1

VIN THNG TP.HCM

MNG FTTx (B SUNG)
2
VIN THNG TP.HCM
NI DUNG:
Tng quan v FTTx
K thut trin khai mng
Cc dch v trn mng FTTx
Xu hng pht trin
MNG FTTx
3
VIN THNG TP.HCM
TNG QUAN
MNG FTTx
4
VIN THNG TP.HCM
1. Khi nim c bn FTTx:
C th nh ngha FTTx (Fiber To The x) l mt thut ng c s
dng cp n mt kin trc mng cp quang c ng dng kt
ni truyn thng v vin thng; thay th tt c hay mt phn cp kim
loi thng thng dng chng cui ca mng vin thng.
Thut ng chung ny bt ngun t vi m hnh mng trin khai cp
si quang FTTN, FTTC, FTTB, FTTH, FTTP, tt c bt u bng
FTT nhng kt thc bi cc k t khc nhau, c thay th bng x
mang tnh cht tng qut ha.
TNG QUAN MNG FTTx
5
VIN THNG TP.HCM
2. Loi hnh FTTx:
FTTX c phn thnh cc loi hnh sau:
2.1. Cu hnh dng im - im (Point to Point):
CO
Hnh 1: loi hnh dng im - im
TNG QUAN MNG FTTx
6
VIN THNG TP.HCM
T trung tm chuyn mch CO (Center Office) thit lp mt ng
truyn dn bng cp quang ti tn nh khch hng.
Phng n ny phn ra lm 02 loi:
- Loi 1: Kt ni vo h thng IP-DSLAM bng vic lp thm 1 card
m rng h thng IP-DSLAM.
- Loi 2: Lp thm Ethernet Switches layer 2 ti nh cung cp
chuyn i thnh tn hiu quang cp cho khch hng.
TNG QUAN MNG FTTx
7
VIN THNG TP.HCM
u im cu hnh im - im:
Cu hnh n gin.
D lp t.
Thit b c gi thnh r, c th tn dng vt t - thit b hin c.
Khng cn o to chuyn su.
c bit c u th trong giai on u pht trin mng FTTx.
Khuyt im:
Chi ph d n cao v cu hnh 1 cp si cho 1 khch hng.
Khi s lng thu bao tng ln, kin trc ny khng cn ph hp
na bi vic qun l ng truyn vt l cp quang s rt phc
tp v tn km.
TNG QUAN MNG FTTx
8
VIN THNG TP.HCM
2.2. Cu hnh dng im - a im(Point to Multipoints): 2 dng:
Mng hnh sao tch cc:
Mng hnh sao th ng:
Hnh 2: Cu hnh dng im - a im (hnh sao tch cc)
CO
Hnh 3: loi hnh dng im - a im (hnh sao th ng)
CO
TNG QUAN MNG FTTx
9
VIN THNG TP.HCM
Ti CO lp t mt thit b lm vic theo chun PON, cn gi l
thit b u cui knh quang OLT (Optical Line Terminal). T
OLT tn hiu quang s c chia ra thng qua cc b chia quang
(Spliter) truyn n pha thit b khch hng.
TNG QUAN MNG FTTx
10
VIN THNG TP.HCM
u im cu hnh im - a im:
Tiu chun ha.
Nng lc s dng cao.
Kin trc n gin.
D qun l.
Thun li pht trin s lng nhiu thu bao cho mt khu vc.
Kin trc ny rt ph hp c s dng trong giai on pht trin
ca h thng FTTH.
Khuyt im:
Gi thnh thit b u cui, vt t cao.
Chi ph u t, vn hnh v bo dng mng cao.
T chc o to chuyn su cho cc n v thc hin.
TNG QUAN MNG FTTx
11
VIN THNG TP.HCM
Hnh 4: Cc loi hnh mng FTTx
TNG QUAN MNG FTTx
12
VIN THNG TP.HCM
3. Cu trc mng FTTx:
FTTC (Fiber To The Curb): tng t nh mng HFC (Hybrid fibre-
coaxial). T CO cp si quang c dn ti t phn phi t trn va
h (curb)/ l ng (FTTK-Kerb), ngoi ra cn c gi l FTTP- cp
quang n ct treo cp (Pole), t t n u cui thit b trong phm vi
300m c th s dng mng cp ng hin hu.
