You are on page 1of 10

DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

A DFD has the purpose of clarifying system requirements and


identifying major transformation means how data is flowing at various
level between source destinations. A DFD consist of a series of
bubbles Joint by lines. The bubbles represent data transformation and
the lines represent data flow.

The DFD is one of the most important tools to be used by system
analyst. The main merit of DFD is that can provide an overview of
what files are used, and where the results flow. The graphical
representation of the system makes it a good communication tool
between a user and an analyst. Symbols used in making data flow
diagram are: -


1. Circle or a Bubble:-
It represents a process that transforms incoming data
flows into outgoing data flows.


Symbol-


2. Rectangle: -
A rectangle represents an external entity, situated outside
the system. Entity supplying data are known as sources and
those that consume data are called sinks.

Symbol-






3. An Arrow: -
An arrow identifies data flow. It also represents data in
motion. It is a pipeline through which information flows.


Symbol-


4. Slant Line: -
Thin slant line depicts a line. A file or data store
stores data. If an arrow points to the file, it indicates
operation of writing in the file. If it points away from the file, it
indicates operation of reading from the file. If both arrows are
there, it indicates that one may write in or read from the file.


Symbol-












CONTEXT LEVEL DFD







OTP

Members






Admin

Acquire Membership View Update Delivery Status
Acquire Login
Book Package Add/Modify Package
Made payment Authorize Mem

Generate Booking

Get booking conf.
Queries
Maintain
Consistent
Database

Answer












1 Level DFD



Gives
Feedback
submit
Query

Get
Booking
confirma
tion

Read

Feedback
7.0
1.0
Member
ship
2.0
Book
Package
3.0
Made
Payment
Member
Ok
Acquire
Ok
Card no & Password

Booking_Id
Ok
Email_id
Password
Pack
age
Ok
Ok
Update
Database
Database
Database
Added
Database
Email_id,F_Id
F_Id
Package Name
Update
Database
Check Response Add
Database
Database

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Query_Id
Ok
Fetch
Update
8
Ok

Modify
List of
Packages

Login
1.0
View
Update
Booking
Status
3.0
Generate
Booking


Receives
Payment
5.0


Administrator



Database Database Booking/Account Database Booking/Account Database

Member_Id
Emai_id & Booking
Member_Id
Ok
Ok
User Name
Password

Package_Id


Booking_ID
Date
Query Response Update Query Response Fetch
Booking
Database

















E-R DIAGRAM

E-R diagram is a physical relationship between different entities.
It depicts the overall structure of an organization. E-R Model is a
detailed Logical representation of entities. It is an association of data
elements for an organization and business area. Basic symbols used
for E-R diagram are: -

1. Entity:
It is a thing in real word with an independent existence. An
entity may be an object with a physical existence or may be an object
with a conceptual existence.

Symbol-

There is a type of entity, which is called weak entity:

Weak Entity:
The entity, which has not any key, attributes of their own; these
are called weak entity.





2. Attribute:
These are properties, which describe an entity.

Symbol-
Type Of Attributes :

Multivalued attribute:
These attributes are shown in double Ovals. It shows the
attributes that have multiple values.





Derived Attribute:

These attributes are shown in double dotted lines.
Example, Age of the person can be a derived attribute.

Because it is possible to get the age of a person when Date
of Birth is known.

Symbol:




3. Relationship:

Whenever an attribute of one entity type refers to another entity
type, some relationship exists. It connects entities and represents
a meaningful dependency between them.


Symbol-


4. Primary key:
It is a unique quality and is related with attribute.

Symbol-

You might also like