07. She is aboard the boat. . ( 08. The picture is above the sofa. . 09. Last year we flew to New York ( 10. I usually go to work by bus. . 11. The desk is against the wall. . .) ) .)

12. I sit between Mayuran and Praba . 13. The woman is among all workers. , 14. The boy is among his friends. . 15. The passengers are behind the driver. . 16. The desk is below the window . 17. The car is outside the garage. . 18. There is a long line of people outside the theater. . 20. The post office is on the opposite side of the street. .

(at in - on) at home at work at school at university at college at the top at the bottom at the side at reception in a car - ( in a taxi in a helicopter in a boat in a lift (elevator) ) / / .

in the newspaper in the sky in a row on a bus - ( on a train on a plane on a ship on a bicycle on a horse on the radio on television on the left on the right on the way )

? " " . next to at the back of at the top of at the bottom of in fornt of in the corner of in the middle of on the left of on the right of on the corner of on top of on the side of on the other side of to the left of to the right of " " . 01. I live next to my best friend. ( ) . . .

02. We are going to sit at the back of the theater. . 03. The books were at the top of the shelves. . 04. The driver is in front of passenger. . 05. We live in the middle of the street. . 06. The dog is on the right of the cat. . 07. We live on the corner of 3rd avenue . 08. The clown is on top of the box. . 09. There is a man on the top of the roof. . ( .)

10. There is a large garden in the middle of the skyscraper. . (152 .) " " (Skyscraper)

, (Different words same meaning) . . .

. ; , . . .

. . : near / by = " . next to / beside = " . across from / opposite = " . : " " "

(Some prepositions are similar, but different) . : below / under : below " " , . " "

The desk is below the window. under " " . The pencil is under the table. ,

above / over above " "

"

"

The baloon was high above our heads. over " . The girl is wearing scaf over her head. : ! (List Of Prepositions) (Prepositions Of Time) (Prepositions Of Place) (Prepositions Of Direction) . " , " " .

. !

? - 1 (Asking the time)

. . . . 19 , . 20 . ! , , , , ! . ,

. . ? . ! What is the time now? ? Do you know what time it is? ( Can you tell me the time? ? What time is it? ? . . . . . . . . Excuse me, what is the time now, please? , , "Polite Language" )? ?

? "Excuse me"

( ( )

) . , . (Polite Language) : "please" . ,

Excuse me, what is the time please? Excuse me, what time is it?

Excuse me, have you got the time, please? Sorry, do you have the time, please? Can you tell me the time please? Can you please tell me what is the time? Excuse me, could you tell me the time, please? Excuse me, could you tell me what time it is? Excuse me, do you have the time? (Telling the time) ?" ", " " " . 1:00: It's one o' clock. . 3:00: It is three o'clock. . 10:00: It is ten o'clock. . It's ___ o' clock.(two/there/four/five/six/seven/eight/nine/ten/eleven/twelve) . . 8:00: It's eight o'clock. . 8:05: It's five past eight. 8 5 8:10: It's ten past eight. 8 10 8:15: It's quarter past eight. . 8:20: It's twenty past eight. . 8:30: It's half past eight. . 8:40: It's twenty to nine. ", " , . ", " ",

.( 8:45: It's quarter to nine. .( 8:50: It's ten to nine. 10. ( 8:55: It's five to nine. .( 9:00: It's nine o'clock. . 8:35: It's twenty five to nine. .( It's midnight. .( It's noon. ( It's lunch time. . It's dinner time. . It's time to go to bed. (Good night) ( 12.00 ) 12.00 ) . ) ) )

) , .

. , , . ,

, . : Excuse me. what is the time please? It's five o' clock. Thank you.You're welcome. Excuse me. Have you got the time? Yes, it's 5.00. Thank you.You're welcome.

Excuse me. Can you tell me the time, please? Yes, of course. It's seven o'clock. Thanks. : .( .) To be on time .( / ) . We'll leave at 10:10 am sharp. ( "sharp" . "Sharp" am Sharp" .( : ! . . . . . . . , . . , 10.09 ( " ) , 10.11 " , . .) . 10:10 . 10.10 ) 10.10 .

. "

?" ?"

. . . .

"

? - 2 (Asking for Directions)

. , , . , . , . , . , ? , ,

; . More Polite . Do you know the way to...? Can you tell me the way to...? Can you tell me the easy way to...? Can you tell me the best way to...? (More Polite) "Could", "Would", Could you tell me the way to...please? Could you tell me the easy way to...please? Could you tell me the best way to...please?Would you tell me the way to...please?Could you please tell me the way to...?Would you mind telling . . Polite and

me...please? . Where the nearest HSBC bank is? What the best way to get there? What the easy way is? What is the quickest way to Discovery bay? How can I get there? How to get Stanley beach? How to find nearest Welcome Shop? What the easy way to post office? , . Form" . "Polite

Could you tell me where the nearest HSBC bank is? Could you tell me what the best way to get there? Could you tell me what the easy way is? Could you tell me what is the quickest way to Discovery bay? Could you tell me how can I get there? Could you tell me how to get Stanley beach? Could you tell me how to find nearest Welcome Shop? Could you tell me what the easy way to post office please? Would you mind telling me what the easy way to post office please? , " / / " . : Excuse me, could you tell me the way to HSBC bank please? Certainly, go straight along this road, take the first/second/third turning on the right,HSBC bank is on your left/right/front. , , . , . . , , , . , ,

Excuse me, could you tell me the way to...please? Go straight along this road/take the first turning on the right/...is on your left. Thanks, you've been very helpful.Don't mention it. Good luck. / "Excuse me", "Sorry to

interrupt" Excuse me, could you tell me the way to...please? Sorry to interrupt, could you tell me the way to...please? I'm sorry to interrupt you, could you tell me the way to...please? "Giving Direction" : . . ! .

Aangilam Mini Lessons

! . . , . " 1 " . . "Grammar Patterns" ,

, , (CAPITAL LETTERS) . , .

(Simple Letters) . How To Use Capital Letters 1.

. (Capital letters are always used at the beginning of a

sentence.) : The car is running I am looking for a job. He doesnt understand. Do you speak in English? Where are you going? 2. , , , , , , . 2. 3. : January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December 4. 5. , : Jaffna, Chennai, Point Pedro, Betticola, Tricomalee, Madurai, Kilinochchi 6. 7. 8. 9. : Tamileelam, India, America, British, France, Netherland, Norway, Japan : Tamil, English, Chinese, Latin, French, Indhi : Hindu, Islam, Christian, Buddhism - God, The Prophet Mohammed, Jesus " " .( 10. " " . "Abbreviation" : . : MBBS, LLB : USA, UK, UAE : MGR, MRR "i" ) "I" : Ellalan, Iravanan, Sarmilan, Kavitha, Thamilovia, Tamilnenjan, Tamilselvan : Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday , .

. .( " . .) Abbreviation"

(Use a/an Vowels and Consonant)

/ . "an" , "a" . "a" . (consonants) b c d f g h j k l m n p q r s t v w x y z = 21 : I am a Sri Lankan . I am a student. . This is a car . This is a book. . He is a teacher. . / "an" (Vowels) aeiou=5 . " a", "an" ,

: This is an animal - (animal begins with a vowel sound) . I am an Indian . I am an English teacher . He is an old man ( ) .

. . a, e, i, o, u . a user - " " . (sounds like 'yoo-zer,' i.e. begins with a consonant 'y' sound, so 'a' is used) a university " a a European country " , " a

"a" an,' i.e. begins with consonant 'y' sound) an an hour hour our .

. (sounds like 'yer-o-pi-

an

. (sounds like 'a-our,' begins with vowels 'a' sound) an honor honor . , , , onor an

. . : (Articles) (Use a/ an - Vowels and Consonant) (The vs Thee)

, 1 . . . . "Grammar Patterns"

| HK Arun

3 (Date and Money)

" . . . " " . : 1954 nineteen fifty-four 1977 nineteen seventy-seven 1983 nineteen eighty-three . " ;

2000 = two thousand 2001 = two thousand and one 2002 = two thousand and two 2009 = thousand and nine . 2010 = twenty ten 2011 = twenty eleven 2012 = twenty twelve . 2010 = twenty ten Money "two thousand and ten" .