FTTN (Fiber To The Node): cp si quang c dn ti im nt
(Node)/ khu ln cn (Neighborhood), ngoi ra cn c gi FTTCab-
cp quang n t cp (Cabinet). Tng t nh FTTC, nhng khong
cch t Node ti khu vc khch hng th xa hn.
TNG QUAN MNG FTTx
13
VIN THNG TP.HCM
FTTB/FTTO (Fiber To The Building/Office): c cu trc tng t
nhau v gn ging vi FTTC. im khc bit gia chng l
FTTB v FTTO c thit b u cui quang t rt gn vi thu
bao (khong vi chc mt), ngha l cp si quang c dn ti
phng my trung tm ca ta nh cao tng, t thng qua phng
tin chuyn i (quang-in) u ni ti tng ngi s dng ring
bit.
FTTH (Fiber To The Home): l mt dng hon ton khc, cp si
quang c ko ti tn thit b u cui ca thu bao.
TNG QUAN MNG FTTx
14
VIN THNG TP.HCM
Cp quang Cp kim loi
Hnh 5a: Cc m hnh mng FTTx
TNG QUAN MNG FTTx
15
VIN THNG TP.HCM
Hnh 5b: Cc gii php trin khai mng FTTx
TNG QUAN MNG FTTx
16
VIN THNG TP.HCM
Hnh 5c: M hnh ng dng trin khai trn mng PON-FTTx ti VTTP
TNG QUAN MNG FTTx
17
VIN THNG TP.HCM
3.1. FTTH
i vi dch v Internet FTTH l dch v truy nhp Internet siu tc
thng qua mng truy nhp quang FTTx. y l cng ngh kt ni bng
rng hin i vi ng truyn dn bng cp quang, tn hiu c truyn
di dng nh sng i qua si quang, kt ni dch v t nh cung cp n
tn nh khch hng.
Nhng tin b nhanh chng trong lnh vc k thut thu pht trn ng
truyn dn cp si quang m ra mt tim nng ln trong vic pht trin
h tng FTTH. FTTH c xem nh mt gii php hon ho thay th
mng cp ng hin ti nhm cung cp cc dch v triple play tc
cao, bao gm: thoi, hnh nh, truy cp d liu v cc ng dng khc i
hi bng thng ln.
TNG QUAN MNG FTTx
18
VIN THNG TP.HCM
Hnh 6a: Mt s ng dng trin khai trn FTTH
TNG QUAN MNG FTTx
19
VIN THNG TP.HCM
M hnh kt ni FTTH: ng dng cho trin khai u cui ONT.
- Cp quang ko n nh khch hng v trin khai lp t ONT.
- Cc ONT hin hu h tr ti a 04 cng FE/GE in v/hoc 02 giao
tip POTS m bo trin khai cung cp dch v triple-play.
- Mng cp nh khch hng bao gm cp ng v cp mng CAT5 sn
c hay ko mi.
- Dch v Internet: PC khch hng kt ni trc tip (hay qua mng nh
khch hng) n cng FE/GE in ca ONT, d kin trin khai phng
php xc thc PPPoE da Circuit-ID (08 thng s) v p dng cc gi
cc FiberVNN ang s dng cho thu bao FTTH.
- Dch v IPTV: trin khai STB kt ni n cng FE/GE in ca ONT,
d kin trin khai dch v IPTV ca VASC v Digicom.
- Dch v VoIP: my in thoi POTS kt ni n ONT qua i dy cp
ng. Cng ngh VoIP da SIP/H.248, d kin dng dch v VoIP
cung cp t IMS ca Tp on s trin khai sp ti.
TNG QUAN MNG FTTx
20
VIN THNG TP.HCM
Hnh 6b: M hnh FTTH ng dng cho trin khai u cui ONT (ti VTTP)
Huawei:
HG850a: 4x10/100 Bate T + 2 POTS (RG)
HG8240: 4x10/100/1000 Bate T + 2 POTS (RG+Static IP)
Alcatel-Lucent:
I-240W-P: 4x10/100/1000 Bate T + 2 POTS + 802.11b/g/n
TNG QUAN MNG FTTx
21
VIN THNG TP.HCM
3.2. FTTB/C:
M hnh FTTB/C: ng dng cho trin khai u cui ONU.
- Cp quang ko n ta nh, cao c, khch sn, khu dn c cao cp, vn
phng cho thu v trin khai lp t ONU. T y, trin khai cc
i dy cp ng n tn nh/tng lu/phng khch hng v trin khai
VDSL2 CPE v/hoc hp u dy in thoi ti y.
