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Standard atomic weights are the best estimates by IUPAC of atomic weights that are found in normal materials, which are terrestrial
materials that are reasonably possible sources for elements and their compounds in commerce, industry, or science. They are
determined using all stable isotopes and selected radioactive isotopes (having relatively long half-lives and characteristic terrestrial
isotopic compositions). Isotopes are considered stable (non-radioactive) if evidence for radioactive decay has not been detected
experimentally.
beryllium
lithium
Li
Be
9.012 182(3)
[6.938; 6.997]
Na
23
11
Mg
26
12
Ca
40
41
19
44
42 48
43
46
20
39
39.0983(1)
Rb
87
37
scandium
Sc
Ti
22
Sr
87
84
38
47.867(1)
yttrium
zirconium
89
39
Zr
40
87.62(1)
caesium
(cesium)
barium
56
88.905 85(2)
134
130
135 132
136
137
57 - 71
lanthanoids
92
96
94
niobium
molybdenum
93
41
Mo
42
97
94
98
100
95.96(2)
tungsten
174
176
180
177
Ta
180
73
W
74
138
178.49(2)
137.327(7)
francium
radium
89 - 103
88
actinoids
Ra
178
180.947 88(2)
180
183
184
boron
10
Rf
57
106
105
lanthanum
La
cerium
138
Ce
58
136 138
142
139
138.905 47(7)
140.116(1)
actinium
thorium
89
Sg
Db
104
Th
90
232.038 06(2)
232
nickel
59
27
Ni
62
60
28
13
61
64
58
58.933 195(5)
58.6934(4)
technetium
ruthenium
rhodium
palladium
Ru
Tc
44
43
100 96
99
98
101
104
Re
praseodymium
Pr
185
75
141
104
110
108
102.905 50(2)
106.42(1)
iridium
platinum
76
186 184
187
192
189
Ag
Ir
191
77
Pt
78
193
196
192 190
198
195
107.8682(2)
107
gold
Si
Au
197
79
hassium
meitnerium
darmstadtium roentgenium
108
neodymium
Nd
60
148 150
145
142
143
235
61
144
uranium
promethium
Pm
238.028 91(3)
148
144
150
93
111
europium
152
Eu
63
plutonium
Pu
94
154
cadmium
indium
106 108
116
113
114
111
112.411(8)
112
Hg
80
196
198 204
202
201
151
64
copernicium
Cn
154 152
155
158
157
71
65
In
113
156
31
15
sulfur
S
16
Sn
119
33
Se
34
82
76
Sb
Te
123
52
51
126
207
204
206
121.760(1)
Bi
209
158 156
160
161
164
162
americium
curium
berkelium
californium
97
Cf
98
krypton
81
35
Kr
36
83
78
80
82
86
79
84
79.904(1)
83.798(2)
iodine
xenon
127
53
Xe
54
134
124
130 128 126
136
127.60(3)
126.904 47(3)
131.293(6)
polonium
astatine
radon
Po
At
84
132
129
Rn
85
86
208.980 40(1)
ununpentium
Uup
114
162.500(1)
Bk
18
128
121
83
Fl
158.925 35(2)
96
38
40
bromine
122 123
124
120
125
130
36
39.948(1)
Br
74
77
80
bismuth
flerovium
Uut
160
Ar
208
ununtrium
66
37
20
131
118
[204.382; 204.385]
Dy
75
tellurium
82
argon
[35.446; 35.457]
selenium
As
antimony
Pb
chlorine
35
[32.059; 32.076]
tin
112 114
122
115
124
120
117
21
22
10
20.1797(6)
17
78.96(3)
118.710(7)
203
Ne
18.998 4032(5)
Cl
33 36
74.921 60(2)
lead
81
19
34
74
thallium
Tl
neon
16
arsenic
73
17
18
72.63(1)
114.818(3)
157.25(3)
Cm
4.002 602(2)
78
116
115
151.964(1)
95
76
32
50
49
dysprosium
159
115
holmium
Ho
erbium
165
67
Er
68
livermorium
Lv
116
164 162
170
166
167
117
thulium
Tm
ununseptium
Uus
69
Yb
70
176
168
170
167.259(3)
einsteinium
fermium
Es
99
Fm
100
168
168.934 21(2)
