i_\>=

.\=> _. =\==>=
-,.:=, v! _.Y! _\s.\! ,==\!
-,_..:={!
l . . / ,.\! _. ,,\>\! .,=
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The Naga Hammadi Codex
==>= .\==> _=. =\==
Let me first give you some ideas about the Coptic
Language with which the codices of Naga Hammadi _=.
.'== _ are written by.

The Coptic Language
The Coptic language is the last stage of the ancient
Egyptian language and script.
By the invasion of the Greek to Egypt in the 4
th
B.C.,
the Coptic script began to appear using the Greek alphabets
and 7 letters from the ancient Egyptian Language, which
don't excite in the Greek language.
The oldest Coptic document which represents the 1
st

attempted to write this stage of the ancient Egyptian language
(Coptic) is (Pap. Heidelberg 414) dated in the 3
rd
century
B.C., it's being classified as proto-Coptic.
The next Coptic stage is known as old-Coptic, it was
used by the Paganism in the 2
nd
and 3
rd
century A.D.
Thus the Coptic passed through 2 stages:
The early period: in which the Egyptian had written
their language by Greek letters.
The 2
nd
period: in which the Christians in Alexandria
used to connect between the Christian and the new Coptic
script, avoiding hieroglyph which was the script of the
Paganism.
Within the relation between the Greek and the Coptic,
some Greek words were used in the Coptic language.

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The role of the Coptic Church in promoting the Coptic:
It is due to the Coptic Church that the Coptic language
began to be settled as far as phonetics and grammar. This
happened in the time of the Pope Demetrius El-Skandari
and his successors (from 189-232 A.D.).
Let me say a few words about translating the holly
book to the Coptic language. Apparently it started in the 1
st

half of the 3
rd
century as the law of Saint Bakhomious " ,=', "
states that monk should read the bible in Coptic.
Coptic language continued to be used in many places in
Upper and Lower Egypt until Islam came to Egypt in 641
A.D.
Yet the Coptic language continued to be used side by
side with the Arabic language until the 12
th
Century. Starting
from 13
th
Century after A.D. Coptic began to write their
religious works in Arabic.
Coptic is still used in the churches of Egypt till
nowadays.
Coptic dialects:-
Coptic knew so many dialects which are being derived
from the origin the ancient Egyptian language. They are:
I Upper Egypt dialect (South Part of Egypt)
a- Akhmimic dialect.
b- Fayyoumic dialect.
c- Siut Dialect.
II Bohairic ( Lower Egypt)
{The most common and the one still used in the
churches}
Hermopolis
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The Codices of
Naga Hammadi
Naga Hammadi is one of the cities of the Qena
government '.. -='== in Upper Egypt. It is on the North of
Luxor.
Naga Hammadi codex _.'== _=. .'==== brings to the
mind the Hebrew and Aramaic manuscripts that were found
in the caves of Khirbt Qurman _=` -,= on the Dead Sea
between (1947-1954).
1
These Manuscript draws attention of the scholars and
those concerned as they thought it will reveal some
information about the very early period of Christianity. In
these manuscripts, the name of the Christ was not frankly
mentioned, although that the people that wrote these
documents were Christians, but they were committed to the
Jewish community and thoughts.
In the year 1945,
2
two years before Qumran, there was
a similar surprise in Egypt, took place, where Naga
Hammadi documents were found, but was not brought to
light.
We all know that the Roman's church was dominated
after the Romans Emperor Constantine the Great (A.D.
285?-337) adopted the Christianity, they burnt a lot of
documents, hence some information about the history of the
first Christian groups were lost.

1
See: \=.= .=>l .,=\ =,\ .'==== _\. -=,=\ _=\ -,.>= ) ,'= ='\
` ( -='= ``- - ` `- - ` _.'== _=. .'==== _= '=,' _=
_= .'====, ',.>= : _.\s\! .,= _\.== .=>= ) .\ -,\,\=. -=. -==. (
.,=\ =,\ .'==== =.\ ,.>\\ -,=\'=\ _\. -=,=\ ]) ='\ [ -- ( .
2
See: James M. ROBINSON, The Discovery of the Nag Hammadi
Codices, Biblical Archaeologist, Cambridge, MA 42 (1979), 206-
224, 16 ill. (1 in colour), 1 map, 1 fig.
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In spite of the persecution of the Romans to the
Christians in Egypt, some of the Egyptian monks succeeded
to hide the Coptic manuscripts in Upper Egypt.
Mr. Mohamed Ali El-Saman _'==\ _\= .=== was an
Egyptian farmer who used to who used practice his daily
work at El-Taref Mountain (Jabal al-Tarif) '=\ ,= .
El-Taref Mountain is 10 km north east to the mountain
of Naga Hammadi. It consists of 150 rocky tombs of the
ancient Egyptian, and was used later by the monks so they
could practice their religion avoiding the Romans.
Mr. Mohamed El-Saman found a 1 meter height jar
while he was digging; he rapidly and carefully got rid of the
jar's lid hoping to find a treasure of gold which will improve
his finical, economical state and social life. He was not
patient enough, hence he broke the jar and he got terribly
shocked for not finding gold but he found scrolls. Mr.
Mohamed and his brother Khalifa " -,\= " carried the scrolls
on the back of the camel and back to their village Humret
Dom ,. =`= -, . They placed the scrolls near to the oven
so that their mother will use them when heating the oven to
bake bread, because they were both illiterate, they did not
realize the importance of these scrolls, but there were some
scrolls kept safe for 15 centuries hopping not to be used to
heat the oven.
Due to some family problems they were forced to leave
the village, so they left the scroll to a Coptic priest whom
they trusted in the same village.
Mr. Ragheb Andrauis " _..' ,= " was the relative of
the priest and as well was a teacher; he realized the
importance of the scrolls as it were written in Coptic, which
he recognized. He brought one of the scrolls to his friend Dr.
George Sobhy " g _=,= " in Cairo because he was a
specialist in the Coptic language.
The last, Dr. George Sobhy, took the scroll to the
Egyptian museum in Cairo in order to show it to Mr. E.
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Drioton " _.,; _.,. " , the French Egyptology and a director of the
museum. When realizing its importance, Mr. Drioton bought
the scroll for the museum with 250 pounds.
The other scrolls started to reach to the hands of the
antique dealers, but the Egyptian organization of the antiques
managed to get them all back.
When Professor Taha Hussein _,== -= became the
Minster of Education in Egypt, and heard the story of the
scrolls, he ordered to save a budget for the scholars to check
the scrolls to know some information about them.
Later on, the scrolls became a national property hence it
was kept in the Coptic Museum.
The scrolls are 13 in number, but only one of them was
sold by the Jung Institute in Zurich in 1952 to be presented to
the psychologist Karls Jostave Jung _\'> g., '.= , a
colleague of Sigmund Froid ., ..==,= . But after the
death of Jung, the scrolls were back to the Coptic museum.
Scholars found out that the Codex of Naga Hammadi
is almost a full library consisting of 52 texts in 1125 pages
and in 13 volumes written in Coptic.
In 1956, Egypt invited scholars from all over the world
to meet in a conference in Cairo to study the steps to read and
publish these manuscripts. Unfortunately, the conference was
cancelled because of the trial aggression on Egypt in the
same year by the British, the French, and the Israeli.
UNESCO in 1961 called for another conference which
resulted to a committee to photograph all the scrolls. This
was published in Leiden Holland which enabled many
scholars to go through.
Later in the USA under the Theology Prof. James
Robinson they started the translating the texts to English
which was finished by the year 1975, later on the it was
translated to French and German.
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After a compressive study, it turned out to be religious
Christian writings of one of the groups that appeared at the
beginning of the 1
st
century A.D., known as The Knowers
_'=\ ) =', ( which a can be compared with Sufi _,=\
(mystic) now a days.
These people believed in the duality of existence: the
body and the soul, non- existence which are always in
permanent conflict. They are looking for the true knowledge
which in their opinion is not the same obtain through
experience of the 5 sense as it is bodily but the true
knowledge is reached by knowing the heavenly divine spirit.
These knowledges can not be reached unless he gets to
know himself. Therefore those (the Knowers) were the first
to put the principals of Psychology, and this was the reason
why the Psychologist Jung was interested in their ideas.
To know themselves well, to know themselves well, the
Knowers gave up their properties and work and used to go to
the desert to practice the life of the minks, eating nothing
except bread, and drinking water only.
The spiritual knowledge in their opinion requires
controlling the body desire and each in the pure spiritual case.
They were spending their times in praying, reading, and
writing.
Nobody knows for sure when did this group started
practicing? But there is some evidence that they began since
the Roman occupation to Egypt by the end of the 1
st
century
A.D.
They were mentioned in the writings of the Jewish
Alexandria Philosophy Philo Goodlyos " _,\.= \, " who
named them the people of Mirage, Phantom.
Who were able to recover some difficult diseases?
It is for sure that Christianity when it first appeared in
Egypt, it spread first among Knowers and Anpa. The first to
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write the history of Christian church was the Knowers and
they were the first to represent the Christian Church.
The Codex of Naga Hammadi consists of a number of
Gospels that were not known before.
We know that the New testament consists of 4 main
attributes (evangels) of the bible: Matthew Gospel _.= ,=.;,
Mark Gospel _= ,=.;, Luke Gospel '\ ,=.;, John Gospel
'\ ,=.;, these attributes that was admitted by the church.
But according to Naga Hammadi its clear that there
have been other Gospels known since the 1
st
century till the
4
th
A.D. among which the Gospel of Thomas (or Toma '=.),
3
contained some speeches of Jesus, some of which are
occurring in the 4 main attributes (evangels) which was
mentioned before and some not.
There was also the Gospel of Maria and that of the
Egyptians and the Gospel of Philip (Phillipus _,,\,).
4
As the bible of the New Testament are dated to after
years 70, Tomas Gospel is dated 20 years older, this is
considered as the oldest Gospel known till now. It was
mentioned that the name Thomas is Coptic version is that of
Thomas the Egyptian.
Apparently the first Christian Group especially those of
Egypt had some difference in their beliefs comparable to
those of the Roman Church since the half of the 2
nd
century.
When Bishops began to evaluate the Christian
movement on the priestly basis at the beginning of the 3
rd