- Cc loi ONU hin hu h tr ti a 8/24 cng VDSL2 v/hoc 08
cng POTS (Alcatel-Lucent), ti a 96 VDSL2/256 POTS/128
ADSL2+ (Huawei) m bo kh nng trin khai dch v triple-play
(Internet, VoIP, IPTV) hoc double-play (Internet, IPTV) ti nh khch
hng.
- Mng cp nh khch hng dng mng cp ng sn c hay ko mi.
TNG QUAN MNG FTTx
22
VIN THNG TP.HCM
Hnh 6c: M hnh FTTB/C ng dng cho trin khai u cui ONU ti VTTP
Huawei:
MA 5616: 96 VDSL2/ 256 POTS/ 128 ADSL2+
Alcatel-Lucent:
O-0881V: 8 VDSL2 + 8 FE/GE + 8 POTS
TNG QUAN MNG FTTx
23
VIN THNG TP.HCM
4. So snh mng ADSL v FTTx
4.1. Cp quang v cp ng:
Khng nh cp ng truyn tn hiu bng in, cp quang dng nh
sng truyn tn hiu. Chnh v s khc bit m cp quang t b
nhiu, tc cao v c kh nng truyn xa hn. Vic s dng cng
ngh truyn dn hin i ny cng ang bt u thay th dn mng
cp ng ADSL phc v trc tip n ngi s dng.
So vi cp ng, cp quang ch truyn sng nh sng nn khng b
nhiu v khng th b nghe trm (tn hiu nh sng t si ny khng
b nhiu vi cc si khc trong cng cp, iu ny lm cho cht
lng tn hiu tt hn).
suy gim dn/mt tn hiu trong si quang thp hn cc loi cp
si ng:
- Suy hao cp ng: 1,4dB/Km (0,5mm)- 1,8dB/Km (0,4mm).
- Suy hao cp quang: 0,45 dB/Km.
TNG QUAN MNG FTTx
24
VIN THNG TP.HCM
Cp quang cng s dng in ngun t hn, v nng lng cp tn
hiu trong cp quang nh nn my pht c th s dng ngun thp
hn thay v ngun pht cao a vo trong cp si ng.
Cp quang rt ti thng tin dng s m c bit hu dng trong
mng my tnh.
Cp si quang cng khng chy, v dng in khng th chy
xuyn qua cp, do khng c nguy c ha hn xy ra.
Tuy vy, cp si quang v cc thit b i km li rt t tin so vi
cc loi cp ng truyn thng.
TNG QUAN MNG FTTx
25
VIN THNG TP.HCM
4.2. So snh ADSL v FTTx da trn mt s tiu ch:
Yu t so snh ADSL FTTx
Mi trng truyn tn hiu: Suy hao trn i cp ng cao: 1,40
1,8 dB/Km (vi cp ng c =
0,5mm v 0,4mm tng ng).
Suy hao trn si quang thp:
thng l 0,45 dB/Km.
n nh: D b suy hao do tn hiu in t, thi
tit, chiu di cp
Khng b nh hng.
Bo mt: bo mt thp, d b nh cp tn
hiu ng dy.
bo mt cao, rt kh nh cp
tn hiu trn ng truyn.
Tc truyn dn (Upload v
download ):
Bt i xng: Download > Upload
Tc ti a l 20 Mbps.
Cn bng: Upload = download
Tc cho php: 10 50 Gbps.
Chiu di cp: Ti a l 2,5 km t n nh. n 10 km.
An ton cho thit b: C th b nh hng do st nh, in
lan truyn trn ng dy.
Khng nh hng do st nh, in
lan truyn trn ng dy.
Kh nng p ng dch v: Hosting
Server (my ch d/v), VPN (mng
o), Truyn d liu, Game Online,
IPTV (truyn hnh tng tc), VoD
(xem phim theo yu cu), Video
Conferrence (hi ngh truyn hnh),
IP Camera:
Khng ph hp v tc thp. p ng hiu qu, rt ph hp v
tc rt cao v c th ty bin tc
.
Bng thng: Khng th nng cp bng thng trn
cp ng truyn thng.
D nng cp bng thng m khng
cn ko cp quang mi.
TNG QUAN MNG FTTx
26
VIN THNG TP.HCM
K THUT
TRIN KHAI FTTx
27
VIN THNG TP.HCM
Cc hng chnh trin khai FTTx:
Home Run (Point-to-Point).
