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Executive Summary
1 Introduction
2 Basic Reservoir Data
2.1 Model-1
2.1.1 Porosity
2.1.2 Permeability
2.1.3 PVT Data
2.1.4 Capillary Pressure
2.1.5 Oil-Water Contact and Initial Pressure
2.2 Model-2
2.2.1 Porosity
2.2.2 Permeability
2.2.3 PVT Data
2.2.4 Capillary Pressure
2.2.5 Oil-Water Contact and Initial Pressure
3 Simulation Model
3.1 Fluids Initially In Place Case 1
3.2 Fluids Initially In Place Case 2
4 Well and Production Constraints
5 Sensitivities
6 Conclusions
Figures
Appendices
1 Introduction
An oil field containing a proposed well location is the subject of our simulation model.
Three simulation models were developed:
Case-1: The vertical well P1 located at the centre of Model-1.
Case-2: The vertical well P2V located at (X, Y): 15, 5 relative to Model-2.
Case-3: The Horizontal well P2H located at (X, Y): 15, 5 relative to Model-2.
The purpose of the study is to simulate the production for each case (Oil & Water) and the
pressure behaviour with respect to time; and compare the results.
The simulation will be performed using IFLO program Finite difference simulator which
assumes a block centred grid.
Layer 2
10
15
20
Porosity, %
Av. Porosity
NTG
15%
2.1.2 Permeability
The permeability values were assigned as following:
Layer 1 X,Y&Z
Directions
Layer 2 X,Y&Z
Directions
Layer 3 X,Y&Z
Directions
100
200
300
Permeability, (md)
2014.7
6014.7
Oil viscosity
(cp).
1.04
0.91
0.83
0.695
0.594
0.45
0.41
1.062
1.111
1.192
1.32
1.426
1.49
1.5
1
89
208
392
521
622
650
46.244
62.238
0.0647
Water phase
saturation (fr)
Oil-water capillary
pressure (psi)
0.5
0.5
0.5
Gas phase
saturation (fr
Gas-oil capillary
pressure (psi)
0.5
0.5
0.5
2.2 Model-2
2.2.1 Porosity
The model was constructed by assigning a single porosity value for each layer as
following:
Layer 1 (Top layer)
Layer 2
14
15
20
Porosity, %
Av. Porosity
NTG
16.3 %
2.2.2 Permeability
The permeability values were assigned as following:
X-Direction Layer
1,2&3
Y-Direction Layer
1,2&3
Z-Direction Layer
1,2&3
100
250
300
Permeability, (md)
2514.7
6014.7
Oil viscosity
(cp).
1.04
0.91
0.83
0.765
0.695
0.641
0.594
0.45
0.41
1.062
1.111
1.192
1.256
1.32
1.38
1.426
1.49
1.5
1
89
208
309
392
457
521
622
650
46.244
62.238
0.0647
Water phase
saturation (fr)
Oil-water capillary
pressure (psi)
0.604
0.2
0.604
0.3
0.207
0.0122
0.4
0.134
0.0244
0.5
0.057
0.0336
0.6
0.037
0.0672
0.7
0.0023
0.1344
0.8
0.0015
0.2688
0.9
0.4704
0.5
Gas phase
saturation (fr
Gas-oil capillary
pressure (psi)
0.604
0.1
0.207
0.2
0.134
0.075
0.3
0.057
0.19
0.4
0.037
0.41
0.5
0.0023
0.72
0.6
0.0015
0.87
0.7
0.94
3 Simulation Model
Both simulation models were represented as following:
No. Of Grids
Model-1
30
11
50
50
25
Model-2
30
11
48
52
24
(MSTB)
298.126
WATER IN PLACE
(MSTB)
(MMCF)
116.863
(MSTB)
447.248
WATER IN PLACE
(MSTB)
(MMCF)
175.317
(MSTB)
477.124
WATER IN PLACE
(MSTB)
146.766
(MMCF)
187.028
(MSTB)
1222.498
WATER IN PLACE
(MSTB)
146.766
(MMCF)
479.208
(MSTB)
375.372
WATER IN PLACE
(MSTB)
(MMCF)
171.542
(MSTB)
402.23
WATER IN PLACE
(MSTB)
(MMCF)
183.814
(MSTB)
402.274
WATER IN PLACE
(MSTB)
172.75
(MMCF)
183.834
(MSTB)
1179.875
WATER IN PLACE
(MSTB)
172.75
(MMCF)
539.19
Case-1
Case-2
Case-3
Well ID
P1
P2V
P2H
Type
Vertical
Vertical
(15, 5)
(10, 4)
(10, 4)
Simulation Model
Model-1
Model-2
Model-2
Perforated Layer
Layer 1 & 2
Layer 2
Layer 1, X Direction
Constraints
Max. Connections
30
30
30
1700
2000
2000
250
300
300
3650
3650
3650
500
500
50
500000
500
8000
The simulation model assumes a Gravity segregated oil, water and gas
saturations. This option assumes no solvent present at initialization.
