Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Submitted to
By
Lovely D. Abalos
Desiree M. Abon
Jonathan C. Ang
Ariel Aquino
Julius B. Aquino
First Semester
2009-2010
i
This research paper entitled
UNIVERSITY OF PANGASINAN”
LOVELY D. ABALOS
MAE ANN M. ABARQUEZ
DESIREE M. ABON
JOYCE IVANA J. ABULENCIA
PATTY GYNE B. ACAY
JONATHAN C. ANG
ARIEL AQUINO
JOHN RAMDI N. AQUINO
JULIUS B. AQUINO
___________________________________
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers would wish in all sincerity to express their gratitude to a number of
people whose glimmers of assistance contributed in making this research ablaze into smooth
progress. All praises, honor, glory, and humble gratitude to the Omnipotent Nurse and
Ultimate Healer, our God Almighty. He has always worked in so many ways we cannot see.
Dr. Tito G. Rocaberte our Nursing Research instructor, who has patiently and unselfishly
shared his expertise, time, guidance and support. As our research instructor, we are indebted
to you for seeding the theoretical meaning of nursing research in our minds. You were always
there to lift our spirits, and boost our ego during the period of our constant visit to your
advisory room. You will always be in our hearts. To our thesis adviser, Prof. Carlo Emmanuel
E. Umali, who undoubtedly gave his support and shared his knowledge, and for the warmest
appreciation of our hard works and efforts. To our beloved parents, we thank you for the
unwavering and unconditional love. No one has ever been given more loving and unrestricted
support that we have been given by you. You are our most vital motivation in entering the
nursing journey. Heartfelt appreciation and sincerest gratitude is given to our 273
respondents who, not only shared their time, but also their knowledge to us. We are deeply
grateful for the trust you have given. To the whole faculty and staff of the College of
Nursing, we thank you for the encouragement and motivation. We will always be proud to
belong to your family. To all our friends, classmates and to the rest of the UPCN Batch 2010
for the cheerfulness and camaraderie you have shown. Our memories with you will always
be treasured.
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DEDICATION
And to all the persons to whom we are indebted in the completion of this research,
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page i
Approval Page ii
Acknowledgement iii
Dedication iv
Table of Contents v
Abstract viii
CHAPTER
1. INTRODUCTION 1
Rationale
The Problem 2
Research Hypothesis 3
Basic Assumptions 3
Definition of Terms 4
Professional Literature 7
Related Studies
Foreign Research 11
Local Studies 12
v
Conceptual Framework 16
Research Design 18
Sources of Data 18
h. Chi Square Data for the Relationship Between the Extent of Developed
i. Chi Square Data for the Relationship Between the Extent of Developed
j. Chi Square Data for the Relationship Between the Extent of Developed
k. Chi Square Data for the Relationship Between the Extent of Developed
l. Chi Square Data for the Relationship Between the Extent of Developed
vi
Values vs. High School Origin 30
m. Chi Square Data for the Relationship Between the Extent of Practice
n. Chi Square Data for the Relationship Between the Extent of Practice
o. Chi Square Data for the Relationship Between the Extent of Practice
p. Chi Square Data for the Relationship Between the Extent of Practice
q. Chi Square Data for the Relationship Between the Extent of Practice
BIBLIOGRAPHY 38
APPENDICES 39
Questionnaire
Researcher’s Profile
vii
ABSTRACT
Major Problem:
What is the extent of development and practice of Simone Roach's five caring values
students of the University of Pangasinan as to: gender, place of residence, ordinal position of
Also this study aimed to answer the questions: To what extent have the subject-cases
developed the five caring values of Simone Roach?; To what extent have the subject-cases
practiced the said values; Is the significant relationship between the subject-cases' extent of
development of Simone Roach's five caring values and the selected profile of variables?; and
Is there a significant relationship between the the subject-cases extent of development and
This study used the descriptive method of research which employed the questionnaire
and documentary analysis techniques of gathering data, as the study focused on the theory of
five (5) caring values by Sister Simone Roach. The study identified the extent to which the
values are developed and practiced by the Level IV nursing students of the University of
Pangasinan and the role of these values in building a nurse-patient relationship. It also
viii
The study was primarily focused on finding out the extent of development and the
extent of practicing the five caring values. The researchers concluded that the Level IV
nursing students adhere to the five caring values of Simone Roach, most especially the values
of compassion and conscience. The Level IV nursing students have yet to enhance their
practice of the values of competence and confidence. And the development and practice of
Simone Roach five caring values is influenced by such factors as gender, religion and place
of residence.
In order to improve and develop the five caring values of Simone Roach, the
researchers recommend that there should be an ample time of exposure of the student nurses
in the clinical area in order to practice the value of caring not only theoretically but in the
actual setting, student nurse should be guided accordingly by their superiors in dealing with
situations requiring critical and ethical judgments in order for them to be properly equipped
as early as possible in preparation for their actual practice of their chosen profession, each
student nurse should have a background or knowledge of practices of different cultures and
races in order to adopt the trends of delivering cross-cultural nursing and thus applying the
five caring values, there should be an efficient time for nurse-patient interaction to improve
student nurse caring values, and the five caring values should be emphasized to student nurse
in order for them to be aware on how to practice and develop the extent of their caring
values.
ix
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Caring is a human trait. All have the ability to care, and to be caring in there work,
however, it is accepted that some professions display more caring attributes than others.
