Technical Policy Statement

Building Energy Performance Benchmarks

Ref . EN4

September 2005
Prepared by: The Framework Energy Working Group Endorsed by: Steve Howe (Director of Building Projects)

Support Services
Engineering Teams

N:\Technical_Policy_Statements\TPS related docs\EN4 -Front cover.doc

Building Energy Benchmarking Designers are required to comply with the Building Energy Performance Benchmarks as set out below. Performance ratings will be calculated for all projects, including refurbishments as well as new build. The Design Team will endeavour to make their performance calculations as accurate as possible and revise accordingly when changes are made to the design that will affect energy performance. The benchmarks have been extracted from existing and approved sources, if more detailed information is required visit the following web sites. http://www.thecarbontrust.co.uk http://www.cibse.org The benchmarks have been compiled by the Framework Energy Working Group, the required methodology being as follows.

T:\Policy Documents\Technical Policy Statements\EN4 - Building energy performance benchmarks.doc

1.

Objectives

The aim of this document is to establish a source of guidance for designers involved in the design and construction of new or refurbished buildings at Imperial College. As the environmental effect of energy is becoming a central issue for the building industry, a pragmatic method to address it (and consequently to mitigate climate change and reduce energy bills) consists in setting good practice yet achievable targets. The targets have been chosen to allow flexibility and design freedom: Table 1 presents the overall energy consumption and CO2 emission targets for a building project. Table 2 and Table 3 specify envelope performance targets and building service equipment targets respectively. These two types of targets deal with the minimum performance values for the individual building elements (e.g. roof and windows) and plant (e.g. specific fan power and lighting efficiency). Thus, starting from the baseline (i.e. the minimum performance of the individual elements and equipment), designers are free to determine their own path towards achieving the overall building performance targets. The targets should therefore not be regarded as a design constraint but instead as a tool to ensure good practice energy performance. 2. How to apply the guidance?

During the several design phases, the design team should take the following steps: Step 1: Stages A/B - Strategic Briefing Determine the overall targets According to the project space accommodation schedule, the design team should use Table 1 to set the overall energy consumptions targets and CO2 emissions targets (in kWh/year/m2 and kgCO2/year/m2 respectively) Step 2: Stage C - Outline Proposals Determine the building design strategy The design team members should develop a building design and energy supply strategy that will achieve the performance targets (this will cover the main architectural decisions, ventilation and heating strategies, etc.). Step 3: Stage D - Detailed Proposals Develop the specifications Table 2 and Table 3 should be used throughout the detailed design phase to help the architects and engineers develop their specifications and detailed design proposals. Figures in these tables should be considered as poorest acceptable values. Step 4: Stage E - Final Design Proposals Check the design Once the design is completed, the design team should calculate the estimated energy consumptions and CO2 emissions and compare them with the targets set at Step 1. This may require modelling in order to provide sufficient confidence that the performance targets will be achieved. Step 5: Stage L Practical Completion Check the construction

T:\Policy Documents\Technical Policy Statements\EN4 - Building energy performance benchmarks.doc

Once the construction is completed, the design team should re-calculate the estimated energy consumptions and CO2 emissions and compare them with the figures calculated at Step 4 and the targets set at Step 1. 3. How the targets were obtained

The targets presented in Table 1, 2 and 3 are the result of an extensive literature search among the most recent and relevant regulations, guides and case studies. A complete list of sources is available at the end of this report. In summary, the most useful sources of information are: Building Regulations part L 2002 along with the proposal for amending part L in 2005; CIBSE Guide F: Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Second edition, 2004; Energy Consumption Guide 19, Energy Use in Offices, DEFRA, 2000; Energy Consumption Guide 94, Energy efficiency in further and higher education, DEFRA, 1997; Cost-effective Low Energy Buildings in Further and Higher Education, GPG207, BRE, 1997.

