In Spain there are no regulations or rules for the management of highway runoff pollution. The GEAMA-udc is working in this direction with The Ministry of agriculture, Food and Environment of Spain. The aim of the Directive is the protection and enhancement of all water resources in the eu.
Original Description:
Original Title
Mobilization of heavy metals in highway runoff in Galicia (Spain)-Beijing 2013-v2.pdf
In Spain there are no regulations or rules for the management of highway runoff pollution. The GEAMA-udc is working in this direction with The Ministry of agriculture, Food and Environment of Spain. The aim of the Directive is the protection and enhancement of all water resources in the eu.
In Spain there are no regulations or rules for the management of highway runoff pollution. The GEAMA-udc is working in this direction with The Ministry of agriculture, Food and Environment of Spain. The aim of the Directive is the protection and enhancement of all water resources in the eu.
www.geama.org Jimnez, V.; De la Vega, F.; Del Ro, H.; Ures, P.; Anta, J.; Jcome, A.; Surez, J. Page 2 BACKGROUND
The overall aim of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD, 2000/60/EC) is the protection and enhancement of all water resources in the European Union.
WFD requires that member states estimate and identify significant pollution sources and take action to limit these emissions if they are considered to be harmful.
The "Common Implementation Strategy for the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) - Guidance Document No.3 - Analysis of Pressures and Impacts" establishes the highway runoff as significant pressure.
This guideline establishes the need to characterize runoff pollutants, especially hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), lead and herbicides. INTRODUCTION / BACKGROUND Page 3 In Spain there are no regulations or rules for the management of highway runoff pollution.
Efforts have focused on diffuse pollution from agricultural sources.
The Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment of Spain is beginning to consider URBAN DIFFUSE POLLUTION. The River Basin Management Plans requires knowing all pressures.
The Ministry is promoting characterization studies of runoff pollution in urban catchments, industrial areas and highways. Page 4 The GEAMA-UdC is working in this direction with the Ministry, along with Waters of Galicia, the regional authority.
This work present a pilot study developed to assess highway runoff pollution in the northwest of Spain.
Other urban and highway catchments also have been studied. SEPARATIVE SUB-CATCHMENT OF LOS ROSALES - A CORUA (SPAIN) Page 5 Galicia (SPAIN) Page 6 This region is characterized by a temperate climate, about 1300 mm of precipitation per year and about 130 rainy days. Page 7
ROAD DRAINAGE IN FENE- GALICIA (SPAIN) The catchment runoff is directly spilled to the Ferrol 1 estuary, which is considered as a sensitive aquatic media 2 following the European urban wastewater treatment 3 Directive 91/271/EEC criteria. 4 Page 8 The coast has many settled population Page 9
Page 10
The pilot catchment characterized is part the road N-651 in Fene Municipality (Galicia).
The road is set to 4 lanes and it has an area of 4.46 ha with a runoff coefficient of 0.8
The ADT is 18,000 vehicles per day and it has pavement with asphalt aggregate. Page 11
The drainage network is about 1.8 km length.
The network was built with concrete pipes with an average diameter of 400 mm.
The average catchment slope is 5.2% while network is slope is 3.5%. Page 12
Page 13
In the pilot catchment was installed a control section with an area-velocity flowmeter (HACH SIGMA 950), and automatic sampler (HACH SIGMA SD900), a GPRS communication system and a rain gauge. Page 14 Page 15 A total of 10 rain events were characterized, measuring hydrographs and pollutographs (between 5 and 12 single samples per event). Page 16 In each of the simple samples were measured conventional pollutants (BOD 5 , COD, TSS, TDS, TS, nitrogen forms, phosphorus forms), heavy metals (particulate and dissolved fractions), hydrocarbons (totals and HAPs) and bacteriological contamination (FC, TC, E coli).
Laser Diffraction Particle Size Analyzers was used also to characterize the suspensions.