AON - Active optical network: Mng quang ch ng/ tch cc.
PON - Passive optical network: Mng quang th ng.
K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx
Hnh 7: Cc hng trin khai mng FTTx
28
VIN THNG TP.HCM
K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx
Hnh 8: Cc hng trin khai mng FTTx
29
1. Mng quang Home run:
K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx
Hnh 9: Kiu trin khai Home run
Kiu kt ni im-im, cp quang c
a trc tip t CO n tn nh ngi s
dng. C th dng c AON v PON ty
theo cu hnh thit b. y l gii php
n gin nhng t c dng ph bin,
bi hiu qu thng mi thp, tn km.
Home Run (Point to Point)
CO
VIN THNG TP.HCM
30
VIN THNG TP.HCM
2. Mng quang ch ng (AON):
K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx
Hnh 10: Kiu trin khai AON
AON (Active Optical Network)
Ethernet
Switch
CO
31
VIN THNG TP.HCM
phn phi tn hiu, mch AON s dng cc thit b in phn
tch d liu nh: b chuyn mch (switch), b nh tuyn (router) hoc
b ghp knh (multiplexer):
- D liu t nh cung cp (hng xung) ca khch hng no ch
c chuyn n khch hng .
- D liu t pha khch hng (hng ln) s trnh xung t khi
truyn trn ng vt l chung bng vic s dng cc b m
(ONT) ca cc thit b ch ng.
K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx
32
VIN THNG TP.HCM
Hu ht cc cc h thng mng AON c gi l Ethernet ch ng
(Active Ethernet). Thut ng ny uc hiu nh kiu kt ni im-
im gia thit b chuyn mch Ethernet lp 2 (L2 Switch) ca nh
cung cp dch v v thit b ca ngui s dng.
- Cc L2 Switch c th uc t ti CO hoc i khi uc t nh
mt t mng gn pha khch hng.
- Thit b chuyn i (Media Converter) c t pha khch hng
c nhim v chuyn i quang in.
K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx
33
VIN THNG TP.HCM
Nhc im:
- Nhc im ln nht ca AON chnh l thit b chuyn mch.
Vi cng ngh hin ti, thit b chuyn mch quang bt buc phi
chuyn tn hiu quang thnh tn hiu in phn tch, x l thng
tin ri tip tc chuyn ngc li truyn i. Qu trnh ny s lm
gim tc truyn dn trong mng vn l mt th mnh ca FTTx.
- Ngoi ra do y l nhng thit b chuyn mch tc cao nn
chng kh t tin, khng ph hp vi vic trin khai i tr cho
mng truy cp.
K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx
34
VIN THNG TP.HCM
3. Mng quang b ng (PON)
3.1. PON l g ?
PON l kiu mng im - a im. Mi khch hng c kt ni
ti mng quang thng qua mt b chia quang th ng, v vy
khng c cc thit b in ch ng trong mng PON v bng thng
c chia s t cp nhnh (feeder) n ngi s dng (drop).
K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx
Hnh 11a: Mng quang th ng (PON)
35
VIN THNG TP.HCM
K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx
Hnh 11b: Mng quang th ng (PON)
36
VIN THNG TP.HCM
K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx
Hnh 11c: Cu trc mng quang th ng (PON)
20 km - 1:32 splitter or 10 km - 1:64 splitter
Splitter
Splitter
Splitter
PSTN
Network
Media
Gateway
CENTRAL OFFICE CORE NETWORK FIBER DISTRIBUTION CUSTOMER PREMISE
IP
TV/Video
HeadEnd
Data
Network
Analog
Video
HeadEnd
1550nm
OLT
1490nm
1310nm
IPTV System
WDM
Coupler
STB
IPTV
STB
IPTV
STB
IPTV
STB
IPTV
STB
IPTV
ONU
ONU
Optical
Distribution
Network
1:n
37
VIN THNG TP.HCM
3.2. Cc thnh phn mng PON:
a) Thit b u cui knh quang OLT:
t trung tm chuyn mch CO/LE.
OLT cung cp (pht) nhiu knh quang, mi knh quang uc
truyn trn mt si quang m trn c b chia.
Chc nng:
- Cung cp kt ni giao tip gia h thng mng truy cp quang
th ng PON v mng quang trc (li) ca cc nh cung cp
dch v thoi - d liu - video thng qua h thng qun l EMS
(Element Management System).
- thc hin chuyn i tn hiu in s dng bi thit b ca
nh cung cp dch v thnh tn hiu quang c dng bi PON
v ngc li.
