1

ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS
1. At a distance of 34 feet from the base of a flag pole, the angle of elevation to the top of a flag that is
5.1 feet tall is 48.6
o
. The angle of elevation to the bottom of the flag is 44.6
o
. The pole extends 1
foot above the flag. Find the height of the pole, in feet.
Solution:
Height of the pole = 1 + 34 x tan 48.6 = 39.6 ft (B)

2. 25 trees are planted in a straight line 5 metres apart from each other. To water them the gardener
must bring water for each tree separately from a well 10 metres from the first tree in line with the
trees. How far will he move in order to water all the trees beginning with the first if he starts from
the well?
Solution:
a
1
= 10 m
d = 5 m
n = 25
a
25
= a
1
+ (n-1)d
a
25
= 10 + (25-1)(5) = 130 m
Sum = (n/2)(a1 + a25) = (25/2)(10 + 130) = 1750 m
Distance moved = 2 x 1750 130 = 3370 m
3. A bag contains 26 tiles, each marked with a different letter of the alphabet. What is the probability
of being able to spell the word math with four randomly selected tiles that are taken from the bag
all at the same time?
Solution:
Probability = 1 /
26
P
4
= 1/14950

4. Serial numbers for a product are to be made using four letters (using any letter of the alphabet)
followed by three single-digit numbers. For example, JDGR209 is one such serial number. How many
such serial numbers are possible if neither letters nor numbers can be repeated?
Solution:
26*25*24*23*10*9*8=258,336,000

2

5. What is the differential equation of parabolas having their foci at the origin and axes along the x-
axis?
Solution:
( ) a x a y + = 4
2

a y y 4 2 =
2
y y
a

=

=
2 2
4
2
y y
x
y y
y

=
2 2
4
2
y y
x
y y
y
( ) y y x y y + = 2


6. Find the volume of a prism whose base is an equilateral triangle with a side of 4 and whose length is
6.
Solution:
Area of triangle = ( ) 3 4 12 2 2 4 4
2
1
2 2
= =
Volume = ( ) 3 24 3 4 6 =

7. If f(a) = 2, f(a) = 1, g(a) = -1, g(a) = 2, then the value of
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
a x
x f a g a f x g
a x

lim is ___.
Solution:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
a x
x f a g a f x g
a x

lim

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1
lim
x f a g a f x g
a x

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) a f a g a f a g

( )( ) ( )( ) 5 1 1 2 2 =

3


MACHINE DESIGN
1. A shaft revolving at 1740 rpm is supported by a bearing with a length of 105 mm and a diameter of
64 mm. If the load is light and SAE Oil No. 20 is used with an average temperature of 65 C and
diametral clearance Is 0.136 mm., what would be the loss of power due to friction? Express your
answer in kW? = 2.4 x 10
-6
reyns.
Solution:
Petroffs equation
lb in
c
Ln r
T
r
s
f
=
3 2
4

in mm
D
r 25984 1 32
2
64
2
. = = = =
in mm L 13386 4 105 . = =
rps n
s
29
60
1740
= =
in mm
c
c
d
r
002677 0 068 0
2
136 0
2
. .
.
= = = =
( ) ( ) ( )( )
lb in T
f

002677 0
29 13386 4 25984 1 10 4 2 4
3 2 6
.
. . .

lb in T
f
= 48443 8.
( )( )
hp
n T
P
f
f
23433 0
000 63
1740 48443 8
000 63
.
,
.
,
= = =
( )( ) kW hp kW hp P
f
1748 0 746 0 23433 0 . . . = =


2. A steam boiler, 1.2 metre in diameter, generates steam at a gauge pressure of 0.7 N/mm
2
. Assuming
the efficiency of the riveted joints as 75% , find the thickness of the shell. Given that ultimate tensile
stress = 385 MPa and factor of safety = 5.
Solution:
D = 1.2 m = 1200 mm
p = 0.7 N/mm
2

= 0.75
N = 5

u
= 385 MPa = 385 N/mm
2


4

t
pD
N
u
d
2
= =
( )( )
( ) 75 . 0 2
1200 7 . 0
5
385
t
=
mm t 27 . 7 = (answer)
3. The lead screw of a lathe has square threads of 24 mm outside diameter and 5 mm pitch. In order to
drive the tool carriage, the screw exerts an axial pressure of 2.5 kN. Find the efficiency of the screw,
if it is to rotate at 30 r.p.m. Neglect bearing friction. Assume coefficient of friction of screw threads
as 0.12.
Solution:
D
o
= 24 mm
p = 5 mm
W = 2.5 kN
N = 30 rpm
f = 0.12
mm
p
D D
o m
5 . 21
2
5
24
2
= = =
( ) 5 . 21
5
tan

