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Chemistry 10
Laboratory Activity. Students should be able to investigate the reaction of non-oxidising acids with metals Acids, Bases and Salts. Reaction of acids and metals 9
Term: Duration:
2 80 minutes
Objectives As a result of this lesson, you will be able to: 1) Investigate the reaction of acids with metals 2) Write balanced equations for these reactions
Prerequisite Student Knowledge You should be familiar with: 1) The concept of an acid as a proton donor. 2) The concept of a salt as one of the substances formed when an acid reacts with a metal.
Important Points Important points in this lesson: 1) The names of the salts formed are derived from the metal and the negative ion of the acid. 2) When a reaction involves fizzing or effervescence, a gas has been evolved. 3) Hydrogen gas can be identified by using a lighted splint. A popping sound will indicate that hydrogen gas is present.
Metal
Acid
Challenge Areas Using your knowledge of the reactivity series, say how you would expect the following metals to react with acids: Iron filings, magnesium ribbon, lead balls
Equipment/Material Needed: A rack of test tubes, strips of zinc, hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, acetic acid, strips of copper.
Note to Student Observe each reaction carefully and record your observations.
Introduction 1) Introductory Activity a. Among the properties of an acid are its reactions with: metals to form hydrogen and a salt
Notes This lesson will only focus on the reaction of acids with metals.
b. Hydrogen gas can be identified by trapping it youre your thumb and holding a lighted splint at the mouth of the test tube. A popping sound will indicate the presence of the gas. The testing of the gas will be demonstrated by the teacher.
Body of Lesson 2) Practical: Investigating the reaction of acids with metals a. Procedure: i. Place 3 clean test tubes in the rack. ii. Place one piece of non-shiny zinc in each test tube. iii. Cover the zinc in each test tube with a different acid. iv. Record observations below. (Test for the gas given off) v. Repeat the experiment using copper strips.
b.
Reaction (yes/no)
Acid 1
HCl + Zn
Acid 2
H2SO4 + Zn
Acid 3
HC2H3 O2 + Zn
Acid 1
HCl + Cu
Acid 2
H2SO4 + Cu
Acid 3
HC2H3 O2 + Cu
b.
Analysis
i. Write the balanced chemical equation for each reaction (*Hint* Remember that no reaction is a valid observation and conclusion.)
ii. Why did some of the reactions happen at a faster rate than others? (Hint: Compare each acid used. What is different about the acids that were involved in the faster reactions?)
iii. Explain why it is a hazard to store acids in some metal containers, and not others.
iv. When sugar is placed in water, it disappears and is said to have dissolved. When magnesium metal is placed in a solution of hydrochloric acid, it also disappears. Explain why the magnesium did not dissolve.
Closure In-Class Assignments 1) Record your observations and complete the questions at the end of the activity.
Out-of-Class Assignment 2) Write equations for the following reactions: a. Iron filings with sulphuric acid b. Magnesium ribbon with nitric acid c. Calcium with hydrochloric acid
Supplemental Glossary of Terms Acid Effervescence A proton donor Formation of bubbles or fizz An element that can ionize by losing electrons. Metal
CSEC Questions 1) Consider the following systems in which magnesium metal reacts with acid. System I A mass of magnesium ribbon was added to excess 1M hydrochloric acid
System II The same mass of magnesium ribbon was added to excess 1M ethanoic acid. (a) State a test to identify the gas evolved. (b) What is the expected result of this test? (c) Write balanced equations for the reactions taking place in Systems I and II. (1998)
Recommended Materials Select this text, delete and start typing the instructional materials available to help teacher and student e.g. Internet-based materials Bibliography Ferguson & Hart: CXC Chemistry, Oxford University Press, 1994 Gallagher & Ingram: Complete Chemistry, Oxford University Press, 1997 Tindale Anne: Chemistry A Concise Revision Course for CXC, Stanley Thornes (Publishers) Ltd., 1998 http://www.scienceteacherprogram.org/chemistry/girard01.html