T:\Policy Documents\Technical Policy Statements\EN4 - Building energy performance benchmarks.doc

This is to certify that the Imperial College energy performance targets have been achieved for the project. This is to be completed at strategic briefing stage, design proposals completion, construction completion and 1 year after completion. Provide supplementary information where relevant.
INSERT PROJECT DETAILS STAGE B Strategic Briefing Project Name Total treated building area 2 (1) (m ) Target energy consumption Target CO2 emissions Data entered by (name and organisation) Accepted by client (name and department) STAGE D Detailed Proposals Design energy consumption Design CO2 emissions Data entered by (name and organisation) Accepted by client (name and department) STAGE E Final Design Proposals Design energy consumption Design CO2 emissions Data entered by (name and organisation) Accepted by client (name and department) STAGE L Practical Completion Asset
(2)

CONFIRM CALCULATION METHODS AND SOFTWARE PROGRAMMES USED

energy consumption

Asset CO2 emissions Data entered by (name and organisation) Accepted by client (name and department) 1 year after Practical Completion Operational energy consumption Operational CO2 emissions Data entered by (name and organisation) Accepted by client (name and department)
(3)

T:\Policy Documents\Technical Policy Statements\EN4 - Building energy performance benchmarks.doc

TABLE 1 - ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND CO2 EMISSION BENCHMARKS

New buildings Refurbishments (and extensions < 100 m2)

Building type

GAS Predicted energy consumption (kWh/m2TFA/yr)

Benchmark source and date

ELECTRICITY Predicted energy consumption (kWh/m2TFA/yr)

Benchmark source and date

TOTAL Predicted energy consumption (kWh/m2TFA/yr)

Benchmark source and date

TOTAL Predicted annual CO2 emissions (kg/m2TFA/yr)

Benchmark source and date

GAS Predicted energy consumption (kWh/m2TFA/yr)

Benchmark source and date

ELECTRICITY Predicted energy consumption (kWh/m2TFA/yr)

Benchmark source and date

TOTAL Predicted energy consumption (kWh/m2TFA/yr)

Benchmark source and date

TOTAL Predicted annual CO2 emissions (kg/m2TFA/yr)

Benchmark source and date

Academic building Lecture room (arts) Lecture room (science) Lecture theatre Library (air-conditioned) Library (naturally-ventilated) Catering (bar/restaurant) Catering (fast/food) Student Residences Halls of residence Self catering/flats Sports / Combined centre Sports / dry sports centre Sports / fitness centre Sports ground changing facility Swimmimg pool (25m) centre Offices Office type 1 Office type 2 Office type 3 Office type 4 Laboratories Laboratory 160 ECG 083-2002 110 ECG 083-2002 270 CALC 1 77.5 CALC 2 211 ECG 083-2002 124 ECG 083-2002 335 CALC 1 93.3 CALC 2 79 79 97 114 ECG019-2000 ECG019-2000 ECG019-2000 ECG019-2000 33 54 128 234 ECG019-2000 ECG019-2000 ECG019-2000 ECG019-2000 112 133 225 348 CALC 1 CALC 1 CALC 1 CALC 1 29.3 38.1 72.8 120.9 CALC 2 CALC 2 CALC 2 CALC 2 151 151 178 210 ECG019-2000 ECG019-2000 ECG019-2000 ECG019-2000 54 85 226 358 ECG019-2000 ECG019-2000 ECG019-2000 ECG019-2000 205 236 404 568 CALC 1 CALC 1 CALC 1 CALC 1 52.1 65.2 129.9 191.8 CALC 2 CALC 2 CALC 2 CALC 2 253 211 264 158 201 141 573 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 89 47 96 64 127 93 152 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 342 258 360 222 328 234 725 CALC 1 CALC 1 CALC 1 CALC 1 CALC 1 CALC 1 CALC 1 86.6 60.8 91.7 57.7 92.6 66.6 175.3 CALC 2 CALC 2 CALC 2 CALC 2 CALC 2 CALC 2 CALC 2 305 253 598 343 449 216 1336 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 105 57 152 105 194 164 237 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 410 310 750 448 643 380 1573 CALC 1 CALC 1 CALC 1 CALC 1 CALC 1 CALC 1 CALC 1 103.5 73.1 180.2 110.9 169.0 111.1 359.2 CALC 2 CALC 2 CALC 2 CALC 2 CALC 2 CALC 2 CALC 2 105 116 309 182 121 192 461 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CALC 0 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 71 119 81 307 48 144 211 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CALC 0 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 176 235 390 489 169 336 672 CALC 1 CALC 1 CALC 1 CALC 1 CALC 1 CALC 1 CALC 1 50.3 72.7 94.1 164.9 43.7 98.0 178.5 CALC 2 CALC 2 CALC 2 CALC 2 CALC 2 CALC 2 CALC 2 126 140 412 257 169 271 651 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 ECG054-1997 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 80 136 108 425 67 157 229 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 ECG054-1997 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 206 276 520 682 236 428 880 CALC 1 CALC 1 CALC 1 CALC 1 CALC 1 CALC 1 CALC 1 58.2 84.6 125.5 229.2 61.1 118.8 222.9 CALC 2 CALC 2 CALC 2 CALC 2 CALC 2 CALC 2 CALC 2

