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Container Crane Design

STEER March 2007 STEER March 2007


Erik Soderberg, S.E.
Lift h C lt t I Liftech Consultants Inc.
www.liftech.net
Liftech Overview
Topics
Container Crane Overview
Design Criteria
Design Considerations
Fatigue and Reliability Fatigue and Reliability
Storm Wind Loads
D i R Dynamic Response
Terminal Cross Section
Crane Operation
A-Frame
Articulated Boom
Low Profile
Operating
Stowed
Crane Size
Dual Hoist Tandem 40
Lifted Load up to 140 metric tons Lifted Load up to 140 metric tons
Triple 40 p
Typical Boom Sections
Monogirder
Twin Girder
Crane Design Criteria
Performance based design specification
No Building Code
Designed to 90% of yield for expected overloads
Proof load = 125% of rated load
Fatigue and Reliability
Fatigue and Reliability g y
1. Calculate Fatigue and Design for Specified Reliability
2. Consider Details in Series
3. Use Fatigue Tolerant Details
Damage Tolerant Design
Allowable Cumulative Damage Allowable Cumulative Damage
The allowable damage in all specifications
assumes a probability of failure of about 2.5%.
BS 7608 assumes a probability 2.3%.
This is based on:
Typical Design
t
y
0.9986
0.9773
0.8423
Reliability
R
e
l
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
0.5000
Normal Gaussian
Distribution
0.0000
Mean 2d 1d 3d
d = 1 standard deviation
PWM
Structural Details
AB
By Approved
L I F TECH CONSUL TANTS I NC.
Members in Series
RELIABILITY OF SYSTEM SHALL BE
CALCULATED BY DETERMINING THE
RELIABILITY D OF EACH LINK INCLUDING ALL
CONNECTION DETAILS, ANDCALCULATINGTHE
Structural Member
TYPICAL FORESTAY EXAMPLES
CONNECTION DETAILS, AND CALCULATING THE
RELIABILITY OF THE SYSTEM USING:
DSY STEM =DA x DB x DC DN
FOR EXAMPLE, THE RELIABILITY OF LINK A IS
D =D1 x D2 x D3 x D4 x D5 x D6 x D7 x D8
THE VALUES OF Di ARE FOUND FROM TABLE
FOR EACH Ri .
Structural Member
Reliability Consider
Details in Series
NOTICE WHEN R <0.4, D =1
AND WHEN THE CALCULATED STRESS RANGE
IS <0.74X ALLOWABLE STRESS RANGE, R <0.4.
NOTES: HOLE CLASS F MAY BE USED
FOR AVERAGE STRESS OR DETAIL
MAY BE ANALYZED USING STRESS
CONCETRATION FACTOR.
N:\Liftech\Library Resources\Cranes\Specifications\!StdSpecDocuments\ structdetl7-
11.vsd
Date Sht. of J ob No./Name S11 S11
Fatigue Tolerant Details
Acceptable
Unacceptable Circa 1965
PWM AB
By Approved
L I F T E C H C ON S U L T A N T S I N C .
Liftech
Structural Details
Liftech
Standard
S
Not Acceptable Acceptable
Structural
Details p Acceptable eta s
Avoid Edge Distance
Date Sht. of J obNo./Name
Not Acceptable Acceptable
S1 S11
PWM AB
By Approved
L I F T E C H C O N S U L T A N T S I N C .
Hold welds back 10 mm
P id li f h l
Structural Details
Provide relief holes
Not Acceptable Acceptable p p
Make plate centerlines
coincident
Date Sht. of J obNo./Name
Not Acceptable Acceptable
S2 S11
PWM AB
By Approved
L I F T E C H C O N S U L T A N T S I N C .
Structural Details
Provide relief holes to
reduce stress
PLATE b SLOTTED PLATE b SLOTTED
reduce stress
concentration and
discontinuities at ends
of let in plates of let-in plates
Date Sht. of JobNo./Name
Not Acceptable Acceptable
S3 S11
PWM AB
By Approved
L I F T E C H C O N S U L T A N T S I N C .
PWM AB
By Approved
L I F TECH CONSUL TANTS I NC.
Structural Details
Continued from Sht. S8.
Avoidance of Wrap Around Weld
Acceptable
Structural Details
See Sht. S9 for Isometric View
Avoidance of Wraparound Weld
Acceptable
PLAN
ELEVATION
Date Sht. of J obNo./Name
ISOMETRIC VIEW
S9 S11
N:\Liftech\LibraryResources\Cranes\Specifications\!StdSpecDocuments\ structdetl7-11.vsd
Date Sht. of J ob No./Name S8 S11
Connection Strength
> Member Strength > Member Strength
Kobe Earthquake
Through Thickness Joint
Requirements Requirements
Material Requirement Weld Requirement
For plates and
sections subjected to
th h thi k
O C S O G
FOR COMPONENTS
CARRYING CALCULATED
AXIAL STRESS
through thickness
stresses, the
material shall comply
with ISO 7778 Steel
FOR FCMS: THE THROUGH
THICKNESS, YIELD, DUCTILITY, AND
CVN PROPERTIES SHALL COMPLY
WITH THE REQUIREMENTS FOR IN
PLANE TENSION PLATES.
UT 100%
FILLET
SIZE t/4
BUT AT
with ISO 7778, Steel
Plate with specified
through thickness
characteristics
BUT AT
LEAST
AWS MIN. t
characteristics.
U.T. TO CHECK FOR LAMELLAR
TEARS BEFORE WELDING AND
36 HOURS AFTER WELDING.
Wind Loads
Hurricane Katrina. Source:
www.nhc.noaa.gov
Wind Tunnel Testing
Design force coefficients Design force coefficients
Dynamic response factor
Wind Tunnel Tests
Typical results
Wind Tunnel
Test
Force
Test
Liftech
E ti Equations
0 45 90 135 180
Angle of Attack
Crane Securing Components
Free Body Diagram Wind Loading Free Body Diagram Wind Loading
Ti D St Pi Tie-Down Stowage Pin
Tie-downs
Stowage Pin System
Hurricane Wind
Failures
Wharf Hardware
Wharf connection
may fail due to
improper design
and/or and/or
fabrication
Typical Failure Modes: Fabrication
Wharf tiedown anchorage: Anchor rods pulled out of wharf Wharf tiedown anchorage: Anchor rods pulled out of wharf
Dynamic Response
Design for Tipping
Design for Ductile Yielding
Design For Isolation
Isolation Between Lower Leg and Portal
Beam Beam
Liftech
Isolation Detail
Isolation Between Lower Leg and Portal Beam
Hotel in China
Summary
Container Crane Design
Considerations Considerations
STEER March 2007
This presentation is available for download
www liftech net www.liftech.net
Erik Soderberg, S.E.
Liftech Consultants Inc.
Dynamic Response
T =3.89 sec
Low Profile Study: Significant Modes for EQ Motion

