Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Overview
Inthislesson,studentswilldefinepropagandaandstudythevarioustypesofpropagandatechniques.
AfterviewinganassortmentofWorldWarIIpropagandaacrossdifferentmediums(postersandvideos),
studentswillcreateapieceofWorldWarIIpropaganda.Thereisalsoanoptionalviewingguideforthe
Nazipropagandafilm,TriumphoftheWill.(TeacherNote:Thelengthofthislessonsprocedureisonly4
pageslong;theadditionalpagesarevariouspropagandapostersandhandoutsthatcanbeprovidedtostudents.
Thus,teachersshouldreviewthehandoutstodeterminewhichpagestoprint.)
NCEssentialStandardsforWorldHistory
WH.7.3Analyzeeconomicandpoliticalrivalries,ethnicandregionalconflicts,andnationalismand
imperialismasunderlyingcausesofwar
Materials
TypesofPropagandadefinitions(attached)
TypesofPropagandaWorksheet(attached)
DerFuehrersFaceAdayinthelifeofDonaldDuckifhelivedinNaziGermany.(Runningtimeis
7:56)
o http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5LYD0Fzf1LU
EducationforDeathBasedonanantiNazipropagandabook,thiscartoonportraysthelifeofchildin
NaziGermany.(Runningtimeis10:00)
o http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FQqCeEG5hs0&skipcontrinter=1
Postitnotes
YoureaPropagandaMinisterhandout(attached)
YoureaPropagandaMinisterimagehandouts(attached)
VariousWorldWarIIPropagandaPosters(attached)
TriumphoftheWillViewingGuide(attached)(optional)
EssentialQuestions:
Whatarethebasicpropagandatechniquesandwhyisitimportanttobeabletoidentifysuch
techniques?
HowwaspropagandausedduringWorldWarII?
Inwhatwaysdoespropagandainfluencepeoplesopinions?
Duration
90minutes
TeacherPreparation
PreviewtheYouTubepropagandavideosprovided.Teachersshouldusetheirdiscretionregarding
whichvideostouseinclass,sincetheracialovertonesmaybeinappropriateforstudentswhoarenot
preparedtorespectfullyhandleanddiscusscontroversialissues.Also,sincemanyschooldistrictsblock
YouTube,itisrecommendedteachersdownloadthevideoclipstheyplantouseinclass.Thiswillalso
ensurestudentsarenotprivytothecommentsbelowthevideos,whichcanoftenbeinappropriate.
StudentPreparation
Studentsshouldhaveabasicunderstandingofthecauses,leaders,andeventsofWorldWarII.
Procedure
WarmUp:DefiningPropaganda
1. Asawarmup,writethewordpropagandaontheboardandasaclassaskstudentstobrainstorm
whatthiswordmeans.Encouragestudentstothinkaboutthedefinition,examples,situationsin
whichitisused,etc.Afterthediscussion,studentsshouldunderstandthatpropagandareferstoa
typeofmessageaimedatinfluencingopinionsand/orbehaviorofpeople.Manygovernments,
especiallytheNazis,usedpropagandaeffectivelyduringWWII.Propagandamayprovideonly
partialinformationorbedeliberatelymisleading.Propagandatechniquesareoftenfoundon
televisionandradio,aswellasmagazinesandnewspapers.Posethefollowingquestionstotheclass:
Whydoyouthinkgovernmentswouldusepropaganda,especiallyduringwartime?
Howstronglydoyouthinkpropagandainfluencespeoplesopinions?
Doyouthinkthatpeoplecanrecognizepropagandaassoonastheyseeit?
Canyouthinkofanypropagandayouhaveseenrecently?Summarizewhatyousawandwhere
yousawit.
2. Askstudentstoiftheycanidentifythedifferenttypesofpropagandatechniques.Writethemdown
ontheboardastheyarecalledout.Onceallstudentshaveexhaustedthepossibilities,projectthe
attachedTypesofPropagandaTechniqueshandoutandpassouttheattachedTypesof
PropagandaWorksheet.Allowstudentsafewminutestosilentlycopythedefinitions.Once
studentshavefinishedcopyingthedefinitions,choosestudentstoreadeachdefinitionaloud.While
goingthrougheachdefinition,askstudentsiftheycanthinkofexamplestheyhavewitnessedofeach
technique.
