parts , site: beginning

- long muscular tube, 10 inches - extend trough the neck, thorax & abdomen CERVICAL THORACIC *longest, main opposite the lower border of cricoid cartilage (level of C6) superior mediastinum posterior mediastinum

ABDOMINAL *shortest enters abdomen thru an opening in the right crus of diaphragm after inch, enters stomach on its right side

- J-shaped organ - situated in left hypochondriac, epigastric & umbilical region FUNDUS BODY PYLORIC PART - dome-shaped - projects upwards & to the left of cardiac orifice *usually full of gas - extends from fundus to a line extending from the incisura angularis on lesser curvature to prepyloric bulge on greater curvature - lower part of the stomach - 3 parts (antrum, canal, sphincter)

site of orifices/ constriction

1. at the beginning : pharyngeo-esophageal junction 2. at the site, where left bronchus cross in front of it 3. as crossed by arch of aorta 4. at its termination : gastro-esophageal junction

Orifices of stomach CARDIC 1 inch to the left of ORIFICE median plane PYLORIC ORIFICE inch to the right of median plane

at the level of T10 at the level of L1

physiological sphincter anatomical sphincter

Curvatures of the stomach Lesser curvature Greater curvature forms right border of stomach left border of stomach extends from cardiac orifice to pylorus relatd to right & left gastric Vs right & left gastro-epiploic Vs *lesser omentum extends *gives attachment to gastro-phrenic, from lesser curvature to gastro-splenic & greater omentum from the liver above downwards Structures of stomach wall SEROUS COAT outer coat visceral peritoneum MUSCULAR COAT middle coat 3 layers of muscle fibers (outer longit, middle circular, inner oblique) MUCOUS MBRANE thick, vascular numerous folds/rugae

relation anterior *in btween posterior right left

CERVICAL trachea recurrent left recurrent laryngeal nerve laryngeal n. *on each side - vertebral column - prevertebral muscle azygos vein thoracic duct

THORACIC surrounded by esophageal plexus of nerves (from both vagi)

ABDOMINAL left vagus

Anterior surface Posterior surface (stomach bed)

right vagus *lateral & anterior : peritoneum

- left lobe of liver - diaphragm - anterior abdominal wall - lesser sac - diaphragm - spleen - left suprarenal gland - pancreas - upper part of left kidney - splenic artery - tranverse colon - transverse mesocolon

arterial supply

CERVICAL THORACIC ABDOMINAL inferior thyroid bronchial arteries & left gastric artery artery descending thoracic aorta *lower end of esopgahus is a site of anastomosis vulnerable to esophageal varices, in case of portal hypertension (as in bilharzial hepatic fibrosis or liver cirrhosis)

branches of ciliac trunk 1. left gastric artery 2. right gastric artery 3. short gastric artery 4. left gastro-epiploic artery 5. right gastro-epiploic art.

arises from celiac artery hepatic artery splenic artery splenic artery gastro-duodenal br of hepatic art.

venous drainage

inferior thyroid vein

azygos & hemiazygos vein

left gastric vein

left & right gastric veins short gastric veins left gastro-epiploic vein right gastro-epiploic vein

into portal vein join splenic vein join supeior mesenteric vein