Nursing is a profession whose members are expected to be caring; caring is the foundation
and provides the framework for nursing practice. A nurse’s ability to care is influenced by
many factors. To create a caring environment and engender an atmosphere of respect and
compassion, nurses need to understand what caring is, how to be caring and the impact of
characteristic of being human. Further reflections in Caring from the Heart, examined the
convergence of caring and spirituality. Sister Roach’s research, inspired by The Universe
Story (Swimme, Berry, 1992) and other writings, pursued the more universal call of care as a
Patient care is part of a nurse's role. Nurses use the nursing process to assess, plan,
implement and evaluate patient care. Patient care is founded in critical thinking and caring in
a holistic framework. Nursing care is increasingly framed in best practice, which is the
1
THE PROBLEM
The major problem of the study was: What is the extent of development and practice
of Simone Roach's five caring values by the Level IV nursing students of the University of
Pangasinan.
a. Gender
b. Place of residence
d. Religion
2. To what extent have the subject-cases developed the five caring values of
Simone Roach?
3. To what extent have the subject-cases practiced the five caring values of
Simone Roach?
development of Simone Roach's five caring values and the selected profile
variables.
2
Research Hypotheses
practice of the five caring values and the variables namely, gender, religion, place of
1. To assess the extent of the development and practice of caring values of the
development and practice of the caring values and the enumerated variables.
Basic Assumptions
1. Every student nurses should have the five caring values to render proper care to
clients.
3. A student nurse can practice molding the five caring values deep within him or
herself.
3
Scope and Delimitation
This study is focused on the extent of development and practice of Sister Simone
This study was done on 300 fourth year student nurses enrolled in the University of
Pangasinan during the first semester of 2009-2010. They will be involved as subject-cases of
This study used descriptive method and used gender, place of residence, religion,
ordinal position in the family, and high school of origin as variables to relate and to be used
Definition of Terms
Care. To have or show regard, interest or concern as respecting some person, thing
Commitment. This refers to obligation or pledge to carry out some action or policy.
Compassion. This refers to the feeling for another’s sorrow or hardship that leads to
Confidence. This is the quality which fosters trusting relationship. (Roach, 1992).
4
Conscience. This pertains to ideas and feelings with in a person that tells him when
he is doing right and warns him of what is. (The World Book Dictionary,1984).
(American-Webster, 1993).
All people have the ability to care, and to be caring. However, it is accepted to say
that some professions display more caring attributes than others. Nursing is a profession,
wherein nurses are expected to be caring. Through caring, nurses are able to perform nursing
practices in a way that make it so peculiar to the profession, through which nurses are able to
touch the lives not only the ones being cared of, the patients, but even the families or their
significant others. This is why caring, in its most basic sense, enables nurses to care for
caring attributes and embodies certain features pertinent to the profession of nursing (Roach,
1992).
Sister Roach proposes and describes the five Cs, which each of the health care
further proposes that all authentic caring responses must include all five elements.
The study on Simone Roach’s five caring values are beneficial to student nurses since
it will help them to be aware on the attributes of human behavior that expresses an act of
5
caring and such knowledge will better prepare them what to do when caring, the importance
The study will likewise prove useful to nurses since they will have more bases for
understanding what caring is, how to be caring, and the impact of caring and non-caring on
others. Likewise, this study conducted will be of benefit to those who are planning to pursue
the nursing profession, as in the case of our respondents (the student nurses), as this will be a
guide for them in order to foster personality development in becoming a more competent and
dedicated caregiver.
It is also expected that the results of this study will be of value to health professionals
as a means for them to foresee the therapeutic outcomes of caring when used in clinical
practice.
To future researchers, this study will provide a substantial information and direction
6
CHAPTER 2
This chapter presents a review of related professional literature and related studies
from which the conceptual framework of this present investigation was drawn.
Professional Literature
Nothing is more worth recognizing than nurses’ accomplishments big or small every
day and thanking them for keeping the profession of caring to move on. Nursing is a noble
profession and nurses have contributed their commitment and dedication to their patients,
giving comfort, support and love. Why is caring unique when given by the nurse versus
Often times, we hear the common expression; “I care about you,” or “I will help you
overcome this.” The nurse’s job of caring for patients is a physical manifestation of a caring
attitude and calling. What then is it in the care given by a nurse that is so powerful that it can
position that the primary goal of any educational program in health care is to professionalize
the human capacity to care through the acquisition of knowledge and skills. She makes it a
7
point to discredit the cure - care dichotomy often drawn between the professions of medicine
and nursing. Sister Roach also feels strongly that caring is not unique to any one health care
profession but rather is an important component of each one. She quotes Nouwen's
She proposes and describes the five C's, which each of the health care professions
need: compassion, competence, confidence, conscience and commitment. As she sees it the
professional relationship involves: "a sharing in the world of the client/patient (compassion);
an appropriate level of knowledge and skill (competence); a sensitive awareness to moral and
ethical issues (conscience); and a steadfastness of purpose and devotion to the needs of the
other (commitment)." She further proposes that all authentic caring responses must include
Compassion
Compassion, being the desire to help another person, if inherent on a future health
worker, would significantly be a very important determinant in the success of healing a sick
person. The health worker would perform his/her task not out of requirement or order but as
an innate character of having the desire to help which would translate to the worker enjoying
what he/she is doing. With this atmosphere of the health worker’s inherent desire to help, the
patient in turn would immediately sense this desire and would significantly influence the
healing process of his malady. The fact that the patient feels the nurse’s sincerity would
immediately create a positive attitude in the patient’s healing process. It is for this reason that
Roach have identified compassion as one of the important C’s of healing. It is also for this
important reason which creates the uniqueness of the nurse as a healing agent.
