Abdul-Muttalib

Abdul-Muttalib
Shaybah ibn Hshim (Arabic: ; ca. 497 578), better known as 'Abdul-Mualib, since he was raised by his uncle Mualib,[1] was the grandfather of Islamic prophet Muammad.

Early life
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His father was Hshim ibn `Abd Manf and his mother was Salmah bint `Amr from the Ban Najjr tribe in Yathrib (later called, Madinah). On his father's side he belonged to the distinguished Ban Hshim clan, a subgroup of the Quraish tribe of Makkah which traced their genealogy to Ism'l and Ibrhm. His father died while doing business in Gaza, before he was born. He was given the name "Shaybah" meaning 'the ancient one' or 'white-haired' for the streak of white through his jet-black hair, and is sometimes also called Shaybat al-amd ("The white streak of praise"). After his father's death he was raised in Yathrib with his mother and her family until about the age of eight, when his uncle Mualib went to see him and asked his mother Salmah bint `Amr to entrust Shaybah to his care. Salmah was unwilling to let her son go and Shaybah refused to leave his mother without her consent. Mualib then pointed out that the possibilities Yathrib had to offer were incomparable to Makkah. Salmah was impressed with his arguments, so she agreed to let him go. Upon first arriving in Makkah, the people assumed the unknown child was Mualib's slave, giving him the name `Abdul-Mualib (slave of Mualib).

Chieftain of Banu Hashim clan

When Mualib died, Shaybah succeeded him as the chief of the Ban Hshim clan. Following his uncle Al-Mualib, he took over the duties of watering and feeding the pilgrims and carried on the practices of his forefathers with his people. He attained such eminence as none of his forefathers enjoyed; his people loved him and his reputation was great among them. (Guillaume, p61) 'Umar's Umar ibn Al-Khab grandfather Nufail ibn Abd al-Uzz arbitrated in a dispute between Abdul-Mualib and arb ibn Umayyah, Abu Sufyns father, over the custodianship of the Ka'bah. Nufail gave his verdict in favor of Abdul-Mualib. Addressing arb ibn Umayyah he said: "Why do you pick a quarrel with a person who is taller than you in stature; more imposing than you in appearance; more refined than you in intellect; whose progeny outnumbers yours and whose generosity outshines yours in luster?

Abdul-Muttalib Do not, however, construe this into any disparagement of your good qualities which I highly appreciate. You are as gentle as a lamb, you are renowned throughout Arabia for the stentorian tones of your voice, and you are an asset to your tribe."

The digging of the well Zamzam

While Abdul-Muttalib was sleeping in the sacred enclosure he had a vision in which he was ordered to dig Zamzam which was a depression between the two idols of Quraysh, Isf and Nila, at the slaughter-place of Quraysh. Banu Jurhum had filled it in at the time they left Mecca.

The Year of the Elephant

According to Muslim tradition, the Ethiopian governor of Yemen, Abrahah al-Ashram, envied the Ka'bah's reverence among the Arabs and, being a Christian, he built a cathedral in Sana'a and ordered pilgrimage be made there. The order was ignored and someone desecrated (some saying in the form of defecation) the cathedral. Abrahah decided to avenge this act by demolishing the Ka'bah and he advanced with an army towards Mecca. There were many elephants in Abrahah's army and the year came to be known as 'm al-Fl (the Year of the Elephant), beginning a trend for reckoning the years in Arabia which was used until 'Umar ibn Al-Khab replaced it with the Islamic Calendar. When news of the advance of Abrahah's army came, the Arab tribes of Quraysh, Ban Kinnah, Ban Khuz'ah and Ban Hudhayl united in defense of the Ka'bah. A man from the imyar tribe was sent by Abrahah to advise them that Abrahah only wished to demolish the Ka'bah and if they resisted, they would be crushed. `Abdul-Mualib told the Meccans to seek refuge in the nearest high hills while he with some leading members of Quraysh, remained within the precincts of the Ka'bah. Abrahah sent a dispatch inviting `Abdu'l-Mualib to meet with him and discuss matters. When `Abdul-Mualib left the meeting he was heard saying, "The Owner of this House is its Defender, and I am sure He will save it from the attack of the adversaries and will not dishonor the servants of His House." It is recorded that when Abrahah's forces neared the Ka'bah, Allah commanded small birds (abbl) to destroy Abrahah's army, raining down pebbles on it from their beaks. Abrahah was seriously wounded and retreated towards Yemen but died on the way. This event is referred to in the following Qur'anic chapter: "Have you not seen how your Lord dealt with the owners of the Elephant? Did He not make their treacherous plan go astray? And He sent against them birds in flocks, striking them with stones of baked clay, so He rendered them like straw eaten up." Qur'an sura 105 (Al-Fil) This conflict occurred in 570, according to many sources the same year Muammad was born.

