Science Chapter 7 "Water on Earth" pp.

193-224

Name

Lesson 1: "How can the oceans be described?" pp. 199-201

The Hydrosphere All the the water of the Earth make up the hydrosphere hydrosphere is ocean water . . Almost all of

The hydrosphere covers a little less than

or

75% of the Earth's surface.

The major oceans of the world are, in order of largest to smallest, are Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Arctic Ocean The Pacific Ocean is not only the largest but is also the deepest

Average depth: 4000 m

Deepest place: 11,000 m Mariana Trench in South Pacific

Salinity Salinity- a measure A liter of how salty the water is. than a liter .

of cold water with high salinity is heavier warmer

of water that is either Temperature The temperature

or has a lower salinity

of ocean water carry warm Stream

varies from place to place.

Some currents The Gulf

water toward the poles. is such a current. It moves Sea warm

water from the

Caribbean

to the North 1

Atlantic Ocean Resources

Ocean

Products that come from the ocean: fish (tuna) salt, magnesium, drinking water

Lesson 2: "Where is fresh water found?" pp. 202-207

Fresh Water Drinking water is also called fresh water. Fresh water has salts but less than seawater

some dissolved has. Groundwater Rain or melted

snow

that soaks into the ground is called between particles of soil

groundwater. This water fills up spaces and rock Aquifer water .

- the layer of rock table

and soil that groundwater occupies. in an aquifer.

- the top level of groundwater year .

This level changes during the Rivers Surface water Lakes Reservoir Ice

include rivers, streams, and lakes.

- an artificial lake that forms behind a dam

About 7/10 of Earth's fresh water is frozen Much of Earth's ice is on Greenland

into ice

and Antarctica

The ice cap at the North

Pole

floats on the ocean.

In places where glaciers and ice sheets reach the ocean, large pieces of ice can break off. These pieces are called icebergs Getting Water to Homes First, water is pumped to a treatment Then, chemicals plant.

are added to the water. These attract dirt particles .

that become heavy enough to sink to the bottom The water then passes through filters Then more chemicals such as chlorine .

are added to the water

to kill harmful bactereria. Water is them pumped to water tower .

Lesson 3: "What is the water cycle?" pp. 208-211

Water in the Air Water Vapor is in the air all around us.

The Water Cycle The water cycle is the repeated movement environment in different forms. of water through the

The steps of the water cycle: 1. Evaporation 2. Condensation - the changing of liquid water to water vapor , such as

- the water vapor turns into liquid in clouds. - water that falls from clouds , sleet , or hail .

water droplets 3. Precipitation snow

as rain

Condensation does not happen only in the making of clouds forms dew . 4. Sublimation - is ice . changing into water vapor

. It also

without first melting water vapor

may freeze directly into ice .

. Ice crystals

that form on surfaces are called frost

Many Paths of the Water Cycle Study the drawing of the water cycle on pp. 210-211 of your text. Label the four steps of the water cycle below.

Condensation

Evaporation

Run-off

Precipitation

Energy in the Water Cycle The sun has a major effect on the water cycle. The energy of , evaporation , and sunlight

causes most melting sublimation .

Lesson 4: "How do clouds form?" pp. 212-215

Temperature and Pressure Clouds form when water droplets or ice vapor crystals changes into tiny water . Even on summer days

many clouds are made of ice crystals. Clouds often form when air moves upward to areas of less air pressure

Precipitation Most rain in the U.S. begins as snow sleet - frozen raindrops. sleet, hail, rain, snow, freezing rain .

Types of precipitation:

Chapter 7 Vocabulary
salilnityA measure of how salty water is

aquifer-

The layer of rock and soil that ground water flows through

water table- The top level of groundwater is an aquifer

reservoir- A lake formed behind a dam

condensation-

The changing of a gas into a liquid

evaporation-

The changing of an liquid into a gas

precipitation-

Water leaving clouds as rain, snow, sleet, or hail

sublimation-

When ice turns into water vapor without first melting

sleet- Fozen rain drops