8
Competence
goals as a health care provider. Various events and instances have occurred this past year
which tend to taint or tarnish the competence of nurses as health providers. This important
factor must always be considered because of the fact that we, as health workers, are not
dealing with commodities or objects, but lives. Although there are various levels of
measurements in assessing the competence of health providers, the standards set by the
governing bodies must be adhered to strictly, only if just to maintain the integrity of the
health service being provided for. This factor would be achieved through set standards in the
learning institutions, which are accredited by competent governing bodies, and the different
testing parameters for graduates of these institutions most important of which is the licensure
examinations.
Confidence
in oneself would play a very important factor in caring for persons with malady. Having been
sick at one time in our lives and subsequently treated by health workers would lead us to
remember that a health provider who is very confident of himself, influences significantly the
healing process by transferring this confidence to the sick person. This positive attitude
would enhance the rehabilitative process that need to occur for a person to get healed. Thus,
this would translate to an uninterrupted and eventful recovery. Confidence can be built up by
acquiring the necessary skills in performing a task, honing it and eventually mastering the
9
Conscience
Conscience, the knowledge of right and wrong and the feeling that one should do
what is right, to me, the researcher exerts a very significant influence in providing a truly
complete and total health care. Although one’s feelings should not exert an influence in the
delivery of health care, thinking that what you will do is right morally, socially, technically
would provide you with the confidence in the correct performance of your duties which
would drive you away from committing blunders and at the same time, preventing you from
developing guilt feelings. Conscience is one of the important values needed by healing agents
to perform assigned tasks within the framework and norms of civilized men.
Commitment
this situation, this would be tantamount to a promise of providing a health service which is
bound by sincerity, honesty, integrity and totally committing oneself to provide what you are
tasked to do. This attitude/value is often clouded by personal motives which often results in
Health Nurse, not because of the desire to do so, but just to fulfill requirements needed for
gradation. Although this is more often the scenario, inculcation of these attitudes/values early
in the learning phase of the students would significantly improve this situation. Commitment
is one of the important human values that cannot be replaced by any amount or any forms of
material things/objects.
10
Related Studies
Foreign Literature
Work is described as the noblest expression of man’s self and is considered the
Furthermore, it contributes to a person’s sense of self esteem, affiliations and belonging. With
love and enthusiasm directed toward work, hardship can become a magical tool to develop,
memories and “gut feelings” play a large part. Many ethics system rule out feeling and needs
as unreliable, and want to make decisions entirely based on reason and rationality. No
wonder that many people find it difficult to relate to them. For many, the heart rules the head,
and this is the preferred way of making many ethical decisions. An ethic of care takes this
seriously and responds in ways that are adequate to be perceived needs. The need to “care” is
paramount. In this, it is not just the “cared-for” who benefits, but crucially, also the “one-
caring” in that the “one-caring” is also receiving. In this way, both parties are fulfilled and
“humanized”.
The Canadian nurse-philosopher Simone Roach (1992) has also established a set of
aspect of caring. These are related particularly to nursing but grow out of her general
statement that “caring is the human mode of being”. Mayeroff says that, “in caring, a man
lives the meaning of his own life. Care is the basic element of being a person. When we do
not care, we lose our “being” and caring is a way into “being”. The old perception was that
11
doctors’ cure and nurses care. Yet, care is basic and a precondition of cure and as a doctor
said, caring was done long before curing was done (Nouwen 1993).
Caring embodies certain qualities and specific characteristics. Roach (1992) has noted
that these all start with the letter “C”: compassion, competence, confidence, conscience, and
commitment.
himself and his values in life. For many people, that is one of the biggest undertakings of
their lives for it is the foundation of social and ethical living of human being.