, ' . : 100 $150 200 , . : 100 - Hundred rupees 150 - One hundred and fifty rupees ' ' '

120.55 = One hundred and twenty rupees, fifty-five cent. ( ) .

$225.10 = Two hundred and twenty five dollars, ten cent. ( ) . 450. 21 = Four hundred and fifty pounds, twenty-one pence. ( )

4 (Abbreviations / Acronyms)
"Abbreviation" . : : BBC : MGR : British Broadcasting Corporation. : Maruthur Gopalan Ramachandran " " .

. , ,

, , "

, , " (Abbreviations)

. ? 1. 2. 3. . . . .

. .

. "Initial Abbreviation" "Acronym".

Initial Abbreviations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------"Initial Abbreviations" . " " . . .

. : . . . . . - AI - Amnesty International - ABC - American Broatcasting Company - BMW - Bavarian Motor Works . DND Do Not Disturb FYI For your Information FBI - Federal Bureau of Investigation GB Great Britain IOU I Owe You LOL Laugh Out Loud ISI - Inter-Services Intelligence MP Member of Parliament UNM Under New Management VIP Very Important Person CB - Criminal Bureau

CID - Criminal Investigation Department CAT - Committee against Torture CAT - Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. CEDAW - Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women. (Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women.) CERD - Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (Convention on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination.) CESCR - Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. CHR - Commission on Human Rights CMW - Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families CRC - Committee on the Rights of the Child (Convention of the Rights of the Child) CSW - Commission on the Status of Women CBI Central Bureau of Investigation or Intelligence CDC Commonwealth Development Corporation CE Civil Engineer CIA Criminal Investigation Agency CIA - Central Interlligence Agency CID Criminal Investigation Department DPI - Department of Public Information ECOSOC - United Nations Economic and Social Council FAQ - frequently asked questions GAOR - General Assembly Official Records HRC - Human Rights Committee ICC - International Criminal Court ICCPR - International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ICERD - International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination ICESCR - International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

ICRC - International Committee of the Red Cross ILO - International Labour Organization IPKF - Indian Peace Keeping Forces LTTE - Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam NGO - Non-governmental organization OHCHR - Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights RAW - Research and Analysis Wing UDHR - Universal Declaration of Human Rights UN - United Nations UNAMIR - United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda UNAMSIL - United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone UNAVEM III - United Nations Angola Verification Mission III UNCLOS - United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, also known as LOS UNCRO - United Nations Confidence Restoration Operation in Croatia UNCTAD - United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNDCP - United Nations Drug Control Programme UNDOF United Nations Disengagement Observer Force UNDP - United Nations Development Programme UNEP - United Nations Environment Programme UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization UNFICYP - United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus UNFPA - United Nations Population Fund UNHCR - United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNHCRHR - United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights UNICEF - United Nations Children's Fund UNICEP - United Nations International Comparison Programme

UNICRI - United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute UNIDIR - United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research UNIDO - United Nations Industrial Development Organization UNIFIL - United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon UNIKOM - United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission UNITAR - United Nations Institute for Training and Research UNMEE - United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea UNMIBH - United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina UNMIK - United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo UNMIL - United Nations Mission in Liberia UNMIS - United Nations Mission in the Sudan UNMISET - United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor UNMOGIP - United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan UNMOP - United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka UNMOT - United Nations Mission of Observers in Tajikistan UNMOVIC United Nations Monitoring and Verification Commission UNOMIG - United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia UNOCI - United Nations Operation in Cte d'Ivoire UNOMSIL - United Nations Mission of Observers in Sierra Leone UNOPS - United Nations Office of Project Services UNRISD - United Nations Research Institute for Social Development UNRWA - United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East UNSC - United Nations Security Council UNSMIH - United Nations Support Mission in Haiti UNSSC - United Nations System Staff College UNTAET - United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor UNTSO - United Nations Truce Supervision Organization

UNU - United Nations University USA - United States of America USSR - Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( UAE - United Arab Emirates UK - United Kingdom ( Scotland, Wales.) England, Northern Ireland, )

NAACP - National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

BA Bachelor of Arts BCL Bachelor of Civil Law BGL Bachelor of General Law B.Com., Bachelor of Commerce BD Bachelor of Divinity BDS Bachelor of Dental Surgery BL Bachelor of Law B.Lit., Bachelor of Literature BM Bachelor of Medicine B.Mus., Bachelor of Music B.Sc., Bachelor of Science BVSc., Bachelor of Veterinary Science DM Doctor of Medicine DSE Director of School Education DPH Director of Public Instruction DPH Diploma in Public Health D.Sc., - Doctor of Science MA Master of Arts

AMD - Advanced Micro Devices API - Application Programming Interface CD - Compact Disc CD-R - CD-Recordable CD-ROM - CD Read-Only Memory CD-RW - CD Re-Writable CPU - Central Processing Unit DRAM - Dynamic Random Access Memory DVD - Digital Video Disc WWW - World Wide Web

'' " " . Mr - Mister (always abbreviated) Mrs - Mistress (always abbreviated) .

"

, . kg - kilogram(s) km - kilometer(s) B.C. - Before Christ A.D. - Anno Domini (in the year of the Lord) ( a.m. - Ante Meridiem p.m. - Post Meridiem (before midday) ( (after midday) ( ) ) ) )

etc. - et cetera ("and the others", "and other things", "and the rest") (

e.g. - exempli gratia (means "for example) ( AC - Alternating Current DC - Direct Current Ltd - Limited

Acronyms ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------"Acronyms" ? "Acronyms" . ; . (In this case the first letters from each word actually form another word) , " : LASER - Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation " . . "Acronyms". - - " ." z " "Acronym" " .

SARS - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. BAFTA British Academy of Film and Television Arts. DEFRA Department for Environment Foods and Rural Affairs. JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group. SALT Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty. NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization. NASA National Aeronautical and Space Administration. OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries.

WHO World Health Organization. RADAR - Radio Detection And Ranging. RAM Random Access Memory.

, .

(Abbreviation used in this Dictionary) .

5 (Grammatical Person in English)

. . . . " ?" ." . ." . " ! . , , ? = . ." . . , . . ,

= , ,

. = ? . .

SINGULAR I You (First Person Singular (Second Person Singular , , ) ) )

He, She, It PLURAL We You They /

(Third Person Singular

(First Person Plural (Second Person Plural (Third Person Plural ) )

Third Person Singular, Second Person Singular . . , . : First Person = Second Person = Third Person = " . . ", " ", " "

6 (English Language: List of abbreviations)

, (Abbreviations) , . AAAL - American Association for Applied Linguistics. ACTFL - American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. AE - American English. ARELS Association of Recognized English Language Services. BAAL - British Association of Applied Linguistics. BASELS British Association of State English Language teaching. BC - British Council. BEC - Business English Certificate. BrE - British English. BVT - Bilingual Vocational Training. CAE - Certificate of Advanced English. CALI - Computer-Assisted Language Instruction. CALL - Computer-Assisted Language Learning. . ,

CanE - Canadian English. CAT - Computer Adaptive Testing. CBT - Computer-Based Teaching. CEELT - Cambridge Examination in English for Language Teachers. (That tests the English skills of non-native teachers of English.) CEIBT - Certificate in English for International Business and Trade for advanced levels. CILTR Centre for Information in English on Language Teaching and Research. CPE - Certificate of Proficiency in English (The fifth and the most advanced of Cambridge's series of exams. (Roughly comparable to a score of 600-650 on the TOEFL)) CELTA - Certificate in English language teaching to adults. CTEFLA Certificate in the teaching of English as a Foreign Language to Adults. DELTA - Diploma in English Language Teaching to Adults. EAP - English for Academic Purposes. ECCE - Exam for the Certificate of Competency in English. (Michigan University) - lower level ECPE - Exam for the Certificate of Proficiency in English. (Michigan University) - higher level EFL - English as a Foreign Language. EGP - English for General Purposes. EIP - English as an International Language. ELICOS - English Language Intensive Courses to Overseas Students. (Australia) ELT - English Language Teaching. ESL - English as a Second Language. ESOL - English for Speakers of Other Languages. ESP - English for Special Purposes (Business English, English for tourism, etc.) ETS - Educational Testing Service. FCE - First Certificate in English. GMAT - Graduate Management Admission Test. GPA - Grade Point Average.