- phn knh gia nhng thit b kt cui mng ONT/ONU trn
mng PON.
K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx
38
VIN THNG TP.HCM
b) Thit b kt cui mng ONT/ONU:
t u cui cp si quang (pha ngui s dng) gn hoc ti
nh thu bao.
Chc nng:
- Thc hin chuyn i tn hiu quang t PON thnh tn hiu
in n ngi s dng v ngc li.
- Cung cp giao tip gia mng thoi - video - d liu ca ngi
s dng vi mng PON.
K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx
39
VIN THNG TP.HCM
K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx
Hnh 12: Thit b ONT - FTTH
40
VIN THNG TP.HCM
K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx
Hnh 13: Thit b ONU - FTTH
41
VIN THNG TP.HCM
c) B chia quang th ng:
L thit b tch ghp th ng PS (Passive Splitter) phn phi
tn hiu quang.
Thnh phn PS nm gia OLT v ONT/ONU, c t trong t
cp S1 v S2 (kt ni gia cp chnh v cp phi).
Chc nng:
- Thu nhn cc tn hiu quang t OLT (CO).
- Chia cc tn hiu quang n cc ONT/ONU (thu bao).
K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx
Hnh 14a: B chia quang khi PLC Hnh 14b: B chia quang thanh trn
42
VIN THNG TP.HCM
d) Mng cp quang:
L h thng cp si quang dng truyn ti tn hiu nh sng.
Thnh phn mng cp si quang nm gia OLT v ONT/ONU (c
c b chia quang th ng), c t khu vc ngoi vi, theo:
- Phng thc: chn - th cng ngm/bng Maxell - treo.
- Nguyn tc phi cp: 01 cp/ 02 cp.
Chc nng: truyn thng t OLT v kt ni ti mi ONT/ONU.
Theo cc bc sng:
- 1490nm dng lm bng thng hng xung (downlink) t OLT.
Tn hiu c m ha (trnh ly trm) a ti cc h gia nh.
- 1310nm truyn theo hung ln (uplink) bi mi ONT/ONU. Tn
hiu hng ln c kt hp bng vic s dng giao thc a
truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian (TDMA) v OLT s iu
khin cc ONT/ONU s dng cc khe thi gian ny cho vic
truyn d liu.
K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx
43
VIN THNG TP.HCM
e) H thng iu khin trung tm CO:
Cung cp a ch v bng thng mt cch t ng, cng nh vic
m ha c s dng truy tr v phn tch lu lng gia OLT
v ONT/ONU.
f) H thng qun l EMS:
t ti trung tm chuyn mch CO (pha nh cung cp dch v).
Chc nng:
- Qun l cc phn t khc nhau ca mng PON.
- Qun l v cu hnh, c tnh v bo mt.
- Cung cp giao din n mng li ca cc nh cung cp dch
v thoi - d liu - video.
K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx
44
VIN THNG TP.HCM
3.3. t tnh cng ngh PON:
c tnh ni bt ca cng ngh PON c th c hiu 2 :
Kh nng tn dng phng php ghp knh phn chia theo
bc sng WDM(Wavelength Division Multiplexing).
Cung cp bng thng t ng gim thiu s lng si quang
cn thit cho vic kt ni gia OLT v b chia quang.
K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx
45
VIN THNG TP.HCM
3.4. Cc chun quang th ng PON:
ITU-T G.983
APON (ATM PON): y l chun mng PON u tin. N ch yu
c s dng cho cc ng dng kinh doanh v da trn truyn dn
khng ng b ATM(asynchronous transmit multiplex).
BPON (Broadband PON): l chun da trn APON. N h tr thm
cng ngh WDM, bng thng ginh cho ng ln (uplink) l ng
v cao hn.
ITU-T G.984
GPON (Gigabit PON): l s nng cp ca chun BPON. N h tr
tc cao hn, bo mt c tng cng v s a dng trong vic
la chn giao thc lp 2: ATM, GEM, Ethernet.
IEEE 802.3ah
EPON (Ethernet PON) l mt chun ca IEEE/EFM cho s dng
Ethernet trong vic truyn d liu.
K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx
46
VIN THNG TP.HCM
3.5. Ghp knh phn chia theo di tn trn mng PON:
K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx
Hnh 15a: Cu trc TDM-PON
Hnh 15b: Cu trc WDM-PON
47
VIN THNG TP.HCM
- hng xung (t OLT n ONU), mng PON l mng im-a
im. OLT chim ton b bng thng hng xung.