Sacrificing his son Abdullah

Abdul-Muttalib had only one Son when he had a dream to dig a well near by the Zam Zam, He prayed to Allah to give more sons. He vowed that if he were to have ten sons, he would sacrifice one of them for Allah at the Kab'ah. His prayer was answered and has been blessed with 9 more sons. He chose his favorite Son Abdullah(Youngest of them) to sacrifice for Allah. After the elder brothers asked him to sacrifice something else besides Abdullah, Abdul-Muttalib asked advice from a wise women. She told him to cast lots between Abdullah and ten Camels. If Abdullah were chosen, he had to add ten more camels and keep on doing the same until his Lord accepts the camels besides Abdullah. When there was 100 camels reached, Camels were chosen, Abdul-Muttalib confirmed this by repeating the test three times. Then the camels were sacrificed and Abdullah was spared.

Abdul-Muttalib

Wives of Shaybah ibn Hshim

Shaybah ibn Hshim married: Sumrah bint Jandab of Ban awazn tribe. Lubn bint Hjar:Lubna bint Hajar ibn Abd Manaf ibn Shair ibn Habshah ibn Salul ibn Kab ibn Amr of Ban Khuzah tribe. Fimah bint 'Amr, belonging to the Ban Makhzm clan of the tribe of Quraysh. Hlah bint Wuhayb, belonging to the Ban Zuhrah clan of the tribe of Quraysh. Natlah bint Khubb al-Khazraj. Mummana'ah bint 'Amr, belonging to the tribe of Khuz'ah.

Children of Shaybah ibn Hshim

'Abdul Muttalib had ten sons and six daughters.[3] By Sumrah bint Jandab: 1. rith ibn Abdul Mualib. He was the firstborn and he died before his father. By Fimah bint 'Amr: 1. Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib. He became the leader of the Hashim clan after his father. He was the father of 'Al, the first Sh'ah Imm and fourth Caliph. 2. al-Zubayr ibn Abdul Mualib. He was a poet and he died before Islam. He left no children behind. 3. 'Abdullh ibn Abdul Mualib, the father of Muammad by minah bint Wahab of Ban Zuhrah. 4. Barrah bint Abdul Muttalib. 5. Arwa bint Abdul Muttalib. 6. Umama bint Abdul Muttalib. 7. Atika bint Abdul Muttalib. 8. Umm Hakim al-Bayda bint Abdul Muttalib. By Lubn bint Hjar: 1. Abdul 'Uzz ibn Abdul Mualib (Abu Lahab). By Hlah bint Wahb: 1. amzah ibn Abdul Mualib. 2. Quthum ibn Abdul Mualib: He died young. 3. ijl ibn Abdul Mualib: His real name was Mughirah, and he had no children. Al-Ghaidq was his epithet as he was a wealthy man famed for his generosity. Some say that al-Ghaidaq's real name was Nawfal. 4. affiyah bint Abdul Mualib. 5. al-Muqaowwim 6. Abd al-Kabah: There are some scholars who omit Abd al-Kaba's name, saying that al-Muqawwim was his agnomen. By Natlah bint Khubb al-Khazraj: 1. 'Abbs ibn Abdul Mualib. 2. arrr ibn Abdul Mualib: He left no descendants. When he lost his way during a pilgrimage season, causing his mother to almost lose her mind fearing for his life, she made an oath to clothe the Kaba if Allah returned him to her, and a man of Jutham brought him back.

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Death
Abdul Muttalib's son Abdullh died four months before Muammad's birth, after which Abdul Muttalib took care of his daughter-in-law minah. minah also died six years later, and Abdul Muttalib looked after Muhammad until his own death in 578. Shaybah ibn Hshim's grave can be found in the Jannat al-Mu'all cemetery in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.

External links
http://al-islam.org/beacons/3.htm http://www.al-islam.org/peshawar/9.4.html

References
[1] The correct form of the name is with two T's (Ta's) and one l (Lam). Thus for instance in Ibn Mkl's work: Al-Ikml f Raf' al-Irtiyb 'an al-Mu'talif wa al-Mukhtalif fi al-Asm' wa al-Kun Wa al-Ansb. vol. 7. pg. 200. Quote: And as for Muallib it is with ammah (u) of the Mm, and Tashdd (doubling) of the ' ; and there is a group of them (i.e people called by this name)". [2] http:/ / en. wikipedia. org/ w/ index. php?title=Template:Islam& action=edit [3] Abdulmalak ibn Hisham, Notes to Ibn Ishaq's Biography of Allah's Messenger, note 97.

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