Gender

Some key concepts

Sex Gender Culture Society Patriarchy Socialisation Feminism Masculine Feminine

Sex and Gender

Sex Natural Biological - anatomical and physiological Gender Socio-cultural Construct Socio-cultural- behaviour, roles, responsibilities, masculine and feminine qualities Contextual to the cultures

Universal

 Write S for biological and G for gender for statements you consider appropriate. _____ 1. Women give birth to babies, men do not. _____ 2. Girls are gentle; boys are rough. _____ 3. Doctors are men; nurses are women. _____ 4. Boys dont cry. _____ 5. Boys are good at math and science and girls are good at language and history. _____ 6. When one thinks of an engineer, one hardly ever thinks of a woman. _____ 7. Women cook, men provide for the family. _____ 8. Boys voices break at puberty, girls do not. _____ 9. A girl is expected to return home early while a boy can hangout late with his friends. _____ 10. Kindergarten teachers should be women; men are not good at taking care of young children.

Culture
Culture is a complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. (Taylor, E.B 1871)

Society
A group of people who share common culture. Culture and society are closely linked. A culture consists of the objects of a society, whereas a society consists of the people who share a common culture.

Socialisation
Socialization is the process by which children and adults learn from others. Socialisation or gendering through 4 processes
Manipulation Canalisation Verbal appellation Activity exposure

Patriarchy
Is a social structure and an ideology according to which men are superior Six overlapping structures that define patriarchy (Walby, S. 1997)
The state: women are unlikely to have formal power and representation The household: women are more likely to do the housework and raise the children. Violence: women are more prone to being abused Paid work: women are likely to be paid less Sexuality: Women's sexuality is more likely to be treated negatively Culture: women are more misrepresented in media and popular culture

Feminism
Feminism is an awareness of patriarchal control, exploitation and oppression at the material and ideological levels of women's labour, fertility and sexuality, in the family, at the place of work and in society in general and conscious action by women and men to transform the present situation.

Masculine & Feminine

Body Nature Emotion Subject Private Mind Culture Reason Object Public