GRE - Graduate Record Examination. IATEFL - International Association of Teachers of English as a Foreign Language. IPA - International Phonetic Association. IELTS International English Language Testing System. KET - Key English Test. (The most elementary of Cambridge's series of exams.) LEP - Limited English Proficient. NATECLA - National Association for Teaching English and other Community Languages to Adults. (UK) NATESOL - National Association of Teachers of English for Speakers of Other Languages. NCTE - National Council of Teachers of English. NLP - Neuro Linguistic Programming. NNEST - Non-Native English Speaking Teacher. MTELP - Michigan Test of English Language Proficiency. OE - Old English. OED - Oxford English Dictionary. PET - Preliminary English Test. (The second of Cambridge's series of exams.) RP - Received Pronunciation - ('standard' British pronunciation.) RSA/Cambridge C-TEFLA - Certificate of Teaching English as a Foreign Language to Adults. (A professional qualification for prospective EFL teachers.) RSA/Cambridge D-TEFLA - Diploma of Teaching English as a Foreign Language. SAE - Standard American English. SAT - Scholastic Assessment (Aptitude) Test. (Pre-university entrance exam in the USA.) TEFL - Teaching English as a Foreign Language. TEFLA - Teaching English as a Foreign Language to Adults. TEIL - Teaching English as an International Language. TESL - Teaching English as a Second Language. TESOL - Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages.

TOEFL - Test of English as a Foreign Language. (The most common English language exam for North American universities and colleges, also accepted by some British universities and employers as proof of English proficiency.) TOEIC - Test of English for International Communication. (The TOEIC (pronounced "toeick") VE - Vocational English. VESL - Vocational English as a Second Language. YLE - Young Learners English Tests. (Cambridge Examinations for young learners.) " " .

. . . , . , , . , ? ; English) . , . , 30 . . , 60 , , (Spoken . , ,

. . . ? . ;

464 30, 60

. , . . TOEFL, IELTS . : ; , . . 'Abbreviations' 'Acronyms' . , , ,

7 (Year/Leap Year)

2008 Leap Year .

366 365

. . .

28 .

29

. ." . , 30 ? ? 31 ?"

. . . "Thirty days has September, April, June and November. All the rest have thirty-one, Except February which has twenty-eight, in fine, Till leap year makes it twenty-nine". , 28 , . , 30 31 .( 29 . . )

8 (there is)
7 got" "there is" . "there is" , " " . "have/have

"have" . . There is + " 22 " . "Well begun is half done" " "

"

"

. " . . " . " . " 01

. There is a book. . There is not a book. (isnt) . There are books. .( / Plural)

There are not books. (arent) .( / Plural) There can be a book. . There can't be a book. . There will be a book. . There won't be a book. . There was a book. . There would have been a book. . There were books .( / Plural)

There must be a book. ( ) There must have been a book. .( There may be a book. . There may have been a book. . There has to a book. . There have to be books. .( There should be a book. . There ought to be a book.

. )

/ Plural)

. There has been a book. / There had been a book. / There have been books. / Plural) .

.(

Home work:
There is a book on the table. (3, 4, 11, 17, 22 Plural)

There is an election in the USA .(3, 4, 11, 17, 22 Plural)

There are two classical languages in India. (1, 2, 9, 16, 20 Singular) . There are 1652 languages in India. (1, 2, 9, 16, 20 Singular) 1652 .

There are 6760 languages in the world. (1, 2, 9, 16, 20 Singular)

6760

There are hundred of vegetable items in the market. (1, 2, 9, 16, 20 Singular) .

:
3, 4, 11, 17, 22 (Plural) . 1, 2, 9, 16, 20 (Singular) .

(Have / There is)

have , . there is : I have a book. . " "There is a book on the table." " ? . ." . . " ." " " ? . " . " " " . " "

:
Here There

Here and there "There" "There is +" ! " . . " " .

. . !

| HK Arun

(Verb Forms)
? . 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Base Form Progressive Form Third Person Form Past Form Past Participle Form : "do" did, done , do, doing, does, . . . :

Forms Base Form Progressive Form Third Person Form

Verbs do go speak play playin g plays

doing going speaking does goes speaks

Past Form

did

went spoke gone spoken

played played
.

Past Participle Form done

1. "Base Form"

. : do go play (base form) . . : do doing go going play playing . . : do does go goes speak speaks Third Person Singular (He, She, It: infinitive + e/es) 4. "Past Form" . (Irregular Verbs) "ed" : play played allow allowed boil boiled (Irregular Verbs) ; . . (Regular Verbs), . . "Base Form" "s, es" "Present Participle Form" "ing"

2. "Progressive Form"

3. "Third Person Form"

: go went do did buy brought (Irregular verbs) 5. "Past Participle Form" Verbs) . . : go gone do done eat eaten . . : ! (Pars Of Speech in English) (Nouns) (Verbs) (Adjectives) (Adverbs) (Pronouns) (Prepositions) (Conjunctions) (Interjections) Past Form . (Irregular Verbs) . (Regular

10 (TEEN)

, . , . . TEEN ? ? , . . ? . 13 - thirTEEN 14 - fourTEEN 15 - fifTEEN 16 - sixTEEN 17 - sevenTEEN 18 - eighTEEN 19 - nineTEEN

"TEEN" ; (Teenager) ) . Early teens Middle teens Late teens : , . : thirTEEN thir TEEN . 13 15 15 17 17 19 . . . .(

11 (Sentence Stress)
10 . (Word Stress) (Sentence Stress) . . ? . What is your name? ? . . . ? . .

; . ( . . WHAT is YOUr NAME? ? WHERE are you STAYing? ? HOW LONG have you been STAYing in HONG KONG? ? )

. Content Words - ( Structure Words .) (Content Words) . : I + GO + SCHOOL + BUS , , . I am GOing to SCHOOL by BUS. b . . ( ) . ) (

. ( Pronouns It, his, her, we Prepositions At, in, on Articles A, an, the Conjunctions But, because, and Auxiliary verbs Is, are, be, can : Main Verbs GO, COME, GIVE Negative Auxiliary verbs DONT, DOESNT, DIDNT, CANT Nouns SARMILAN, BUS, SCHOOL, ENGLISH Adjectives BLUE, SMALL, CLAVER Adverbs USUALLY, ACTUALLY, QUICKLY, ? ) :

. . . . ,

. " "

? >>> HK

(Computer Acronyms)
, . . , . . "Cc" . "Bcc" . "Cc, Bcc" , . . Cc - Carbon Copy Bcc - Blind Carbon Copy "RAM, PDF" . RAM - Random Access Memory PDF - Portable Document Format ? ,

.
Computer Terms.mp3

ACL - Access Control List ADC - Analog-to-Digital Converter ADF - Automatic Document Feeder

ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line AGP - Accelerated Graphics Port AIFF - Audio Interchange File Format AIX - Advanced Interactive Executive ANSI - American National Standards Institute API - Application Program Interface ARP - Address Resolution Protocol ASCII - American Standard Code for Information Interchange ASP - Active Server Page or Application Service Provider ATA - Advanced Technology Attachment ATM - Asynchronous Transfer Mode BASIC - Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code Bcc - Blind Carbon Copy BIOS - Basic Input/Output System Blob - Binary Large Object BMP - Bitmap CAD - Computer-Aided Design Cc - Carbon Copy CCD - Charged Coupled Device CD - Compact Disc CD-R - Compact Disc Recordable CD-ROM - Compact Disc Read-Only Memory CD-RW - Compact Disc Re-Writable CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access CGI - Common Gateway Interface CISC - Complex Instruction Set Computing CLOB - Character Large Object CMOS - Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor CMYK - Cyan Magenta Yellow Black CPA - Cost Per Action CPC - Cost Per Click CPL - Cost Per Lead CPM - Cost Per 1,000 Impressions CPS - Classroom Performance System CPU - Central Processing Unit CRM - Customer Relationship Management CRT - Cathode Ray Tube CSS - Cascading Style Sheet CTP - Composite Theoretical Performance CTR - Click-Through Rate DAC - Digital-to-Analog Converter DBMS - Database Management System DDL - Data Definition Language DDR - Double Data Rate DDR2 - Double Data Rate 2 DHCP - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DIMM - Dual In-Line Memory Module DLL - Dynamic Link Library DMA - Direct Memory Access DNS - Domain Name System DOS - Disk Operating System DPI - Dots Per Inch DRAM - Dynamic Random Access Memory

