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51st Edition, FEBRUARY 25th 2014

WHY BREAKFAST IS SO IMPORTANT

Fitri Yuliyanti HSE Admin PT.National Utility Helicopters

Source : Aviation Safety Bulletin - Civil Aviation Authority of Fiji

51st Edition, FEBRUARY 25th 2014

DEVIATION AROUND WEATHER


During every wet season there is a noticeable increase in the number of safety reports submitted for aircraft; deviating off route without a clearance; deviating off route by more than the cleared amount; or reporting back on route when they are not. While the majority of these deviations are due to weather, and considered necessary by the pilot for safety reasons, they have on occasion contributed to significant occurrences, including breakdowns of separation.

In the Australian I!s, all airspace above "#$% is &lass A, with separation predicated on aircraft operating along the defined centre line of their cleared route. Improvements in aircraft navigation accuracy, increasing traffic levels and the re'uirement to improve operating efficiency has, over time, led to a reduction in the separation standards re'uired between aircraft in non radar airspace. I&A( Doc $$$ ) Air *raffic +anagement re'uires lateral separation to be applied so that the distance between those portions of the intended routes for which the aircraft are to be laterally separated is never less than a distance that accounts for navigational inaccuracies plus a specified buffer ,in Australia this buffer is -.+/. *his means that if an aircraft deviates by more than -.+ from its cleared route, allowing for navigation e'uipment and other inaccuracies, the probability of infringing separation standards between aircraft is increased. I&A( Doc $$$$ and AI0 Australia provide guidance to pilots in relation to weather deviations in &ontrolled Airspace, including1 *he re'uirement to obtain a clearance from A*&, 2ow to obtain priority from A*&, and What to do if you cannot obtain a clearance from A*&.
Fitri Yuliyanti HSE Admin PT.National Utility Helicopters

51st Edition, FEBRUARY 25th 2014

It is acknowledged that all scenarios cannot be covered in I&A( publications or AI0 and that under the rules of the air, and in the interests of safety, the pilot may deviate from route as necessary. 2owever, by re'uesting clearance from A*& prior to commencing or increasing the diversion, the likelihood of infringing the separation standard with another aircraft is significantly reduced. AI0 states that if unable to obtain a clearance and the pilot in command considers the deviation necessary, a 0A. call specifying details of the deviation must be broadcast on the appropriate fre'uencies. It should also be noted that, even though your aircraft may be outside of radar surveillance airspace, if AD345 or AD34& e'uipped, A*& will be aware of your position and your deviation off route will be observed.

Summary
Deviating off route due to weather is a fre'uent re'uirement, particularly during the wet season, and is often complicated by a range of factors. 0rocedures have been implemented regarding the majority of scenarios that may eventuate when deviating, including the pilot6s overall responsibility for the safety of their aircraft and the right to deviate without A*& clearance if safety is jeopardised. 2owever, pilots should be aware that due to the reduced tolerances of today6s separation standards, coupled with the sheer volume of aircraft operating within Australian airspace, to preserve the safety of the airways system A*& should be contacted for a clearance prior to the deviation being commenced.
Fitri Yuliyanti HSE Admin PT.National Utility Helicopters

Sumber: http://www.airservicesaustralia.com/

51st Edition, FEBRUARY 25th 2014

ADVANTAGES VOLCANOES OF VOLCANOES


Although volcanoes have the reputation of being very dangerous, (Volcanoes can kill people and animals. They can be very destructive.) there nevertheless are advantages of living near a volcano.

Volcanoes provide resources for energy extraction, also called geothermal resources. Heat from the earth's crust is being converted to energy. The big advantages to this type of energy are that it is very clean and the resources are nearly inexhaustible. When a volcano erupts it throws out a lot of ash. At short notice this ash can be very harmful to the environment, but on the long term the ash layer, which contains many useful minerals, will be converted to a very fertile soil. Nearly everywhere volcanoes are located people use the rich soil for farming. Even after an eruption people still return because of the fertile soil around the volcano. Volcanoes can produce very spectacular scenery like the beautiful sunsets caused by explosive eruptions. Other features include plant-rich environments, stunning eruptions, beautiful lava fountains etc.

Source: http://library.thinkquest.org/17457/volcanoes/advantages.php

Fitri Yuliyanti HSE Admin PT.National Utility Helicopters

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