- hng ln, mng PON l mng a im - im. Nhiu ONU
truyn tt c d liu ca chng n mt OLT.
c tnh hng ca b tch ghp th ng (Multiplexer):
- L vic truyn thng ca mt ONU s khng c nhn bit bi
cc ONU khc.
- Tuy nhin cc lung d liu t cc ONU khc nhau c truyn
cng mt lc cng c th b xung t.
- V vy trong hng ln, PON s s dng mt vi c ch ring bit
trong knh trnh xung t d liu, ng thi chia s cng bng
ti nguyn v dung lng trung k.
K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx
48
VIN THNG TP.HCM
Mt phng php chia s knh hng ln ca ONU l s dng ghp
knh phn chia theo bc sng WDM. Vi phng php ny th mi
ONU s hot ng mt bc sng khc nhau; gii php WDM yu
cu cn mt b thu iu khin hoc l mt mng b thu OLT
nhn cc knh khc nhau.
Tuy nhin nhiu vn kh khn cho cc nh khai thc mng l kim
k tng bc sng ca ONU; thay v ch c mt loi ONU, th c
nhiu loi ONU da trn cc bc sng laser ca n. Mi ONU s s
dng mt laser hp v rng ph iu khin c, nn rt t tin.
Mc khc, nu mt bc sng b sai lch s gy ra nhiu cho cc ONU
khc trong mng PON. Vic s dng Laser iu khin c th khc
phc c vn ny nhng qu t cho cng ngh hin ti. Vi
nhng kh khn nh vy th WDM cha phi l gii php k thut tt
theo yu cu hin nay.
K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx
49
VIN THNG TP.HCM
Mt s gii php khc da trn WDM cng c xut nhng gi c
kh cao. Do vy, ghp knh phn chia theo thi gian trn mng PON
(TDM: Time Division Multiplexing) ra i.
Trong TDM PON, vic truyn ng thi t vi ONU (hng ln) s
gy ra xung t khi n b ghp knh. ngn chn xung t d liu,
mi ONU phi truyn trong ca s (khe thi gian) truyn ca n.
Mt thun li ln ca TDM PON l tt c cc ONU c th hot ng
cng mt bc sng, OLT cng ch cn mt b thu n. B thu pht
ONU hot ng tc ng truyn, thm ch bng thng c th
dng ca ONU thp hn.
Tuy nhin, c tnh ny cng cho php TDM PON t hiu qu thay
i bng thng c dng cho tng ONU bng cch thay i kch c
khe thi gian c n nh hoc thm ch s dng ghp knh thng k
tn dng ht bng thng c dng ca mng PON.
K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx
50
VIN THNG TP.HCM
Trong mng truy cp thu bao, hu ht cc lung lu lng ln v
xung khng phi l Peer to Peer (user to user). V vy iu ny
dng nh l hp l tch knh ln v xung. Mt phng php n
gin da trn ghp knh phn chia khng gian SDM (Space Division
Multiplexing ) c th tch trn PON khi c cung cp theo hng
truyn ln - xung. tit kim cho si quang v gim chi ph sa
cha v bo qun, mt si quang c th c s dng cho truyn theo
02 hng. Trong trng hp ny, 02 bc sng c dng l: hng
ln 1 = 1310 nm, hng xung 2 = 1550 nm. Dung lng knh
mi bc sng c th phn phi linh ng gia cc ONU.
Ghp knh phn chia theo thi gian TDM l phng php c u
tin hin nay cho vic chia s knh quang trong mng truy cp khi m
n cho php mt bc sng n hng ln v b thu pht n
OLT lm cho gii php ny c u th hn v chi ph u t.
K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx
51
VIN THNG TP.HCM
4. So snh gia 2 k thut AON v PON
K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx
Hnh 16: So snh AON v PON
70 km 20 km
20 km
V Video cho nhiu thu bao
B C D A D liu/thoi cho mt thu bao
52
VIN THNG TP.HCM
K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx
Hnh 17: GPON v Active Ethernet
H thng chuyn mch
TB chuyn mch
Ethernet
10*GigE
10*GigE
10*GigE
2.5/1.2 Gb/s 64*2.4/1.2 Gb/s
24*/100 Mb/s
24*/100 Mb/s
Cat 5
53
VIN THNG TP.HCM
4. So snh k thut gia AON v PON
4.1. Cc yu t c em ra so snh:
- Tng dung lng bng thng ca mt thu bao c th tn hng.