DRM - Digital Rights Management DSL - Digital Subscriber Line DSLAM - Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer DTD - Document Type Definition DV - Digital Video DVD - Digital Versatile Disc DVD+R - Digital Versatile Disc Recordable DVD+RW - Digital Versatile Disk Rewritable DVD-R - Digital Versatile Disc Recordable DVD-RAM - Digital Versatile Disc Random Access Memory DVD-RW - Digital Versatile Disk Rewritable DVI - Digital Video Interface DVR - Digital Video Recorder ECC - Error Correction Code EDI - Electronic Data Interchange EIDE - Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics EPS - Encapsulated PostScript EUP - Enterprise Unified Process FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions FIFO - First In, First Out FiOS - Fiber Optic Service FLOPS - Floating Point Operations Per Second FPU - Floating Point Unit FSB - Frontside Bus FTP - File Transfer Protocol GIF - Graphics Interchange Format GIGO - Garbage In, Garbage Out GIS - Geographic Information Systems GPS - Global Positioning System GPU - Graphics Processing Unit GUI - Graphical User Interface GUID - Globally Unique Identifier HDMI - High-Definition Multimedia Interface HDTV - High Definition Televsion HDV - High-Definition Video HFS - Hierarchical File System HSF - Heat Sink and Fan HTML - Hyper-Text Markup Language HTTP - HyperText Transfer Protocol HTTPS - HyperText Transport Protocol Secure I/O - Input/Output ICANN - Internet Corporation For Assigned Names and Numbers ICF - Internet Connection Firewall ICMP - Internet Control Message Protocol ICS - Internet Connection Sharing ICT - Information and Communication Technologies IDE - Integrated Device Electronics or Integrated Development Environment IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IGP - Integrated Graphics Processor IM - Instant Message IMAP - Internet Message Access Protocol InterNIC - Internet Network Information Center IP - Internet Protocol

IPX - Internetwork Packet Exchange IRC - Internet Relay Chat IRQ - Interrupt Request ISA - Industry Standard Architecture ISCSI - Internet Small Computer Systems Interface ISDN - Integrated Services Digital Network ISO - International Organization for Standardization ISP - Internet Service Provider IT - Information Technology IVR - Interactive Voice Response JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group JRE - Java Runtime Environment JSP - Java Server Page Kbps - Kilobits Per Second KDE - K Desktop Environment KVM Switch - Keyboard, Video, and Mouse Switch LAN - Local Area Network LCD - Liquid Crystal Display LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access Protocol LED - Light-Emitting Diode LIFO - Last In, First Out LPI - Lines Per Inch LUN - Logical Unit Number MAC Address - Media Access Control Address MANET - Mobile Ad Hoc Network Mbps - Megabits Per Second MCA - Micro Channel Architecture MIDI - Musical Instrument Digital Interface MIPS - Million Instructions Per Second MP3 - MPEG-1 Audio Layer-3 MPEG - Moving Picture Experts Group MTU - Maximum Transmission Unit NAT - Network Address Translation NetBIOS - Network Basic Input/Output System NIC - Network Interface Card NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol NOC - Network Operations Center NTFS - New Technology File System OASIS - Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards OCR - Optical Character Recognition ODBC - Open Database Connectivity OEM - Original Equipment Manufacturer OLAP - Online Analytical Processing OLE - Object Linking and Embedding OOP - Object-Oriented Programming OSPF - Open Shortest Path First P2P - Peer To Peer PC - Personal Computer PCB - Printed Circuit Board PCI - Peripheral Component Interconnect PCI-X - Peripheral Component Interconnect Extended PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory Card International Association PDA - Personal Digital Assistant

PDF - Portable Document Format PHP - Hypertext Preprocessor PIM - Personal Information Manager PMU - Power Management Unit PNG - Portable Network Graphic POP3 - Post Office Protocol PPC - Pay Per Click PPGA - Plastic Pin Grid Array PPI - Pixels Per Inch PPL - Pay Per Lead PPM - Pages Per Minute PPP - Point to Point Protocol PPTP - Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol PRAM - Parameter Random Access Memory PROM - Programmable Read-Only Memory PS/2 - Personal System/2 QBE - Query By Example RAID - Redundant Array of Independent Disks RAM - Random Access Memory RDF - Resource Description Framework RDRAM - Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory RFID - Radio-Frequency Identification RGB - Red Green Blue RISC - Reduced Instruction Set Computing ROM - Read-Only Memory RPC - Remote Procedure Call RPM - Revenue Per 1,000 Impressions RSS - RDF Site Summary RTE - Runtime Environment RTF - Rich Text Format RUP - Rational Unified Process SAN - Storage Area Network SATA - Serial Advanced Technology Attachment SCSI - Small Computer System Interface SD - Secure Digital SDRAM - Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory SDSL - Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line SEO - Search Engine Optimization SERP - Search Engine Results Page SIMM - Single In-Line Memory Module SKU - Stock Keeping Unit SLI - Scalable Link Interface SMART - Self-Monitoring Analysis And Reporting Technology SMB - Server Message Block SMS - Short Message Service SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol SNMP - Simple Network Management Protocol SO-DIMM - Small Outline Dual In-Line Memory Module SOA - Service Oriented Architecture SOAP - Simple Object Access Protocol SQL - Structured Query Language SRAM - Static Random Access Memory SRGB - Standard Red Green Blue

SSH - Secure Shell SSID - Service Set Identifier SSL - Secure Sockets Layer TCP - Transmission Control Protocol TFT - Thin-Film Transistor TIFF - Tagged Image File Format TTL - Time To Live TWAIN - Toolkit Without An Informative Name UDDI - Universal Description Discovery and Integration UDP - User Datagram Protocol UML - Unified Modeling Language UNC - Universal Naming Convention UPnP - Universal Plug and Play UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply URI - Uniform Resource Identifier URL - Uniform Resource Locator USB - Universal Serial Bus VCI - Virtual Channel Identifier VDU - Visual Display Unit VFAT - Virtual File Allocation Table VGA - Video Graphics Array VLB - VESA Local Bus VLE - Virtual Learning Environment VoIP - Voice Over Internet Protocol VPI - Virtual Path Identifier VPN - Virtual Private Network VRAM - Video Random Access Memory VRML - Virtual Reality Modeling Language WAIS - Wide Area Information Server WAN - Wide Area Network WEP - Wired Equivalent Privacy Wi-Fi - Wireless Fidelity WPA - Wi-Fi Protected Access WWW - World Wide Web XHTML - Extensible Hypertext Markup Language XML - Extensible Markup Language XSLT - Extensible Style Sheet Language Transformation Y2K - Year 2000 ZIF - Zero Insertion Force

(Thanks)
. . , ; , (Informal) , . , ,

, (Formal) ,

" ? ! .

"

01. Thanks 02. Thanks for . . . 03. Thanks for your . . . 04. Thanks to . . . 05. Thanks a lot 06. Thanks a lot for . . . 07. Thanks so much 08. Thanks very much 18 ways to say thanks thank you in English 09. Thank you 10. Thank you for . . . 11. Thank you kindly 12. Thank you for your . . . 13. Thank you so much 14. Thank you very much 15. Thank you very much for . . . 16. Thank you very much for your . . . 17. I can't thank you enough 18. I don't know how to thank you . How many ways can say thanks in english ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------" ?" "Thanks" .

(Formal) How are you? Fine, thanks. I'm fine, thanks. I am very well, thank you. How is your wife? She's fine, thanks. List of Thanks Phrases Words , " offered you.) Would you like cup of coffee? Usage thanks and thank you Oh, thanks. Thanks very much. Thanks so much. usage of thanks "

"

?"

; . (A polite way of accepting sth that sb has

" ,

?" ,

. (A polite way of refusing sth that sb has offered you.) Would you like some more? No, thanks. Do you want some more milk in your coffee? No that's fine, thanks. Polite ways to say thanks in aangilam , , to show that you are very grateful to sb for sth they have done.) Thanks a lot. Thanks a bunch. Thanks a million. Thanks a billion. Thanks a bundle. English polite forms Thanks a lot for your help. . (Used

Thanks a lot for all youve done. . Thank you. Thank you, Mr. Obama. Thank you, Sir John. Thank you, Good question.

