HVAC DESIGN HVAC DESIGN HVAC DESIGN HVAC DESIGN

WHAT IS HVAC ?
HVAC HVAC HVAC HVAC ( (( (heating heating heating heating, ,, , ventilation ventilation ventilation ventilation, and , and , and , and air conditioning air conditioning air conditioning air conditioning) is the technology of indoor ) is the technology of indoor ) is the technology of indoor ) is the technology of indoor
and vehicular environmental comfort. HVAC system design is a and vehicular environmental comfort. HVAC system design is a and vehicular environmental comfort. HVAC system design is a and vehicular environmental comfort. HVAC system design is a sub discipline sub discipline sub discipline sub discipline
of of of of mechanical mechanical mechanical mechanical engineering engineering engineering engineering. .. .
a) a) a) a) Heating Heating Heating Heating
The temperature out side is less than inside The temperature out side is less than inside The temperature out side is less than inside The temperature out side is less than inside
b) Ventilation b) Ventilation b) Ventilation b) Ventilation
Sending the air out from the space and /or supplying the fresh air into the Sending the air out from the space and /or supplying the fresh air into the Sending the air out from the space and /or supplying the fresh air into the Sending the air out from the space and /or supplying the fresh air into the
space . space . space . space .
c) Air conditioning c) Air conditioning c) Air conditioning c) Air conditioning
It mean a process by which the temperature,humidity,flow It mean a process by which the temperature,humidity,flow It mean a process by which the temperature,humidity,flow It mean a process by which the temperature,humidity,flow and purity of the and purity of the and purity of the and purity of the
air is controlled simultaneously to get the required conditions. air is controlled simultaneously to get the required conditions. air is controlled simultaneously to get the required conditions. air is controlled simultaneously to get the required conditions.
WHY DO WE REQUIRE AIR CONDITIONING ?
1. 1. 1. 1. To improve or control an industrial process To improve or control an industrial process To improve or control an industrial process To improve or control an industrial process
2. 2. 2. 2. To maintain human comfort To maintain human comfort To maintain human comfort To maintain human comfort
MAN A HEAT MACHINE
Food is the fuel Food is the fuel Food is the fuel Food is the fuel
Every body movement s generate heat even the blink of an eye. Every body movement s generate heat even the blink of an eye. Every body movement s generate heat even the blink of an eye. Every body movement s generate heat even the blink of an eye.
To maintain 98.6 To maintain 98.6 To maintain 98.6 To maintain 98.6 F , it reject heat F , it reject heat F , it reject heat F , it reject heat
In what way it reject heat? In what way it reject heat? In what way it reject heat? In what way it reject heat?
HEAT TRANSFER
1. 1. 1. 1. Conduction Conduction Conduction Conduction
2. 2. 2. 2. Convection Convection Convection Convection
3. 3. 3. 3. Radiation Radiation Radiation Radiation
CONDUCTION
The heat transfer due to conduction takes place if the two bodies at The heat transfer due to conduction takes place if the two bodies at The heat transfer due to conduction takes place if the two bodies at The heat transfer due to conduction takes place if the two bodies at
different temperature are in contact with each other . It is also true if a different temperature are in contact with each other . It is also true if a different temperature are in contact with each other . It is also true if a different temperature are in contact with each other . It is also true if a
substance is heated from one end , heat transfer take place to the substance is heated from one end , heat transfer take place to the substance is heated from one end , heat transfer take place to the substance is heated from one end , heat transfer take place to the
other end by conduction. other end by conduction. other end by conduction. other end by conduction.
CONVECTION
When liquid or gas is heated , expansion takes place. Due to this it becomes When liquid or gas is heated , expansion takes place. Due to this it becomes When liquid or gas is heated , expansion takes place. Due to this it becomes When liquid or gas is heated , expansion takes place. Due to this it becomes
lighter and rises up. Its place is taken by colder or dense fluid. This is a lighter and rises up. Its place is taken by colder or dense fluid. This is a lighter and rises up. Its place is taken by colder or dense fluid. This is a lighter and rises up. Its place is taken by colder or dense fluid. This is a
continuous process and thus heat transfer takes place due to these process and continuous process and thus heat transfer takes place due to these process and continuous process and thus heat transfer takes place due to these process and continuous process and thus heat transfer takes place due to these process and
heat is distributed through the mass. heat is distributed through the mass. heat is distributed through the mass. heat is distributed through the mass.