TFA - Treated Floor Area: area measured inside external walls less plant rooms and other areas not directly heated or cooled. CALC 0 = whenever a figure could not be found in the literature, new buildings were assumed to perform 25% better than refurbishments. CALC 1 = addition of the gas and electricity components of the overall energy consumption. CALC 2 = the fossil fuels and electricity components of the overall energy consumption are multiplied by their carbon dioxide factors. OFFICE TYPES (for a detailed description see Energy Consumption Guide 19- Energy Use in Offices, DEFRA, available at The Carbon Trust web site: http://www.thecarbontrust.co.uk) Office type 1: naturally ventilated, cellular, individual windows, local light switches and heating controls, few common facilities. Office type 2: naturally ventilated, open-plan, more office equipment, vending machines, etc. than in office type 1, and more routine use of this equipment. Lights and shared equipment tend to be switched in larger groups. Office type 3: air-conditioned, standard, deeper floor plans than in office type 3. Office type 4: air-conditioned, prestige, plant running hours often longer than in office type 3 to suit the longer occupancy, catering kitchens. Note on the carbon dioxide factors: the carbon doxide emission factors considered here correspond to those of table 1, section 4, page 9, ADL2A of the part L consultation document (i.e. 0.194 kgCO2/kWh for natural gas and 0.422 kgCO2/kWh for grid-supplied

TABLE 2 - BUILDING ENVELOPE PERFORMANCE TARGETS

New buildings (and extensions greater than 100 m2) Good practice Global performance of the envelope Losses minus gains (kWh/m2TFA/year) - Maximum value Air permeability Air permeability (m3/m2.h-1 at 50 Pa) Walls Wall - area weighted average value (W/m2K) Wall - for any individual element (W/m2K) Floors Floor - area weighted average value (W/m2K) Floor - for any individual element (W/m2K) Roofs Flat roof - area weighted average value (W/m2K) Draft L-2005, GPCS396-2001, NPCS102-1997, NPCS1061998, GPG192-2003 Draft L-2005, GPCS396-2001, NPCS102-1997, NPCS1061998, GPG192-2003 L-2002 Draft L-2005 0.25 0.25 0.16 0.25 Draft L-2005, GPG192-2003, ce12-2003 0.20 0.25 Draft L-2005, GPCS396-2001, NPCS102-1997, GPG1922003 Draft L-2005 0.25 0.45 0.25 0.70 0.22 No 0.25 0.70 Draft L-2005, GPG192-2003, ce12-2003 Draft L-2005 0.22 No 0.25 0.70 0.28 0.45 Draft L-2005, GPCS396-2001, NPCS102-1997, NPCS1061998, GPG192-2003 Draft L-2005 0.35 0.45 0.35 0.70 0.27 0.45 Draft L-2005 Draft L-2005 0.27 No No No 0.27 0.45 Draft L-2005, GPG192-2003, ce12-2003 Draft L-2005 0.27 No No No 7 TM23-2000 10.00 No 7 TM23-2000 No No 10 TM23-2000 No No 15 BREEAM-2005 No No 15 BREEAM-2005 No No 25 BREEAM-2005 No No Benchmark source and date Regulatory (Draft L-2005) Regulatory (L-2002) Good practice Extensions no greater than 100 m2 Benchmark source and date Regulatory (Draft L-2005) Regulatory (L-2002) Good practice Refurbishments Regulatory Regulatory (Draft L-2005) (Draft L-2005)