Local Literature
Program in Malitam, Batangas City; he stressed the importance of every member of the
work into the level of awareness of the community on the community based rehabilitation
programs and come up with possible health programs that Malitam, Batangas City is in need
of. He concluded that the family of persons with disability has adequate knowledge on
community based rehabilitation as depicted by their level of awareness. On the other hand, he
recommended that the entire community should extend their values on cooperation and unity
not only on socio-economic problems, but also on health aspects. This work is related to the
present research since both premise the need to study Public Health Programs. Though the
past focused on Community Based programs as it is their differences, both are serious
endeavors in identifying the kind of community and awareness of the community to the
12
programs. The focus of the present study is on the attitude of the persons rendering the Public
Health Programs while Dela Cruz on the needs assessment programs. Jocano (2000) studied
the work values of successful Filipinos. His study revealed that attitudes towards wok
differentiate high performers from low performers. High performers have positive attitudes
on work and are happy with their jobs. They challenge jobs. On the other hand, low
performers have negative work attitudes or values and are unhappy with their jobs. High
Philippine value system, one should realize that the values that operate among Filipinos are
also found among other nationalities because human nature and behavior are basically similar
and because human values are universal (Lynch & Quisumbing as cited by Javier 1993).
Work is man’s responsibility. Every man is duty bound to find a proper job and do it
properly (Magturo 1985). As it is the most natural reality for man, every noble human
activity which man carries out to attain his objectives is work and since man lives for a
purpose, then he requires a means by which his purpose can be realized. This is the role of
work, it provides man the proper venue to attain his purpose, and as he does so, he is further
enabled to develop himself and others. He becomes capable of contributing to the progress of
society and the vast arena of human concerns, thereby collaborating in the effort to build a
Work attitude refers to the good standard of behavior of men at work. A person’s
attitude towards work is determined by the values he upholds, both as a person and as a
worker. Studies have shown that this attitude influences a worker’s effectiveness, efficiency,
and productivity in an organization (Andres, cited in Javier, 1993). Hence, it is important that
a worker should possess not only the necessary knowledge and skills, but also desirable
attitudes and work values (Javier 1993). With the aid of values, man can delay his
13
satisfaction and fixes his mind and behavior to distant and somewhat unrealizable goals,
striving and ideas. His value judgment enables him to choose between alternative courses of
behavior and solve chronic inner tension and conflicts by accepting standards and demands
that controls him from beyond. It guides him in seeking goals that are not merely adaptive to
internal bio-social situation, but also to the transcendent situation or system of which he
Therefore, at specific periods in a person’s life, some work values may form the
center for his meaning system. The evolution of a person’s value system, therefore, is
affected by such factors as a person’s physical, psychological and social environment, his
spiritual and religious orientations, kinship group, his current personal situation and past
societal and cultural experience and his institutional background (Gonzales 1990). The values
that are internalized as a result of these experiences determine virtually all kinds of social
Consequently, one cannot talk of values being unique to the Filipino, but rather of
significantly related to the present study for it is also focused on attitudes and values. Since
attitudes and values are universal, it can also be true to a person in different situations in life.
The present investigation determines the attitudes of nurses in delivering Public Health
Programs set on the caring principles set on the value system of a person on the job which is
14
Human attitudes and values are universal. One can speak of Filipino attitudes and
values because of the way human values or their elements are ranked, emphasized, and
combined. The values that people share, and the ways that people live, work, and play
together.
Communities are shaped through relational actions that can be and are influenced in a
number of crucial ways by the knowledge created in Extension Programs of Public Health
accelerate the change process. Bringing people together by getting them to reflect on their
positive experiences of living in a community can be a powerful tool for understanding and
then building healthy communities and bring about positive values in life.
Attitudes and Values are dynamic. Young people see object and life in terms of right
and wrong, black and white. Experiences of living, mixing with people and deserving
meaning will shape and change one’s attitudes and values. Attitudes and Values that are
repeatedly threatened in ethics are those related to the value of life, such as human rights,
dignity and respect. In the nursing setting, on the other hand, a person’s attitude towards
work is determined by the values he upholds both as a person and as a worker. Such concepts
on attitudes and values can be related to the nursing approach on the value of caring people.
The need to care is paramount with people, for people, to people, and as people.
This study rests on the concept by Canadian nurse-philosopher Simone Roach (1992)
on care as the basic element of being a person and thus pioneered the 5 C’s of caring as
15
In the context of community participation and involvement, nurses as human beings
may vary his perceptions of caring for people in the community for values of man is
Conceptual Framework
This study is concentrated on the concept of the significance of caring values, among
Many people knew that one of the greatest embark of their lives for it is the baseline
Simone Roach stated that “caring is the human mode of being”. This statement
probably talks about the main reason why humans remain in contact with other individuals in
the community. Another idea brought by Mayeroff says that “in caring, a man lives the
meaning of his own life. Care is the basic element of being a person. When we do not care,
we lose our being” and caring is a way into being”. We do care because we are human
beings. We show love, compassion and time to every individual we know who deserves our
care.
Care is basic and precondition of care and as a doctor said, caring was done long
before curing was done (Nouwen 1993). It is not the process of curing ill individual why
health care givers convicted to render care but it is care that leads them to cure the sick ones.
Significant caring values play an important role in the nursing process, but there are
factors affecting the ways, attitudes and perceptions on how a health caregiver provide
16
The Reviewed Literature and the Present Study
The foreign literature reviewed in this study dealt with the factors that affect man's
way of rendering care. Such review helped the researcher to gain substantial information
about the concept of caring thereby enabling them to conceptualize this present study.
