This document summarizes key considerations for container crane design, including design criteria, fatigue and reliability analysis, wind loads, dynamic response, and structural details. Container cranes must be designed to withstand expected overloads and proof loads while maintaining high reliability over their lifespan despite fatigue. Fatigue life and reliability are ensured through careful analysis and implementation of fatigue-tolerant details. Cranes also require robust designs to resist strong storm winds and seismic loads through considerations like tie-downs, isolation, and tuning the dynamic response.
This document summarizes key considerations for container crane design, including design criteria, fatigue and reliability analysis, wind loads, dynamic response, and structural details. Container cranes must be designed to withstand expected overloads and proof loads while maintaining high reliability over their lifespan despite fatigue. Fatigue life and reliability are ensured through careful analysis and implementation of fatigue-tolerant details. Cranes also require robust designs to resist strong storm winds and seismic loads through considerations like tie-downs, isolation, and tuning the dynamic response.
This document summarizes key considerations for container crane design, including design criteria, fatigue and reliability analysis, wind loads, dynamic response, and structural details. Container cranes must be designed to withstand expected overloads and proof loads while maintaining high reliability over their lifespan despite fatigue. Fatigue life and reliability are ensured through careful analysis and implementation of fatigue-tolerant details. Cranes also require robust designs to resist strong storm winds and seismic loads through considerations like tie-downs, isolation, and tuning the dynamic response.
Erik Soderberg, S.E. Lift h C lt t I Liftech Consultants Inc. www.liftech.net Liftech Overview Topics Container Crane Overview Design Criteria Design Considerations Fatigue and Reliability Fatigue and Reliability Storm Wind Loads D i R Dynamic Response Terminal Cross Section Crane Operation A-Frame Articulated Boom Low Profile Operating Stowed Crane Size Dual Hoist Tandem 40 Lifted Load up to 140 metric tons Lifted Load up to 140 metric tons Triple 40 p Typical Boom Sections Monogirder Twin Girder Crane Design Criteria Performance based design specification No Building Code Designed to 90% of yield for expected overloads Proof load = 125% of rated load Fatigue and Reliability Fatigue and Reliability g y 1. Calculate Fatigue and Design for Specified Reliability 2. Consider Details in Series 3. Use Fatigue Tolerant Details Damage Tolerant Design Allowable Cumulative Damage Allowable Cumulative Damage The allowable damage in all specifications assumes a probability of failure of about 2.5%. BS 7608 assumes a probability 2.3%. This is based on: Typical Design t y 0.9986 0.9773 0.8423 Reliability R e l i a b i l i t 0.5000 Normal Gaussian Distribution 0.0000 Mean 2d 1d 3d d = 1 standard deviation PWM Structural Details AB By Approved L I F TECH CONSUL TANTS I NC. Members in Series RELIABILITY OF SYSTEM SHALL BE CALCULATED BY DETERMINING THE RELIABILITY D OF EACH LINK INCLUDING ALL CONNECTION DETAILS, ANDCALCULATINGTHE Structural Member TYPICAL FORESTAY EXAMPLES CONNECTION DETAILS, AND CALCULATING THE RELIABILITY OF THE SYSTEM USING: DSY STEM =DA x DB x DC DN FOR EXAMPLE, THE RELIABILITY OF LINK A IS D =D1 x D2 x D3 x D4 x D5 x D6 x D7 x D8 THE VALUES OF Di ARE FOUND FROM TABLE FOR EACH Ri . Structural Member Reliability Consider Details in Series NOTICE WHEN R <0.4, D =1 AND WHEN THE CALCULATED STRESS RANGE IS <0.74X ALLOWABLE STRESS RANGE, R <0.4. NOTES: HOLE CLASS F MAY BE USED FOR AVERAGE STRESS OR DETAIL MAY BE ANALYZED USING STRESS CONCETRATION FACTOR. N:\Liftech\Library Resources\Cranes\Specifications\!StdSpecDocuments\ structdetl7- 11.vsd Date Sht. of J ob No./Name S11 S11 Fatigue Tolerant Details Acceptable Unacceptable Circa 1965 PWM AB By Approved L I F T E C H C ON S U L T A N T S I N C . Liftech Structural Details Liftech Standard S Not Acceptable Acceptable Structural Details p Acceptable eta s Avoid Edge Distance Date Sht. of J obNo./Name Not Acceptable Acceptable S1 S11 PWM AB