Benchmark source and date

0.22 0.45

0.22 0.45

Draft L-2005 Draft L-2005

0.22 0.45

0.17

0.16

Draft L-2005

0.25

Pitched roof with insulation between rafters - area weighted average value (W/m2K) Pitched roof with insulation between joists - area weighted average value (W/m2K) All types of roof - for any individual element (W/m2K) Windows and rooflights Windows - metal frames - area weighted average value (W/m2K)

0.17

0.25

0.20

0.16

Draft L-2005

0.16

0.20

0.20

Draft L-2005, ce12-2003 Draft L-2005, GPG192-2003, ce12-2003 Draft L-2005

0.20

0.20

0.16 0.35

0.25 0.35

0.16 0.35

0.13 0.35

Draft L-2005 Draft L-2005

0.13 No

0.16 No

0.13 0.35

0.13 No

0.16 No

2.00

Draft L-2005, GPCS396-2001, NPCS102-1997, NPCS1061998, GPG192-2003 Draft L-2005, GPCS396-2001, NPCS102-1997, NPCS1061998, GPG192-2003 Draft L-2005, GPCS396-2001, NPCS102-1997, NPCS1061998, GPG192-2003 Draft L-2005 Draft L-2005 Draft L-2005

2.20

2.20

1.80

Draft L-2005

1.80

2.20

2.00

Average (Draft L-2005, ce122003) Draft L-2005, GPG192-2003, ce12-2003

2.00

2.20

Windows - wood or PVC frames - area weighted average value (W/m2K)

2.00

2.20

2.00

1.80

Draft L-2005

1.80

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

Rooflights - area weighted average value (W/m2K) Curtain wall (whole faade) - area weighted average value (W/m2K) Windows and roolights - for any individual element (W/m K) Curtain wall (whole faade) - for any individual element (W/m K) Doors Vehicle access and similar large doors - area weighted average value (W/m2K) Vehicle access and similar large doors - for any individual element (W/m2K) Entrance doors - metal frames (W/m2K) Entrance doors - wood or PVC frames (W/m K)
2 2 2

2.00

2.20

2.20

1.80

Draft L-2005

1.80

2.20

2.00

Draft L-2005

2.00

2.20

1.60 3.30 2.50

1.60 3.30 2.50

2.20 No No

1.80 3.30 2.50

Draft L-2005 Draft L-2005 Draft L-2005

1.80 No No

2.20 No No

2.00 3.30 2.50

Draft L-2005 Draft L-2005 Draft L-2005

2.00 No No

2.20 No No

1.50 4.00 2.20 2.00

Draft L-2005 Draft L-2005 L-2002 L-2002

1.50 4.00 No No

0.70 No 2.20 2.00

1.50 4.00 2.20 2.00

Draft L-2005 Draft L-2005 L-2002 L-2002

1.50 No No No

0.70 No 2.20 2.00

1.50 4.00 2.20 2.00

Draft L-2005 Draft L-2005 L-2002 L-2002

1.50 No No 4.00

0.70 No 2.20 2.00

TABLE 3 - TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT PERFORMANCE TARGETS