The reviewed local studies, in such a way, were related to the present study. These
studies, like the present study, deal with the human values as an element of being a person. It
explores the possible relationship between the caring values and student nurse's related
17
CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the methodology of the study, which includes a description of
the research design, sources of data, instrumentation and data collection and tools for data
analysis.
Research Design
This study used the non-experimental design and descriptive method of research,
employing the questionnaire and documentary analysis techniques of gathering data, as the
study focused on the theory of 5 caring values by Sister Simone Roach. This identified the
values that is mostly developed and practiced by the Level IV Nursing Students of the
University of Pangasinan and the role of these values in building a nurse-client relationship.
It involved the analysis and interpretation of the data that had been gathered. According to
Adanza and Martinez, this kind of research method is tenable if the collection of data is for
the purpose of describing existing conditions or situations, objectives or people without being
Sources of Data
1. Students. The subject-cases of this study are 800 Fourth Year Nursing students of the
University of Pangasinan, who are enrolled during the first semester of school year
18
2. Records. Records of the concerned students will be used, particularly, the master list
From the 873 Level IV nursing students of the University of Pangasinan, we used .05
level of significance (95 % reliability) to obtain the 273 total of respondents. Selection of the
subject-cases was done thru Systematic Random Sampling method. In order for the
respondents per block in the College of Nursing who are currently enrolled in Related
Learning Experience IV, for the first semester of academic year 2009 – 2010. The researcher
obtained the respondents by starting with the first person on the list then one name will be
Upon obtaining an approval of the thesis title, data collection was conducted by the
researchers by first asking a permission from Dr. Melania C. Cenon, the Dean of the College
of Nursing of the University of Pangasinan, a letter which was forwarded to the Registrar’s
Office of the university, asking permission about the use of the student’s records. The
complete list of the fourth year nursing students including the second coursers was secured
and samples were selected at systematic random. Consequently, while obtaining an informed
consent from the respondents, the purpose of the research was conveyed. Certain directions
or guidelines were also written and provided for the respondents. The questionnaires were
19
Tools for Analysis
Percentage. This measure was complex to establish the profile of the subject-
P= F/N X 100 %
Where:
P = percentile
F = frequency, and
N = number of respondents
Weighted Mean. This Statistical tool was used to answer sub-problems 2 and
WM = ∑wX
∑w
Where:
WM = weighted mean
∑ = is the sum
20
For the purpose of giving meaning to the weighted mean, a scale of interpretation was
Chi Square. This measure was employed to answer the last sub-problem. The
X2 = Ʃ (( fo- fe)2)
fe
determined facts.
21
CHAPTER 4
This study focused on the extent of development and practice of the five caring values
by the Level IV Nursing students of the University of Pangasinan school year 2009 – 2010.
From the 873 Level IV nursing students of the University of Pangasinan, we used .05 level of
significance(95 % reliability) to obtain the 273 total of respondents. The subject-cases were
selected through systematic random sampling wherein among the several sections of the
fourth year class, seventeen (17) respondents were picked up. These respondents were
selected systematically through the aid of the master list of students per block arranged
alphabetically. The respondents were selected by picking up the first student in the list
followed by the third student, then the fifth, and so on and so forth until seventeen (17)
samples were chosen. In the absence of a student who was supposedly a respondent, a
substitute was selected by proceeding into the next student in line so as not to break the
Respondents were given a questionnaire and were asked to answer the questions
conscientiously as this will be reflective of the value of caring student nurses possess. Strict
confidentiality of the respondents’ identity was likewise emphasized and ensured. They were
informed that a mark check on the spaces provided would signify their answer which meant
that the item selected is the most applicable and favorable to the respondents. Respondents
were given an option whether to fill up their name or not on the questionnaire but their
addresses and sections were asked in order to aid in the tabulation and interpretation of data.
22
There are factors that may affect or influence the responses of the subject-cases which
were utilized as variables and these were: Gender; Religion; Ordinal Position in the Family;
Place of Residence; and High School of Origin. These variables were reflective of what the
The five caring values advocated by Simone Roach were indicated in the
questionnaire provided to the respondents to indicate the extent of development and practice
preparation for the tabulation and analysis. The researchers tabulated the results of the
accomplished questionnaire by first segregating the male from the female for an easier and
From the 273 respondents, we had tallied 147 respondents (53.85 %) from the female.
This is for the reason that, majority of the Level IV students of the University of Pangasinan
College of Nursing are females, and 126 (46.15 %) male students had been tallied.
Results Regarding the computation of Gender of the respondent with the Percentage.
Table 1:
23
The table presents the information of the respondents according to religion. 24
accounts for Roman Catholic which has the highest percentage (87.91%) and Jehovas
Witness with the total of 5 respondents has the lowest percentage (1.83%).
Results Regarding the computation of Religion of the respondent with the Percentage.
Table 2:
In terms of the type of residence, majority of the respondents belong to an urban type
having 57.88%. One hundred fifteen of respondents having 42.12% belong to a rural type of
residence.
