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ASEN 3113 Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer

Homework #5
Assigned: October 26, 2006
Due: November 2, 2006 (class time)
(Total points noted in each section; must clearly show equations with values and units,
drawings, assumptions, etc.)
1. (20 oints!
Heat is transferred between two large arallel lates a distance ! " # cm aart, at constant
temeratures $
%
" #20& and $
2
' $(e surfaces can be assume to be blac) (* " %)' $(e rate of (eat
conduction between t(e lates is %60 +' Determine a) $(e temerature $2 and t(e total rate of
(eat transfer er unit area if t(e ga between t(e lates is filled wit( air, b) t(e total rate of (eat
transfer if t(e ga is evacuated, c) t(e total rate of (eat transfer if t(e ga is filled wit( fiber glass
insulation, and d) t(e t(ermal conductivit, of an insulator to ac(ieve a (eat conductivit, is 2'0+'
(Disregard an, natural convection currents)
-oln:
a) $(e temerature at $
2
:
K
m C m W
m W
k
! "
T T
!
T T
k "
cond
cond
./ ' %00
) % )( 1 022# ' 0 (
) 0# ' 0 )( %60 (
#20
2
% 2
2 %
=

= =


W K K m K m W # T T "
rad
.2 ' /2. ) ./ ' %00 ) #20 )3( % )( 1 %0 6. ' / ( % ) (
0 0 2 0 2 2 0
2
0
%
= = =

W W W " " "


rad cond total
. ' .02 .2 ' /2. %60 = + = + =

b) +(en t(e air is evacuated t(ere is onl, radiative (eat transfer, t(erefore:
W " "
rad total
.2 ' /2. = =

c) 4n t(is case t(ere will be conduction (eat transfer t(roug( t(e fiberglass onl,'
W
K
m C m W
!
T T
k " "
cond total
0/ ' ##0
0# ' 0
) ./ ' %00 #20 (
) % )( 1 006 ' 0 (
2 2 %
=

= =

d)
C m W
T T
! "
k
!
T T
k "
cond
cond
=

= 1 0002.5 ' 0
) (
2 %
2 %

2. (20 oints!
A refrigerator (as dimensions of 6 ft 6 0 ft 6 # ft wit( walls % in t(ic)' 4t consumes 600 + of
ower w(en oerating and (as a 7O8 of 2'/' $(e motor remains on for five minutes and off for
%/ minutes er c,cle' $(e average temeratures of t(e inner and outer surfaces are /0 9 and
resectivel,' Determine t(e average t(ermal conductivit, of t(e refrigerator walls' +(at is t(e
annual cost of oerating t(is refrigerator if t(e rice of electricit, is :0'061)+('
-oln:
7ross section of t(e refrigerator is,
2
%2 ' 5 ); 2 ' 0 2 ' % ( ) 2 ' 0 2 ' % ( ) 2 ' % 2 ' % 3( 2 m
total
= + + =
$(e refrigerator (as a 7O8 f 2'/ t(erefore:
W " %/00 / ' 2 600 = =

$(e refrigerator oerates a <uarter of t(e time, t(erefore=


W " "
ave
#./ 0 1 = =

$(e t(ermal conductivit, of t(e refrigerator walls is:
" m 112# 0 =

= 1 '
T
! "
k
!
T
k "

$(e number of (ours in a ,ear t(at t(is refrigerator oerates is


>t" " #6/ 6 2010 " 2%50 (
$(e total amount of electricit, consumed er ,ear:
20 ' .2 : ) 1 06 ' 0 )(: %#%0 ( cos %#%0 ) 2%50 )( 6 ' 0 ( = = = = = kWh kWh t kWh h kW t " "

