CHEM131 - Spring 14 - May 6

Lecture May 6
1
! Hour Exam III !
Thursday May 8
Looking ahead: Final Exam Friday, May 16
at 10:30 HERE!
Study Guide for exam posted
CHEM131 - Spring 14 - May 6
Na
2
HPO
4
2
HPO
4
2-
(aq) + H
2
O(l) H
2
PO
4
-
(aq) + OH
-
(aq)
K
b
= K
w
/K
a2
= (1.00x10
-14
)/(6.32x10
-8
) =
1.6 x 10
-7
compared to
HPO
4
2-
(aq) + H
2
O(l) PO
4
3-
(aq) + H
3
O
+
(aq)
K
a3
= 4.5 x 10
-11
Solution is basic
Can do the same for NaH
2
PO
4
in water
CHEM131 - Spring 14 - May 6
Why are the salts of strong acids
and bases Neutral?
3
See Figure 15.12
Strong Acid HCl
HCl(aq) + H
2
O(l) ! H
3
O
+
(aq) + Cl
-
(aq)
acid
conjugate base -
neutral
Strong Base
{KOH(aq) ! K
+
(aq) + OH
-
(aq)}
OH
-
(aq) + H
2
O(l) ! H
2
O(l) + OH
-
(aq)
conjugate acid -
neutral
base
CHEM131 - Spring 14 - May 6
Conversion between
K
P
and K
C
4
CO(g) + Cl
2
(g) COCl
2
(g)
K
C
= 255 at 1000K
What is K
P
for this reaction?
K
C
= [COCl
2
]/[CO][Cl
2
] PV = nRT
[ ] = n/V = P/RT
K
C
= K
P
(RT)
K
P
= 255/(.08206)(1000) = 3.02
CHEM131 - Spring 14 - May 6
Calculating K
net
5
What is the K
net
for the dissolution of
Mg(OH)
2
in an acid solution?
Two equilibrium reactions
1) Mg(OH)
2
(s) Mg
2+
(aq) + 2 OH
-
(aq)
2) {H
3
O
+
(aq) + OH
-
(aq) 2H
2
O(l)} x2
K
sp
(1/K
w
)
2
Want:
Mg(OH)
2
(s) + 2 H
3
O
+
(aq) Mg
2+
(aq) + 4 H
2
O(l)
K
net
= K
sp
/K
w
2
= (2.06 x 10
-13
)/(1.0 x 10
-14
)
2
=
2.1 x 10
15
!!!
Mg(OH)
2
dissolves in acids
CHEM131 - Spring 14 - May 6
Review
6
Chapter 5: Gases Sec. 5.4-5.6
Units of pressure - atm, torr, mm Hg
PV = nRT, density of a gas, molar mass,
concentration n/V=P/RT
Daltons law of partial pressures - use in chemical
reactions: partial pressure of (a)
= pressure of (a)/total pressure
proportional mole fraction
Note: You will be given the value of the gas
constant R = 0.08206 L-atm/(mol-K)
CHEM131 - Spring 14 - May 6
Chapter 6
7
Chapter 6: Thermochemistry (+ Chap. 11 Sec. 11.6, 11.7 and p. 472)
the sign of !H for endothermic and exothermic processes
q = C m !T, use to find the change in enthalpy (!H) for a reaction (-q)
Be able to calculate the heat absorbed or emitted during a phase change
using the !H
fusion
and !H
vaporization
Put this all together in calculating a heating or cooling curve (as in Fig.
11.36)
Calculate the change in enthalpy (!H) for a reaction using chemical
reactions and their associated !H values (Hesss Law).
Calculate the !H for a reaction under standard conditions using the
standard heats of formation (!H
f
): !H reaction = "!H
f
(products) -
"!H
f
(reactants)
CHEM131 - Spring 14 - May 6
Chapter 14 - Equilibrium
8
Write the equilibrium constant expression for a given chemical
reaction.
Write the expression for the reaction quotient Q and understand
what this tells you about which way a reaction will proceed to
achieve equilibrium by comparing it to K.
Calculate the value of K
C
(or K
P
) for a reaction given the
amounts of the products and/or reactants at equilibrium and
convert between K
P
and K
C
using PV=nRT.
Calculate the equilibrium concentrations of all the relevant
chemical species from the equilibrium constant (the ICE table).
Combine equilibrium constants for different reactions to get the
K
net
for a new reaction - pp. 620-622 Rules for manipulating Ks.
LeChateliers Principle: how the following affect the direction a
reaction will go to reestablish equilibrium once it has been
disturbed by temperature change, adding or subtracting a reactant
or product, or changing the volume of the system.
CHEM131 - Spring 14 - May 6
Chapter 15 - Acids and Bases
9
Identify strong acids and strong bases (See Table 4.2)
Bronsted-Lowry definition of acid as a proton (H
+
) donor and base as
a proton acceptor
Calculate the pH, pOH (or inversely the [H
3
O
+
] and [OH
-
]) for a
strong acid or base.
Identify the acid, base and the conjugate acid and conjugate base in an
acid-base reaction
Write the chemical equations and the expressions for K
a
and K
b
for an
acid in water, a base in water (both weak and strong) and salts of weak
acids and weak bases.
Determine whether an aqueous solution will be acidic, basic or
neutral.
Polyprotic and amphiprotic species: write the appropriate equilibrium
reaction in aqueous solution and whether aqueous solutions will be
acidic, basic or neutral.
CHEM131 - Spring 14 - May 6
Continued
10
Calculate the K
a
or K
b
of a salt of a weak acid or base from the
relationship K
a
K
b
= K
w
. Know the value of K
w
= 1.00 x 10
-14
.
Calculate the pH of salts of weak acids and bases.
Calculate the K
a
or K
b
given either the pH or pOH of a solution of known
concentration or the % dissociation of the acid or base.
Calculate the pH, pOH, % dissociation of a weak acid or weak base
solution of a given concentration knowing the K
a
or K
b
.
CHEM131 - Spring 14 - May 6
Quiz of the Day
11
The reaction
N
2
O
4
(g) 2NO
2
(g)
has a K
P
=21.0 at 500. K
What is the K
C
for this reaction at 500. K?
Answer: 0.512