RADIATION
The heat transfer due to radiation takes place from one body to another without The heat transfer due to radiation takes place from one body to another without The heat transfer due to radiation takes place from one body to another without The heat transfer due to radiation takes place from one body to another without
effecting the medium through which heat travels. Heat flow from sun to earth effecting the medium through which heat travels. Heat flow from sun to earth effecting the medium through which heat travels. Heat flow from sun to earth effecting the medium through which heat travels. Heat flow from sun to earth
takes place in this fashion. takes place in this fashion. takes place in this fashion. takes place in this fashion.
EVAPORATION
Evaporation Evaporation Evaporation Evaporation is the process by which water is converted from its liquid is the process by which water is converted from its liquid is the process by which water is converted from its liquid is the process by which water is converted from its liquid
form to its form to its form to its form to its vapour vapour vapour vapour form and thus transferred from land and water form and thus transferred from land and water form and thus transferred from land and water form and thus transferred from land and water
masses to the atmosphere masses to the atmosphere masses to the atmosphere masses to the atmosphere. . . . Evaporation Evaporation Evaporation Evaporation of sweat from the skin surface of sweat from the skin surface of sweat from the skin surface of sweat from the skin surface
has a cooling effect due to the has a cooling effect due to the has a cooling effect due to the has a cooling effect due to the evaporation evaporation evaporation evaporation of water. of water. of water. of water.
T TT The he he he rate of evaporation depends upon: rate of evaporation depends upon: rate of evaporation depends upon: rate of evaporation depends upon:
Wind speed Wind speed Wind speed Wind speed: the higher the wind speed, the more : the higher the wind speed, the more : the higher the wind speed, the more : the higher the wind speed, the more evaporation evaporation evaporation evaporation
Temperature Temperature Temperature Temperature: the higher the temperature, the more : the higher the temperature, the more : the higher the temperature, the more : the higher the temperature, the more evaporation evaporation evaporation evaporation
Humidity Humidity Humidity Humidity: the lower the humidity, the more evaporation : the lower the humidity, the more evaporation : the lower the humidity, the more evaporation : the lower the humidity, the more evaporation
HUMIDITY
Humidity Humidity Humidity Humidity is the amount of is the amount of is the amount of is the amount of water water water water vapour vapour vapour vapour (moisture) (moisture) (moisture) (moisture) in the in the in the in the air air air air. Water . Water . Water . Water
vapour vapour vapour vapour is the gas phase of water and is is the gas phase of water and is is the gas phase of water and is is the gas phase of water and is invisible. Humidity invisible. Humidity invisible. Humidity invisible. Humidity indicates the indicates the indicates the indicates the
likelihood likelihood likelihood likelihood of of of of precipitation precipitation precipitation precipitation, ,, , dew dew dew dew, or , or , or , or fog fog fog fog. Higher humidity reduces the . Higher humidity reduces the . Higher humidity reduces the . Higher humidity reduces the
effectiveness of effectiveness of effectiveness of effectiveness of sweating sweating sweating sweating in cooling the body by reducing the rate in cooling the body by reducing the rate in cooling the body by reducing the rate in cooling the body by reducing the rate
of of of of evaporation evaporation evaporation evaporation of moisture from the skin. This effect is calculated in of moisture from the skin. This effect is calculated in of moisture from the skin. This effect is calculated in of moisture from the skin. This effect is calculated in
a aa a heat index heat index heat index heat index table, used during summer weather. table, used during summer weather. table, used during summer weather. table, used during summer weather.
RELATIVE HUMIDITY (RH)
It is the ratio of the actual moisture present in the air to the maximum moisture It is the ratio of the actual moisture present in the air to the maximum moisture It is the ratio of the actual moisture present in the air to the maximum moisture It is the ratio of the actual moisture present in the air to the maximum moisture
the air can hold in a particular temperature. the air can hold in a particular temperature. the air can hold in a particular temperature. the air can hold in a particular temperature.
Convection , radiation and evaporation Convection , radiation and evaporation Convection , radiation and evaporation Convection , radiation and evaporation
All the 3 methods normally used at the same time All the 3 methods normally used at the same time All the 3 methods normally used at the same time All the 3 methods normally used at the same time
All three methods gives off excess heat All three methods gives off excess heat All three methods gives off excess heat All three methods gives off excess heat
One method do more and other may do less One method do more and other may do less One method do more and other may do less One method do more and other may do less
Depending on the surrounding conditions. Depending on the surrounding conditions. Depending on the surrounding conditions. Depending on the surrounding conditions.
What are the surrounding conditions? What are the surrounding conditions? What are the surrounding conditions? What are the surrounding conditions?