century, they began especially those of Rome to impose their
instruction on the other churches which home different
opinion.

3
Thomas/Toma: Saint, he was one of the 12 Apostles. According to the
New Testament, he doubted that Jesus had risen from the dead until he
saw the wounds.
4
Philip: Saint in the first century A.D. He was one of the 12 Apostles. In
the New Testament he is present at the feeding of the 5,000 (John 6: 5
sq.).
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The Egyptian Church refused the instructions of Rome,
hence suffered a lot.
And when the Romans Emperor Constantine the
Great (A.D. 285?-337) believed in Christianity in the 4
th
Century, hence Christianity became the official religion of
the empire, the authority of the Rome church increased, they
began to burn all the documents that have different
explanations.
At that time the Serapeum temple of Alexandria and the
manuscript of the library of Alexandria were burned.
When the monks of Naga Hammadi learned about this
damage, they began to hide their documents in the Rock
tombs until they were in 1945.
Although the Codex were translated and studied, yet
they require further studies to know more about the early
period of Christianity in Egypt

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List of Codex publications:
Such as (from 1954-1974/75):

In 1962, Martin KRAUSE and Pahor LABIB
published a book
5
opens with three introductory chapters on
the Nag' Hammdi codices I-VI.
6
Then the text (with
apparatus criticus) and the translation of III, II and IV
follow.
7
All of them are versions of the Apocryphon
Johannis, one of the oldest preserved Gnostic texts. The
authors had to refrain from giving a commentary. Three
indexes and a number of pages containing addenda et
corrigenda conclude the book.
While in 1971, they (M. KRAUSE and P. LABIB)
published together their second volume of this series,
8
which
begins with a description of Codex VII-XIII (with additional
observations
9
), continuing the report about the Nag Hammadi
texts begun in Vol. 1 of this series.
10

After a brief discussion of the titles of the 53 (?)
tractates (= treatises or essays ..'= ' .'=) contained in the
thirteen codices, the authors (M. KRAUSE and P. LABIB)
describe in some detail the language of the remaining two
5
Martin KRAUSE, und Pahor LABIB, Die drei Versionen des
Apokryphon des Johannes im koptischen Museum zu Alt-Kairo, =
Abhandlungen des Deutschen Archologischen Instituts Kairo,
Koptische Reihe, Band 1, Otto Harrassowitz (Wiesbaden, 1962).
6
M. KRAUSE, & P. LABIB, Die drei Versionen des Apokryphon des
Johannes im koptischen Museum zu Alt-Kairo, 1-36.
7
M. KRAUSE, & P. LABIB, Die drei Versionen, 37-255.
8
Martin KRAUSE, und Pahor LABIB, Gnostische und hermetische
Schriften aus Codex II und Codex VI, = Abhandlungen des
Deutschen Archologischen Instituts Kairo. Koptische Reihe 2,
Verlag J. J. Augustin (Glckstadt, 1971).
9
M. KRAUSE & P. LABIB, Gnostische und hermetische Schriften aus
Codex II und Codex VI, = Abhandlungen des DAIK. Koptische
Reihe 2 (Glckstadt, 1971), 232-239.
10
See: M. KRAUSE, P. LABIB, Die drei Versionen des Apokryphon des
Johannes im koptischen Museum zu Alt-Kairo, Abhandlungen des
DAIK, Koptische Reihe 1, Otto Harrassowitz (Wiesbaden, 1962).
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tractates in Codex II, and of the eight tractates in Codex VI.
They are entitled "The Exegesis on the Soul" ,=. _\ =
and "The Book of Thomas the Athlete" '=. ,'.> _=',`\
(Codex II); "The Acts of Peter and the Twelve Apostles"
== _.., .,=>.\ _=, '==', "The Thunder: The Perfect
Mind", "The Authentic Teaching", and "The Perception of
Thought: The Concept of the Great Power".
The fifth tractate in Codex VI has no title; the
remaining three tractates belong to the corpus of hermetic
literature. One of them (Tractate 8) was already previously
known in a fragmentary Greek and a revised Latin version
with the title "Asclepius" ( .,\>= _, = ..==; / _== ).
The Coptic text of the ten tractates (of Codex II and VI)
is published with a German translation,
11
followed by
comprehensive indexes; an equally extensive commentary
will be published separately.
12

In 1979, Frederik WISSE studies twenty cryptographic
Coptic inscriptions and gives an outline of Coptic
cryptography in general.
13

11
M. KRAUSE & P. LABIB, Gnostische und hermetische Schriften aus
Codex II und Codex VI (Glckstadt, 1971), 68-206.
12
See: Michel van Esbroek, in: CdE XLVIII, No. 95 (1973), 205-206;
Alexander Bhlig, in: Mundus 10 (1974), 30-32; H. Quecke, in:
Orientalia 42 (1973), 530-534; Tito Orlandi, in: Rivista 47 (1972),
48-50.
13
F. WISSE, Language Mysticism in the Nag Hammadi Texts and in
early Coptic Monasticism I: Cryptography, in: Enchoria 9 (1979),
101-120.
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Nag-Hammadi Codex I (Codex Jung),
I. On the Pleroma (De Generibus Tribus);
- > =\s,=\! _._ :
II. On the Creation (De Creatione Hominis);
- =\>\! > _ :
III. On the Three Natures (De Generibus Tribus).
- =>.\! _.\,=\! > :
The Oratio Pauli Apostoli:
- \! _\, >=} \=_ _
The Evangelium Veritatis:
- ,.} _,.\.,_\! :
In 1966, Jean DORESSE published the text of Codex I
of the Nag-Hammadi papyri (page 40 from line 12 to page 69
line 20) in the left pages and a translation in the right pages,
and comments on text and translation in notes on each page.
An index of proper names and one of Greek words used in
the text follow.
14
He completed this study, in 1968, with Part
II: Commentary and notes and Part III: Additional Notices.
N.B. Codex I in the numeration of the author is Codex III in
the numeration of Krause's inventory.
15

In 1969, Rodolphe KASSER published an article deals
with the fourth tractate (= treatise, essay '= -\'=) (pages
51-140) of Nag' Hammadi Codex I (the Codex Jung
16
),
particularly with the much debated question whether this

14
Jean DORESSE, "Le livre sacr du grand Esprit invisible" ou
"l'vangile des gyptiens". Texte Copte dit, traduit et comment,
d'aprs le Codex I de Nag'a-Hammadi/Khnoboskion, in: Journal
Asiatique, Paris 254 (1966), 317-435 (3 pl.).
15
J. DORESSE, "Le livre sacr du grand Esprit invisible" ou
"l'vangile des gyptiens". Texte Copte dit, traduit et comment,
d'aprs le Codex I de Nag'a-Hammadi/Khnoboskion, in: Journal
Asiatique, Paris 256 (1968), 289-386.
16
See: H.-Ch. PUECH, et G. QUISPEL, Les crits gnostiques du
Codex Jung, in: Vigiliae Christianae, Amsterdam 8 (1954), 1-51.
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tractate, in which three parts can be distinguished (I: On the
Pleroma; II: On the Creation; III: On the Three Natures), is to
be regarded as a whole or has to be divided into separate
tractates.
17

In 1973, Rodolphe KASSER, Michel MALININE,
Henri-Charles PUECH, Gilles QUISPEL, and Jan
ZANDEE published the principal Edition of the first section
of the fourth text in Codex Nag' Hammdi I (=Codex Jung):
18