Page 17
EVENT 10: 21 previous days without rain Page 18
Cmax, EMC (event mean concentration), SMC (site mean concentration), and other parameter had been calculated. Page 19 Page 20 Lows High Highway Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum Mean CONVENTIONAL PAR. COD (mg/L) 10,0 390,0 117,9 TSS (mg/L) < 50 > 175 3,0 4.800,0 157,9 Total N (mg/L) < 1,25 > 5,0 4,8 Total P (mg/L) < 0,1 > 0,2 0,1 10,0 0,3 METALS (TOTAL) Cd (g/L) < 0,3 > 1,5 2,00 0,10 0,50 0,5 378,0 4,5 Cr (g/L) < 15,0 > 75 1,00 170,00 1,0 100,0 10,9 Cu (g/L) < 9,0 > 45,0 60,00 6,00 120,00 1,0 800,0 48,5 Fe (g/L) 4.100,0 24.000,0 4.283,5 Hg (g/L) < 0,04 > 0,20 0,20 1,20 Ni (g/L) < 45,0 > 225 3,00 190,00 0,9 317,0 12,6 Pb (g/L) < 3,0 > 15,0 100,00 1,00 33,00 1,0 2.300,0 113,6 Zn (g/L) < 60,0 > 300 100,00 10,00 300,00 5,0 2.400,0 227,5 PAH and Oil and Grease Oil and Grease (mg/L) < 0,5 > 1,0 1,0 226,0 10,9 PAH (g/L) < 1,0 > 2,0 0,10 2,70 25 -60 Stockholm Vatten (2001) Storhaug, R. (1996) Harrison (1991) CALTRANS (2003)
Page 21 Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum Mean 1st Quartile 3rd Quartile CONVENTIONAL PAR. COD (mg/L) 4,00 177,00 18,00 464,00 41,00 291,00 136,50 89,10 209,20 TSS (mg/L) 32,00 771,00 33,00 914,00 9,00 406,00 191 (149) 101 (35) 361 (327) Total N (mg/L) 2,37 1,52 3,71 Total P (mg/L) 0,00 1,50 0,10 1,10 - - 0,18 0,11 0,27 METALS (TOTAL) Cd (g/L) <LD <LD - - - - 2,40 1,30 4,20 Cr (g/L) 5,00 20,00 - - - - 11,70 6,20 22,20 Cu (g/L) 9,00 52,00 2,00 120,00 5,00 155,00 80,30 43,20 149,50 Fe (g/L) - - 300,00 10.000,00 - - 3.160,00 1.370,00 7.280,00 Hg (g/L) 0,20 0,10 0,50 Ni (g/L) 9,00 17,00 - - - - 20,20 7,90 51,80 Pb (g/L) 7,00 56,00 7,00 440,00 11,00 1.457,00 269,60 153,70 472,90 Zn (g/L) - - 34,00 590,00 40,00 2.892,00 336,70 150,90 751,50 PAH and Oil and Grease Oil and Grease (mg/L) 1,00 11,10 0,80 35,10 - - 3,09 0,80 11,88 PAH (g/L) Barrett et al. (1996) Driscoll et al. (1990) Mitchell, G. (2001) Wu et al. (1998)
Page 22 Cmax CMS EVALUATION CONVENTIONAL PAR. COD (mg/L) 299,26 176,45 HIGH TSS (mg/L) 420,75 234,11 HIGH Total N (mg/L) 6,08 3,87 MEDIUM Total P (mg/L) 1,09 0,68 HIGH METALS (TOTAL) Cd (g/L) 0,51 0,15 LOW Cr (g/L) 15,43 9,16 LOW Cu (g/L) 88,68 55,07 HIGH Fe (g/L) 10.320 5.651 HIGH Hg (g/L) 0,35 0,10 LOW Ni (g/L) 15,05 7,43 LOW Pb (g/L) 30,74 17,45 LOW Zn (g/L) 385,65 172,80 LOW PAH and Oil and Grease Oil and Grease (mg/L) 7,02 4,66 HIGH PAH (g/L) 7,23 2,42 HIGH FENE AVDA. AS PAS Evaluation GEAMA-UdC
Page 23 Comparison between EMC values from different European studies
The Quality of Urban Stormwater in Britain and Europe: Database and Recommended Values for Strategic Planning Models, Mitchell, 2001 cited by Hvitved-Jacobsen, 2010) and the values obtained in the pilot basin Fene (Spain). Page 24 Comparison between EMC values from different European studies (The Quality of Urban Stormwater in Britain and Europe: Database and Recommended Values for Strategic Planning Models, Mitchell, 2001 cited by Hvitved-Jacobsen, 2010) and the values obtained in the pilot basin Fene (Spain). Percentage probability that concentration is less than the indicated value. Log-normal distribution plot. Page 25 It shows the results of 10 years of measures on motorways.
On each equipped location, the experimentations lasted about 1 year.
These measures aimed at evaluating CHRONIC POLLUTION due to roadways runoffs.
Present a method for calculating pollutant loads.
They give a simple and updated system of reference to road project managers. Page 26 Page 27 Page 28 Page 29 ANNUAL POLLUTING LOADS kg/year TSS COD Zn Cu Cd THC HAP FENE (SPAIN) 7271,9 5483,4 5,37 1,7 4,62 8992,5 75,14 SETRA 2339,9 2179,3 7,24 1,0 42,57 41789,6 6,52 UNITARIAN ANNUAL POLLUTING LOADS kg 1000 veh/day TSS COD Zn Cu Cd THC HAP FENE (SPAIN) 118,8 89,5 0,09 0,028 0,08 146,9 1,23 SETRA** 70 64,0 0,21 0,031 1,30 1300,0 0,20 Page 30 Page 31 Pgina 32 This paper shows that measured fluxes have very significant pollution loads and must be controlled and treated to avoid its impact on the receiving waters.
The presentation showed that the concentrations values obtained are high in conventional pollutants, and low values for heavy metals, except Cu.
Predictive models studied have not provided a good agreement with the measured concentrations or the measured annual loads.
It is necessary to characterize more pilot catchments in similar conditions and rainfall.
It is necessary to continue working with others predictive models of European countries with similar climatic conditions to the northwest of Spain.
The obtained results suggest the necessity of developing highway runoff regulations in the Spanish context.
jsuarez@udc.es
Pgina 34 34 STRATEGIES AND TOOLS FOR INTEGRATED URBAN WATER CYCLE MANAGEMENT
STRATEGIES: Water Sensitive Urban Desing, WSUD Low Impact Development, LID Planning for SuDS Hydrologic urban rehabilitation