5 Sensitivities
Case-1
Running the simulation model with the given information using IFLO gave us
the following results:
7000
6000
5000
4000
Av.Pressure
3000
2000
1000
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
300
80
70
60
200
50
40
150
30
100
20
250
10
50
0
0
-10
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Time, Day
OPR
WPR
25
120
20
100
15
80
10
60
5
40
20
-5
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
140
CUMOIL
CUMWAT
Time, Days
250
125,000
77,653
19,438
Case-2
PAVG
6000
Pressure, Psia
5000
4000
3000
PAVG
2000
1000
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
Time, Days
350
12
300
10
250
200
150
100
50
-2
0
100
200
300
400
500
OPR
WPR
Time, Days
0.6
120
0.5
100
0.4
80
0.3
60
0.2
40
0.1
20
140
-0.1
0
100
200
300
400
CUMOIL
500
Time, Days
CUMWAT
300
116,400
62,858
42,944
Case-3
PAVG
6000
5000
4000
3000
PAVG
2000
1000
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1
0.9
300
0.8
250
0.7
200
0.6
0.5
150
0.4
100
0.3
0.2
50
350
0.1
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
OPR
WPR
Time, Days
140
0.9
0.8
120
0.7
100
0.6
80
0.5
60
0.4
160
0.3
40
0.2
20
0.1
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
CUMOIL
CUMWAT
Time, Days
300
150,000
149,740
1.6
700
1.4
1
400
0.8
300
0.6
200
0.4
100
1.2
500
600
0.2
RSO
0
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
Pressure (psia)
5000
0
6000
MUO
BO
0.035
1
0.9
0.03
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.02
0.5
0.015
0.4
0.3
0.01
0.025
0.2
0.005
0.1
0
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
Pressure, (psia)
5000
0
6000
MUG
BG
1.02
0.507
1.018
0.506
1.016
0.505
1.014
0.504
1.012
1.01
0.503
1.008
0.502
1.006
0.501
1.004
0.5
1.002
0.499
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
Pressure (psia)
5000
1
6000
MUW
BW
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.9
0.9
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Water Saturation
0.7
0.8
0.9
KROW
KRW
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Gas Saturation
0.8
0.9
KROG
KRG
for
reservoir
simulation
NX
NY
NZ
NWL
NCON
"30,"
"11,"
"3,"
"1,"
30
GRID
BLOCK LENGTHS
-1
-1
-1
-1
50
50
25
25
GRID
BLOCK LENGTH MODIFICATIONS
"0,"
