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ENGLISH

Created by :
Ni Komang Mira Yanti (P07134012031)











KEMENTERIAN KESEHATAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA
POLITEKNIK KESEHATAN DENPASAR
JURUSAN ANALIS KESEHATAN
2013



DOWN SYNDROME

1. Definition
Down syndrome, or Down's syndrome (primarily in the United Kingdom), Trisomy 21,
or Trisomy G, is a chromosomal disorder caused by the presence of all or part of an extra
21st chromosome. It is named after John Langdon Down, the British physician who
described the syndrome in 1866. The disorder was identified as a chromosome 21 trisomy
by Jerome Lejeune in 1959. The condition is characterized by a combination of major
and minor differences in structure. Often Down syndrome is associated with some
impairment of cognitive ability and physical growth, and a particular set of facial
characteristics. Down syndrome in a foetus can be identified with amniocentesis during
pregnancy or in a baby at birth.
2. Characteristics Of Down Syndrome
A. Hand and facial characteristics
Flattened back of head
Attractive Almond-shaped eyes, with one eye lid a little droopy
Slightly flattened bridge across nose
Smallish ears, positioned slightly lower on the head, with a small fold at the top of the
ear
Smallish mouth
Slightly protruding tongue
Horizontal crease in palm of hand
Slightly shortened fingers
The little finger curves inward
B. Foot characteristics
Slightly enlarged gap between big and second toes
Slightly shortened toes
Also, in the newborns that have to have open-heart surgery, a chest scar becomes a
common Down Syndrome characteristic.
3. Foster Independence in People with Down Syndrome
By fostering the creativity of people with Down Syndrome
By removing barriers and pushing boundaries
By fostering early learning skills
By encouraging them to develop friendships
4. Provide Independence for People with Down Syndrome
We can provide independence by:
Giving them access to education including special education facilities where deemed
appropriate
Health treatment
Accommodation
Treating the person, not the disability

REFERENCE
Lubec G, Engidawork E. The brain in Down syndrome (TRISOMY 21). J Neurol. 2002 .
Available in URL Hyperlink : http://www.intellectualdisability.info/changing-
values/history-of-downs-syndrome.
Zigman WB, Lott IT. Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome: neurobiology and risk. Ment Retard Dev
Disabil Res Rev. 2007. Available in URL Hyperlink :
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_syndrome.

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