Table 3:
24
Most of the students had spend their high School years in a public school having
53.85%. One hundred twenty-six respondents having 46.15% studied in a private school.
Results Regarding the computation of High School of origin of the respondent with
the Percentage.
Table 4:
As shown in table 5, 115 of the respondents are eldest having a percentage of 42.12%
in terms of their ordinal position in the family and 87 respondents belong to middle position
youngest.
Results Regarding the computation of ordinal position of the respondent with the
Percentage.
Table 5:
25
Using the formula of the weighted mean, the researchers determined the extent of the
subject-cases in the development of the five caring values. Based on the derived weighted
mean of the five caring values, it turned out that the respondents had a highly developed
caring values in terms of having a conscience of being honest and fair on the true health
commitment in serving their patients and client. The subject-cases still need some further
Table 6:
Using the formula for weighted mean, the researchers determined the extent of
practicing the five caring values of their subject-cases. The respondents conveyed that they
had a full extent of practicing the majority of the caring values. It turned out that they had
fully practiced the value of being compassionate, being conscientious, and being committed
in terms of rendering health services to their patients. The level IV nursing students still need
to apply the values of being competent and confident in the clinical setting.
26
Results Regarding the extent of practice of the five caring values.
Table 7:
The data in the table were subjected to a chi square test of independence. Based on
the computation, we had come out that the chi square value of 10.51 is greater than the
degree of freedom which is 3.841. The achieved x² value is significant, therefore the null
Table 8
Chi Square Data for the Relationship Between the Extent of Developed Values vs. Gender
Highly Moderately
Gender Total
Developed Developed
Male 71 (57.69) 55 (68.31) 126
Female 54 (67.31) 93 (79.69) 147
Total 125 148 273
df=(r-1)(c-1)
=(2-1)(2-1) X2 (df = 1; 3.841)
=(1)(1) Computed X2 = 10.51
df= 1 10.51 > 3.841 therefore X2 is Significant
27
The data in the table were subjected to a chi square test of independence. Based on
the computation, we had come out that the chi square value of 14.74 is greater than the
degree of freedom which is 5.991. The obtained x² value is significant, therefore the null
Table 9
Chi Square Data for the Relationship Between the Extent of Developed Values vs. Religion
Highly Moderately
Religion Total
Developed Developed
RC 120 (109.89) 120 (130.11) 240
INC 5 (12.82) 23 (15.18) 28
JW 0 (2.29) 5 (2.71) 5
Total 125 148 273
df=(r-1)(c-1)
=(3-1)(2-1) X2 (df = 2; 5.991)
=(2)(1) Computed X2 = 14.74
df= 2 14.74 > 5.991 therefore X2 is Significant
The data in the table were subjected to a chi square test of independence. Based on
the computation, we had come out that the chi square value is 13 and is greater than the
degree of freedom which is 3.841. The obtained x² value is significant, therefore the null
28
Table 10
Chi Square Data for the Relationship Between the Extent of Developed Values vs. Place of
Residence
Highly Moderately
Place of residence Total
Developed Developed
Urban 38 (52.66) 77 (62.34) 115
Rural 87 (72.34) 71 (85.66) 158
Total 125 148 273
df=(r-1)(c-1)
=(2-1)(2-1) X2 (df = 1; 3.841)
=(1)(1) Computed X2 = 13.00
df= 1 13.00 > 3.841 therefore X2 is Significant
The data in the table were subjected to a chi square test of independence. Based on
the computation, we had come out that the chi square value of 0.24 is lesser than the degree
of freedom which is 5.991. Therefore, the null hypothesis is accepted. There is no significant
relationship between the extent of development of the caring values and the ordinal position
Table 11
Chi Square Data for the Relationship Between the Extent of Developed Values vs. Ordinal
Position in the Family
Highly Moderately
Ordinal Position Total
Developed Developed
Eldest 54 (52.66) 61 (62.34) 115
Middle 38 (39.84) 49 (47.16) 87
Youngest 33 (32.51) 38 (38.49) 71
Total 125 148 273
df=(r-1)(c-1)
=(3-1)(2-1) X2 (df = 2; 5.991)
=(2)(1) Computed X2 = 0.24
df= 2 0.24 < 5.991 therefore X2 is Not Significant
29
The data in the table were subjected to a chi square test of independence. Based on
the computation, we had come out that the chi square value of 0.48 is lesser than the degree
of freedom which is 3.841. Therefore, the null hypothesis is accepted. There is no significant
relationship between the extent of development of the caring values and the school of origin
of the respondents.
Table 12
Chi Square Data for theRelationship Between the Extent of Developed Values vs. High
School of Origin
Highly Moderately
Highschool Origin Total
Developed Developed
Private 61 (58.15) 65 (67.85) 126
Public 65 (67.85) 82 (79.15) 147
Total 126 147 273
df=(r-1)(c-1)
=(2-1)(2-1) X2 (df = 1; 3.841)
=(1)(1) Computed X2 = 0.48
df= 1 0.48 < 3.841 therefore X2 is Not Significant
The data from the table were subjected to a chi square test of independence. Based on
the computation, we had came out that the chi square value of 21.06 is greater than the
degree of freedom which is 3.841. Therefore, the null hypothesis is rejected. There is a
significant relationship between the extent of practice of the caring values and the gender of
the respondents.