- The text, without title, has been called by the editors
Tractatus Tripartitus, the first section De Supernis.
- A second volume will contain sections 2 and 3 (De
Creatione Hominis and De Generibus Tribus).
In the foreword the authors indicate how they have
divided among them the work on the edition. The
introduction deals in two chapters with outer appearance and
script and with the theology of the text, the latter in the form
of a brief commentary. There follow 54 splendid
photographs, a translation in French accompanied on the
opposite pages by the transcription, translations in German
and English, and notes to textual matters and to the contents
of the text.
Sequel to the above mentioned publication of Codex I,
in 1976, the same authors published Tractatus Tripartitus.
Pars II. De Creatione Hominis. Pars III. De Generibus
Tribus. Codex Jung F. LIIV- F. LXXV (p. 104-140).
19
The

17
R. KASSER, Les subdivisions du Tractatus Tripartitus (Codex Jung,
p. 51-140), in: Muson 82 (1969), 101-121.
18
Rodolphe KASSER, Michel MALININE, Henri-Charles PUECH,
Gilles QUISPEL, Jan ZANDEE, adiuuantibus Werner VYCICHL,
R. McL. WILSON, Tractatus Tripartitus. Pars I. De Supernis. Codex
Jung F. XXVIr - F. LIIv (p. 51-104), Francke Verlag (Bern, 1973).
See: Tito Orlandi, in: Rivista 48 (1973/74), 268-270; Robert Haardt,
in: WZKM 67 (1975), 252-253.
19
R. KASSER, M. MALININE, H.-Ch. PUECH, G. QUISPEL, J.
ZANDEE, adiuvantibus W. VYCICHL, R. Mcl. WILSON,
Tractatus Tripartitus. Pars II. De Creatione Hominis. Pars III. De
Generibus Tribus. Codex Jung F. LIIV- F. LXXV (p. 104-140),
Francke Verlag (Bern, 1975). (21 x 31.5 cm; 348 p., 41 pl.).
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two tractates here published for the first time occupy p.
104,4-108,12 and 108,13-140,25 of Codex Nag' Hammadi I
(Codex Jung). Added is (p. 243-285) the Oratio Pauli
Apostoli so far as preserved on p. 143?-144? of the codex.
First a theological introduction to the two works is given in
the form of a brief commentary, by Zandee. There follow the
plates, the Coptic text with the French translation on opposite
pages, the German and the English version, textual and
philological notes and theological notes. The Oratio is dealt
with in the same way. At the end, there is a supplement
consisting of 4 photographs of f. XVII and XVIII rt. and vs.
of the Evangelium Veritatis. The authors finished their
work with Indexes to Copto-Greek and genuine Coptic words
in both volumes of the Tractatus Tripartitus on p. 289-345.

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Nag-Hammadi Codex II,
The Gospel of Philip:
,.} = ,\, = _
The Gospel of Thomas:
,.} = _\=. ) =. = \ (
The Hypostasis of the Archons:
,,= = >_v! - = / .,=\! =) .,=>. g,==\! (
The Apocryphon of John (Johannis/Jean):
=l = _\ / ,\.: = .>, =\ = \>.=\! \ = - ) \.> _ =:==\! (
Exegesis about the Soul:
=. = > _, = \! = __
In 1967, the Gospel according to Philip appears in
Codex II of the Nag Hammadi papyri which was published
by Jacques-. MNARD. The dialect is Sahidic with
Akhmimic influences. In the introduction of his book,
20

MNARD deals with the structure and composition of the
text and lists its morphological and syntactic peculiarities.
After a discussion of the theological aspects, a copious
bibliography is given.
21
The text and translation
22
are
followed by an extensive commentary
23
and several indices:
Greek words,
24
Coptic words,
25
proper names,
26
subjects
treated in the text,
27
quotations
28
and authors cited.
29

20
Jacques-. MNARD, L'vangile selon Philippe. Introduction, Texte-
Traduction, Commentaire, Universit de Strasbourg, facult de
thologie catholique ([Strasbourg], 1967), 1-44.
21
J.-. MNARD, L'vangile selon Philippe (1967), 37-44.
22
J.-. MNARD, L'vangile selon Philippe (1967), 46-117.
23
J.-. MNARD, L'vangile selon Philippe (1967), 121-246.
24
J.-. MNARD, L'vangile selon Philippe (1967), 249-256.
25
J.-. MNARD, L'vangile selon Philippe (1967), 257-277.
26
J.-. MNARD, L'vangile selon Philippe (1967), 278.
27
J.-. MNARD, L'vangile selon Philippe (1967), 279-285.
28
J.-. MNARD, L'vangile selon Philippe (1967), 287-309.
29
J.-. MNARD, L'vangile selon Philippe (1967), 311-315.
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In the other hand, while observing that the work on the
reconstruction of the text of the Gospel of Philip (Nag-
Hammadi Codex II, third tractate) is by no means completed,
hereby Rodolphe KASSER submits in year 1968 a series of
emendations.
30
But in 1970, he continued his work with
introduction, translation, and notes of the Gospel of Philip
(l'vangile selon Philippe), the second tractate in Codex II of
the Nag-Hammadi papyri.
31

In the same year (1968), Yvonne JANSSENS gives a
translation of the Gospel of Philip (the third tractate in Codex
II of the Nag-Hammadi papyri).
32

In 1969, preliminary remarks are made about the
Gospel according to Thomas, which is Tractate 2 of Nag'
Hammadi Codex II., in the 18th chapter titled Erwgungen
zum Thomas-Evangelium of Franz ALTHEIM and Ruth
STIEHLs book.
33

Also in the same year (1969) and in the same book,
Peter NAGEL made remarks on the orthography, phonology,
morphology and syntax of the language of Nag' Hammadi
Codex II as compared to classic Sahidic.
34

30
R. KASSER, L'vangile selon Philippe. Propositions pour quelques
reconstitutions nouvelles, in: Muson 81 (1968), 407-414.
31
R. KASSER, Bibliothque gnostique VIII [et] IX. L'vangile selon
Philippe, in: Revue de thologie et de philosophie, Lausanne 103
(1970), 12-35 et 82-106. Cf. R. KASSER, Brves remarques sur les
caractristiques dialectales du Codex gnostique copte II de Nag'
Hammdi, in: Kmi 20 (1970), 49-55.
32
Y. JANSSENS, L'vangile selon Philippe, in: Muson 81 (1968),
79-133.
33
Franz ALTHEIM, and Ruth STIEHL, Die Araber in der alten Welt,
Fnfter Band, Zweiter Teil, Nachtrge, Das christliche Aks@m, mit
Beitrgen von Jos Maria Blzquez, L. I. Gumilew, W. E. James,
Eugne Lozovan, Frieder Mellinghoff, Heinrich Mertens, Peter Nagel,
Erika Trautmann-Nehring, Hans Wehr, Walter de Gruyter & Co.
(Berlin, 1969), 368-392.
34
P. NAGEL, Grammatische Untersuchungen zu Nag Hammadi Codex
II, in: F. Altheim and R. Stiehl, Die Araber in der alten Welt. Band
V, Teil II. Nachtrge - Das christliche Aks@m. Mit Beitrgen von J. M.
Blzquez, L. I. Gumilew, W. E. James, E. Lozovan, F. Mellinghoff,
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In 1970, Peter NAGEL published the Text, the German
translation,
35
and the retranslation into Greek
36
of the fourth
Tractate (The Hypostasis of the Archons) of Nag Hammadi
Codex II., which were followed by indices of Coptic words,
Greek words and proper names, and a very extensive Coptic-
Greek concordance. NAGEL has come to the conclusion that
this text goes back to a Greek original, of which he gives a
reconstruction.
37

In 1970, Roger Aubrey BULLARD published the Text
and English translation of the fourth Tractate of Nag
Hammadi Codex II, to which R. Krause has contributed an
introduction to the linguistic aspects of the text.
38
After
having summed up the linguistic and orthographic
peculiarities of the text, he comes to the conclusion that it is
predominantly Sahidic, with Akhmimic and Subakhmimic
influences. Text and translation
39
are followed by a
commentary,
40
the main purpose of which is to elucidate the
meaning of the writing in its immediate context. In his
conclusion
41
BULLARD advocates intensified research into
the question of the contribution made to Gnosticism by native
Egyptian lore. He follows his work with Indices of Coptic,