1. 1. 1. 1. Temperature Temperature Temperature Temperature
2. 2. 2. 2. Relative humidity Relative humidity Relative humidity Relative humidity
3. 3. 3. 3. Air motion Air motion Air motion Air motion
Change in each of this surrounding condition will speed up or slow down the heat Change in each of this surrounding condition will speed up or slow down the heat Change in each of this surrounding condition will speed up or slow down the heat Change in each of this surrounding condition will speed up or slow down the heat
rejection or gain. rejection or gain. rejection or gain. rejection or gain.
COMFORT ZONE FOR HUMAN BEINGS
What is the best temperature in which all will feel comfort? What is the best temperature in which all will feel comfort? What is the best temperature in which all will feel comfort? What is the best temperature in which all will feel comfort?
22 22 22 22- -- -26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 c cc c
What is the best relative humidity which gives you comfort? What is the best relative humidity which gives you comfort? What is the best relative humidity which gives you comfort? What is the best relative humidity which gives you comfort?
30 30 30 30- -- -70 % 70 % 70 % 70 %
OUTSIDE AND INSIDE
A man in outdoor A man in outdoor A man in outdoor A man in outdoor- -- - using clothes to control the body temperature using clothes to control the body temperature using clothes to control the body temperature using clothes to control the body temperature
A man in indoor A man in indoor A man in indoor A man in indoor- -- - we can control his comfort we can control his comfort we can control his comfort we can control his comfort
How How How How
By means of HVAC By means of HVAC By means of HVAC By means of HVAC
OPENING IN THE FIELD OF HVAC
Marketing Marketing Marketing Marketing
Design Design Design Design
Installation Installation Installation Installation
Maintenance Maintenance Maintenance Maintenance
FUNDAMENTALS
The The The The purpose of air conditioning is to create a purpose of air conditioning is to create a purpose of air conditioning is to create a purpose of air conditioning is to create a room room room room climate comfortable climate comfortable climate comfortable climate comfortable
for for for for people. While people. While people. While people. While the temperature should be between the temperature should be between the temperature should be between the temperature should be between 20 20 20 20 and 26 and 26 and 26 and 26 C, a C, a C, a C, a
relative humidity between relative humidity between relative humidity between relative humidity between 30 30 30 30 and 65 % is permitted. and 65 % is permitted. and 65 % is permitted. and 65 % is permitted.
SENSIBLE HEAT (SH)
When a substance is heated and the temperature rises as the heat is added, the increase When a substance is heated and the temperature rises as the heat is added, the increase When a substance is heated and the temperature rises as the heat is added, the increase When a substance is heated and the temperature rises as the heat is added, the increase
in heat is called sensible heat. Similarly , when heat is removed from a substance and in heat is called sensible heat. Similarly , when heat is removed from a substance and in heat is called sensible heat. Similarly , when heat is removed from a substance and in heat is called sensible heat. Similarly , when heat is removed from a substance and
the temperature falls, the heat removed is called sensible heat. In this case the state the temperature falls, the heat removed is called sensible heat. In this case the state the temperature falls, the heat removed is called sensible heat. In this case the state the temperature falls, the heat removed is called sensible heat. In this case the state
of substance is unchanged. of substance is unchanged. of substance is unchanged. of substance is unchanged. Eg Eg Eg Eg. The heat absorbed in heating of water . The heat absorbed in heating of water . The heat absorbed in heating of water . The heat absorbed in heating of water upto upto upto upto the boiling the boiling the boiling the boiling
temperature is the sensible heat. temperature is the sensible heat. temperature is the sensible heat. temperature is the sensible heat.
SH = weight x specific heat x temp. difference SH = weight x specific heat x temp. difference SH = weight x specific heat x temp. difference SH = weight x specific heat x temp. difference
100kg potato have temperature is 25 100kg potato have temperature is 25 100kg potato have temperature is 25 100kg potato have temperature is 25 C. how much heat required to remove from C. how much heat required to remove from C. how much heat required to remove from C. how much heat required to remove from
potato to reduce it temperature 5 potato to reduce it temperature 5 potato to reduce it temperature 5 potato to reduce it temperature 5 C. C. C. C.
Specific heat of potato = 0.86 Specific heat of potato = 0.86 Specific heat of potato = 0.86 Specific heat of potato = 0.86
Weight = 100 kg Weight = 100 kg Weight = 100 kg Weight = 100 kg
Temp. differ. = 25 Temp. differ. = 25 Temp. differ. = 25 Temp. differ. = 25- -- -5 = 20 5 = 20 5 = 20 5 = 20
SH = 100x0.86x20 = 1720 k cal. SH = 100x0.86x20 = 1720 k cal. SH = 100x0.86x20 = 1720 k cal. SH = 100x0.86x20 = 1720 k cal.