New buildings System Energy Performance Mechanical ventilation Specific fan power Specific fan power (W/l.s-1) - whole building ventilation system - no heat recovery Specific fan power (W/l.s-1) - whole building ventilation system - heat recovery Specific fan power (W/l.s ) - all other central systems Specific fan power (W/l.s ) - local ventilation unit Fans full load Fans full load (W/m2TFA) - Air-conditioned, Standard building Fans full load (W/m2TFA) - Air-conditioned, Prestige building Heat recovery efficiency Heat recovery efficiency (thermal wheel) Heat recovery efficiency (plate) Heat recovery efficiency (no mixing allowed / run-around coil) Refriferation and heat pumps Heating pump installed capacity Heating pump installed capacity (W/m TFA) - Naturally ventilated, Cellular building Heating pump installed capacity (W/m2 TFA) - Naturally ventilated, Open plan buildings Heating pump installed capacity (W/m2 TFA) - Air-conditioned, Standard building Heating pump installed capacity (W/m2 TFA) - Air-conditioned, Prestige building Cooling pump installed capacity Cooling pump installed capacity (W/m2 TFA) - Air-conditioned, Standard building Cooling pump installed capacity (W/m2 TFA) - Air-conditioned, Prestige building Humidification installed capacity Humidification installed capacity (W/m TFA) Heating pump COP if heating pump capacity < 20 kW (COP) if 21 kW < Heating pump capacity < 60 kW (COP) if 61 kW < Heating pump capacity < 120 kW (COP) if 120 kW < Heating pump capacity (COP) Water chiller COP Air-cooled reciprocating water chiller (cooling capacity < 120kW) (COP) Water-cooled reciprocating water chiller (cooling capacity < 120kW) (COP) Air-cooled reciprocating water chiller (cooling capacity > 120kW) (COP) Water-cooled reciprocating water chiller (cooling capacity > 120kW) (COP) Air-cooled water chiller with centrifugal compressors (cooling capacity > 800kW) (COP) Water-cooled water chiller with centrifugal compressors (cooling capacity > 800kW) (COP) Air-cooled water chiller with centrifugal compressors (cooling capacity > 800kW) (COP) Water-cooled water chiller with centrifugal compressors (cooling capacity > 800kW) (COP) Splits and multisplits systems COP 1-12 kW Air cooled split and multisplit (cooling only) - COOLING (EER) 1-12 kW Air cooled split and multisplit, heat pump - COOLING (EER) 1-12 kW Air cooled split and multisplit, heat pump - HEATING (COP) 1-12 kW Air cooled packaged (cooling only) - COOLING (EER) 1-12 kW Air cooled packaged, heat pump - COOLING (EER) 1-12 kW Air cooled packaged, heat pump - HEATING (COP) 1-12 kW Water cooled packaged (cooling only) - COOLING (EER) 1-12 kW Water cooled packaged, heat pump - COOLING (EER) 1-12 kW Water cooled packaged, heat pump - HEATING (COP) 12-45 kW Air cooled split (cooling only) - COOLING (EER) 12-45 kW Air cooled split, heat pump - COOLING (EER) 12-45 kW Air cooled split, heat pump - HEATING (COP) 12-45 kW Air cooled multisplit (cooling only) - COOLING (EER) 12-45 kW Air cooled multisplit, heat pump - COOLING (EER) 12-45 kW Air cooled multisplit, heat pump - HEATING (COP) 12-45 kW Air cooled packaged (cooling only) - COOLING (EER) 12-45 kW Air cooled packaged, heat pump - COOLING (EER) 12-45 kW Air cooled packaged, heat pump - HEATING (COP) 12-45 kW Water cooled packaged (cooling only) - COOLING (EER) 12-45 kW Water cooled packaged, heat pump - COOLING (EER) 12-45 kW Water cooled packaged, heat pump - HEATING (COP) 45-100 kW Air cooled split (cooling only) - COOLING (EER) 45-100 kW Air cooled split, heat pump - COOLING (EER) 45-100 kW Air cooled split, heat pump - HEATING (COP) 45-100 kW Air cooled packaged (cooling only) - COOLING (EER) 45-100 kW Air cooled packaged, heat pump - COOLING (EER) 45-100 kW Air cooled packaged, heat pump - HEATING (COP) Pumps Pumps > 150 m3/h (efficiency) Pumps < 150 m3/h (efficiency) Heating Boiler efficiency (SEDBUK) CHP Power Efficiency Quality Index Lighting Lighting installed capacity and power density Lighting installed capacity (W/m2TFA) Performance Lighting efficiency (W/m2.100 lux) Average luminous efficacy (lumen/W) Average lamp life (h) Security lighting Security lighting - maximum wattage (W) Office equipment installed Office equipment installed capacity (W/m2TFA) - Office type 1 Office equipment installed capacity (W/m2TFA) - Office type 2 Office equipment installed capacity (W/m2TFA) - Office type 3 Office equipment installed capacity (W/m2TFA) - Office type 4 Catering equipment Combination ovens (energy source) Pressure cooker (energy source) Salamander grills (energy source) Gas Gas Gas GPG207-1997 GPG207-1997 GPG207-1997 Gas Gas Gas GPG207-1997 GPG207-1997 GPG207-1997 10 12 14 15 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 12 14 16 18 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 150 ECOH-2005 150 ECOH-2005 3 45 8000 CIBSE F-2004 Draft L-2005 GPG199-1996 3.75 40 8000 CIBSE F-2004 GPG199-1996 GPG199-1996 12 CIBSE F-2004, ECG019-2000 15 CIBSE F-2004, ECG019-2000 28% 105 Maufacturers' websites CHPQA-2003 28% 100 Maufacturers' websites CHPQA-2003 The methodology to calculate QI is given in Note 10 of CHPQA Standard, page 3 86% SEDBUK-2005 86% SEDBUK-2005 * heating system gross seasonal efficiency (gas-fired) 65% 50% BELOK-2005 BELOK-2005 65% 50% BELOK-2005 BELOK-2005 3.00 3.00 3.07 3.10 3.00 3.20 Draft L-2005 Draft L-2005 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 Draft L-2005 CIBSE F-2004 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 Draft L-2005 Draft L-2005 Draft L-2005 Draft L-2005 Draft L-2005 Draft L-2005 3.00 3.00 3.40 3.00 3.00 3.20 3.10 3.10 3.40 3.00 3.00 3.25 3.00 3.00 3.11 3.00 3.00 3.47 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 Draft L-2005 Draft L-2005 CIBSE F-2004 Draft L-2005 Draft L-2005 CIBSE F-2004 Draft L-2005 Draft L-2005 CIBSE F-2004 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 Draft L-2005 Draft L-2005 Draft L-2005 Draft L-2005 Draft L-2005 Draft L-2005 Draft L-2005 Draft L-2005 Draft L-2005 Draft L-2005 Draft L-2005 Draft L-2005 Draft L-2005 Draft L-2005 Draft L-2005 Draft L-2005 Draft L-2005 Draft L-2005 Insufficient data Insufficient data Insufficient data 3.00 3.20 3.00 3.40 3.00 3.80 3.00 4.00 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 Draft L-2005 CIBSE F-2004 Draft L-2005 CIBSE F-2004 Draft L-2005 CIBSE F-2004 3.00 3.20 3.00 3.40 3.00 3.80 3.00 4.00 Draft L-2005 CIBSE F-2004 Draft L-2005 CIBSE F-2004 Draft L-2005 CIBSE F-2004 Draft L-2005 CIBSE F-2004 2.20 2.40 2.50 2.60 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 2.20 2.40 2.50 2.60 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004
2 2 -1 -1