3. (20 oints$ 15 oints for e%&ations$ 2'3 oints for correct answer (a!'((!!
7onsider a %'/ m (ig( and 2 m wide glass window w(ose t(ic)ness is 6 mm and w(ic( (as a
t(ermal conductivit, of k " 0'.2 +1(m? @7)' Determine (a)t(e stead, rate of (eat transfer
t(roug( t(is glass window and (b) t(e temerature of its inner surface for a da, during w(ic( t(e
room is maintained at 20 @7 w(ile t(e temerature of t(e outdoors is A/ @7' $a)e t(e convection
(eat transfer coefficients on t(e inner and outer surfaces of t(e window to be h
$
" %0 +1(m
2
? @7)
and h
%
" 2/ +1(m
2
? @7), and disregard an, (eat transfer b, radiation'
-olution:
( ) ( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )
W
C
&
W
C
& & & &
W
C
m
C m
W
h
& &
W
C
m
C m
W
m
k
!
&
W
C
m
C m
W
h
& &
m m m
Total
conv glass conv Total
conv outside
glass
conv inside

+ + = + + =

= = =

= =

= = =
= =
0052 ' 0
0%## ' 0 002/6 ' 0 0### ' 0
0%## ' 0
0 ' # 2/
% %
002/6 ' 0
0 ' # .2 ' 0
006 ' 0
0### ' 0
0 ' # %0
% %
0 ' # 2 / ' %
2 , % ,
2
2
2
2 ,
2
%
2
2
%
% ,
2
$(e stead, rate of (eat transfer t(roug( t(e window glass is
( ) [ ]
W
W
C
C
&
T T
"
Total
/25
0052 ' 0
/ 20
2 %
=

$(e inner surface temerature of t(e window glass can be determined from
( )( ) C
W
C
W C & " T T
&
T T
"
conv
conv
=

= =

#2 ' 0 0### ' 0 /25 20


% , % %
% ,
% %

). (20 oints$ 15 oints for e%&ations$ 5 oints for correct answer!
8roblem 2A20 in 7engal, -ee 9igure 82A20
A 0Am (ig( and 6Am wide wall consists of long %2 cm B #0 cm crossAsection (oriContal bric)s
3k " 0'.2 +1(m? @7); searated b, #AcmAt(ic) laster la,ers 3k " 0'22 +1(m? @7);' $(ere are
also 2AcmAt(ic) laster la,ers on eac( side of t(e wall, and 2 cm t(ic) rigid foam
3k " 0'026 +1(m? @7); on t(e inner side of t(e wall' $(e indoor and t(e outdoor temeratures
are 22 @7 and A0 @7, and t(e convection (eat transfer coefficients on t(e inner and t(e outer sides
are h
$
" %0 +1(m
2
? @7) and h
%
" 20 +1(m
2
? @7), resectivel,' Assume oneAdimensional (eat
transfer and disregarding radiation, determine t(e rate of (eat transfer t(roug( t(e wall'
-olution
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )
W
C
&
W
C
& & & & & &
W
C
& & & &
W
C
m
C m
W
h
& &
W
C
m
C m
W
m
k
!
& &
W
C
m
C m
W
m
k
!
& & &
W
C
m
C m
W
m
k
!
& & &
W
C
m
C m
W
m
k
!
& &
W
C
m
C m
W
h
& &
Total
outside mid inside Total
mid
conv outside
'rick
center plaster
side plaster
(oam
conv inside

+ + + + = + + + + =

= + + = + + =

= = =

= = =

= = = =

= = = =

= = =

= = =
20 ' 0
%/2 ' 0 202 ' 0 606 ' 0 ## ' 2 #0# ' 0 2
202 ' 0
// ' /0
%
2## ' 0
%
// ' /0
% % % % %
%/2 ' 0
## ' 0 20
% %
2## ' 0
#0 ' 0 .2 ' 0
%2 ' 0
// ' /0
0%/ ' 0 22 ' 0
%2 ' 0
#0# ' 0
#0 ' 0 22 ' 0
02 ' 0
## ' 2
## ' 0 026 ' 0
02 ' 0
#0# ' 0
## ' 0 %0
% %
2 %
/ 0 #
2
2
2
2 ,
2
0
2
D / #
2
D 6 2
2
%
2
2
%
% ,
$(e stead, rate of (eat transfer t(roug( t(e wall er 0'## m
2
is
( ) [ ]
W
W
C
C
&
T T
"
Total
%5 ' 6
20 ' %
0 22
2 %
=

