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ATM test ATM testing ATM installation ATM maintenance ATM pocket guide ATM reference ATM solutions

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Trends ATM Guide


NNI Format VPI VPI VCI PTI HEC CLP VCI PTI HEC CLP VPI

Quick Reference for ATM testing


AuroraForte A powerful tool for testing the Physical, ATM and IP layer operation of ATM circuits. Provides IMA, E1, E3, DS1, DS3, ATM25, STM1/OC3 and STM4/OC12 interfaces for unparalleled multi-circuit testing ATM, xDSL and 3G networks. Physical and ATM BER testing is provided. Advanced features, AAL5, OAM, QoS, SVC support and IP Ping over ATM, protocol decoding and remote testing, analysis of IP traffic composition. VictoriaSDH/ATM/IP This family of testers combines full SDH/ SONET features up to 2.5 Gbit/s and ATM capabilities up to 155Mbit/s. Transmission functions include TCM, APS, M/N alarms G.783 sequences, frequency deviation and nx64 and Nx56kbit/s tests at E1 and DS1 levels. ATM features include generation and analysis of ATM flows,QoS, OAM flows, generating and analysing AAL1, AAL2, AAL5, and also provides analysis of IP traffic composition.

byte 1 2 3 4 5 6 53

UNI Format GFC VPI

Payload

Payload

Figure 1

ATM Cell format

Function VPI VCI Unassigned 0 0 Invalid <> 0 0 Idle 0 0 Metasignaling UNI *any 1 Broadcast UNI *any 2 Segment OAM F4 any 3 E2E OAM F4 any 4 P2P Signaling *any 5 VP Management any 6 ILMI 0 16 PNNI 0 18 Segment OAM F5 any not 0, 3, 4, 6 or 7 E2E OAM F5 any not 0, 3, 4, 6 or 7 VC Management any not 0, 3, 4, 6 or 7 User data any > 31

PTI any any 0 0xx any 0xx 0x0 0xx 110 z 0 100 101 110 0xx

CLP 0 0 1 any any any any any any any any any any any any

y b k l c i a VCs D

R M Physical Media Cell Stream M

R l c D VPs

y b k a i

VPs

VCs

* For VPI=0 the specific VCI is reserved for signalling with the local exchange or ATM switch where the user is connected. For VPI values other than 0 specific VCI value is reserved for signalling with other signalling entities (e.g. other users or remote networks)

Figure 2

Hierarchical representation of VP and VC and reserved VPI/VCI values

a)
a b c d H A B

in out
A In

Port VPI VCI K y L z -

b)

in out

Port VPI VCI K i j L m n


a In Out d
H A B

B Out

In Out In Out

In Out In Out

e f g h
C

e f

a c

D E

g h

Figure 3

ATM switch operation: a) VP-type b) VC-type

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a b c d

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In 1 VPI/VCI B/Out 3 VPI/VCI C/-

VPI/VCI=A/a
B/b CI = PI/V

VP Switch

In VPI/VCI 2 D/b

Out VPI/VCI 3 E/c

TE In 1

VC Switch VPI/VCI A/a Out VPI/VCI 2 B/b

VPI/VCI=C/b

VC Switch

TE

/b I=D VC / I VP
VP Switch In VPI/VCI 2 C/Out 3 VPI/VCI D/-

VPI/VCI=E/c

Figure 4
TE

Direction of allocating VPI/VCI identifiers


TE VC switch Virtual channel link VC switch

VC

VCI=a

VC
VP switch

VCI=b
Virtual path link

VC

VCI=c

VC

VP

VPI=A

VP

VPI=B

VP

VPI=C

VP

VPI=D

VP

VPI=E

VP

UNI

NNI

NNI Virtual Path Connection (VPC) Virtual Channel Connection (VCC)

NNI

UNI

SLA

TE

Terminal equipment

Figure 5

Virtual channel connection and virtual path connection


Management Plane Control Plane

User Plane

Management Plane Management Plane Control Plane User Plane


Signaling

User Plane Plane Control Plane

Control Plane

Higher Signaling Layers (Q.2931)

User Plane

Signaling

Higher Signaling Layers (Q.2931)

AAL SAAL Layer Layer ATM Layer Physical Layer

SAAL Layer ATM Layer Physical Layer

SAAL Layer ATM Layer Physical Layer

AAL SAAL Layer Layer ATM Layer Physical Layer

TE
AAL ATM Adaptation Layer

VC Switch
SAAL

VC Switch
Signal ATM Adaptation Layer???