- Cc dch v hai cng ngh cung cp cho ngi s dng u cui.
Nh cp pha trn, PON dng hai buc sng khc nhau: chiu
xung bc sng 1490 nm v chiu ln 1310 nm, ring buc sng
1550 nm l buc sng chn la s dng cho cc thng tin qung b
v tn hiu video s. Ti thi im hin ti, tc chiu xung ca
PON khong 2.5 Gbps v chiu ln l 1.25 Gbps.
K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx
54
VIN THNG TP.HCM
Nu mt OLT phc v duy nht 01 thu bao th thu bao c th
uc tn hng ton b bng thng ny. Tuy nhin trong cc mng
trin khai ti mt s nc trn th gii, ngi ta thng thit k tc
cho mt thu bao s dng PON vo khong 100 Mbps/downlink v 40
Mbps/uplink. Vi tc truy nhp nh vy th qu tha thi cho cc
ng dng cao cp nh HDTV.
Active Ethernet thng cung cp tc down - up l 100 Mbps ti
mi thu bao, cng c th cung cp tc ln hn vi thit b u
cui l GbEthernet, tuy nhin cc thit b h tr GbEthernet Switch
t hn t nht gp 6 ln so vi active Ethernet thng thng.
K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx
55
VIN THNG TP.HCM
Qua tin hnh vi th nghim gn y bc l kh nng hn ch ca
Active Ethernet l:
- Khi download 1 b phim HDTV 5.8 GB, khong 47 Gigabits
thng tin cn truyn ti, GPON mt 2 pht cn Active Ethernet
mt 8 pht vi cng tc truyn 100 Mbps. Mt trong nhng
iu ng thuyt phc cc nh khai thc trin khai GPON
chnh l kh nng Broadcast TV v IPTV nh vo buc sng 1550
nm (qung b TV s v analog), trong khi Active Ethernet ch h
tr IPTV. S khc bit ln nht ca GPON v Active Ethernet
nm kha cnh u t v hiu qu kinh t.
- cho cng t uc khong cch ti thu bao l 20Km, Active
Ethernet cn thit trn 4Watts/port; trong khi GPON cn khng
ti 1Watt. Ni mt cch n gin Active Ethernet cn ngun cung
cp gp 4 ln GPON v cn h thng iu ha gp 4 ln GPON.
- Ngoi ra v din tch v s lung thit b GPON t ra cng tn
km hn Active Ethernet nhiu.
K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx
56
VIN THNG TP.HCM
K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx
Khai thc, vn hnh GPON Active Ethernet
S lng khch hng trung
bnh trn h thng
2048 720
Khong cch xa nht 20 km (tiu biu) 10 km (tm ngn)
Tc down cc i 2.5 Gb/s 100 Mb/s
Tc down trung bnh trn
mt cng
40 2300 Mb/s 12 100 Mb/s
Tc up cc i 1.25 Gb/s 100 Mb/s
Tc up trung bnh trn
mt cng
35 1150 Mb/s 3 50 Mb/s
Qun l
T/hp cp nh ng b
chia (1:64), khng cn
ngun nui
T rack ln ng switch,
cn ngun nui (c acquy
d phng) cung cp
Chc nng h tr H tr CATV, IP video Ch IP video
Bng 2: So snh mt s tiu ch c th gia GPON v Active Ethernet
57
VIN THNG TP.HCM
4.2. u im ca PON:
Vi kin trc PON s lm gim chi ph u t mng cp quang v
cc thit b ti CO do n cho php nhiu ngi s dng chia s
chung mt si quang.
B chia quang khng cn cp ngun, loi b hon ton chi ph vic
dng ngun in ngoi vi nui; c gi thnh r v lp t bt
k u, khng ph thuc cc iu kin mi trng.
K c vic cung cp rt t nng lng cho cc thit b gia phng
my trung tm CO v pha ngi s dng.
Gim c chi ph vn hnh - bo dng.
K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx
58
VIN THNG TP.HCM
4.3. Nhc im ca PON:
Thiu tnh hi t IP (IP convergence).
AON c th trin khai cu hnh mng Ring s to nn ng lin
kt d phng. Trong khi PON duy nht ch c mt kt ni gia
OLT v splitter, nu kt ni ny b li th ton b ONT khng c
cung cp dch v.