By Approved L I F T E C H C O N S U L T A N T S I N C . Hold welds back 10 mm P id li f h l Structural Details Provide relief holes Not Acceptable Acceptable p p Make plate centerlines coincident Date Sht. of J obNo./Name Not Acceptable Acceptable S2 S11 PWM AB By Approved L I F T E C H C O N S U L T A N T S I N C . Structural Details Provide relief holes to reduce stress PLATE b SLOTTED PLATE b SLOTTED reduce stress concentration and discontinuities at ends of let in plates of let-in plates Date Sht. of JobNo./Name Not Acceptable Acceptable S3 S11 PWM AB By Approved L I F T E C H C O N S U L T A N T S I N C . PWM AB By Approved L I F TECH CONSUL TANTS I NC. Structural Details Continued from Sht. S8. Avoidance of Wrap Around Weld Acceptable Structural Details See Sht. S9 for Isometric View Avoidance of Wraparound Weld Acceptable PLAN ELEVATION Date Sht. of J obNo./Name ISOMETRIC VIEW S9 S11 N:\Liftech\LibraryResources\Cranes\Specifications\!StdSpecDocuments\ structdetl7-11.vsd Date Sht. of J ob No./Name S8 S11 Connection Strength > Member Strength > Member Strength Kobe Earthquake Through Thickness Joint Requirements Requirements Material Requirement Weld Requirement For plates and sections subjected to th h thi k O C S O G FOR COMPONENTS CARRYING CALCULATED AXIAL STRESS through thickness stresses, the material shall comply with ISO 7778 Steel FOR FCMS: THE THROUGH THICKNESS, YIELD, DUCTILITY, AND CVN PROPERTIES SHALL COMPLY WITH THE REQUIREMENTS FOR IN PLANE TENSION PLATES. UT 100% FILLET SIZE t/4 BUT AT with ISO 7778, Steel Plate with specified through thickness characteristics BUT AT LEAST AWS MIN. t characteristics. U.T. TO CHECK FOR LAMELLAR TEARS BEFORE WELDING AND 36 HOURS AFTER WELDING. Wind Loads Hurricane Katrina. Source: www.nhc.noaa.gov Wind Tunnel Testing Design force coefficients Design force coefficients Dynamic response factor Wind Tunnel Tests Typical results Wind Tunnel Test Force Test Liftech E ti Equations 0 45 90 135 180 Angle of Attack Crane Securing Components Free Body Diagram Wind Loading Free Body Diagram Wind Loading Ti D St Pi Tie-Down Stowage Pin Tie-downs Stowage Pin System Hurricane Wind Failures Wharf Hardware Wharf connection may fail due to improper design and/or and/or fabrication Typical Failure Modes: Fabrication Wharf tiedown anchorage: Anchor rods pulled out of wharf Wharf tiedown anchorage: Anchor rods pulled out of wharf Dynamic Response Design for Tipping Design for Ductile Yielding Design For Isolation Isolation Between Lower Leg and Portal Beam Beam Liftech Isolation Detail Isolation Between Lower Leg and Portal Beam Hotel in China Summary Container Crane Design Considerations Considerations STEER March 2007 This presentation is available for download www liftech net www.liftech.net Erik Soderberg, S.E. Liftech Consultants Inc. Dynamic Response T =3.89 sec Low Profile Study: Significant Modes for EQ Motion
T =1.39 sec Y X Y Z Motion in Gantry Travel Direction Motion inTrolleyTravel Direction X Y Z Motion in Gantry Travel Direction Motion in Trolley Travel Direction EQ Loads - Crane Seismic Response 1 5 2 0 One leg lifts m e n t With Tiedowns 5 1 0 M o v e m -5 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 -1 5 -1 0 Time Without Tiedowns -2 0 Response to Gantry Acceleration Acceleration Primary Mode y Shape Undeflected U de ec ed Shape Poorly-Tuned Gantry Drive Response Response Time 1T 2T 2.5T 1.5T Upper Works Sill Displacement Time 1T 2T 2.5T 1.5T Gantry Acceleration e l e r a t i o n Time 1T 2T 2.5T 1.5T A c c e e e d Upper Works Time S p e 1T 2T 25T 15T Sill Time 1T 2T 2.5T 1.5T Greatest ResponseAcceleration Ends at a Half Period, (n +0.5)T Well-Tuned Gantry Drive Response Upper Works Sill 1T 2T Displacement Time 1T 2T Gantry Acceleration m e n t Time 1T 2T D i s p l a c e m Time Upper Works p e e d Sill 1T 2T Time S p Smallest ResponseAcceleration Time is a Multiple of Crane Period, nT Field Measurement of One Crane Boom Tip Acceleration in Gantry Travel Direction 0.04 0.05 6 s Acceleration 8 A l ti 0 01 0.02 0.03 n
( g ) 8 s Acceleration -0.01 0.00 0.01 c c e l e r a t i o n -0.04 -0.03 -0.02 A c -0.05 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 Test Time (seconds) Measured Crane Response for Acceleration Times of 1.5 and 2 Times the Boom Period