T =1.39 sec
Y
X
Y
Z
Motion in Gantry Travel Direction Motion inTrolleyTravel Direction
X
Y
Z
Motion in Gantry Travel Direction Motion in Trolley Travel Direction
EQ Loads - Crane Seismic Response
1 5
2 0
One leg lifts
m
e
n
t
With Tiedowns
5
1 0
M
o
v
e
m
-5
0
0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0
-1 5
-1 0
Time
Without Tiedowns
-2 0
Response to Gantry
Acceleration Acceleration
Primary Mode y
Shape
Undeflected U de ec ed
Shape
Poorly-Tuned Gantry Drive
Response Response
Time
1T 2T 2.5T 1.5T
Upper Works
Sill
Displacement
Time
1T 2T 2.5T 1.5T
Gantry
Acceleration
e
l
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
Time
1T
2T
2.5T
1.5T
A
c
c
e
e
e
d
Upper Works
Time
S
p
e
1T
2T
25T
15T
Sill
Time
1T
2T
2.5T
1.5T
Greatest ResponseAcceleration Ends at a Half Period, (n +0.5)T
Well-Tuned Gantry Drive Response
Upper Works
Sill
1T 2T
Displacement
Time 1T 2T
Gantry
Acceleration
m
e
n
t
Time
1T 2T
D
i
s
p
l
a
c
e
m
Time
Upper Works
p
e
e
d
Sill
1T 2T
Time
S
p
Smallest ResponseAcceleration Time is a Multiple of Crane Period, nT
Field Measurement of One Crane
Boom Tip Acceleration in Gantry Travel Direction
0.04
0.05
6 s Acceleration
8 A l ti
0 01
0.02
0.03
n

(
g
)
8 s Acceleration
-0.01
0.00
0.01
c
c
e
l
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
-0.04
-0.03
-0.02 A
c
-0.05
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
40
44
48
52
56
60
64
68
72
76
80
84
88
Test Time (seconds)
Measured Crane Response for Acceleration Times of 1.5 and 2
Times the Boom Period

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