"0,"
"0,"
"0,"
0
DEPTH TO
TOP
OF
UPPER SAND
-1
8000
MODULI AND
ROCK DENSITY
-1
-1
-1
-1
2.00E+06
5.00E+06
2.00E+06
167
MODULI AND
ROCK DENSITY MODIFICATIONS
0
0
0
0
0
POROSITY
AND
PERMEABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS
0
0.1
100
100
100
POROSITY
PORE
"0,"
"0,"
VOLUME
"0,"
RELATIVE
PBO
OIL:
0
0.15
200
200
200
AND
2
SWT
0
0.5
1
SGT
0
0.5
1
VOSLP
2014.7
P
14.7
514.7
1014.7
2014.7
0
0
0.2
300
300
300
PERMEABILITY
"0,"
AND
MODIFICATION CARDS
"0,"
0
TRANSMISSIBILITY
"0,"
"0,"
"0,"
0
PERMEABILITY-CAPILLARY PRESSURE
1
KROW KRW
1
0
0.5
0.5
0
1
KROG KRG
1
0
0.5
0.5
0
1
BOSLP BWSLP
".000046,"
MUO BO
1.04
1.062
0.91
1.111
0.83
1.192
0.695 1.32
PCOW
0
0
0
PCGO
0
0
0
PMAX
"-.000023,"
RSO
1
89
208
392
MODIFICATIONS
DATA
"-3E-6," 6014.7
CONSTANT
SATURATION
GORMAX
PAMIN PAMAX
500
8000
DPMAX ITMAX RTOL
NERR
100
5
0.001 1
OIL: P
MUO
BO
RSO
14.7, 1.0400, 1.0620, 1.0
514.7, 0.9100, 1.1110, 89.0
1014.7, 0.8300, 1.1920, 208.0
1514.7, 0.7650, 1.2560, 309.0
2014.7, 0.6950, 1.3200, 392.0
2514.7, 0.6410, 1.3800, 457.0
3014.7, 0.5940, 1.4260, 521.0
4014.7, 0.5100, 1.4720, 586.0
5014.7, 0.4500, 1.4900, 622.0
6014.7, 0.4100, 1.5000, 650.0
WATER: P
MUW
BW
RSW
14.7, 0.5000, 1.0190, 0.0
514.7, 0.5005, 1.0175
0.0
1014.7, 0.5010, 1.0160,
0.0
1514.7, 0.5015, 1.0145,
0.0
2014.7, 0.5020, 1.0130,
0.0
2514.7, 0.5025, 1.0115,
0.0
3014.7, 0.5030, 1.0100,
0.0
4014.7, 0.5040, 1.0070,
0.0
5014.7, 0.5050, 1.0040,
0.0
6014.7, 0.5060, 1.0010,
0.0
P
MUG
BG
CR
14.7, 0.008000, 0.935800, 0.000003
514.7, 0.011200, 0.035200, 0.000003
1014.7, 0.014000, 0.018000, 0.000003
1514.7, 0.016500, 0.012000, 0.000003
2014.7, 0.018900, 0.009100, 0.000003
2514.7, 0.020800, 0.007400, 0.000003
3014.7, 0.022800, 0.006300, 0.000003
4014.7, 0.026000, 0.004900, 0.000003
5014.7, 0.028500, 0.004000, 0.000003
6014.7, 0.030000, 0.003400, 0.000003
RHOSCO RHOSCW RHOSCG
46.244, 62.238, 0.0647
SOLVENT MODEL
0, 0
EQUILIBRIUM PRESSURE INITIALIZATION / CONSTANT SATURATION INITIALIZATION SOI, SWI,
SGI
0, 3
8071, 5500, 0, 0
1, 0.0, 0.0
KSW1 KSW2 KSW3
0 0 0
NMAX FACT1 FACT2 TMAX WORMAX GORMAX PAMIN PAMAX
500 1.0 1.0 500 50 500000 500 8000
KSOL MITR OMEGA TOL NCYCLE DSMAX DPMAX ITMAX RTOL NERR