H. Mertens, P. Nagel, E. Trautmann-Nehring, H. Wehr, Walter de
Gruyter & Co. (Berlin, 1969), 393-469.
35
Peter NAGEL, Das Wesen der Archonten, aus Codex II der
gnostischen Bibliothek von Nag Hammadi. Koptischer Text, deutsche
bersetzung und griechische Rckbersetzung, Konkordanz und
Indizes, [Halle (Saale), 1970] = Wissenschaftliche Beitrge der
Martin-Luther-Universitt Halle-Wittenberg (1970/6), 30-69.
36
P. NAGEL, Das Wesen der Archonten, aus Codex II, 71-90.
37
Cf. Rodolphe Kasser, in: Rev. BiOr 28 (1972), 188-190.
38
R. A. BULLARD, The Hypostasis of the Archons. The Coptic text with
translation and commentary. With a contribution by Martin Krause,
Walter de Gruyter & Co. (Berlin, 1970), 4-17; cf. Rodolphe Kasser,
in: Rev. BiOr 29 (1972), 188-190; George MacRae, in: Journal of
Biblical Literature 90 (1971), 370-373; B. Couroyer, in: Revue
Biblique 78 (1971), 631-632.
39
R. A. BULLARD, The Hypostasis of the Archons (1970), 19-41.
40
R. A. BULLARD, The Hypostasis of the Archons (1970), 42-114.
41
R. A. BULLARD, The Hypostasis of the Archons (1970), 115-116.
.> _- =|,== | . . / ,=| _, ,,- =,-
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Greek and Hebrew words and of proper names,
42
and finally
with a big Bibliography.
43

But in 1972, Rodolphe KASSER continued his work
and published an article includes an introduction and a
French translation with notes of The Hypostasis of the
Archons (Hypostase des Archontes), of the fourth Tractate
of Nag' Hammadi Codex II.
44

Also in the same year (1972), Martin KRAUSE
published another article about the same Theme. He treats
that in codex II of Nag Hammadi writing passed on over the
nature of the Archons ( das Wesen der Archonten ). The
article contains two parts. In the first part, the deviations of
each other text readings and supplements, that there were
discussed in former editions of the text. In the second part, he
speaks shortly about the literary nature of the text.
45

Since the discovery of the Coptic Gnostic Library at
Nag' Hammadi, four versions of the Apocryphon of John
46

are known, which was published in 1963 by Sren
GIVERSEN. Besides the versions of Nag Hammadi Codex
II, III and IV, there is the version preserved in Papyrus
Berolinensis 8502 which was published in 1955 by Walter C.
TILL.
47
In 1970, Yvonne JANSSENS gives an analysis of a
number of problems concerning the Berolinensis version.
48

42
R. A. BULLARD, The Hypostasis of the Archons (1970), 117-123.
43
R. A. BULLARD, The Hypostasis of the Archons (1970), 124-132.
44
R. KASSER, Bibliothque gnostique X. L'Hypostase des Archontes,
in: Revue de thologie et de philosophie, Lausanne 105 (1972), 168-
202.
45
Martin KRAUSE, Zur "Hypostase der Archonten" in Codex II von
Nag Hammadi, in: Enchoria 2 (1972), 1-20.
46
See: Sren GIVERSEN, Apocryphon Johannis. The Coptic Text of the
Apocryphon Johannis in the Nag Hammadi Codex II with
Translation, Introduction and Commentary, = Acta Theologica
Danica edenda curaverunt Torben Christensen, Eduard Nielsen,
Johannes Munck, Regin Prenter, vol. V, Munksgaard (Copenhagen,
1963).
47
See: Walter C. TILL, Die gnostischen Schriften des koptischen
Papyrus Berolinensis 8502 herausgegeben, bersetzt und bearbeitet,
v ,=,' ,v -,_==, -,-
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In 1973, Universit de Paris IV published a summary
about a thesis of Michel TARDIEU in article titled (Adam,
Eros and the phoenix in the cosmology of the fifth treaty of
the II codex, discovered close to Nag Hammadi).
49
Then he
published his whole thesis in the next year (1974) under the
title Trois mythes gnostiques. Adam, ros et les animaux
d'gypte dans un crit de Nag Hammadi (II, 5)
50
which its
translation into English is (Three Gnostic Myths: Adam,
Eros and Animals of Egypt in a writing of Nag Hammadi II,
5). He studied the fifth tractate in Codex Nag Hammadi II,
called "Writing without Title". After an introduction
discussing the outer appearance, language, composition,
provenance, date and history of the interpretation of the
tractate the author (Michel TARDIEU) presents his own
interpretation and a full discussion of its contents.
51
At the
end, there are a translation of the 4th Hypostasis of the
Archons and the 5th tractates, then the multi-indexes on
pages 337-367, and a bibliography on pages 369-381.
In 1974, The Facsimile Edition of the Nag Hammadi
Codices. Codex II. was published under the Auspices of the
Department of Antiquities of the Arab Republic of Egypt in
Conjunction with the UNESCO.
52
It is continuation of this

in: Texte und Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der altchristlichen
Literatur... 60, Band-V, Reihe, Band 5, Akademie-Verlag (Berlin,
1955).
48
Yvonne JANSSENS, L'Apocryphon de Jean, in: Muson 83 (1970),
157-165.
49
Michel TARDIEU, Adam, Eros et le phnix dans la cosmologie du
cinquime trait du codex II, dcouvert prs de Nag Hammadi,
Annuaire. cole Pratique des Hautes tudes. Ve section-sciences
religieuses, Paris 80-81 (1971-1972 et 1972-1973), fase. 2, 141-142.
50
Michel TARDIEU, Trois mythes gnostiques. Adam, ros et les
animaux d'gypte dans un crit de Nag Hammadi (II, 5), tudes
Augustiniennes (Paris, 1974).
51
Cf. John Whittaker, in: Journal of Biblical Literature 95 (1976), 687-
688.
52
The Facsimile Edition of the Nag Hammadi Codices. Codex II.
Published under the Auspices of the Department of Antiquities of
the Arab Republic of Egypt in Conjunction with the United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, E. J. Brill
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series. Photographic publication here, is the most-treated
codex of the Coptic handwritings funds of Nag Hammadi
with a short foreword in Arabic and English. The different
numberings of the codex are quoted, just as the Head Edition
and first-translations of the single parts. These, in strong Sub-
Akhmimic coloured Sahidic written, comprises in the single:
- (1-32,9) Apocryphon of John (Apokryphen des Johannes),
- (32,10-51,28) Gospel of Thomas (Thomas-Evangelium),
- (51,29-86,19) Gospel of Philip (Philippos-Evangelium),
- (86,20-97,23) Hypostases of the Archon (Hypostase der Archonten),
- (97,24-127,17) and (127,18-137,27) title-loose Gnostic Writings
(titellose gnostische Schriften),
- (138,1-145,19) Book of the athlete Thomas _\,_\! \=. _\.: (Buch
des Athleten Thomas),
- (145,20-23) is the invitation of the writer to remember him in the
prayer, with the blessing.
In the same year (1974), Peter NAGEL compared a
number of quotations from the Old Testament occurring in
the "Exegesis about the Soul" ,=. _\ = in Nag'
Hammadi Codex II with the versions in Sahidic and
Akhmimic translations of the Septuaginta. P. NAGEL
reaches the conclusion that the quotations have been
translated directly from the Greek text of the Exegesis,
independently from the Coptic LXX-versions. They provide
valuable material for the study of the early Coptic translation
practice.
53

(Leiden, 1974). (24 x 33 cm.; XIX p., 160 pl.). See: H. Quecke, in: Biblica
56 (1975), 257-259; Robert Haardt, in: BiOr 32 (1975), 370-372;
Jean Bingen, in: CdE XLIX, No. 98 (1974), 418; Robert Haardt, in:
WZKM 67 (1975), 253-256.
53
Peter NAGEL, Die Septuaginta-Zitate in der koptisch-gnostischen
"Exegese ber die Seele" (Nag Hammadi Codex II), in: Archiv fr
Papyrusforschung und verwandte Gebiete, Leipzig 22-23 (1974),
249-269.
v ,=,' ,v -,_==, -,-
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Nag-Hammadi Codices III and IV,
The Coptic Gnostic Library:
The Gospel of the Egyptians (the Holy Book of the
Great Invisible Spirit):
,,_=\! ,.} ) \! -=,=\! __\\ _.s=\! _\.:\! ,> - (
The Dialogue of the Savior:
_!> =\! _\> ) .,=>. _= (
In 1975, Alexander BHLIG, and Frederik WISSE in
cooperation with Pahor LABIB, published Nag Hammadi
Codices III, 2 and IV, 2: The Gospel of the Egyptians (the
Holy Book of the Great Invisible Spirit), under the Auspices
of the German Archaeological Institute. They edited the
codex III and IV with Translation and Commentary.
54
After
a foreword by James M. Robinson, the general editor of the
Coptic Gnostic Library, about the project and a preface by the
authors (BHLIG, WISSE, and LABIB), The first chapter
contains a description of the two manuscripts (for the
Facsimile Edition of codex IV, see below; that of codex III
has appeared in 1976), their writing, corrections and scribal
errors, and the differences between both versions which are
independent translations of the same Greek text. The second
chapter deals with the title of the tractate, chapter 3 with its
contents, and chapter 4 with the presentations of praise and
prayers which play an important role in the development of
the narrative. The main part of the book
55
contains the text,
corresponding lines of the manuscripts on opposite pages,