Refurbishments Notes

Benchmark source and date

Energy Performance

Benchmark source and date

1.80 2.00 1.80 0.20 22 24 70% 60% 50%

CIBSE F-2004, ECG019-2000, GPG192-2003 Draft L-2005 CIBSE F-2004, ECG019-2000, GPG192-2003 Draft L-2005 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 GPG192-2003 BELOK-2005 BELOK-2005

2.5 3.0 2.0 0.2 42 44 70% 60% 50%

Draft L-2005, CIBSE F-2004, ECG0192000 Draft L-2005 Draft L-2005 Draft L-2005 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 GPG192-2003 BELOK-2005 BELOK-2005

0.80 1.20 1.35 1.35 1.80 2.00 15

CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004

1.90 2.50 2.80 2.80 3.10 3.40 20

CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004 CIBSE F-2004

BENCHMARK SOURCES
Abbreviation 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 L-2002 CIBSE F-2004 Draft L-2005 BRIEF6-2003 ECG054-1997 GPG207-1997 GPG32 -2002 GPG336-1996 GPCS333-1996 GPCS334-1996 GPCS335-1997 GPCS394-2001 GPCS396-2001 NPCS102-1997 NPCS106-1998 GPCS042-1993 GPG199-1996 ECG019-2000 GPG 286-2000 GPG 388-2004 ECG 083-2002 ECG051-1998 BELOK-2005 GPG204-1996 UKEPIC-2005 GPG192-2003 ECOH-2005 BREEAM-2005 GPG246-1998 SEDBUK-2005 CHPQA-2003 ce12-2003 GLAREN-2004 TM23-2000 Building Regulations, Part L, 2002 Energy efficiency in buildings, CIBSE Guide F, Second edition, 2004 Proposals for amending Part L and Implementing the EPBD, Consultation document, 2004 The Energy Performance of Buildings, CIBSE Briefing 6, 2003 Energy efficiency in further and higher education, ECG 054, 1997 Cost-effective low energy buildings in further and higher education, GPG207, 1997 Energy monitoring and targeting systems for further and higher education, GPG327, 2002 Energy monitoring and targeting systems for further and higher education, University of Wales, Cardiff GPG336, 1996 Energy management practices in further education, Southwark College of Further Education, a low-cost pragmatic approach, GPCS333, 1996 The benefits of including energy efficiency early in the design stage, Anglia Polytechnic University, GPCS334, 1996 Investment in energy efficiency at the University of Warwick, GPCS335, 1997 Cost-effective energy efficiency in refurbished university buildings, St Michaels House, University College Chichester, GPCS394, 2001 Cost-effective ventilation and cooling in new university buildings, University of Lincolnshire and Humberside, GPCS396, 2001 The Queens Building, de Montfort University , feedback for designers and clients, NPCS102, 1997 The Elizabeth Fry Building, University of East Anglia, feedback for designers and clients, NPCS106 - 1998 Energy Efficiency in Higher Education Buildings: Condensing Gas Boilers, GPCS042, 1993 Energy efficient lighting, GPG199, 1996 Energy Consumption Guide 19, Energy use in offices, DEFRA, 2000 Action Energy, Civil Estate Benchmarking Guide, GPG 286, 2000 Combined Heat and Power for Buildings, a guide for building services engineers, Action Energy, GPG 388, 2004 Energy use in Government laboratories, ECG 083, 2002 Energy Consumption Guide 51, Energy efficiency in sports and recreation buildings, Best Practice Programme, 1998 Swedish Office Procurement Database, http://www.belok.nu CHP in Universities, GPG 204, 1996 The UK Environmental Products Information Consortium (UKEPIC) - http://www.ukepic.co.uk Designing Energy Efficient Multi-Residential Buildings, GPG 192, 2003 Eco-Homes - the environmental rating for homes BREEAM Offices 2005 Building Management Systems in Higher and Further Education, GPG 246, 1998 Boiler efficiency Database, http://www.sedbuk.com CHPQA Standard - http://www.chpqa.com Energy efficiency in new Housing, Summary of specifications for England, Wales and Scotland, Energy Saving Trust, ce12, 2003 GLA Renewable Energy Toolkit, 2004 Testing buildings for air leakage, CIBSE, 2000 Title