, "

"

, . (To tell

sb firmly that you do not need their help or advice.) Shall I do that? Can I help you? I can do it myself, thank you. (Polite way) "Thank you kindly." . " !" (Informal) . I don't know how to thank you. I don't know how to thank you for your help. I don't know how to thank you for your great service. " . (Informal) I can't thank you enough. I can't thank you enough for your kindness. I can't thank you enough for your kind consideration. " :

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Thanks for . . .

Thanks for your . . . Thanks very much for . . . Thank you for . . . Thank you for your . . . Thank you so much for your . . . Thank you very much for your . . . . , , , : Thanks for coming. Thanks for your kindness. Thanks very much for your kind words Thank you for not smoking. Thank you for your comments Thank you so much for your hospitality. Thank you very much for your cooperation. . "so much / very much" . . . .

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, . Thank you for your kind help. You're welcome. Thank you for your gifts Don't mention it. Thank you for a great evening I really enjoyed it. .

Thanks for all your help It's my pleasure. Thanks for lending me the money That's all right. : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, . Thanks - ( Thank you. - ( Thanks a lot. - ( Thank) Thanks you) Thank you a lot) Thanks God ) Thank you indeed.) 100 . Thank you for . . . ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------English Polite Usage Thanks Aangilam 01. Thank you for accepting our invitation 02. Thank you for accommodating 03. Thank you for acknowledgement 04. Thank you for agreeing 05. Thank you for agreeing to participate 06. Thank you for answering 07. Thank you for applying 08. Thank you for appreciation 09. Thank you for appreciating my work 10. Thank you for appointment letter 11. Thank you for appreciation letter 12. Thank you for arguing 13. Thank you for arguing summary 14. Thank you for arranging the interview 15. Thank you for asking 16. Thank you for assisting 17. Thank you for attending our wedding 18. Thank you for attending seminar 19. Thank you for attending interview 20. Thank you for auditioning 21. Thank you for award speech . . ,

Thank God its Friday. - ( Thank you very much indeed. - (

22. Thank you for baptism 23. Thank you for barring with me 24. Thank you for being a friend 25. Thank you for birthday wishes 26. Thank you for birthday wishes comments 27. Thank you for blessing me 28. Thank you for booking with us 29. Thank you for bringing to our attention 30. Thank you for business meeting 31. Thank you for buying our product. 32. Thank you for calling me 33. Thank you for celebrating my birthday 34. Thank you for celebrating our wedding 35. Thank you for choosing our hotel 36. Thank you for clicking 37. Thank you for clapping 38. Thank you for clarifying 39. Thank you for clients 40. Thank you for coming to my party 41. Thank you for considering my application 42. Thank you for condolences 43. Thank you for contacting 44. Thank you for coming into my life 45. Thank you for dedication 46. Thank you for dedication and hard work 47. Thank you for defending our country 48. Thank you for dinner party 49. Thank you for dinner invitation 50. Thank you for donation 51. Thank you for downloading our lessons 52. Thank you for donation to charity 53. Thank you for doing business with us 54. Thank you for driving carefully 55. Thank you for everything 56. Thank you for electing me 57. Thank you for employing me 58. Thank you for emailing me 59. Thank you for encouraging me 60. Thank you for enquiry letter 61. Thank you for eulogy 62. Thank you for explaining 63. Thank you for expressing interest 64. Thank you for excellent work 65. Thank you for facilitating 66. Thank you for feedback 67. Thank you for firing me 68. Thank you for flying with us 69. Thank you for forgiving me

70. Thank you for following up 71. Thank you for forwarding my resume 72. Thank you for funeral support 73. Thank you for good service 74. Thank you for greeting me 75. Thank you for great service 76. Thank you for guiding 77. Thank you for helping me 78. Thank you for inviting me 79. Thank you for joining 80. Thank you for job opportunity 81. Thank you for job application 82. Thank you for my birthday present 83. Thank you for not smoking 84. Thank you for new year wishes 85. Thank you for our wedding gift 86. Thank you for offering me the position 87. Thank you for participating in our event 88. Thank you for quotation 89. Thank you for quick response 90. Thank you for registering 91. Thank you for recommendation 92. Thank you for replying 93. Thank you for remembering 94. Thank you for remembering my birthday 95. Thank you for sending your photo 96. Thank you for sending your resume 97. Thank you for teaching English 98. Thank you for understanding 99. Thank you for using our service 100. Thank you for visiting our aangilam.blogspot.com

. , . . , , . . .

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(English Alphabet)
"English Alphabet" 26 " " " . . "

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 26 (consonants) :aeiou :bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyz 26 " "( ) (English Capital Letters) (English Simple Letters) Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt " "( ) . (vowels) . ,

Uu Vv Xx Yy Zz 26 , . . ? ? , ? . , . ! ? ? 26 ? 26 26 . , . , ,

"Pangram" is a sentence that contains every letter of the alphabet.) "Pangram" : "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog." .

. (A pangram

: http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/page/138 : 44

(The vs Thee)

; "The" . , . "The"

, " "

" " .

The vs Thee.mp3

The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The

apple ball computer dog elephant fish great Tamil scholar higher education hill honest woman honorable man hours house independent newspaper jam bottle kinder garden laptop map national park one orange

The The The The The The The The The The The The The The

picture Quran restaurant student tournament ugly fruit umbrella United States university vote world map x files young ones zone " " " ? . " ,

"The" " " , , " . (Consonants) b c d f g h j k l m n p q r s t v w x y z = (21) (Vowels) a e i o u = (5) " " " " " " " ,

" " . : The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The " ball computer dog fish great Tamil scholar higher education hill house jam bottle kinder garden laptop map national park one picture Quran restaurant student tournament united states university vote world map young ones zone

" " . : "

The apple. The elephant. The honest woman.

The The The The The The The

honorable man. hours. independent news paper. orange. ugly fruit. umbrella. x files. :

(Articles) (Use a/ an - Vowels and Consonant) (The vs Thee) : PDF : . PDF Download .

as PDF (Right Click > Save Target As > Save) The , . . ! ,

17 (Most Definitions)
. . , , . , , ,

SET
, "Set" English Dictionary.) . 464 . ("SET" has 464 definitions in the Oxford

: RUN - 396 GO - 368 TAKE - 343 STAND - 334 GET - 289 TURN - 288 PUT - 268 FALL - 264 STRIKE - 250 .

18 (Common Mistakes in English - have vs has)

. have, has .

, . (Grammatical Person in English) .

"

"

, . .

: I have a computer. .( You have a computer. / ) He has a computer. . She has a computer. . It has a computer. . "He, She, and It" "has" "He" "She" , "It" ( ) . . . , .( )

"have"

We have a computer. .( )

They have a computer. ( )

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------?

Do you have a computer? Yes, I have a computer. No, I dont have a computer. Do we have a computer? Yes, we have a computer. No, we dont have a computer. Do they have a computer? Yes, they have a computer. No, they dont have a computer.

: Does he have an iphone? Yes, he has an iphone. No, he doesn't have an iphone. " " . has ,

. . "have vs has"

he, she, it

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, . :

//I have a doubt in using Have / Has in some places, could you please clarify me. I have done / he has done / kumar has done - i am OK with this now my doubt is how to use have /has in the following situations & why? who have asked ? - should i use have / has ? who have the iphone - should i use have/ has ? School have changed a lot - should i use have/ has? his poem has selected for the first price - should i use have/ has? his poems has selected for the first price - should i use have/ has? students has the power to change the country - should i use have/ has?// ... School have changed a lot - should i use have/ has? . " "has" School has changed a lot. + ( + .) . " . "school" , "It" .

his poem has selected for the first prize - should i use have/ has? "poem" "it" . His poem has selected for the first prize. . his poems has selected for the first prize - should i use have/ has? "poems" "have" . . .

His poems have selected for the first prize. . students has the power to change the country - should i use have/ has?

. "Students" "have" .

Students have the power to change the country. + ( + + .) . . who have asked ? - should i use have / has ? who have the iphone - should i use have/ has ? Who asked? ? "who have asked" . "have" : There is a user who has asked. ( There are users who have asked. ( ) ) , . : (Passive Voice) (Grammar Patterns of Perfect Tense) (have/ have got) (Grammatical Person in English) . . "has" . . ? : .