DisneyandWorldWarIIPropaganda
3. Asstudentsarecopyingthedefinitions,cueuponeofthefollowingvideos:
DerFuehrersFaceAdayinthelifeofDonaldDuckifhelivedinNaziGermany.(Runningtimeis
7:56)
o http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5LYD0Fzf1LU
EducationforDeathBasedonanantiNazipropagandabook,thiscartoonportraysthelifeofa
childinNaziGermany.(Runningtimeis10:00)
o http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FQqCeEG5hs0
4. Explaintostudentsthatthesevideoswereshownbeforemoviesatthemovietheatre(rememberTVs
werentwidelyavailableduringthe1940s)duringWorldWarII.Someoftheshortfilmswere
instructional(teachingpeoplehowtoconserve,forexample),whileotherswereintendedtoinform
Americancitizensabouttheirenemies.Astheyareviewingthevideos,tellthemtonotewhichtypes
ofpropagandatechniquesarebeingused.
5. Oncethevideohasconcluded,posethefollowingquestionstotheclass:
WhydoyouthinktheUSGovernmentcommissionedthecreationofthisvideo?Whatwerethey
tryingtogetacrosstotheAmericanpeople?
Whattypesofpropagandatechniquesdidyounoticewhileyouwereviewingthevideo?
Describeyourfeelingswhilewatchingthevideo.
Whataspectsofthevideodoyouthinkareaccurate?Whataspectsareexaggerated?Whataspects
arefabricated?
Besidescartoons,whatotherwaystoyouthinktheUSGovernmentdisseminatedpropaganda?
InterpretingWorldWarIIPropaganda
6. TellstudentsthattheyaregoingtoanalyzevariouspiecesofWorldWarIIpropaganda.Explainthat
oneofthemostpopularandwidespreadformsofpropagandaduringWorldWarIIwereposters.
Dividethestudentsintogroupsoftwotofourstudentsanddistributetheattachedpropaganda
posters.
7. Allowstudentsafewminutestoviewtheposterswiththeirgroupmatesandtorecordtheirinitial
impressionsoftheposters.Aftertheallottedtime,projectthefollowingquestionsandhavethegroup
discuss/answer:
Whatpropagandatechniquesarebeingutilizedinyourposter?
Whatevidencefromtheposterdoyouhavetojustifyyouranswer?
Whatcountryisyourpropagandaposterfrom?
Whoarethemajorfiguresinyourposter?
Whatmessagedoyouthinkyourposteristryingtoconvey?
Isthemessagesubtleorovert?
Doyouthinkthisisaneffectivepieceofpropaganda?Whyorwhynot?
8. Whilegroupsareinspectingtheirposters,passoutonepieceoftapepergroupandonepostitnote
perstudent.Aftergroupshaveanalyzedtheirposter,instructthemtohangtheirposteratthefrontof
theroom.Telltheclasstotakeafewminutestogetupandcloselyviewtheposters.Oncetheyhave
hadtimetoviewalltheposters,theyshouldputtheirpostitnoteontheposterthattheythinkisthe
mosteffectivepieceofpropaganda.
9. Aftertallyingthevotes,discusstheresultsandhavestudentselaborateonwhytheyvotedfora
poster.Thenposethefollowingquestionsforfurtherdiscussion:
Whataresomecommonalitiesbetweenthepostershangingatthefrontoftheroom?
Ifanationsleaderisdepictedintheposter,whatdoyounoticeabouthowtheyredrawn?
Ifanationsenemyisintheposter,howaretheydrawnorportrayed?
WhatdoyounoticeaboutthewaymanyoftheJapanesefiguresareportrayed?
Whichpropagandatechniqueismostcommonamongthepostersatthefrontoftheroom?
YoureaPropagandaMinister
10. PassouttheattachedYoureaPropagandaMinisterhandoutandreviewtheinstructionsbefore
allowingstudentstoworkfortheremainderoftheclass.ForPartIoftheassignment,studentswill
createtwodifferentcaptionsforthesameimage.Randomlypassouttheattachedphotohandoutsfor
thispartoftheassignment.InPartII,studentswillcreatetheirownpropagandaposter.Ifstudents
donotfinishtheirpostersinclass,instructthemtofinishthemforhomework.
11. Asawarmupthenextday,chooseafewstudentstopresenttheirpostersandhavetheclassinterpret
whatpropagandatechniquesarebeingused.Alternatively,teacherscanhavestudentshandallof
theirpostersaroundtheroomandinstructstudenttofreelyrotateamongtheposters,examiningthem
foreffectivepropagandatechniques.
AdditionalActivities
ViewtheNazipropagandafilmTriumphoftheWill.(AfreecopycanbefoundonYouTube.)Usethe
attachedviewingguidesothatstudentscannotetheirthoughtswhileviewing;ensureclasstimeis
providedtodiscussanddebriefthefilmindepth.
