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Poultry production in Vietnam has a bright future

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Poultry production in Vietnam has undergone a vigorous development over the last few decades. With governmental organisations providing financial and technological support and regional businesses providing investment, this industry is boasting a bright future.
By Dr. Doan Xuan Truc, Vietnamese National Livestock Corporation, Vietnam.
oultry production in Vietnam has been going on for many years. In the early stages, the scale was small, each household held a few chickens, a duck in the backyard free range, with local chicken breeds. In the late 1960s, some industrial chicken breeds were imported into Vietnam. However, as the facilities were poor, the new breeds did not exist for long. In mid-1974, Cuba helped Vietnam to form the industrial chicken breeding system with two breeds: the Leghorn for laying type and the Plymouth Rock for meat type. Later, with the help from Cuba and the FAO, some chicken breeds with higher productivity were imported into Vietnam, such as Hybro (1985), Goldline (1990), BE (1993); and duck breeds such as CV Super M (1989), Khaki Campbell (1990). This was the premise for the development of the poultry industry, together with the construction of a number of chicken and duck breeding farms in areas near cities and highlands. Technologies in nutrition and animal feed production, veterinary, preventative and advanced technologies in breeding, egg hatching, breed selection and cross-breeding, have successfully been studied in Vietnam and been received and transferred by famous poultry brands in the world. It can be said that the period 1990-1999 was the strong developing course for the poultry industry in Vietnam. Many chicken parent stocks have been imported into Vietnam and have been developing vigorously, such as Arbor Acres, Hubbard, Avian, ISA MPK, Ross, Lohmann, ISA Brown, Hyline, Lohmann Brown, Brown Nick, Dekalb; the colourfeathered chickens such as Sasso, Kabir, ISA JA57, Tam Hoang, Luong Phuong; the CV Super M, Khaki Campbell, CV 2000 ducks; French Muscovy ducks R31-R51, French pigeon and African ostrich.

Governmental support
The government also helped to assist with upgrading and building technical facilities, such as poultry farms, hatcheries, feedmills, as well as providing funds for importing PS&GPS breeds and investment for research and training. Together with foreign investment encouraging policies, many foreign
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companies have come to Vietnam to invest in animal feed production, parent breeding farms and hatcheries, such as the CP Group (Charoen Pokphand Thailand), Proconco In the past decade, Vietnam has maintained a strong (France), Cargill (USA), Topmill (Taiwan) and JAPFA (Indonesia). poultry industry in which many imported parent stocks Because of the potential in capi- have been developing vigorously tal and strengths in technologies and management of foreign companies, the Vietnamese businesses must (1.3-1.5kg for 90 days of raising), with a low therefore give their best to survive in the productive capacity (only 70-100 eggs/femarket. Both the government and regional male). In the meantime, colour-feathered businesses have urged foward the developchicken breeds imported from overseas, ment of the poultry industry. such as Tam Hoang, Kabir, Sasso, ISA JA57 In 1990, Vietnam had only 107 million head yield productivity 1.5-2 times higher than loof poultry (of which 80 million chickens); in cal breeds, with high quality meat. These 1999, the poultry herd reached 180 million breeds also adapt easily to the environment. head (in which 136 million chickens), with More investment programs will be carried the average growth being 6.73% annually. out in the future, where cross-breeding with (The same figures for pigs and cows are local breeds will enhance the efficiency of 4.98% and 3% respectively). The poultry the poultry industry. meat production in 1999 reached 261.8 Vietnam has a tropical climate. The delta thousand tons, up 72% compared with 1990, areas, countryside and highlands are where there was 198.2 thousand tons of favourable for industrial and free-range chicken meat, up 75% compared to 1990. chickens. Up to 12 million farms are being The poultry egg production was 3.44 billion; given land by the government for the develnearly double the figure of 1990. opment of poultry production in the form of Vietnam ranks 5th in ASEAN and 47th in the farming and concentrated breeding areas to world in poultry meat and egg production. produce high quality goods for domestic However, the current meat poultry producconsumption and export. The population in tion accounts for only 15-16% of total meat Vietnam is fairly high with a growth rate of quantity produced, whereas the pork pro1.65% in 2000, 1.4% by 2005, 1.28% by 2010; duction accounts for up to 74-77%. The level the population is expected to increase from of poultry meat and egg consumption is still 77.6 million in 2000 up to 83.5 million in very low; in 1999, Vietnam consumed only 2005 and 89 million by 2010. As the popula23.43kg of meat/person/year, in which tion increases, the income will also rise, 3.43kg was for poultry meat and 45 which will boost the annual demand for eggs/person/year. As in many countries in meat, eggs and milk. the region, the consumption of poultry in The Vietnamese government has deterVietnam is mainly live poultry and manual mined the orientation for the development slaughtering for sale at markets, only 10% is for the poultry industry with specific norms: processed and consumed at supermarkets. to quickly develop the poultry industry, Currently, within the whole poultry herd, reaching 297 million head by 2005 (up by ducks account for 22%, chickens 75%, and 48.5% compared with 2000) and to 350 milother poultry 3%. Industrial chickens aclion head by 2010, (up by 17.8% compared count for 30% of total chickens, mainly of lo- with 2005). It must maintain the growth rate cal breeds (55%). Imported colour-feathered of 6.28% per year for the poultry herd during chickens account for only 15%. Local chick2000-2010. The increase in the number of en breeds yield high quality meat and are head and productivity will raise the poultry easy to raise, but the growth rate is very slow meat production from 289,000 tons in 2000
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Table 1. Criteria for the development of the Vietnamese poultry industry No. Items 1 2 3 4 5 A B 1990-99 period 1999 AGR % 107.5 179.3 6.73 151.7 261.8 7.25 1990 Expected 2000-2010 2005 2010 AGR % 200 297 350 6.82 288.7 497.0 882.7 18.70 2000 15.8 8.2 3.61 5.76 3.5 3.72 48 19.4 5.0 5.95 60 24.0 7.0 9.10