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(To, Two and Too)

, "homophone words" " . . "

. To Two Too . , . . "To" I walked to the school. . My first visit to America. . It's seven to ten. .( "Two" One, two, three... , , " "(2) .

.) .

...

I have two cars . He has two children. . "Too" " , ... , . The shirt is too tight. . This question is too hard for me. . I have two computers; My wife has two computers too. . . (homophone words) , . . . (List of homophones) . . , , "

20 (tw)
"to, too and two" . . "two" " " . : Twain: " " . "o" , "tw" , . "Two" . (homophones)

Twins: Twice: . Twilight: Twelve: Twenty: " Twig: Tweezers: " " . " " " " " " " "

" "

"

. ." "

" (10+2=12) (10x2=20) " " . . . .

Between: " Tweedledum:

. , .

" " (two people or things that are not different from each other.) ; . . . .

21 (Like vs Like)
. like , . .

Like Like /

Do you like Hong Kong? ? Yes, I like Hong Kong. / Yes, I do. ,

. , "Yes, I do." ; "Yes, I

like."

. .

Whats the weather like? ( Its cold and cloudy.

) ? .

Its awful. . What are the people like? ? Theyre friendly. ( What was the weather like? ( ? It was freezing. . What were the people like? ? They were very nice. . : What + (be) + noun + like? "be" , . " " , " " . "like" ) ) .

Whats your flat like? ? Its old and cheap. . . . " Do you like your flat? ? Yes, very much. , ( : . . , . . . . ) " "like" . like " "

22 (Hear and Listen)

"Hear and Listen" ?

. . , (noise) , .

"Listen" , "hear" .

Hear =

( .)

Listen = .

( .)

, " "

Do you hear the bird singing? ? Do you hear the sound? ? I listen to news. . I listen to it. . : Listen + to . "Listen to me!", "Listen to me!!" , ; (hear) . . , (hear) (listen) " ." hearing Are you listening to me? ! ... ! ; listening , . . " " ; . . ,

23 (Day, Date and Dating)

Date , . . Day . . date , Day . Date, Day . Date " " Day .

Day ( ) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------"Day" 24 " . . Today Tomorrow Day after tomorrow Yesterday Day before Yesterday Another day Midday Midnight Next day Sunny day Rainy day Lovely day Winter day Summer day Every day Someday One day / / / ( ( ) ) / / / / . " "

"

Good day Holiday Special day Wedding day Birth day Anniversary day Remembrance day Full moon day Unforgettable day Day to day Day to day work Day to day activities Day by day "Days" Coming days Working days Office days School days Three days before Nowadays One of these days One of those days -

/ /

/ / :

week . . , "day" ( Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday / / / / / ) , . .

Friday Saturday Weekdays Weekend days /

( / (Special days)

) ( , )

, April Fool's Day Christmas Day Human Rights Day Labor Day Mothers day Valentine's Day National heros day -

. ? Date ( ) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------"Date" " " . , . . Date Dateless Date seal Date of birth Fix a date Set a date Date of arrival Closing date Date of renewal After date - ( Base date Date of departure ) " "

Out of date Expiry date At a future date Day . : What day is it today? Monday. "What is the date today?" . : What is the date today? Today is 27th of December, twenty ten. : Date "What day is it today?" ,

. : 27th December, 2010

: The twenty seventh of December, twenty ten.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. : : 28th December, 2010 : The twenty eighth of December, twenty ten. : : December, 28th 2010. : December, the twenty eighth twenty ten.

: / . / / , . : 8/12/2010 - ( 2010 8/12/2010 - ( 12 ! "Date" ? . " " 2010 ) . . "Dating" "Dating" , . ! . ) . . " " / . . / /

(Computer Terms in Tamil)

" , . , , . , . , , . , , , . . " . ; , ,

. 635 .

.(

No: English Terms 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Access Accuracy Action Activate Active cell Active file Activity Adapter card Adaptor

10. Address 11. Address bus 12. Address modification 13. Addressing 14. Administrator 15. Album 16. Algorithm language 17. Algorithm 18. Alignment 19. Allocation

20. Alpha testing 21. Alphabet 22. Alphabetical 23. Alphanumeric 24. Ambiguation 25. Amplified 26. Analog representation 27. Analog 28. Analytical Engine 29. Animation 30. Anonymous 31. Anti-virus 32. Appearance 33. Append 34. Applet 35. Application level 36. Application programmer 37. Application programming 38. Application programs 39. Application service provider 40. Application software 41. Application 42. Architecture 43. Archive file 44. Archive gateway / /

45. Archive 46. Archiving 47. Area search 48. Arithmetic 49. Array processor 50. Array 51. Arrow key 52. Artificial intelligence 53. Assembler 54. Assembly Language 55. Audio blog 56. Audio 57. Auto block 58. Auto restart 59. Automated data processing 60. Automatic 61. Auxiliary equipments 62. Auxiliary function 63. Auxiliary memory 64. Auxiliary operation 65. Auxiliary storage 66. Availability 67. Axes 68. Back up 69. Background / /

70. Backspace 71. Bar chart 72. Bar code 73. Bar code scanner 74. Bar printer 75. Basic 76. Batch processing 77. Beta 78. Binary Code 79. Binary device 80. Binary digit 81. Binary number 82. Binary operation 83. Binary system 84. Bit map display 85. Bit map scanning 86. Bit mapped screen 87. Bit values 88. Bit 89. Bitmap 90. Bit-mapped font 91. Blank character 92. Blank page 93. Blanking 94. Block

95. Blog 96. Blog info 97. Blog tools 98. Blogger 99. Blogger circle 100. Blogging 101. Bookmark 102. Boot 103. Border 104. Branching 105. Bridge 106. Broadband 107. Browser 108. Browsing 109. Buddy 110. Bug 111. Bug report 112. Bus 113. Cache 114. Calculating 115. Calculation 116. Calculator mode 117. Calculator 118. Cancel 119. Capacity

120. Carriage return 121. Catalog 122. Category 123. CD burning 124. CD player 125. Center 126. Central processing unit (CPU) 127. Central processor 128. Chain printer 129. Change 130. Channel 131. Character 132. Character code 133. Character map 134. Character recognition 135. Character set 136. Character string 137. Chart 138. chat 139. Checkbox 140. Chips 141. Clear 142. Click 143. Clipboard 144. Close / /

145. Closed file 146. Cloud computing 147. Collection 148. Color coding 149. Color graphics 150. Color 151. Column split 152. Column 153. Command key 154. Command 155. Comment 156. Comments moderation 157. Common storage 158. Common 159. Communication link 160. Communication processor 161. Communication satellite 162. Communication software 163. Communication protocols 164. Community portal 165. Compact disc (CD) 166. Comparative operator 167. Compare 168. Comparison 169. Compilation / / / / /

170. Compiler 171. Complier language 172. Component 173. Compress 174. Computer engineer 175. Computer game 176. Computer graphic 177. Computer language 178. Computer motherboard 179. Computer network 180. Computer operation 181. Computer program 182. Computer resources 183. Computer user 184. Computer utility 185. Computer 186. Computerization 187. Computerized data base 188. Computerized data processing 189. Computing 190. Condition 191. Configuration 192. Connectors 193. Console 194. Constants / ( ) /

195. Content policy 196. Contributions 197. Contributor 198. Control key 199. Control panel 200. Control program 201. Control statement 202. Control structure 203. Control system 204. Control unit 205. Conversion 206. Convert 207. Cookie 208. Copy protection 209. Copy 210. Copyright status 211. Copyright 212. Core storage 213. Cost analysis 214. Cost benefit analysis 215. Cost effectiveness 216. Create 217. Crop 218. Current events 219. Cursor / / /

220. Curve fitting 221. Custom software 222. Customize 223. Cut 224. Cyber 225. Dashboard 226. Data 227. Data catalog 228. Data flow 229. Data processing 230. Database 231. Decimal digit 232. Decimal number 233. Decimal point 234. Decimal 235. Decode 236. Decompress 237. Default 238. Definite 239. Delete 240. Deletion 241. Description 242. Design 243. Desktop computer 244. Desktop / / / / /