Teachersnote:SomeoftheYouTubeusercommentsareinflammatoryandpromoteNaziideology.It
isbesttopreviewthevideosbeforeshowingthem.SincemanydistrictsblockaccesstoYouTubefrom
schools,andtoensurethecommentsarenotvisibletostudents,teachersshouldalsoconsider
downloadingthematerialtotheircomputer.
o FullFilm
http://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=8C37DA9DB19DB294&search_query=triumph+of
+the+will+english+subtitles
o PartI(HitlersArrival)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wsTBkrrl5Gg&feature=PlayList&p=8C37DA9DB19DB294
&index=0
o Part5(HitlerYouthRally)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qJtd37HzpbQ&feature=PlayList&p=8C37DA9DB19DB294
&index=4
o Part9(HitlersConcludingSpeech)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xHVwgWzz5dQ&feature=PlayList&p=8C37DA9DB19DB2
94&index=8
o Part10(HitlersConcludingSpeech)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9gwK9_ElGn8&feature=PlayList&p=8C37DA9DB19DB294
&index=9
o HavestudentsfollowthefilmusingtheattachedTriumphoftheWillViewingGuide
TypesofPropagandaTechniques
Emotionalappeal(e.g.fear):Appealingtotheemotionsofyouraudience.Forexample,whena
propagandistwarmsmembersofheraudiencethatdisasterwillresultiftheydonotfollowa
particularcourseofaction,sheisusingfearappeal.
Glitteringgeneralities:Aglitteringgeneralitydeviceseekstomakeusapproveandaccept
withoutexaminingtheevidence;GlitteringgeneralitiesincludephrasessuchasWebelievein,
fightfor,andlivebyvirtue.Theyalsoincludewordsaboutwhichwehavedeepsetideas,
suchascivilization,Christianity,good,proper,right,democracy,patriotism,motherhood,
fatherhood,science,medicine,health,andlove.
Testimonials:Famouspeopleorfigureswhowillappeartrustworthyspeaktotheaudience.
Bandwagon:Thebasicthemeofthebandwagonappealisthateveryoneelseisdoingit,andso
shouldyou.
Plainfolks:Byusingtheplainfolkstechnique,speakersattempttoconvincetheiraudiencethat
they,andtheirideas,areofthepeople.
Scientificapproach:Usingscientificjargon(e.g.numbers,statistics,data,etc.)toconvinceyour
audience.
Snobappeal:Givingtheimpressionthatpeopleofwealthandprestigeareonboard.
Cardstacking:Onlypresentingonesideoftheissue/situation.
Transfer:Transferisadevicebywhichthepropagandistcarriesovertheauthority,sanction,and
prestigeofsomethingwerespectandreveretosomethinghewouldhaveusaccept.
Namecalling:Thenamecallingtechniquelinksaperson,oridea,toanegativesymbol.The
propagandistwhousesthistechniquehopesthattheaudiencewillrejectthepersonortheidea
onthebasisofthenegativesymbol,insteadoflookingattheavailableevidence.
Euphemisms:Thepropagandistattemptstopacifytheaudienceinordertomakeanunpleasant
realitymorepalatable.Thisisaccomplishedbyusingwordsthatareblandandeuphemistic.An
exampleisduringwartime,sincewarisparticularlyunpleasant,militarydiscourseisfullof
euphemisms.Inthe1940s,AmericachangedthenameoftheWarDepartmenttothe
DepartmentofDefense.
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Name______________________________________
YoureaPropagandaMinister
Directions:YouhavebeenappointedthepropagandaministerforoneofthefollowingcountriesduringWorldWar
II:theUnitedStates,Germany,Japan,Russia,orEngland.Itisyourjobtocompletebothpartsoftheassignment:
Part1
Youhavebeenassignedtwoidenticalimagesandyoumustcreatetwodifferentcaptions/slogansforeachimage:
OnefortheAxisperspectiveandonefortheAlliedperspective.Usetheexamplebelowandthepostersyouviewed
inyourgroupasguides.Besuretouseatleastoneofthepropagandatechniques.
AxisPerspective
Allied
Perspective
OurBelovedFuehrerDemonstratesGerman
HitlerCapturesFrance:WeCouldBeNext!