30
Table 13
Chi Square Data for the Relationship Between the Extent of Practiced Values vs. Gender
Fully Moderately
Gender Total
Practiced Practiced
Male 77 (58.15) 49 (67.85) 126
Female 49 (67.85) 98 (79.15) 147
Total 126 147 273
df=(r-1)(c-1)
=(2-1)(2-1) X2 (df = 1; 3.841)
=(1)(1) Computed X2 = 21.06
df= 1 21.06 > 3.841 therefore X2 is Significant
The data from the table were subjected to a chi square test of independence. Based on
the computation, we had came out that the chi square value of 14.74 is greater than the
degree of freedom which is 5.991. Therefore, the null hypothesis is rejected. There is a
significant relationship between the extent of practice of the caring values and the religion of
the respondents.
Table 14
Chi Square Data for the Relationship Between the Extent of Practiced Values vs. Religion
Fully Moderately
Religion Total
Practiced Practiced
RC 120 (109.89) 120 (130.11) 240
INC 5 (12.82) 23 (15.18) 28
JW 0 (2.29) 5 (2.71) 5
Total 125 148 273
df=(r-1)(c-1)
=(3-1)(2-1) X2 (df = 2; 5.991)
=(2)(1) Computed X2 = 14.74
df= 2 14.74 > 5.991 therefore X2 is Significant
31
The data from the table were subjected to a chi square test of independence. Based on
the computation, we had came out that the chi square value of 9.3 is greater than the degree
of freedom which is 3.841. Therefore, the null hypothesis is rejected. There is a significant
relationship between the extent of practice of the caring values and the place of residence of
the respondents.
Table 15
Chi Square Data for the Relationship Between the Extent of Practiced Values vs. Place of
Residence
Fully Moderately
Address Total
Practiced Practiced
Urban 65 (52.62) 49 (61.38) 114
Rural 61 (73.38) 98 (85.62) 159
Total 126 147 273
df=(r-1)(c-1)
=(2-1)(2-1) X2 (df = 1; 3.841)
=(1)(1) Computed X2 = 9.3
df= 1 9.3 > 3.841 therefore X2 is Significant
The data from the table were subjected to a chi square test of independence. Based on
the computation, we had came out that the chi square value of 0.99 is lesser than the degree
of freedom which is 5.991. Therefore, the null hypothesis is accepted. There is no significant
relationship between the extent of practice of the caring values and the ordinal position in the
32
Table 16
Chi Square Data for the Relationship Between the Extent of Practiced Values vs. Ordinal
Fully Moderately
Ordinal Position Total
Practiced Practiced
Eldest 49 (52.62) 65(61.38) 114
Middle 44 (40.62) 44(47.38) 88
Youngest 33 (32.77) 38(38.23) 71
Total 126 147 273
df=(r-1)(c-1)
=(3-1)(2-1) X2 (df = 2; 5.991)
=(2)(1) Computed X2 = 0.99
df= 2 0.99 < 5.991 therefore X2 is Not Significant
The below data from the table were subjected to a chi square test of independence.
Based on the computation, we had came out that the chi square value of 3.17 is lesser than
the degree of freedom which is 3.841. Therefore, the null hypothesis is accepted. There is no
significant relationship between the extent of practice of the caring values and the school of
Table 17
Chi Square Data for the Relationship Between the Extent of Practiced Values vs. High
School of Origin
Fully Moderately
High school Origin Total
Practiced Practiced
Private 65 (57.69) 61 (68.31) 126
Public 60 (67.31) 87 (79.69) 147
Total 125 148 273
df=(r-1)(c-1)
=(2-1)(2-1) X2 (df = 1; 3.841)
=(1)(1) Computed X2 = 3.17
df= 1 3.17 < 3.841 therefore X2 is Not Significant
33
CHAPTER 5
This concluding chapter presents the summary of findings as well as the conclusions
Summary
This study entitled “The Extent of Development and Practice of Simone Roach's Five
Caring Values by Level IV Nursing Students of the University of Pangasinan primarily aimed
at identifying the extent of development and practice of the five caring values applied by the
Level IV nursing students which are compassion, competence, confidence, conscience and
commitment. The researchers were able to describe the extent on how the nursing students
developed and practiced such values in terms of their desire to help another person. The
ability of the respondents to respond to situations needing their initiative to serve to the best
of their knowledge and skills was also assessed. The willingness to render holistic care to
patients, likewise the behavior regarding ethical issues and the ability to show the innate
This study is of high relevance in the sense that it has been used to determine the
extent of the development and practice of nursing students of the Level IV class in the
University of Pangasinan to render their services and manifest the most valuable virtue in
nursing – caring. The study conducted also pictured how the majority of the respondents
value and dedicate themselves in their profession by the mere acts of showing consideration
34
and even respect to their patients. It also provided a basis for the researchers on what caring
really is, on how to be caring and its impact on the delivery of nursing services.
seventy-three (273) level IV nursing students in the said university, wherein the respondents
were asked to properly fill in the questionnaires which consisted of 2 categories, labeled as
the Extent of Development and the Extent of Practice of the Caring Values. The respondents
had indicated from what extent they had developed and practiced such values by putting a
mark check in each corresponding answers. After the floating of questionnaires, data were
tabulated by the researchers which served as raw information in accomplishing this study.