245. Destination 246. Developer 247. Device 248. Diagram 249. Digital 250. Disambiguated 251. Disambiguation 252. Discovery 253. Discuss 254. Disk drive 255. Display name 256. Distribute 257. DNS 258. Document 259. Documentation 260. Domain 261. Domain Name System 262. Double click 263. Download 264. Drag 265. Driver 266. Drum plotter 267. Drum printer 268. Drum scanner 269. E-book / / / / /

[(

( )

( )]

270. Edit 271. Edit profile 272. Editor 273. Educational software 274. Effective 275. Effects 276. E-governance 277. Electrical signal 278. Electronic 279. E-mail 280. Embedded 281. Emulation 282. Encoding 283. Encyclopedia 284. End 285. Equation 286. Erase 287. Eraser 288. Expansion slots 289. Expiry 290. Extended info 291. External links 292. External search engine 293. FAQ 294. Features -

295. Field 296. File 297. File management 298. File share 299. File sharing 300. Find 301. Firewall 302. Firmware 303. Flat monitor 304. Floppy drive 305. Flow chart 306. Folder 307. Font 308. Font and word processor 309. Font name 310. Footer 311. Formal language 312. Format 313. Formatting 314. Formula 315. Free software 316. Function 317. Gallery 318. Gateway 319. Global dashboard / / /

320. Global Positioning system 321. Grammar checker 322. Graphic 323. Group 324. Guest 325. Hand held devices 326. Hand held Scanner 327. Handwriting recognition 328. Hard disc 329. Hardware 330. Header 331. Help center 332. Help group 333. High speed computer 334. Higher level language 335. Home 336. Homepage 337. Horizontal line 338. Host computer 339. Hyphenation 340. Icon 341. Identity 342. iDNS 343. iDomain 344. Ignore / /

345. Image 346. Import 347. Incompatible 348. Indefinite 349. Index 350. Index variable 351. Information 352. Information data 353. Information super highways 354. Information technology 355. Input unit 356. Insert 357. Install 358. Installation 359. Integrated chips 360. Integrated circuit chips 361. Inter language 362. Interactive sites 363. Interests 364. Interface 365. Internal 366. Internal error 367. International 368. International (DNS) 369. Internet ( ) / /

370. Internet protocol address 371. Internet protocol (IP) 372. Internet service provider (ISP) 373. Interpreter 374. Invalid 375. Invention 376. Italic text 377. Iteration 378. Java script 379. Key 380. Keyboard 381. Keypad 382. Keyword 383. Landscape 384. Laptop computer 385. Layout 386. LCD Monitor (Liquid Crystal Display) / / /

387. Left click 388. Lexing error 389. License 390. Light pen 391. Line 392. Link 393. List 394. Live / /

395. Log in 396. Log out 397. Machine language 398. Machine translation 399. Magnetic disk 400. Magnetic tape 401. Main Page 402. Maintenance page 403. Management 404. Mechanical calculator 405. Media 406. Media player 407. Memory unit 408. Memory 409. Menu 410. Metadata 411. Micro processor 412. Microphone 413. Modem 414. Moderation 415. Moderator 416. Monetize 417. Monitor 418. More features 419. Motherboard

/ /

420. Mouse 421. Multimedia 422. Multitasking 423. My account 424. Natural language 425. Navigation 426. Negative 427. Network 428. Networking 429. Neutral point of view 430. New post 431. Non-terminals 432. Notation 433. Note 434. Number 435. Numeral 436. Object 437. Offline 438. Online 439. Operating system 440. Option 441. Orphaned pages 442. Other languages 443. Outsourcing 444. Package / / /

445. Packets 446. Page layout 447. Page views 448. Page 449. Panel 450. Paperless office 451. Paragraph 452. Parallel processing computers 453. Parent category 454. Password 455. Paste 456. Patch 457. Peripherals 458. Permission 459. Personal Computer 460. Photograph 461. Picture 462. Piracy 463. Plug in 464. Pointer 465. Portable Printer 466. Portal 467. Post 468. Posting 469. Posts /

470. Preferences 471. Presentation 472. Press 473. Preview 474. Principals 475. Print 476. Printer 477. Privacy 478. Problem 479. Processor 480. Program 481. Programmers 482. Programming language 483. Prompt 484. Protect 485. Protection log 486. Protocols 487. Proxy Server 488. Public domain 489. Publications 490. Publish 491. Publisher 492. Publishing 493. Query 494. RAM (Random access memory) / / / / /

495. Random Page 496. Recent changes 497. Recovery tool 498. Redirects 499. Redo 500. Reference desk 501. Reference 502. Refresh 503. Reinstall 504. Release 505. Remember me 506. Removal 507. Remove 508. Replace 509. Reprogramming 510. Required 511. Reset 512. Restore 513. Result 514. Review 515. Revision 516. Right click 517. Root 518. Root directory 519. Router / / / /

520. Row 521. Rule 522. Save 523. Save as 524. Scanner 525. Screensaver 526. Search 527. Search engine 528. Search query 529. Search 530. Section 531. See also 532. Select 533. Sensor 534. Server 535. Sessions 536. Setting 537. Share my profile 538. Shared files 539. Shareware 540. Shortcut 541. Show all 542. Shutdown 543. Sign in 544. Sign off / / / / / / /

545. Sign out 546. Single click 547. Sister Projects 548. Site feed 549. Socket 550. Software 551. Software package 552. Sorting algorithms 553. Sorting and searching 554. Sound Card 555. Source code 556. Source 557. Space 558. Spacing 559. Spam 560. Speaker 561. Special pages 562. Specification 563. Spell checker 564. Split 565. Spooler 566. Spreadsheet 567. Standard 568. Standardisation 569. Stats / /

570. String literals 571. Structured programming 572. Stub 573. Subtitle 574. Suffix 575. Super Computer 576. Support 577. Syntax error 578. Sysop 579. System operator 580. System programmer 581. System 582. Tab 583. Technology 584. Template 585. Terminal 586. Terms of service 587. Text formatting 588. Text to speech 589. Text to voice 590. Theme 591. Theory 592. Thesis 593. Time zone 594. Title /

595. Toolbar 596. Top level domain 597. Transistor 598. Trash 599. Uncategorized 600. Undo 601. Unit 602. Update 603. Upgrade 604. Upload 605. URL 606. User 607. User account 608. Users guide 609. Utility 610. Vandalism 611. Variable 612. Version 613. Video blog 614. Video 615. View profile 616. View 617. Viewer 618. Virtual server 619. Virus / / ( ) / /

620. Visitor 621. Voice mail 622. Voice recognition 623. Volume 624. Watch list 625. Watch 626. Website 627. Window 628. Wireless 629. Wish list 630. Wizard 631. Word processor 632. Working environment 633. Worksheet 634. Workstation 635. World Wide Web (WWW) /

. . . : Application = Architecture = Home = :

Application = Architecture = Home =

, . . . . : "Blog = . "Comment = , . , , , " " , " , , , " " "

. . .

, . " great King" ; "Maharaja" , . . "Emperor" . " " . " "The

Google = Yahoo = = Maharaja (Organization Limited)

. "Branching = )" , . : Moderation = Post = Comment = System = Domain = . . . . . . : : , . . . . , : http://valavu.blogspot.com/ . , / . , Customize = ( .

(Common Nouns/Proper Nouns)

, , , . " , " .

. a, an, the . Common Nouns

No: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Common Nouns actor actresssuhashuhasi student river holiday religion month day boy girl school car store shop

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

language dog city man coffeeshop waiter jeans mobile book building country

Proper Nouns , " . , "

No: Proper Nouns 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Kamalahasan Suhashini Sarmilan Mississippi river 4th of July Hindu November

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Monday Sarmilan Tamilovia Kilinochchi central college BMW Pandian store Wal-Mart Tamil Puppy Chennai Uruththiran Starbuks Peter Levi's Nokia Thirukkural IFC Tower Hong Kong . .

Common Nouns and Proper Nouns . , . , , ' : , , , ' . ,

" "

" " .

, .