SuperioritybyCapturingFrance
SupporttheWarEffort
Part2
Createyourownpropagandaposterforoneofthefollowingnations:Germany,Japan,theUnitedStates,England,or
Russia.Chooseathemethatyouwanttopresent:supportthewareffort,vilifyingenemies,etc.Yourpostershould
becolorfulandeasytounderstand;rememberyouwantittocapturepeoplesattention.Besuretouseatleastone
ofthepropagandatechniques
Name____________________________________________________________________YoureaPropagandaMinister
Source:http://www.afterimagegallery.com/
AxisPerspective:
AlliedPerspective:
Name____________________________________________________________________YoureaPropagandaMinister
Source:http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1304/1356231392_94d31c47e9.jpg
AxisPerspective:
AlliedPerspective:
Name____________________________________________________________________YoureaPropagandaMinister
Source:http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_utj_WiTT3tU/SRbET_iLeI/AAAAAAAAAs/SPiukoIb1wU/s400/churchill
winston+machine+gun.jpg
AxisPerspective:
AlliedPerspective:
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Name____________________________________________________________________YoureaPropagandaMinister
Source:http://scrapetv.com/News/News%20Pages/Everyone%20Else/images4/HitlerMussolini.jpg
AxisPerspective:
AlliedPerspective:
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Name____________________________________________________________________YoureaPropagandaMinister
Source:http://www.limalima.com/art/Japanese%20Zero.jpg
AxisPerspective:
AlliedPerspective:
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WWIIPropagandaPosters
Source:http://www.ushmm.org/propaganda/assets/images/500x/posterbehindenemypowers.jpg
13
Source:http://lh4.ggpht.com/_fps7jxvrEbw/SVjZHsmNP0I/AAAAAAAADyE/Y0J75Yxzlp8/s160/Poster%20
%20Nordmen%20Kjemp%20For%20Norge.jpg
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Source:http://cache4.asset
cache.net/xc/84358222.jpg?v=1&c=IWSAsset&k=2&d=77BFBA49EF8789215ABF3343C02EA548351B83F84FD64430C94
478DDAC646CB84AB9F254822EB3B4
NC Civic Education Consortium
Visit our Database of K-12 Resources at http://database.civics.unc.edu/
15
Source:http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_bjqmGmHDb1w/SUPpTl5aKI/AAAAAAAABvs/UltgDaBXSEA/s320/anti
japanesepropagandaposte+hate.jpg
16
Source:http://www.hugeentity.com/blogger/antijapanesepropagandawwii.jpg
17
Source:http://www.wreckamovie.com/system/task_references/0000/0019/Attack__Buy_War_Bonds.jpg
18
Source:http://www.ilord.com/images/bitsofcarelesstalk1000.jpg
NC Civic Education Consortium
Visit our Database of K-12 Resources at http://database.civics.unc.edu/
19
Source:http://www.josephstalin.info/poster.jpg
20
Source:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/AntiJapanesePropagandaTakeDayOff.gif
21
Source:
http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/powers_of_persuasion/warning/images_html/images/our_homes_in_danger.jpg
22
Source:http://z.about.com/d/history1900s/1/0/e/Q/wwiip117.jpg
23
Source:http://gentlyused.files.wordpress.com/2007/04/liberatorskulturterrorantiamericanism1944nazi
propagandaposter.jpg
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Source:http://web.utk.edu/~glenn/EuropasSieg.jpg
25
Source:http://static.rnw.nl/migratie/www.ranesi.nl/images/assets/13525855redirected
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Source:http://digilander.libero.it/romanoarchives/page2/files/page2_42.jpg
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Source:http://www.cynicalc.com/archives/bloggraphics/tokiokid.jpg
28
Source:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/PropagandaNaziStabsBible.gif
29
Source:http://www.wemakemoneynotart.com/yyy/rat%5B1%5D.jpg
30
Source:http://www.usingutensils.com/wpcontent/gallery/wwiiposters/usa08.png
31
Source:http://w00.middlebury.edu/ID085A/gallery/film/roosevelt.jpg
32
Source:
http://tennesseebillsotr.com/otr/Otr%20Art%20ii/WW%20II%20Posters%20&%20Pics/Don%27t%20Let%20The%20Sh
adow.jpg
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Source:http://badcomics.files.wordpress.com/2009/08/slapajap.jpg
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Source:http://www.legion.org/documents/legion/posters/912.jpg
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Name ____________________
Triumph of Will Viewing Guide
Section 1: Hitlers Arrival
What do you think the scene of Hitlers plane descending from the sky trying to represent?
Why do you think the filmmaker wanted to show Hitlers drive from the airport to the hotel?
What do you think the work camp scenes are supposed to symbolize?
2.
What does the scene with the Horst Wessel song intend to portray?
Do you think the responses of the crowd during Hitlers speech are forced or genuine?
If you were unaware of Hitlers actions and had just watched this film, would you think Hitler was a good leader? Would you
follow him?
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