54
A. BHLIG, and F. WISSE in cooperation with P. LABIB, Nag
Hammadi Codices III, 2 and IV, 2. The Gospel of the Egyptians (the
Holy Book of the Great Invisible Spirit). Edited with Translation and
Commentary. Published under the Auspices of the German
Archaeological Institute, = The Coptic Gnostic Library. Nag
Hammadi Studies 4, E. J. Brill (Leiden, 1975). (15.7 x 25 cm; XIV + 234
p.). See: Y. Janssens, in: Muson 88 (1975), 244-246; Gerd Mink,
in: ZDMG 127 (1977), 197.
55
A. BHLIG, F. WISSE, P. LABIB, Nag Hammadi Codices III, 2 and
IV, 2. The Gospel of the Egyptians, 51-167.
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www.nureldin.com - -
with a translation under each passage. There follows a
commentary,
56
and then the Indices.
57

In the same year (1975), The Facsimile Edition of the
Nag Hammadi Codices. Codex IV. was published under the
Auspices of the Department of Antiquities of the Arab
Republic of Egypt in Conjunction with the UNESCO.
58
It
was sequel to Codex II. The preface in Arabic and English,
by James M. Robinson, relates the history of the fragmentary
codex since its discovery, with bibliographical references.
The first tractate has been published by Krause and Labib,
the second by Bhlig and Wisse. There follows a description
of its cover and the outer appearance of the codex. The plates
represent the cover and all pages, including 105 unidentified
fragments.
But in the next year (1976), The Facsimile Edition of
the Nag Hammadi Codices. Codex III. was published under
the Auspices of the Department of Antiquities of the Arab
Republic of Egypt in Conjunction with the UNESCO.
59
It is
a sequel to the publication of Codex V. In the Preface, in
Arabic and English, James M. Robinson relates the find and
recent history of the codex. It contains five tractates, two of
which already published: III, 1 by Krause and Labib,
60
III,

56
A. BHLIG, F. WISSE, P. LABIB, Nag Hammadi Codices III, 2 and
IV, 2. The Gospel of the Egyptians, 168-210.
57
A. BHLIG, F. WISSE, P. LABIB, Nag Hammadi Codices III, 2 and
IV, 2. The Gospel of the Egyptians, 211-234.
58
The Facsimile Edition of the Nag Hammadi Codices. Codex IV.
Published under the Auspices of the Department of Antiquities of
the Arab Republic of Egypt in Conjunction with the United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, E. J. Brill,
(Leiden, 1975). (24 x 33 cm; XVI p., 96 pl.).
59
The Facsimile Edition of the Nag Hammadi Codices. Codex III.
Published under the Auspices of the Department of Antiquities of
the Arab Republic of Egypt in Conjunction with the United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, E. J. Brill,
(Leiden, 1976). (24 x 33 cm; XX pl., 144 pl.).
60
Martin KRAUSE, und Pahor LABIB, Die drei Versionen des
Apokryphon des Johannes im koptischen Museum zu Alt-Kairo, =
Abhandlungen des Deutschen Archologischen Instituts Kairo,
Koptische Reihe 1, Otto Harrassowitz (Wiesbaden, 1962).
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2 by Bhlig and Wisse.
61
III, 3 and 4 have been used in 1955
by Till.
62
Cover and outer appearance of the 147 pages are
extensively discussed, while the plates bear photographs of
them. An empty fragment and a few small bits on pls. 142-
144.
In 1980, Stephen EMMEL published a fragment from
Nag Hammadi Codex III, which became at an unknown
moment separated from the Codex and is now preserved in
the Beinecke Library at Yale University (Yale Inv. No.
1784). The text, which contributes to NHC III,5, The
Dialogue of the Saviour (NHC III 145:1-24 and 146:1-24) is
presented in transcription with notes and translation.
63

But in 1984, Stephen EMMEL published the Nag
Hammadi Codex III,5. which is titled The Dialogue of the
Savior = `=\ _`\= , under the Auspices of the Institute for
Antiquity and Christianity. Thee contributors Stephen
Emmel, Helmut Koester, and Elaine Pagels, edited the text
with English Translation, Introduction and Notes. In the
introduction, H. Koester and E. Pagels give a survey of the
contents of the text. It is a Dialogue between the Saviour and
his Disciples = _,, `=\ _`\= .,=>. , of which some passages
can be traced back to other traditions: there are fragments of a
Creation Myth based on Genesis 1-2 (_,>.\), and of an
Apocalyptic Vision (-\=.= -==`.), as well as a Cosmological
Wisdom List. The composition of the text is dated to the

61
Alexander BHLIG, and Frederik WISSE in cooperation with Pahor
LABIB, Nag Hammadi Codices III, 2 and IV, 2. The Gospel of the
Egyptians (the Holy Book of the Great Invisible Spirit). Edited with
Translation and Commentary. Published under the Auspices of the
German Archaeological Institute, The Coptic Gnostic Library. Nag
Hammadi Studies 4, E. J. Brill (Leiden, 1975). (15.7x25 cm; XIV+234p.).
62
Walter C. TILL, Die gnostischen Schriften des koptischen Papyrus
Berolinensis 8502 herausgegeben, bersetzt und bearbeitet, in:
Texte und Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der altchristlichen
Literatur... 60, Band-V, Reihe, Band 5, Akademie-Verlag (Berlin,
1955). (16 x 24 cm; XIV + 328 p., pl.)
63
Stephen EMMEL, A Fragment of Nag Hammadi Codex III in the
Beinecke Library: Yale Inv. 1784, in: Bulletin of the American
Society of Papyrologists, Chico CA 17 (1980), 53-60.
.> _- =|,== | . . / ,=| _, ,,- =,-
www.nureldin.com - > -
early second century. In the next chapter, S. Emmel
describes the manuscript and gives an account of
orthography, grammar and other characteristics of this
Sahidic text. There follow the publication and translation, on
juxtaposed pages (-\,'=\ .'==\). At the end, indexes to
Coptic and Greek words, proper names, and grammatical
elements.
64

64
Stephen EMMEL, Nag Hammadi Codex III,5. The Dialogue of the
Savior. Contributors Stephen Emmel, Helmut Koester, Elaine
Pagels, = The Coptic Gnostic Library. Edited with English
Translation, Introduction and Notes published under the Auspices of
the Institute for Antiquity and Christianity = Nag Hammadi Studies,
26, E. J. Brill, (Leiden, 1984). (16 x 24 cm; XV, 127 p.). See: Hans-
Martin Schenke, in: Enchoria 14 (1986), 175-187.
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Nag-Hammadi Codex V,
The Apocalypse of Adam:
The Apocalypses of James:
65

The Martyrdom of Jacobs:
The Apocalypse of Paul:

In 1967 Rodolphe KASSER presented a translation of
the Apocalypse of Adam ,. ', (codex V of the Nag
Hammadi Manuscripts).
66
Sequel to this study, he translated
in 1968 the two apocalypses of James ,=, '., (Codex V of
the Nag Hammadi Manuscripts).
67

In 1968, Hans-Martin SCHENKE
68
disputes the
suggestions of Alexander Bhlig
69
and Rodolphe Kasser
70

about Codex V of the Nag-Hammadi papyri (pp. 46/47) and
gives his own emendation and translation.
In the same year (1968), Alexander BHLIG in his
article titled Zum Martyrium des Jakobus (about the

65
Saint, known as the Great James ,,>\ ,=, , died A.D. 44. He was
the son of Zebedee _., _, and brother of John _., _, '.=, ='. He
was also one of the 12 Apostles, preached in Spain and was martyred
.,=.= on his return to Judea.
66
Rodolphe KASSER, Bibliothque gnostique V. Apocalypse d'Adam,
in : Revue de thologie et de philosophie, Lausanne, 3
me
srie, 17
(1967), 316-333.
67
R. KASSER, Bibliothque gnostique VI. Les deux apocalypses de
Jacques, in: Revue de thologie et de philosophie, Lausanne, 3
me

srie, 18 (Bridel, 1968), 163-186.
68
H.-M. SCHENKE, Exegetische Probleme der koptischen Literatur der
zweiten Jakobusapokalypse in Nag-Hammadi-Codex V, = Probleme
der koptischen Literatur 109-114, Wissenschaftliche Beitrge der
Martin-Luther-Universitt Halle-Wittenberg (1968).
69
A. Bhlig & P. Labib, Koptisch-gnostische Apokalypsen aus Codex V
von Nag-Hammadi im Koptischen Museum zu Alt-Kairo, Wiss. Z.
Halle (1963) Sonderband
70
R. Kasser, in: Museon 78 [1965], 85-91; 302-304.
.> _- =|,== | . . / ,=| _, ,,- =,-
www.nureldin.com - L -
Martyrdom of Jacobs ,=, .',=.=), he gave an emendation
and translation of Nag-Hammadi Codex V: 62, 16 - 63, 29.
71