4 100 1.20 0.001
0 0.05 100.0
5 0.001 1
WEIGHT
1.0
AQUIFER MODEL
0
RECURRENT DATA
*** DATA SET 1 ***
1, 1, 1, 2
3650
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1
1, 1, 1, 1, 1
1, 1, 1, 1, 1
2.0, 1.0, 5.0
WELL INFORMATION
1 0 0
NEW WELL
P-1
1, 1, 0
10, 4, 2, 4.8 2000
1, 300.0, 0.0, 0.0,
0.0,
0.0
PBO
VOSLP BOSLP BWSLP PMAX
2514.7 .000046 -.000023 0.0 6014.7
OIL: P
MUO
BO
RSO
14.7, 1.0400, 1.0620, 1.0
514.7, 0.9100, 1.1110, 89.0
1014.7, 0.8300, 1.1920, 208.0
1514.7, 0.7650, 1.2560, 309.0
2014.7, 0.6950, 1.3200, 392.0
2514.7, 0.6410, 1.3800, 457.0
3014.7, 0.5940, 1.4260, 521.0
4014.7, 0.5100, 1.4720, 586.0
5014.7, 0.4500, 1.4900, 622.0
6014.7, 0.4100, 1.5000, 650.0
WATER: P
MUW
BW
RSW
14.7, 0.5000, 1.0190, 0.0
514.7, 0.5005, 1.0175
0.0
1014.7, 0.5010, 1.0160,
0.0
1514.7, 0.5015, 1.0145,
0.0
2014.7, 0.5020, 1.0130,
0.0
2514.7, 0.5025, 1.0115,
0.0
3014.7, 0.5030, 1.0100,
0.0
4014.7, 0.5040, 1.0070,
0.0
5014.7, 0.5050, 1.0040,
0.0
6014.7, 0.5060, 1.0010,
0.0
P
MUG
BG
CR
14.7, 0.008000, 0.935800, 0.000003
514.7, 0.011200, 0.035200, 0.000003
1014.7, 0.014000, 0.018000, 0.000003
1514.7, 0.016500, 0.012000, 0.000003
2014.7, 0.018900, 0.009100, 0.000003
2514.7, 0.020800, 0.007400, 0.000003
3014.7, 0.022800, 0.006300, 0.000003
4014.7, 0.026000, 0.004900, 0.000003
5014.7, 0.028500, 0.004000, 0.000003
6014.7, 0.030000, 0.003400, 0.000003
RHOSCO RHOSCW RHOSCG
46.244, 62.238, 0.0647
SOLVENT MODEL
0, 0
EQUILIBRIUM PRESSURE INITIALIZATION / CONSTANT SATURATION INITIALIZATION SOI, SWI,
SGI
0, 3
8071, 5500, 0, 0
1, 0.0, 0.0
KSW1 KSW2 KSW3
0 0 0
NMAX FACT1 FACT2 TMAX WORMAX GORMAX PAMIN PAMAX
500 1.0 1.0 500 50 500000 500 8000
KSOL MITR OMEGA TOL NCYCLE DSMAX DPMAX ITMAX RTOL NERR
4 100 1.20 0.001
0 0.05 100.0
5 0.001 1
WEIGHT
1.0
AQUIFER MODEL
0
RECURRENT DATA
*** DATA SET 1 ***
1, 1, 1, 2
3650
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1
1, 1, 1, 1, 1
1, 1, 1, 1, 1
2.0, 1.0, 5.0
WELL INFORMATION
1 0 0
NEW WELL
P-1
1, 10, 0
10, 4, 1, 4.8 2000
11, 4, 1, 4.8 2000
12, 4, 1, 4.8 2000
13, 4, 1, 4.8 2000
14, 4, 1, 4.8 2000
15, 4, 1, 4.8 2000
16, 4, 1, 4.8 2000
17, 4, 1, 4.8 2000
18, 4, 1, 4.8 2000
19, 4, 1, 4.8 2000
1, 300.0, 0.0, 0.0,
0.0,
0.0