= =
m
D
p

o
2336 . 4 =
12 . 0 tan = = f
o
8428 . 6 =
Efficiency
( )
( )
( )
3781 . 0
8428 . 6 2336 . 4 tan
2336 . 4 tan
tan
tan
=
+
=
+
=

% 81 . 37 = (answer)
4. The ram of a hydraulic press 200 mm internal diameter is subjected to an internal pressure of 10
N/mm
2
. If the maximum stress in the material of the wall is not to exceed 28 MPa, find the external
diameter.
Solution:
D = 200 mm
p = 10 N/mm
2

d
= 28 MPa = 28 N/mm
2

+
+
= 1
2 p
p D
t
t
t

+
= 1
10 28
10 28
2
200
t
mm t 3 . 45 =
( ) mm t D D
o
6 . 290 3 . 45 2 200 2 = + = + = (answer)

5

5. A flat spiral steel spring is to give a maximum torque of 1500 N-mm for a maximum stress of 1000
MPa. Find the thickness and length of the spring to give three complete turns of motion, when the
stress decreases from 1000 to zero. The width of the spring strip is 12 mm. The Youngs modulus for
the material of the strip is 200 kN/mm
2
.
Solution:
M = T
max
= 1500 N-mm

b
= 1000 MPa
b = 12 mm
E = 200 kN/mm
2
= 200,000 N/mm
2

= 3 turns = 6 radians
2
12
bt
M
b
=
( )
2
12
1500 12
1000
t
=
mm t 225 . 1 = (answer)

3
12
Ebt
ML
=
( )
( )( )( )
3
225 . 1 12 000 , 200
1500 12
6
L
=
m mm L 62 . 4 4620 = = (answer)

6. The bus bar in a power-generating station consists of a - by 2-in. copper bar rigidly anchored at 3-ft
intervals. Power is transmitted over this bus bar at 2,300 volts, and the resistance causes the
temperature to rise to 160 F when the room temperature is 80 F. The ultimate strength of the
copper is 36,000 psi, and the coefficient of thermal expansion is 0.0000109 in./(in.)(F). What change
in stress is caused by the operation of the plant?
Solution:
t = 160 80 = 80 F
E = 17 x 10
6
psi
E
L
s
E
L
A
F
t L =

= =
( )( )( ) 60 180 10 30 0000109 . 0
6
= = t E s
psi s 160 , 26 = (answer)
7. Determine the diameter of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder of 100 mm bore when the
maximum hydraulic pressure in the cylinder is limited to 14 N/mm
2
. The length of the piston rod is
1.2 m. The factor of safety may be taken as 5 and the end fixity coefficient as 2.

Solution:
p = 14 N/mm
2

L= 1.2 m = 1200 mm
N = 5
C = 2
E = 210,000 N/mm
2

6

2
2
L
EI C
W
cr

=
4
64
D I

=
( ) ( ) N pA F 956 , 109 100
4
14
2
=

= =



( ) N NF W
cr
780 , 549 956 , 109 5 = = =
( )( ) ( )
( )
2
4 2
1200
64
000 , 210 2
780 , 549
D

mm D 4 . 44 = (answer)

THERMODYNAMICS
1. There are withdrawn 200 ft
3
of air measured at 15 psia and 90 F from a 50-ft
3
tank containing air
initially at 100 psia and 140 F. What is the pressure of the air remaining in the tank if its temperature
is 130 F?
Solution:
psia p
i
100 = , R T
i
600 460 140 = + = ,
3
50 ft V
i
=
psia p
w
15 = , R T
w
550 460 90 = + = ,
3
200 ft V
w
=
R T
r
590 460 130 = + = ,
3
50 ft V
r
=
i
i i
i
RT
V p
m = ,
w
w w
w
RT
V p
m = ,
r
r r
r
RT
V p
m =
r w i
m m m =
r
r r
w
w w
i
i i
RT
V p
RT
V p
RT
V p
=
r
r r
w
w w
i
i i
T
V p
T
V p
T
V p
=
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )
590
50
550
200 15
600
50 100
r
p
=
psia p
r
34 = - Answer
2. Air enters a compressor operating at steady state with a pressure of 14.7 lbf/in.
2
and a volumetric
flow rate of 8 ft
3
/s. The air velocity in the exit pipe is 225 ft/s and the exit pressure is 150 lbf/in.
2
If
each unit mass of air passing from inlet to exit undergoes a process described by pV
1.3
= constant,
determine the diameter of the exit pipe, in inches.
Solution:
p
1
= 14.7 psia
V
1
= 8 ft
3
/s
v
2
= 225 ft/s
p
2
= 150 psia
n = 1.3
7

n n
V p V p
2 2 1 1
=
( )( ) ( )
3 . 1
2
3 . 1
150 8 7 . 14 V =
s m V
3
2
34 . 1 =
2 2
Av V =
( ) 225
4
34 . 1
2
d