The study conducted primarily focused on finding out the extent of development and
the extent of practicing the five (5) values associated with giving care to clients by the
respondents, who are the level IV nursing students of the University of Pangasinan. It was
found out that among the five caring values, compassion, commitment, and conscience are
the highly developed and highly practiced caring values by the Level IV nursing students.
Gender, religion, and place of origin also played a significant relationship between the extent
of practice and development of the five caring values. However, there is no significant
relationship of the ordinal position in the family and the high school of origin in terms of the
35
Conclusions
Base on the findings arrived in this study, the following conclusions were drawn:
1. The Level IV nursing students adhere to five caring values of Simon Roach, most
2. The Level IV nursing students have yet to enhance their practice of the values of
3. The development and practice of Simon Roach's five caring values is influenced by such
Recommendations
In order to address the problem in improving and developing the five (5) caring
a) There should be an ample time of exposure of student nurses in the clinical area in
order to practice the value of caring not only theoretically but in the actual setting;
situations requiring critical and ethical judgments in order for them to be properly
equipped as early as possible in preparation for their actual practice of their chosen
profession;
different cultures and races in order to adapt to the trends of delivering cross cultural
36
d) There should be an efficient time for nurse-patient interaction to improve student
e) Five caring values should be emphasized to student nurses in order for them to be
aware on how to practice and develop the extent of their caring values.
37
BIBLIOGRAPHY
A. Books
Garrett, Henry E. Statistics in Psychology and Education. New York: David McKay,
Inc.,1966.
Rocaberte, Tito G. et al. Basics of Nursing Research. Dagupan City: SLA Publising House,
2008.
Spiegel, Murray. Problems and Exercises in Statistics. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co.,
1966.
B. Internet Resources
http://www.bellaonline.com/articles/art43027.asp
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/496360
http://nursing.fau.edu/uploads/docs/527/Roach_Sister_MSimone_ARC-005-1206725175.doc
htt://www.wikipedia.com
38
APPENDIX A
Dear Madam:
In connection with the baby thesis that our group supposed to write as a requirement for our
Introduction to Research subject, may we request that we may be permitted to conduct our
study in the College of Nursing. We would be using fourth year students as our respondents.
Jonathan C. Ang
Group Leader
39
APPENDIX B
Dear Sir:
In connection with the baby thesis that our group supposed to write as a requirement for our
Introduction to Research subject, may we request that we may be permitted to use the records
specifically the over-all roster of names of 4th year Nursing students of College of Nursing.
Rest assured that these records will be treated with utmost confidentiality.
Jonathan C. Ang
Group Leader
40
QUESTIONNAIRE
Please accomplish the questionnaire.Your truthful response to the following questions are needed for our research entitled “THE
EXTENT OF DEVELOPMENT AND PRACTICE OF SIMONE ROACH'S FIVE CARING VALUES BY LEVEL IV NURSING
STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PANGASINAN.”
Thank You.
The Researchers
Name: Section:
(OPTIONAL)
Address:
Simon Roach's Extent of Development of the Values Extent of Practicing the Values
Five Caring Highly Moderately Slightly Not Fully Moderately Limited Not
Values Developed Developed Developed Developed Practiced Practiced Practiced Practiced
Compassion
Conscience
Competence
Commitment
Confidence
CURRICULUM VITAE
Educational Background:
2002
2006
College of Nursing
CURRICULUM VITAE
Educational Background:
2002
2006
College of Nursing
CURRICULUM VITAE
Educational Background:
2002
2006
College of Nursing
CURRICULUM VITAE
Educational Background:
2002
2006
College of Nursing
CURRICULUM VITAE
Educational Background:
2002
2006
College of Nursing
CURRICULUM VITAE
Educational Background:
1988
1992
College of Nursing
CURRICULUM VITAE
Educational Background:
2002
2006
College of Nursing
CURRICULUM VITAE
Educational Background:
2001
2005
College of Nursing
CURRICULUM VITAE
Educational Background:
2002
2006
College of Nursing
CURRICULUM VITAE
Educational Background:
2002
2006
College of Nursing
CURRICULUM VITAE
Educational Background:
2002
2006
College of Nursing
CURRICULUM VITAE
Educational Background:
2002
2006
College of Nursing
CURRICULUM VITAE
Educational Background:
2002
2006
College of Nursing
CURRICULUM VITAE
Educational Background:
2002
2006
College of Nursing
CURRICULUM VITAE
Educational Background:
1988
1992
College of Nursing
CURRICULUM VITAE
Educational Background:
2002
2006
College of Nursing
CURRICULUM VITAE
Educational Background:
2001
2005
College of Nursing
CURRICULUM VITAE
Educational Background:
2002
2006
College of Nursing