$(e stead, rate of (eat transfer t(roug( t(e entire wall becomes
( )
( )
W
m
m
W "
Total
0/0
## ' 0
6 0
%5 ' 6
2
2
=

5. (20 oints$ 15 oints for e%&ations$ 2'3 oints for correct answer (a!'((!!
A 6Am internal diameter s(erical tan) made of %'/ cmAt(ic) stainless steel 3k " %/ +1(m? @7); is
used to store iced water at 0 @7' $(e tan) is located in a room w(ose temerature is 20 @7' $(e
walls of t(e room are also at 20 @7' $(e outer surface of t(e tan) is blac) (emissivit,, *"%), and
(eat transfer between t(e outer surface of t(e tan) and t(e surroundings is b, natural convection
and radiation' $(e convection (eat transfer coefficients at t(e inner and t(e outer surfaces of t(e
tan) are 20 +1(m
2
? @7) and %0 +1(m
2
? @7), resectivel,' Determine (a) t(e rate of (eat transfer
to t(e iced water in t(e tan) and (b) t(e amount of ice at 0 @7 t(at melts during a 20A( eriod'
$(e (eat of fusion of water at atmos(eric ressure is (
if
" ###'. )E1)g'
-olution
$(e inner and outer surface areas of t(e s(ere are:
( )
( )
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 ' %%0 0# ' 6
% ' %%# 6
m m )
m m )
outer outer
inner inner
= = =
= = =


+e assume t(e outer surface temerature $
2
to be 0 @7 after comaring convection (eat transfer
coefficients at t(e inner and outer surfaces of t(e tan)' +it( t(is assumtion, t(e radiation (eat
transfer coefficient can be determined from:
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) [ ] ( ) ( ) [ ]
K m
W
h
K K K K
K m
W
h
T T T T h
rad
rad
surr surr rad
2
2 2
0 2
2
2
2 2
2
2/ ' /
0 2.# 20 2.# 20 2.# 0 2.# %0 6. ' / %
=
+ + + + + + =
+ + =

$(e individual t(ermal resistances are


( )( )
( )
( )( ) ( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )
W
C
&
W
C
& & & &
W
C
& & &
W
C
m
C m
W
h
&
W
C
m
C m
W
h
&
W
C
m m
C m
W
m
r kr
r r
& &
W
C
m
C m
W
h
&
Total
eqv inside conv Total
rad outside conv eqv
rad
rad
outside
outside
sphere
inside
inside conv

+ + = + + =

= + = + =

= =

= =

= =

= =
000650 ' 0
000/./ ' 0 0000022 ' 0 000%%0 ' 0
000/./ ' 0
00%6. ' 0
%
0002.6 ' 0
% % % %
00%6. ' 0
2 ' %%0 2/ ' /
% %
0002.6 ' 0
2 ' %%0 %0
% %
0000022 ' 0
0 ' # 0%/ ' # %/ 0
# 0%/ ' #
0
000%%0 ' 0
% ' %%# 20
% %
% ,
,
2
2
2
2
2 %
% 2
%
2
2
,

(a) $(en t(e stead, rate of (eat transfer to t(e iced water becomes
( ) [ ]
W
W
C
C
&
T T
"
Total
2%2 , 22
000650 ' 0
0 20
2 %
=

(b) $(e total amount of (eat transfer during a 20 (r eriod and t(e amount of ice w(ic( will melt
during t(is eriod are
( )( )
kg
kg k*
k*
h
"
m
k* s
s
k*
t " "
i(
ice
.06%
. ' ###
500 , 025 , 2
500 , 025 , 2 #600 20 2%2 ' 22
= = =
= = =

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