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March 19th 2014 Research methods for linguistics (M Jess) The role of ethics committees is to oversee the research

carried out in their organizations in relation to ethical issues. It is they who formulate the research ethics code of conduct and monitor its application in the research carried out by members of their organizations. Applying for ethics approval inevitably involves filling in forms. HONESTY IN YOUR WORK Honesty: engender a level of trust and credibility in the outcomes of the research>applicable to all researches Most important issues -Intellectual ownership and plagiarism -Acknowledgment and citation -Data and interpretations -Where do you stand? Plagiarism (Walliman 2011): 1. Directly copying someone elses work into your report, thesis, etc. and letting it be assumed that is your own 2. Using the thoughts, ideas and works of others without acknowledging their source, even if you paraphrased into your own words. 3. Claiming solo authorship of work, which is in fact the result of collaboration or amanuensis. Paraphrase: One of the main challenges students face in the academic context is writing essays. Students tend to use many direct quotations taken from other articles or books. Thereby, students are encouraged to paraphrase texts rather than just taking direct copies from the original texts. Summary: Taking into account that direct quotations should just occupy 10% of an essay, James Lester encourages students to paraphrase or summarize and keep transcriptions to a minimum. Honesty: intellectual ownership and plagiarism Unless otherwise stated, what you write will be regarded as your own work; i.e. the ideas will be considered your own unless you say the contrary. Solution> Citation You need sources>Citation Doing research for a paper is an exploration and learning process. By acknowledging our sources we show our reader the path we took to come to our conclusions. Citing the authors we read shows how we tied others research and

ideas together and how we came to learn about and develop our own ideas and opinions. Why should you cite your sources? -Citations reflect the careful and thorough work you have put into locating and exploring your sources. -Citations help readers understand the context of your argument and are a courtesy to the reader, who may share your interest in a particular area of study. -Citation allows you to acknowledge those authors who contributed to your learning and your work. -Citations, by illustrating your own learning process, also draw attention to the originality and legitimacy of your own ideas. -By citing sources you demonstrate your integrity and skill as a responsible students and participant in your field of study. WHEN TO CITE SOURCES? While professors and scholars may have specific requirements based on the needs of their discipline, there are cases where you should always cite your sources. Direct quotes of more than one word. If the authors words are powerful or you need to be specific for your argument, the authors words can be used as a direct quote. Paraphrasing or summarizing. If you want to use someone elses idea to help you make your point or to support your own ideas, in this case you would translate the ideas into your own words. Information which ma be common knowledge but still unfamiliar to your reader. This would also include statistical information which may be familiar information but still requires confirmation. Not just book or articles should be cited but interviews, websites, TV programs Whenever you are not sure if something should be cited, err on the side of caution and cite sources. APA Style, MLA style, The Chicago Manual of Style, Harvard referencing, ASA Style, ALWD Citation Manual, Libro blanco del trabajo de fin de grado In general All of them consist of brief annotations or numbers places within the text that identify the cited material, and a list of references at the end of the text that give the full publication details of the source material. Acknowledgement and citation These methods of references cater for different quotatios or ideas, etc. from the work of others gathered from a wide variety of sources (such as books, journals, conferences, talks, interviews, TV programs, etc. ), and should be meticulously mentioned Responsibilty and accountability of the researcher Correct attribution+honesty> essential Honesty: responsibilities to fellow researchers, respondents (participants), the public and the academic community

Accurate descriptions are required of what you have done, how you have done it, the information you obtained, the techniques you used, the analysis you carried out, and the results of experiments. Data and interpretations Although it is difficult, and some maintain that it is impossible, to be free from bias, distorting your data or results knowingly is a serious lapse of honesty. -If you can see any reason for a possibility of bias in any aspect of the research, it should be acknowledged and explained. -If the study involves personal judgments and assessments, the basis for these should be given. -Silently rejecting or ignoring evidence, which happens to be contrary to ones beliefs, or being too selective in the data used and in presenting the results of the analysis constitutes a breach of integrity. The sources of financial support for the research activities should be mentioned, and pressure and sponsorship from sources, which might influence the impartiality of the research outcomes, should be avoided.

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