TE

Figure 6

Layers and planes implemented in terminal equipment (TE) and switches

ATM test ATM testing ATM installation ATM maintenance ATM pocket guide ATM reference ATM solutions 3G test, 3G testing, 3G installation, 3G maintenance, 3G commissioning, 3G Set up
Sources

AAL Layer AAL 1 AAL 2 AAL 3/4 AAL 5


Voice, Video Low-rate channels Data Low Overhead Slots

ATM Layer
Payload

Physical Layer
Slots

48-byte

48

+ + + + +

Header

Fiber Coaxial

ATM cells

STP
Frames

53 bytes

UTP Wireless

Figure 7

ATM process for transmission


Packets User Data

STP UTP

Shielded Twisted Pair Unshielded Twisted Pair

Continuous Stream

Upper Layers
Convergence sublayer

n bytes

AAL-SAP

AAL-SAP

CS-PDU
48 bytes

Segmentation & reassembly

AAL

SAR-PDU
48 bytes

SAR-PDU SAR-PDU SAR-PDU ATM-SAP ATM-SAP


STP

ATM-PDU SLA
53 bytes

ATM

ATM-PDU ATM-PDU ATM-PDU PL-SAP

ATM-PDU ATM-PDU ATM-PDU


53 bytes

Physical Layer

Figure 8
a) AAL2

Protocol Data Unit (PDU) exchange between ATM layers


b) AAL3/4 and AAL5
AAL-SAP AAL-SAP SSCS (or null) CS CPCS

SSCS SSCS CID = x CPS CPS ATM-SAP CID = y CID = z

SAR ATM-SAP

SAR

Figure 9

a) Multiplexing many channels (CIDs) in one ATM connection (AAL2 only) b) Multiplexing structure for AAL3/4 and AAL5

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SSCS

SSCS

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bytes bits 1 3 3 1 48 bytes

CSI SC SN

CRC SNP

SAR-PDU

Figure 10

AAL1 structure

Channel 1
Size (bytes) m, n, o, p, ...

Channel 2 CID=y
CPS-SDU CPS-PDU

Channel 3 CID=x
CPS-SDU CPS-PDU

Channel 4 CID=x
CPS-SDU CPS-PDU Padding

CID=x
CPS-SDU CPS-PDU

m+3, n+3,....

48

53

Header

Payload Header Payload Header CPS STF Payload Common Part Sublayer Start Field

CPS

STF

CID bits 0 7

LI UUI HEC 13 18 23

OSF SN P bits 0 6 7

Figure 11

AAL2 format
SLA

CS-PDU: SAR-PDU:

bytes

n bytes

CPI BT
2 44

BA
2

user data

AL ET

LEN

head

SDU
BOM

trail

head

SDU COM

trail

...

head

SDU EOM

trail

ST SN MID
bits 6 4 10

LI
6

CRC
10

AL BA BOM BT

Alignment Buffer Allocation Size Beginning of Message Burst Tolerance

COM CPI EOM ET

Continuation of Message Common Part Indicator End of Message End Tag

LEN LI MID P

Length Length Indicator Multiplex Identifier Padding

SDU SN ST

Service Data Unit Sequence Number Segment Type

Figure 12

AAL3/4 format
1 to 65,535 2

bytes

0-47

CS-PDU:
header 5 48

User data

PAD

UU CPI

LI

CRC

SAR-PDU:

PT BOM PTI=xx0

payload

PT COM PTI=xx0

payload

...

PT

payload

...

EOM PTI= xx1

Figure 13

AAL5 format

ATM test ATM testing ATM installation ATM maintenance ATM pocket guide ATM reference ATM solutions 3G test, 3G testing, 3G installation, 3G maintenance, 3G commissioning, 3G Set up

a0

a1

a2

a3 t

ttx trx

c1 c0

c0 c1

c2 c2

c0 1-CDV T=1/PCR

c1 1-CDV T=1/PCR

c2

c3 1-CDV T=1/PCR

CTD0
Cell transmission Cell reception

CTD1

CTD2

1-CDV = ck - ak

2-CDV1 = CTD1 - CTD0 2-CDV2 = CTD2 - CTD0

Figure 14

Representation of the 1-CDV and 2-CDV parameters

VP/VC switch VC layer

VP/VC switch
End-to-end gener. Segmented gener.

VP switch VP layer VP layer

VP layer

Processing VCI=4 VCI=3 User Data VCs

VCI=3 F4 flow

SLA VCI=4
VPI=Z

VCI=4

VPI=X

Figure 15

End-to-end and segmented F4 flows in a supervised VPC

End device VC layer AAL layer

End device

VP/VC Switch VCI=m VCI=m VCI=m VCI=n VCI=n

VP/VC Switch VCI=n VCI=n VCI=q VCI=q VCI=q End-to-end gener. Segmented gener. Processing

VP layer

PTI=101 VPI=X VPI=W PTI=100 PTI=101 VPI=Z Other VPs

Figure 16

End-to-end and segmented F5 flows transmitted across the monitored VCC

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PTI=100

ATM test ATM testing ATM installation ATM maintenance ATM pocket guide ATM reference ATM solutions 3G test, 3G testing, 3G installation, 3G maintenance, 3G commissioning, 3G Set up
End Device VP/VC Switch VP Switch VC-RDI VC-AIS VP-RDI VP-RDI VP-AIS VP-RDI VP/VC Switch End Device