173.054(5)
mendelevium
nobelium
Md
101
lutetium
174
171
173
164.930 32(2)
No
102
ununoctium
Uuo
118
ytterbium
169
163
153
Am
70
72
113
terbium
Tb
fluorine
32
205
200
oxygen
30.973 762(2)
germanium
Ge
69
69.723(1)
112
gadolinium
Gd
149
147
Np
92
samarium
gallium
Ga
64
200.59(2)
Rg
110
Sm
62
196.966 569(4)
Ds
109
150.36(2)
neptunium
234
Mt
70
199
194
He
17
28
[28.084; 28.086]
31
mercury
bohrium
Hs
67
15
phosphorus
29
30
14
65.38(2)
48 110
195.084(9)
Bh
68
30
Cd
47
105
osmium
188
106
109
192.217(3)
protactinium
231.035 88(2)
46
102
190
146
231
45
Pd
Zn
63
silver
102
18
helium
16
14
silicon
27
26.981 5386(8)
66
190.23(3)
144.242(3)
91
103
65
186.207(1)
140.907 65(2)
Pa
Rh
zinc
63.546(3)
101.07(2)
Os
copper
Cu
12
[12.0096; 12.0116]
aluminium
(aluminum)
29
55.845(2)
107
59
140
Co
nitrogen
11
[10.806; 10.821]
12
15
carbon
11
54.938 045(5)
187
186
seaborgium
rutherfordium dubnium
Ac
26
rhenium
182
183.84(1)
57
54 58
96
95
92.906 38(2)
179
10
cobalt
Fe
92
tantalum
72
25
56
51.9961(6)
hafnium
Hf
55
52
50.9415(1)
Nb
iron
Mn
181
132.905 4519(2)
87
24
91.224(2)
55
Fr
91
manganese
53 50
54
90
85.4678(3)
Ba
50
23
chromium
Cr
51
44.955 912(6)
88
133
48
86
vanadium
46 47 49
50
40
40.078(4)
85
titanium
45
21
strontium
rubidium
Cs
black indicates
isotope is stable
red indicates
isotope is radioactive
isotopic abundance
(mole fraction
of isotope)
112
112.411(8)
14
13
calcium
potassium
13
Al
24
25
24.3050(6)
.
.
Element has no standard atomic weight because all of its isotopes are radioactive and, in normal materials, no isotope
occurs with a characteristic isotopic abundance from which a standard atomic weight can be determined.
magnesium
sodium
111
standard
atomic weight
Element has only one isotope that is used to determine its standard atomic weight. Thus, the standard atomic weight is
invariant and is given as a single value with an IUPAC evaluated uncertainty.
48 110
atomic number
(number of protons)
Element has two or more isotopes that are used to determine its standard atomic weight. The isotopic abundances and
atomic weights vary in normal materials, but upper and lower bounds of the standard atomic weight have not been assigned
by IUPAC or the variations may be too small to affect the standard atomic weight value significantly. Thus, the standard
atomic weight is given as a single value with an uncertainty that includes both measurement uncertainty and uncertainty due
to isotopic abundance variations.
106 108
116
116
113
113
114
Cd
element symbol
Element has two or more isotopes that are used to determine its standard atomic weight. The isotopic abundances and
atomic weights vary in normal materials. These variations are well known, and the standard atomic weight is given as lower
and upper bounds within square brackets, [ ].
hydrogen
cadmium
element name
172
Lu
71
176
175
174.9668(1)
lawrencium
Lr
103
238
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) Project 2007-038-3-200, "Development of an isotopic periodic table for the educational community"