=
in ft d 044 . 1 087 . 0 = = (answer)

3. Air enters a compressor operating at steady state at 1.05 bar, 300 K, with a volumetric flow rate of
12 m
3
/min and exits at 12 bar, 400 K. Heat transfer occurs at a rate of 2 kW from the compressor to
its surroundings. Assuming the ideal gas model for air and neglecting kinetic and potential energy
effects, determine the power input, in kW.
Solution:
p
1
= 1.05 bar = 105 kPa
T
1
= 300 K
V
1
= 12 m
3
/min
p
2
= 12 bar
T
2
= 400 K
q
loss
= 2 kW
( )( )
( )( )
s kg
RT
V p
m 2439 . 0
60 300 287 . 0
12 105
1
1 1
= = =
( )
1 2
T T mc mq W
p loss
+ =
( )( ) 300 400 0 . 1 2439 . 0 2 + = W
kW W 39 . 26 = (answer)
4. Air enters a compressor operating at steady state with a pressure of 14.7 lbf/in.
2
, a temperature of
80
o
F, and a volumetric flow rate of 18 ft
3
/s. The air exits the compressor at a pressure of 90 lbf/in.
2

Heat transfer from the compressor to its surroundings occurs at a rate of 9.7 Btu per lb of air
flowing. The compressor power input is 90 hp. Neglecting kinetic and potential energy effects and
modeling air as an ideal gas, determine the exit temperature, in
o
F.
Solution:
q = 9.7 Btu/lb
p
1
= 14.7 psia
T
1
= 80 + 460 = 540 F
V
1
= 18 ft
3
/s
p
2
= 90 psia
W = 90 hp x 2544 Btu/hp-hr = 228,960 Btu/hr
( )
1 2
T T mc mq W
p loss
+ =
( )( )( )
( )
s lb
RT
V p
m 3228 . 1
540 34 . 53
18 144 7 . 14
1
1 1
= = =
( )( ) ( )( )( ) 80 24 . 0 3228 . 1 7 . 9 3228 . 1
3600
960 , 228
2
+ = t
F t 240
2
= (answer)
8

5. Air is compressed at steady state from 1 bar, 300 K, to 6 bar with a mass flow rate of 4 kg/s. Each
unit of mass passing from inlet to exit undergoes a process described by pV
1.27
= constant. Heat
transfer occurs at a rate of 46.95 kJ per kg of air flowing to cooling water circulating in a water jacket
enclosing the compressor. If kinetic and potential energy changes of the air from inlet to exit are
negligible, determine the compressor power, in kW.


Solution:
p
1
= 1 bar = 100 kPa
T
1
= 300 K
m = 4 kg/s
p
2
= 6 bar
q
loss
= 46.95 kJ/kg
n = 1.27
( )
1 2
T T mc mq W
p loss
+ =
n
n
p
p
T
T
1
1
2
1
2

=

27 . 1
1 27 . 1
2
1
6
300

=
T

K T 09 . 439
2
=

( ) [ ] 300 09 . 439 0 . 1 95 . 46 4 + = W

kW W 16 . 744 = (answer)
6. A refrigeration system operating on the reversed Carnot cycle rejects 5800 kJ/min. The minimum
and maximum temperatures are 250 K and 345 K, respectively. Find the available part of the heat
rejected for a sink temperature of 5
o
C in kJ/min.
Solution:
Q
R
= 5800 kJ/min
T
h
= 345 K
T
l
= 250 K
T
o
= 5 + 273 = 278 K
Available Part of Energy Rejected

h
R
o R o R
T
Q
T Q S T Q E A = = . .


min 4 . 126 , 1
345
278
1 5800 1 . . kJ
T
T
Q E A
h
o
R
=

=

7. Five kmols of air initially at one atmosphere and 299 K are compressed isothermally to 8
atmospheres. How much total heat is removed during the compression?
a. 25,846.3 kJ
9

b. 28,922.9 kJ
c. 39,345.6 kJ
d. 44,680.9 kJ
Solution:

=
2
1
p
p
nRT Q ln
( ) ( )

=
atm
atm
K
K kmol
kJ
kmol Q
8
1
299 314 8 5 ln .
kJ Q 27 846 25 . , = (a)