In 1969, Rodolphe KASSER made an introduction and
translation with its notes of the Apocalypse of Paul,
preserved in Codex V of Nag' Hammadi.
72

In 1975, The Facsimile Edition of the Nag Hammadi
Codices. Codex V. was published under the Auspices of the
Department of Antiquities of the Arab Republic of Egypt in
Conjunction with the UNESCO. It was a sequel to the
publication of Codex V. Once more the Preface by James M.
Robinson, in Arabic and English, relates the recent history of
the codex, with bibliographical references,
73
mentioning the
principle edition by Bhlig and Labib.
74
It also gives a
description of the cover and the text, while the plates bear
photographs of them, including 72 very small fragments.
75

71
A. BHLIG, Mysterion und Wahrheit. Gesammelte Beitrge zur
sptantiken Religionsgeschichte, Arbeiten zur Geschichte des spteren
Judentums und des Urchristentums 6 (Leiden, 1968), 112-118.
72
R. KASSER, Bibliothque gnostique VII. L'Apocalypse de Paul, in:
Revue de thologie et de Philosophie, Lausanne 102 (1969), 259-263.
73
The Facsimile Edition of the Nag Hammadi Codices. Codex V. was
published under the Auspices of the Department of Antiquities of
the Arab Republic of Egypt in Conjunction with the United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, E. J. Brill
(Leiden, 1975). (24 x 33 cm; XVI p., 100 pl.).
74
Alexander Bhlig und Pahor Labib (Herausgegeben, bersetzt und
bearbeitet), Koptisch-gnostische Apokalypsen aus Codex V von Nag
Hammadi im Koptischen Museum zu Alt-Kairo, Wissenschaftliche
Zeitschrift der Martin-Luther Universitt Halle-Wittenberg (1963),
Sonderband. (21.2 x 29.7 cm; 138 p., 1 pl.).
75
See: Robert Haardt, in: WZKM 68 (1976), 187-189.
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Nag-Hammadi Codex VI,
The Apocalypse of Asclepius:
(The Hermetica):

In 1969, M. KRAUSE discusses the question whether
the origin of Hermetism is Egyptian, as Stricker has argued,
though it is clear that Greek influences are incorporated. He
deals with the Coptic version of the Apocalypse of
Asclepius (Codex Nag Hammadi VI, 70, 2 - 74, 17) and
points at several ideas derived from Egyptian literature. The
Latin version however shows variants in which the vestiges
of the Egyptian background have been removed.
76

In 1972, under the Auspices of the Department of
Antiquities of the Arab Republic of Egypt in Conjunction with
the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO), The Facsimile Edition of the Nag
Hammadi Codices. Codex VI+Introduction was published.
77

Introduction: was a brochure == .'=, written by the
hand of James M. Robinson, meant for the entire series,
discusses the discovery of the library, the history of its
publication, and the contents of the facsimile edition. Added
are inventories of the library.
Codex VI begins with a preface by the same author
(James M. Robichon), both in Arabic and English. The
contents of the text have been studied by Martin Krause and

76
M. KRAUSE, gyptisches Gedankengut in der Apokalypse des
Asclepius, in: XVII. Deutscher Orientalistentag. Teil 1, Franz
Steiner Verlag GMBH = Supplementa. Zeitschrift der Deutschen
Morgenlndischen Gesellschaft 1 (Wiesbaden, 1969), 48-57.
77
The Facsimile Edition of the Nag Hammadi Codices. Codex VI+
Introduction, Published under the Auspices of the Department of
Antiquities of the Arab Republic of Egypt in Conjunction with the
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, E.
J. Brill, (Leiden, 1972). See: R. Haardt, in: BiOr 30 (1973), 428-
430; Hans-Martin Schenke, in: OLZ 69 (1974), 229-243; Tito
Orlandi, in: Rivista 47 (1972), 47-48.
.> _- =|,== | . . / ,=| _, ,,- =,-
www.nureldin.com - P -
Pahor Labib.
78
The plates present pictures of the outside of
the cover (p. 1-2), of the codex as it was, opened at the
centre, before the cutting of the sheets (pl. 3), and of all 78
pages in the original size as well as of some small fragments.
In 1974, Hans-Martin SCHENKE write a review
article of the last publication with translations of several
passages.
79

In 1978, Jean-Pierre MAH published a book,
80
its
main part, chapter 1, is devoted to the sixth treatise of Codex
Nag Hammadi VI, which comprises p. VI, 52-63. In the
introduction the author (MAH) discusses the Egyptian
influences and then presents the Coptic text and the
translation on opposite pages, followed by the commentary.
The seventh treatise, a prayer contained in Codex Nag
Hammadi VI, 63,33-65,7 is presented in chapter 2, having the
translation and Coptic text on one page and the Greek and
Latin versions on the opposite. Section I,2 of the general
introduction contains short remarks on Thoth-Hermes-
Trismegistos, while in section III,2 the links of the
Hermetica with Egyptian mythology and Greek philosophy
are discussed.

78
M. KRAUSE, und P. LABIB, Gnostische und hermetische Schriften
aus Codex II und Codex VI, = Abhandlungen des DAIK. Koptische
Reihe 2, Verlag J. J. Augustin (Glckstadt, 1971).
79
Hans-Martin, SCHENKE, Zur Faksimile-Ausgabe der Nag-
Hammadi-Schriften. Nag-Hammadi-Codex VI, in: OLZ 69 (1974),
229-243.
80
Jean-Pierre MAH, Herms en Haute-gypte. Les textes hermtiques
de Nag Hammadi et leur parallles grecs et latins. Tome 1, Les
Presses de l'Universit Laval =Bibliothque copte de Nag Hammadi,
Section: textes, 3 (Qubec, 1978). (15.2 x 24.3 cm; XIX + 171 p.).
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Nag-Hammadi Codex VII,
Parts of Genesis

In 1972, sequel to the above mentioned Codex VI
Book, also under the Auspices of the Department of
Antiquities of the Arab Republic of Egypt in Conjunction with
the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO), The Facsimile Edition of the Nag
Hammadi Codices. Codex VII was published.
81

The introduction was written also by James M.
Robinson, in both Arabic and English, presents general
information concerning the codex, and mentions earlier
studies. The plates reproduce the outside and inside of the
cover and all 127 p., in the original size.
Also in 1972, there was the Publication of three Coptic
fragments recovered from the cartonnage of Nag Hammadi
Codex VII. They contain Gen. 32: 5-21 and 42: 27-38, and
apparently belong to a codex of unusual age. It seems to have
comprised the second half of the Book of Genesis, and
predates the year AD 345 perhaps by as much as half a
century.
82

In 1973, Franz ALTHEIM, and Ruth STIEHL
published a book titled The Christianity on the Red Sea
with contributions from Johannes Irmscher, Martin Krause,
Rudolph Macuch, Heinz Pohl and Zuhair Shunnar.
83
The
first "book" of this volume, called "New Texts", contains a

81
The Facsimile Edition of the Nag Hammadi Codices. Codex VII,
Published under the Auspices of the Department of Antiquities of
the Arab Republic of Egypt in Conjunction with the United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, E. J. Brill,
(Leiden, 1972). See: R. Haardt, in: WZKM 65/66 (1973/74), 237-
241.
82
R. KASSER, Fragments du livre biblique de la Gense cachs dans la
reliure d'un codex gnostique, in: Muson 85 (1972), 65-89 (1 fig.).
83
F. ALTHEIM, & R. STIEHL, Christentum am Roten Meer. Zweiter
Band. Mit Beitrgen von J. Irmscher, M. Krause, R. Macuch, H.
Pohl and Z. Shunnar, Walter de Gruyter (Berlin-New York, 1973).
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transcription and translation, though without any
commentary, of chapters 1-3 and 5 of the Nag' Hammadi
Codex VII:
- The first two chapters, "Die Paraphrase des Sem"
84

(The paraphrase of _. -=',= .'=; the Sem) and "Der zweite
Logos des grossen Seth"
85
(The Second Word of the Great
Seth -=\>\ - -`>=\ -,.'.\ ,,==\\ .= ), are by Martin Krause.
- Chapter 3, "Die Petrusapokalypse"
86
(The
Apocalypse of Peter _=, ',) and Chapter 5, "Die drei
Stelen des Seth"
87
(The three States of Seth _'=' .=
-.>.\), by Martin Krause and Viktor Girgis.
- The fourth chapter of the codex "Die Lehren des
Silvanus" (The teachings of the Silvanus _.'\,= ,,\'=.) is not
translated here.
- Indexes to the four chapters (1, 2, 3, and 5) of the
Nag' Hammadi Codex VII).
88