Poultry herd (millions) Poultry meat production (000 tons) Poultry meat/total meat 15.66 15.29 production Poultry egg production (billion) 1.89 3.44 Average consumption per capita per year Poultry meat (kg) 2.52 3.43 Poultry eggs (unit) 28.6 45.1

9.90 15.10 75 9.09

Source: Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

to 497,000 tons in 2005 and 883,000 tons in 2010 (average growth rate of 18.7% per year). The poultry egg production in 2000 will be 3.5 billion, up to 5 billion in 2005 and 7 billion in 2010 (double the figure of 2000).

A bright future
Implementing the above plan will raise the consumption level per capita per year from 3.72kg of poultry meat and 48 eggs in 2000 to 5.95kg of poultry meat and 60 eggs in 2005, and 9.9kg of poultry meat and 75 eggs in 2010. Until then, poultry meat will account for 24% of total meat consumption per capita per year, up 9% compared with 1999, re-

ducing the corresponding percentage of pork from 77% in 1999, down to 70% in 2010. In the poultry meat structure, chicken meat will maintain its share of 85%, in which 30% is industrial chicken, high quality label chicken will rise from 15% in 2000 to 27% in 2005 and 45% in 2010. In the meantime, the scale of slaughter will be upgraded and modernised for sale at supermarkets and butchers, and wholesalers of processed chicken meat, with strict hygiene requirements. In order to achieve the above objectives, the Vietnamese government is actively investing in the poultry breeding system. More modern farms will be built to develop the exist-

ing GPS chicken breeds in Vietnam, such as ISA, MPK, ISA JA57, Kabir, Tam Hoang and Leghorn. Other GPS chicken breeds, such as Hyline, Sasso, AA and GP duck breeds, such as CV Super M, Khaki Campbell and French Muscovy duck, will be imported as well as selecting local breeds with high productivity, carrying out cross-breeding experiments between local and foreign breeds. The sale of shares and ownership of state businesses will encourage the farmers to develop their breeding farms of medium and large scale to form high quality chicken breeding areas for domestic consumption and for export to some Asian markets such as Japan, Hong Kong and Singapore in the future. The Vietnamese government is encouraging foreign companies to come to Vietnam to invest in producing, processing and exporting high quality label chicken. With a number of long rivers, a coastline and the climate conditions, Vietnam has many advantages in developing the duck breeding industry. Vietnam currently ranks 4th in duck breeding in the world, after China, France and Thailand. Investment in duck breeding will add the feather and meat products to the current product for export of salted duck egg into some Asian markets in recent years. If the above orientation is achieved, in approximately a decade, Vietnam will join the group of countries that have a strong poultry industry in ASEAN and Asia. h

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