No: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Common Nouns actor actresssshuhashishi student river holiday religion month day boy girl school car store shop language dog city man coffeeshop waiter jeans mobile book building country

Proper Nouns Kamalahasan Suhashini Sarmilan Mississippi river 4th of July Hindu November Monday Sarmilan Tamilovia Kilinochchi central college BMW Pandian stores Wal-Mart Tamil Puppy Chennai Uruththiran Starbuks Peter Levi's Nokia Thirukkural IFC Tower Hong Kong
. (Nouns) .

(Countable Nouns & Uncountable Nouns)

, . . (Countable Nouns) . , . ( Countable nouns can be "counted".) , .

No: Countable Nouns 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 bookbookbookbookbook applesshuhashishi dog cat animal man person bottle box coin computer shirt trouser cup plate spoon

17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

fork table chair bag carton bowl calendar house people

: . ? ? : ! . , , ,

a book, two books, three books. an apple, two apples, three apples . (Countable nouns can be singular or plural.) book books apple apples . My dog is playing. My dogs are playing. , with countable nouns) My wife is a Doctor. Sarmilan is an English Teacher. (a/ an)

. (We can use the indefinite article a/an

, , , ,

, (Some, any, a few, may)

. (We can use some, any, a few, many with countable nouns.) I need to buy some new trousers Have you got any pens? I've got a few dollars. I haven't got many pens. (Uncountable Nouns)

Mass Nouns :

. (Uncountable nouns cannot be counted.) .

No: Uncountable Nouns 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 adviceadviceadviceadvice bread sshuhashishi rice sugar sand flour powder dust jelly oil water juice milk gas / ( / ) /

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

butter music furniture coffee wet messy rain knowledge electricity power news

. (We usually treat uncountable nouns as singular.) : Milk . , . . a liter of milk a bottle of milk , , ; ,

, . : a glass of water two glass of water ( ( ) )

three glass of water ? ,

) , . . .

water, wine, sugar, cheese, meat, butter, ketchup, mustard, rice, etc., a glass of water a bottle of wine a spoon of sugar a jug of water a slice of cheese a chunk of cheese a piece of cheese a piece of meat a slice of meat a pound of meat a bar of butter a bottle of ketchup a tube of mustard a kilo of rice a plate of rice , ? . . .( , .) , , , .

: 1. , (a/ an)

. (They do not take a/an before them.) 2. . . . Usually I have two coffees a day. . . , . . (Here coffees refers to the number of cups of coffee.) . Usually I have two cups of coffee a day. ( . . Can/Could I have some coffee, please? Can/Could I have a cup of coffee, please? ) (two coffees)

. , . 3. some, any, a little, much . I have got some money. Have you got any rice? I have got a little money. I haven't got much rice. , .

4.

, . (Some

uncountable nouns in English are countable in other languages including Tamil. ) . . Accommodation advice baggage bread equipment furniture garbage information knowledge luggage money news progress research travel work , , . . , , , ( , , , , ) ; , , , , , / /

, . : accommodation - a place to stay advice - a piece of advice

baggage - a piece of baggage bread - a slice of bread, a loaf of bread equipment - a piece of equipment furniture - a piece of furniture garbage - a piece of garbage information - a piece of information knowledge - a fact luggage - a piece of luggage, a bag, a suitcase money - a note, a coin news - a piece of news research - a piece of research, a research project travel - a journey, a trip work - a job, a position ! . . (Types of Nouns) . . !

| HK Arun

Third Person Singular (He, She, It: infinitive + e/ es)

He, She, It (Third Person Singular) s, es . . Third Person Singular (He, She, It: infinitive + e/ es)

I/We/They apply come bring

He/She/It applies comes brings

begin drive do draw drink eat forget feel fight fly give get go have keep know lie look make meet ride play put say sell

begins drives does draws drinks eats forgets feels fights flies gives gets goes has keeps knows lies looks makes meets rides plays puts says sells / / ( ) ,

send shake sing speak spit steal take tell think understand wear write watch
: He speaks in English.

sends shakes sings speaks spits steals takes tells thinks understands wears writes watches /

. She speaks in English. . It speaks in English. . Grammar Patterns 2 .

y .( : Try - tries Worry - worries )

ies

s, x, z, ch, sh, o" es : do - does go - goes 'have' have - has : He , It ( . ) s, es , She 'has' . .

Irregular verbs
Present arise allow appear bear beat beat become begin bend bind bite Past arose allowed appeared bore beat beat became began bent bound bit Past Participle arisen allowed appeared borne/born beaten beat become begun bent bound bitten

bleed blow boil borrow break bring burn burst build buy care carry catch choose clean climb close come complete cross cut deal decorate deceive devide dig do dream draw drink drive eat enter

bled blew boiled borrowed broke brought burnt burst built bought cared carried caught chose cleaned climbed closed came completed crossed cut dealt decorated deceived devided dug did dreamt drew drank drove ate entered

bled blown boiled brrowed broken brought burnt burst built bought cared carried caught chosen cleaned climbed closed come completed crossed cut dealt decoroted deceived devided dug done dreamt drawn drunk driven eaten entered

fall fall down fear feed feel fight find finish fly forget forgive freeze get give grind go grow hang have hear hide hire hit hold hunt hurt invite jump keep kick knock know knit

fell fell down feared fed felt fought found fnished flew forgot forgave froze got gave ground went grew hung had heard hid hired hit held hunted hurt invited jumped kept kicked knocked knew knit

fallen fallen down feared fed felt fought found finished flown forgot forgiven frozen got given ground gone grown hung had heard hidden hired hit held hunted hurt invited jumped kept kicked knocked known knit

learn leave lend let light lose make marry meet move obey open order pay pick plough pray prepare prove pull punish push put quarrel reach read refuse ride ring rise ruin run say

learnt/learned left lent let lit/lighted lost made married met moved obeyed opened ordered paid picked ploughed prayed prepared proved pulled punished pushed put quarreled reached read refused rode rang rose ruined run said

learnt/learned left lent let lit/lighted lost made married met moved obeyed opened ordered paid picked ploughed prayed prepared proved pulled punished pushed put quarreled reaced read refused ridden rung risen ruined run said

see seek sell send shake shear shine shoot show shrink shut sing sink sit sleep smell speak sow speed spell spend spill spoil spit spread steal sweep swear swell swim take teach tear

saw sought sold sent shook sheared shone shot showed shrank shut sang sank sat slept smelt/smelled spoke sowed sped spelt spent spilt spoilt spat/spit spread stole swept swore swelled swam took taught tore

seen sought sold sent shaken sheared shone shot showed shrunk shut sung sunk sat slept smelt/smelled spoken sown sped spelt spent spilt spoilt spat/spit spread stolen swept sworn swollen swum taken taught torn

tell test think throw trust understand wake wear weave weep wet win wish wring write
:

told tested thought threw trust/trusted undestood woke wore wove wept wet won wished wrung wrote

told tested thought thrown trust/trusted understood woken worn woven wept wet won wished wrung written

(All Three forms are similar) :

bet

bet

bet

(Present Tense and Past Tense are similar) :

beat

beat

beaten

(Present Tense and Past Particple are similar) :

come

came

come

(Past Tense and Past Participle are similar) :

bring

brought

brought

(All 3 forms are different) :

begin

began

begun

"

"

. " 10" .

"Irregular verbs "

( !

.)

(Parts of the human body)

. , . .

.
Aangilam. Body par...

No: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8A 9 9A 10

English Head Eyes Ears Cheek Nose Mouth Neck Nipple Shoulder Chest Rib Breast / ( ( ) ) /

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 20A 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

Arm Elbow Abdomen Umblicus/Bellybutton Groins Wrist Palm Fingers Vegina/Vulva Penis Testicle/scrotum Thigh Knee Calf Leg Ankle Foot Toes / /

No: English 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 Wrist Palm Thumb Little Finger Ring Finger Middle Finger Index Finger Knee Calf Leg Lowerleg Ankle

40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 52A 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63

Toes Toenails Foot heel Fist Nail Knuckle Muscle Skin Hair Forehead Eyebrow Eyelash Eyelid Eyeball Nose Nostril Face Chin Adam's apple Mustache Beard Lip Uvula Throat ( ) / / / / / ( ) ( )

64 65 66 67 68 69

Molars Premolars Canine incisors Gum Tongue /

No: 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84

English Belly Back Backbone Rib bone Buttock Anus/asshole Skull Muscular Nerve Endocrine Hip Lung Heart Kidney Brain / / ( )