84
F. ALTHEIM, & R. STIEHL, Christentum am Roten Meer II, 2-105.
85
F. ALTHEIM, R. STIEHL, Christentum am Roten Meer II, 106-151.
86
F. ALTHEIM, R. STIEHL, Christentum am Roten Meer II, 152-179.
87
F. ALTHEIM, R. STIEHL, Christentum am Roten Meer II, 180-199.
88
F. ALTHEIM, R. STIEHL, Christentum am Roten Meer II, 200-229.
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Nag-Hammadi Codices XI, XII and XIII,
Sequel to the two above mentioned publications in
1972,
89
The Facsimile Edition of the Nag Hammadi
Codices. Codices XI, XII and XIII was published in 1973
under the Auspices of the Department of Antiquities of the
Arab Republic of Egypt in Conjunction with the UNESCO.
The preface in Arabic and English by James M.
Robinson presents general information concerning the
codices. The plates reproduce the cover of codex XI and its
(partly very fragmentary) pages, the latter in a reconstructed
pagination; the pages of Codex XII in their probable order, as
well as those of Codex XIII. Addenda and Corrigenda to the
plates on p. XVIII.
90

89
The Facsimile Edition of the Nag Hammadi Codices. Codex VI+
Introduction, and The Facsimile Edition of the Nag Hammadi
Codices. Codex VII, Published under the Auspices of the
Department of Antiquities of the Arab Republic of Egypt in
Conjunction with the United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization, E. J. Brill, (Leiden, 1972).
90
The Facsimile Edition of the Nag Hammadi Codices. Codices XI, XII
and XIII. Published under the Auspices of the Department of
Antiquities of the Arab Republic of Egypt in Conjunction with the
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, E.
J. Brill (Leiden, 1973). See: Tito Orlandi, in: Rivista 49 (1975),
138-142.
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Bibliography of
Naga Hammadi Codex
(Nag Hammadi Codex)
- In historical sequence (from 1954-1972):

H.-Ch. PUECH, et G. QUISPEL, Les crits gnostiques du Codex Jung,
in: Vigiliae Christianae, Amsterdam 8 (1954), 1-51.
Walter C. TILL, Die gnostischen Schriften des koptischen Papyrus
Berolinensis 8502 herausgegeben, bersetzt und
bearbeitet, in: Texte und Untersuchungen zur
Geschichte der altchristlichen Literatur... 60, Band-
V, Reihe, Band 5, Akademie-Verlag (Berlin, 1955).
(16 x 24 cm; XIV + 328 p., pl.)
Alexander BHLIG, und Pahor LABIB, Die koptisch-gnostische Schrift
ohne Titel aus Codex II von Nag Hammadi im
Koptischen Museum zu Alt-Kairo, Herausgegeben,
bersetzt und bearbeitet, = Deutsche Akademie der
Wissenschaften zu Berlin. Institut fr
Orientforschung. Verffentlichung Nr. 58, Akademie
-Verlag (Berlin, 1962). (20.7 x 29.6 cm; 132 p., 2 fig., 1 pl.).
Martin KRAUSE, Der koptische Handschriftenfund bei Nag Hammadi.
Umfang und Inhalt, in: MDAIK 18 (1962), 121-132.
Martin KRAUSE, und Pahor LABIB, Die drei Versionen des
Apokryphon des Johannes im koptischen Museum zu
Alt-Kairo, = Abhandlungen des Deutschen
Archologischen Instituts Kairo, Koptische Reihe,
Band 1, Otto Harrassowitz (Wiesbaden, 1962). (21.9
x 30.7 cm; VIII + 307 p., 32 pl.).
Sren GIVERSEN, Apocryphon Johannis. The Coptic Text of the
Apocryphon Johannis in the Nag Hammadi Codex II
with Translation, Introduction and Commentary, =
Acta Theologica Danica edenda curaverunt Torben
Christensen, Eduard Nielsen, Johannes Munck,
Regin Prenter, vol. V, Munksgaard (Copenhagen,
1963). (17.1 x 25.5 cm; 296 p., with summary in Danish, p. 285-
289).
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Alexander Bhlig und Pahor Labib (Herausgegeben, bersetzt und
bearbeitet), Koptisch-gnostische Apokalypsen aus
Codex V von Nag Hammadi im Koptischen Museum
zu Alt-Kairo, Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der
Martin-Luther Universitt Halle-Wittenberg (1963),
Sonderband. (21.2 x 29.7 cm; 138 p., 1 pl.).
Jean DORESSE, "Le livre sacr du grand Esprit invisible" ou
"l'vangile des gyptiens". Texte Copte dit,
traduit et comment, d'aprs le Codex I de Nag'a-
Hammadi/Khnoboskion, in: Journal Asiatique,
Paris 254 (1966), 317-435 (3 pl.).
Rodolphe KASSER, Un nouveau prfixe verbal copte?, in: Le Muson:
revue d'tudes orientales-Louvain 80 (1967), 427-
429.
Jacques-. MNARD, L'vangile selon Philippe. Introduction, Texte-
Traduction, Commentaire, at head of title:
Universit de Strasbourg, facult de thologie
catholique ([Strasbourg], 1967). (16 x 24.4 cm; 315 p.).
Rodolphe KASSER, Bibliothque gnostique V. Apocalypse d'Adam,
in : Revue de thologie et de philosophie, Lausanne,
3
me
srie, 17 (1967), 316-333.
Alexander BHLIG, Mysterion und Wahrheit. Gesammelte Beitrge zur
sptantiken Religionsgeschichte, = Arbeiten zur
Geschichte des spteren Judentums und des
Urchristentums 6, E. J. Brill (Leiden, 1968). (16.5 x
24.3 cm; XII + 266 p.)
Jean DORESSE, "Le livre sacr du grand Esprit invisible" ou
"l'vangile des gyptiens". Texte Copte dit,
traduit et comment, d'aprs le Codex I de Nag'a-
Hammadi/Khnoboskion, in : Journal Asiatique,
Paris 256 (1968), 289-386.
Yvonne JANSSENS, L'vangile selon Philippe, in: Muson 81 (1968),
79-133.
Rodolphe KASSER, Bibliothque gnostique VI. Les deux apocalypses
de Jacques, in: Revue de thologie et de
philosophie, Lausanne, 3
me
srie, 18 (Bridel, 1968),
163-186.
Rodolphe KASSER, L'vangile selon Philippe. Propositions pour
quelques reconstitutions nouvelles, in : Muson 81
(1968), 407-414.
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Hans-Martin SCHENKE, Exegetische Probleme der koptischen Literatur
der zweiten Jakobusapokalypse in Nag-Hammadi-
Codex V, = Probleme der koptischen Literatur 109-
114, Wissenschaftliche Beitrge der Martin-Luther-
Universitt Halle-Wittenberg (1968).
Franz ALTHEIM, and Ruth STIEHL, Die Araber in der alten Welt.
Fnfter Band. Zweiter Teil. Nachtrge - Das
christliche Aks@m. Mit Beitrgen von Jos Maria
Blzquez, L. I. Gumilew, W. E. James, Eugne
Lozovan, Frieder Mellinghoff, Heinrich Mertens,
Peter Nagel, Erika Trautmann-Nehring, Hans Wehr,
Walter de Gruyter & Co. (Berlin, 1969). (15.5 x 22.5
cm.; 666 p., 85 pl.). Chapter 18
th
: 368-392.
Rodolphe KASSER, Bibliothque gnostique VII. L'Apocalypse de Paul,
in: Revue de thologie et de Philosophie, Lausanne
102 (1969), 259-263.
Rodolphe KASSER, Les subdivisions du Tractatus Tripartitus (Codex
Jung, p. 51-140), in: Muson 82 (1969), 101-121.
M. KRAUSE, gyptisches Gedankengut in der Apokalypse des
Asclepius, in: XVII. Deutscher Orientalistentag
vom 21. bis 27. Juli 1968 in Wrzburg Vortrge.
Herausgegeben von Wolfgang Voigt. Teil 1, Franz
Steiner Verlag GMBH = Supplementa. Zeitschrift
der Deutschen Morgenlndischen Gesellschaft 1
(Wiesbaden, 1969), 48-57. (14.5 x 22.5 cm; XLIII, 364 p.,
plan, map, table incl. folding, fig., pl.).
Peter NAGEL, Grammatische Untersuchungen zu Nag Hammadi Codex
II, in: Franz Altheim and Ruth Stiehl, Die Araber in
der alten Welt. Fnfter Band, Zweiter Teil.
Nachtrge - Das christliche Aks@m. Mit Beitrgen
von Jos Maria Blzquez, L. I. Gumilew, W. E.
James, Eugne Lozovan, Frieder Mellinghoff,
Heinrich Mertens, Peter Nagel, Erika Trautmann-
Nehring, Hans Wehr, Walter de Gruyter & Co.
(Berlin, 1969), 393-469.
Roger Aubrey BULLARD, The Hypostasis of the Archons. The Coptic
text with translation and commentary. With a
contribution by Martin Krause, = Patristische Texte
und Studien im Auftrag der Patristischen
Kommission der Akademien der Wissenschaften zu
Gttingen-Heidelberg-Mnchen und der Akademie
der Wissenschaften und der Literatur zu Mainz
herausgegeben von K. Aland und W. Schneemelcher,
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Band 10, Walter de Gruyter & Co. (Berlin, 1970)
(16 x 23.5 cm; XII + 132 p.).
Peter NAGEL, Das Wesen der Archonten, aus Codex II der gnostischen
Bibliothek von Nag Hammadi. Koptischer Text,
deutsche bersetzung und griechische
Rckbersetzung, Konkordanz und Indizes, [Halle
(Saale), 1970] = Wissenschaftliche Beitrge der
Martin-Luther-Universitt Halle-Wittenberg (1970/
6). (14.7 x 20.6 cm; 192 p.) (K 3).
Yvonne JANSSENS, L'Apocryphon de Jean, in: Muson 83 (1970),
157-165.
Rodolphe KASSER, Bibliothque gnostique VIII [et] IX. L'vangile
selon Philippe, in: Revue de thologie et de
philosophie, Lausanne 103 (1970), 12-35 et 82-106.
Rodolphe KASSER, Brves remarques sur les caractristiques
dialectales du Codex gnostique copte II de Nag'
Hammdi, in: Kmi 20 (1970), 49-55.
James M. ROBINSON, The Discovery of the Nag Hammadi Codices,
Biblical Archaeologist, Cambridge, MA 42 (1979),
206-224, 16 ill. (1 in colour), 1 map, 1 fig.
Martin KRAUSE, und Pahor LABIB, Gnostische und hermetische
Schriften aus Codex II und Codex VI, =
Abhandlungen des Deutschen Archologischen
Instituts Kairo. Koptische Reihe 2, Verlag J. J.
Augustin (Glckstadt, 1971). (21 x 29.5 cm; XV + 239 p.,
32 pl.)
The Facsimile Edition of the Nag Hammadi Codices. Codex VI+
Introduction, Published under the Auspices of the
Department of Antiquities of the Arab Republic of
Egypt in Conjunction with the United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, E.
J. Brill, (Leiden, 1972) ([Codex VI]: 24 x 33 cm; XII p., 84
pl.; [Introduction]: 23 x 31 cm; II + 19 p., loose).
The Facsimile Edition of the Nag Hammadi Codices. Codex VII.
Published under the Auspices of the Department of
Antiquities of the Arab Republic of Egypt in
Conjunction with the United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization, E. J. Brill,
(Leiden, 1972). (24 x 33 cm; XIV p., 136 pl.).
Rodolphe KASSER, Bibliothque gnostique X. L'Hypostase des
Archontes, in: Revue de thologie et de philosophie,
Lausanne 105 (1972), 168-202.
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R. KASSER, Fragments du livre biblique de la Gense cachs dans la
reliure d'un codex gnostique, in: Muson 85 (1972),
65-89 (1 fig.).
Martin KRAUSE, Zur "Hypostase der Archonten" in Codex II von Nag
Hammadi, in: Enchoria 2 (1972), 1-20.
Franz ALTHEIM, und Ruth STIEHL, Christentum am Roten Meer.
Zweiter Band. Mit Beitrgen von Johannes
Irmscher, Martin Krause, Rudolph Macuch, Heinz
Pohl and Zuhair Shunnar, Walter de Gruyter
(Berlin-New York, 1973). (15 x 22.5 cm; [VIII +] 416 p.,
46 ill.).
The Facsimile Edition of the Nag Hammadi Codices. Codices XI, XII
and XIII. Published under the Auspices of the
Department of Antiquities of the Arab Republic of
Egypt in Conjunction with the United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, E.
J. Brill (Leiden, 1973). (24 x 33 cm; XVIII p., 120
pl.).
Rodolphe KASSER, Michel MALININE, Henri-Charles PUECH, Gilles
QUISPEL, Jan ZANDEE, adiuuantibus Werner
VYCICHL, R. McL. WILSON, Tractatus
Tripartitus. Pars I. De Supernis. Codex Jung F.
XXVIr - F. LIIv (p. 51-104), Francke Verlag (Bern,
1973). (21 x 31.5 cm; 390 p., 54 pl.);
Michel TARDIEU, Adam, Eros et le phnix dans la cosmologie du
cinquime trait du codex II, dcouvert prs de Nag
Hammadi, Annuaire. cole Pratique des Hautes
tudes. Ve section-sciences religieuses, Paris 80-81
(1971-1972 et 1972-1973), fase. 2, 141-142.
The Facsimile Edition of the Nag Hammadi Codices. Codex II.
Published under the Auspices of the Department of
Antiquities of the Arab Republic of Egypt in
Conjunction with the United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization, E. J. Brill
(Leiden, 1974). (24 x 33 cm.; XIX p., 160 pl.).
Peter NAGEL, Die Septuaginta-Zitate in der koptisch-gnostischen
"Exegese ber die Seele" (Nag Hammadi Codex II),
in: Archiv fr Papyrusforschung und verwandte
Gebiete, Leipzig 22-23 (1974), 249-269.