Event detection OAM generation

Figure 17

Generating VP-AIS/RDI and VC-AIS/RDI type OAM cells

Payload

Header
bits

Type
4

Function
4

Function-Specific Field OAM structure


45 bytes

Reserved
6

CRC 10
10 x10+x9+x5+x4+x+1

OAM Type Code Fault management Performance management Activation & deactivation

Function

Code 0000 0001 0100 1000 0000 0001 0000 0001

AIS 0001 RDI Continuity Loopback 0010 FPM BPM 1000 Performance Continuity

Fault type
1

Fault location
16

6Ah
28

AIS and RDI


6Ah
8

Loopback
1

Correlation
4

Location ID
16

Source ID
16

Loopback Performance management Act/Deactivation

MSCN TUC1 BIP16 TUC0 TST 6Ah TRC0 BLER TRC1


1 2 2 2 4 29 2 1 2

SLA

MID
6bits

Direction Correlation
2bits 8bits

PMA-B
4bits

PMB-A
4bits

6Ah
336bits

Figure 18

Format of OAM cells

Payload

Header
bytes 5

SN
4

TS
4

Not used
37

TCPT
1

CRC16
2

SN TCPT TS

Sequence Number Test Cell Payload Type Time Stamp

Figure 19

Format of an O.191 test cell

Payload

Header Header Header Header


bytes 5

Pseudo-Random Pseudo-Random Bit Sequence Bit Sequence (PRBS) (PRBS) Fixed Fixed word word defined defined by the by user the user
48

Figure 20

Test cell format to measure BER

ATM test ATM testing ATM installation ATM maintenance ATM pocket guide ATM reference ATM solutions 3G test, 3G testing, 3G installation, 3G maintenance, 3G commissioning, 3G Set up
a b A B xDSL A ATM PHY a b c d

DSLAM (xTU-C)

xTU-R

Network Termination

Local Loop

B C ATM link

xTU-R

C xDSL

Figure 21

Multiplexing ATM in the DSLAM

ATM SONET/SDH

ATM WLL

Air interface Base Station CPE1


Ethernet PHY E1 in/out E1 in/out

Bridge

Router

CPE2
LLC Ethernet PHY n x 64 k in/out E1 in/out

Ethernet LLC/ SNAP AAL1 AAL1 AAL5

SLA

PPP RFC 2596 AAL5 AAL1 AAL1 ATM WLL

ATM PHY - WLL

Figure 22

Structure and protocols for WLL network elements

Uu Uu UE NodeB Uu NodeB Uu UE Uu NodeB Uu UE NodeB Uu NodeB NodeB NodeB Uu NodeB

UTRAN
nxE1 ATM

GSM

ISDN

PSTN

RNC

STM-n MSC MSC VLR VLR Optical Core MGW

QoS enabled IP backbone


PRC EIR

nxE1 ATM STM-1 ATM

2 Mbit/s SSU 155 Mbit/s

nxE1 ATM Iub E3 ATM RNC

HLR STM-n SGSN GGSN DNS AUC

RNS GPRS

OMC Intranet DHCP Internet NMC

Figure 23

UMTS/3G architecture

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ATM test ATM testing ATM installation ATM maintenance ATM pocket guide ATM reference ATM solutions 3G test, 3G testing, 3G installation, 3G maintenance, 3G commissioning, 3G Set up

Acronyms
1-CDV One point Cell Delay Variation PM 2-CDV Two point Cell Delay Variation PNNI ATM Adaption Layer, can be divided PTI AAL
into CS and SAR Performance Monitoring Private Network-Network Interface Payload Type Indicator - 0xx: user data, x0x: No congestion; x1x: Congestion; xx0: BOM, xx1:EOM Permanent Virtual Circuit Quality of Service Radio Network Controller Radio Network Subsystem Service Access Point Segmentation and Reassembly Sequence count. Service Data Unit Sequence Number Subnetwork Access Protocol Sequence Number Protection Service Specific CS Start Field Switched Virtual Connection Total Received Cell Count Time Stamp Total User Cell Number User-Network Interface Universal Mobile Telecommunications System User-to-User Indication Virtual Channel Connection Virtual Channel Identifier Virtual Path Connection Virtual Path Identifier Wireless Local Loop

ATM BIP BLER CID CLP CPCS CPI CPS CS CSI CTD E2E GFC GPRS HEC ILMI LI LLC MID MSCN NNI OAM

Asynchronous Transfer Mode Bit Interleaved Parity Block Error Result Channel Identifier Cell Loss Priority Common Part CS Common Part Indicator Common Part Sublayer Convergence Sublayer, can be divided into SSCS and CPCS Convergence Sublayer Indicator Cell Tansfer Delay End to End Generic Flow Control General Packet Radio Service Header Error Control Interim Local Management Interface Length Indicator Logical Link Control Message Identifier Monitoring Cell Sequence Number

PVC QoS RNC RNS SAP SAR SC SDU SN SNAP SNP SSCS SSU STF SVC TRC TST TUC UNI UTRAN UUI VCC VCI VPC VPI WLL

Network-to-Network Interface Operation, Administration, and Maintenance Operation System Function OSF Point to point P2P PAD or Padding PAD Padding used to cell align P

PCR PDU

Peak Cell Rate Protocol Data Unit

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More information in: Installation and Maintenance of SDH/SONET, ATM, XDSL, and Synchronization Networks. 2003 (c) Artech House, ISBN:1580535259

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