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Hans-Martin, SCHENKE, Zur Faksimile-Ausgabe der Nag-Hammadi-
Schriften. Nag-Hammadi-Codex VI, in: OLZ 69
(1974), 229-243.
Michel TARDIEU, Trois mythes gnostiques. Adam, ros et les animaux
d'gypte dans un crit de Nag Hammadi (II, 5),
tudes Augustiniennes (Paris, 1974). (16 x 25 cm; 387
p.)

Alexander BHLIG, and Frederik WISSE in cooperation with Pahor
LABIB, Nag Hammadi Codices III, 2 and IV, 2. The
Gospel of the Egyptians (the Holy Book of the Great
Invisible Spirit). Edited with Translation and
Commentary. Published under the Auspices of the
German Archaeological Institute, = The Coptic
Gnostic Library. Nag Hammadi Studies, 4, E. J. Brill
(Leiden, 1975). (15.7 x 25 cm; XIV + 234 p.)
Rodolphe KASSER, Michel MALININE, Henri-Charles PUECH, Gilles
QUISPEL, Jan ZANDEE, adiuvantibus Werner
VYCICHL, R. Mcl. WILSON, Tractatus
Tripartitus. Pars II. De Creatione Hominis. Pars III.
De Generibus Tribus. Codex Jung F. LIIV- F. LXXV
(p. 104-140), Francke Verlag (Bern, 1975). (21 x 31.5
cm; 348 p., 41 pl.).
The Facsimile Edition of the Nag Hammadi Codices. Codex IV.
Published under the Auspices of the Department of
Antiquities of the Arab Republic of Egypt in
Conjunction with the United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization, E. J. Brill,
(Leiden, 1975). (24 x 33 cm; XVI p., 96 pl.).
The Facsimile Edition of the Nag Hammadi Codices. Codex V. was
published under the Auspices of the Department of
Antiquities of the Arab Republic of Egypt in
Conjunction with the United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization, E. J. Brill
(Leiden, 1975). (24 x 33 cm; XVI p., 100 pl.).
The Facsimile Edition of the Nag Hammadi Codices. Codex III.
Published under the Auspices of the Department of
Antiquities of the Arab Republic of Egypt in
Conjunction with the United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization, E. J. Brill,
(Leiden, 1976). (24 x 33 cm; XX pl., 144 pl.).
Jean-Pierre MAH, Herms en Haute-gypte. Les textes hermtiques de
Nag Hammadi et leur parallles grecs et latins.
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Tome 1, Les Presses de l'Universit Laval =
Bibliothque copte de Nag Hammadi, Section:
textes, 3 (Qubec, 1978). (15.2 x 24.3 cm; XIX +
171 p.).

Frederik WISSE, Language Mysticism in the Nag Hammadi Texts and
in early Coptic Monasticism I: Cryptography, in:
Enchoria 9 (1979), 101-120.

Stephen EMMEL, A Fragment of Nag Hammadi Codex III in the
Beinecke Library: Yale Inv. 1784, in: Bulletin of
the American Society of Papyrologists, Chico CA 17
(1980), 53-60.
Stephen EMMEL, Nag Hammadi Codex III,5. The Dialogue of the
Savior. Contributors Stephen Emmel, Helmut
Koester, Elaine Pagels, = The Coptic Gnostic
Library. Edited with English Translation,
Introduction and Notes published under the
Auspices of the Institute for Antiquity and
Christianity = Nag Hammadi Studies, 26, E. J. Brill,
(Leiden, 1984). (16 x 24 cm; XV, 127 p.).