K THUT TRIN KHAI FTTx
59
VIN THNG TP.HCM
CC DCH V
MNG FTTx
60
VIN THNG TP.HCM
Cc nh cung cp dch v ang s dng mng FTTx nh mt trong
nhng cng c hu hiu ca chin lc cnh trnh cung cp b 3
dch v (Triple Play), bao gm: thoi - d liu - video trn nn IP.
Cc cng ngh s dng to dng cc mng FTTx bao gm c cc
mng quang th ng, cc ng dy thu bao s (DSL) v cc cng
ngh nn video u tip cn n mc gi c cnh tranh.
Do yu cu trin khai mng FTTx khng qu kh khn, cc nh
cung cp dch v phi bo m dch v Triple Play m h cung cp
hot ng hon ho. Nu mng c s h tng FTTx c trin khai
m cht lng li khng cao th cc nh cung cp dch v s phi i
mt vi nguy c vnh vin mt i cc khch hng trung thnh vo tay
cc i th cnh tranh, nhng ngi cung cp cc gi dch v tng t
nhng vi cht lng cao hn.
CC DCH V MNG FTTx
61
VIN THNG TP.HCM
1. Xy dng cc khi b ba dch v (Triple Play):
Cc dch v Triple Play c th c cung cp nh nhiu cng ngh
truy cp khc nhau trn cng mt mng FTTx:
- FTTx thc ra l mt tp hp cc kin trc mng mi c thit k
mang cc dch v bng rng n vi khch hng.
- Si quang c s dng trong tt c cc kt ni t nh cung cp
n khch hng (ging nh kin trc FTTP (Premise)).
- i vi cng ngh xDSL, v d ADSL2+ c dng nhng Km
cui nhm kt ni t nt quang ti thit b khch hng (CPE).
Thc t, hu ht cc mng FTTx, si quang, cp ng, cp ng trc,
giao tip khng dy (wireless) hoc mt vi s kt hp ca nhng
phng tin ny s mang cc tn hiu truyn ti cc ng dng Triple
Play ti cc thit b mng tch hp, cc my thu hnh v cc b chuyn
i trong cc ng dng VoIP v thoi thng thng.
CC DCH V MNG FTTx
62
VIN THNG TP.HCM
Khi trin khai cc dch v Triple Play theo kin trc FTTx th vic
kim tra tt c cc phng tin truyn dn vt l c s dng, c
bit quan trng l phn mng truy cp bng cp ng.
- Vic kim tra nhiu lp ca mng cng vi cc ng dng cung cp
phi c tin hnh trong ton b vng i ca mng, t giai on
lp t, cung cp dch v v bo m dch v.
- kim tra lp vt l cng nh cc ng dng trong ton b chu k
sng ca mng phi s dng nhiu loi thit b v phng php o
khc nhau nhiu im khc nhau trn mng.
Trong giai on lp t mng, cn tin hnh:
- Xc nh c tnh si quang.
- Cc thng tin v suy hao chn (insertion loss) v suy hao phn x
ngc (optical return loss).
CC DCH V MNG FTTx
63
VIN THNG TP.HCM
Trong giai on cung cp dch v, cn tin hnh:
- o cng sut quang.
- Hiu sut truyn d liu xDSL.
- nh gi cht lng thoi, video v d liu.
Khi mng c trin khai v cung cp cc dch v, vic kim tra
m bo dch v tr thnh mt yu cu bt buc. Cc k thut vin
trn tuyn phi c kh nng:
- Thc hin nh gi dch v u cui-u cui.
- Xc nh v cch ly cc li s c chnh xc.
- H tr qu trnh phn tch v tc ng khc phc s c hiu qu.
CC DCH V MNG FTTx
64
VIN THNG TP.HCM
CC DCH V MNG FTTx
Hnh 18: Cc kin trc dch v mng FTTx
S
p
l
i
t
t
e
r
S
p
l
i
t
t
e
r
S
p
l
i
t
t
e
r
S
p
l
i
t
t
e
r
OLT
OLT
DSLAM
ONU
ONU
ONU
ONT
ONT
65
VIN THNG TP.HCM
2. Kim tra cc dch v Triple Play:
Tng t nh vic trin khai lp vt l, vic trin khai cc dch v
Triple Play c thc hin theo ba giai on khc nhau:
- Lp t cc thnh phn mng v nh gi s b cht lng mng.
- Cung cp dch v ti khch hng.
- Bo tr, bo m dch v.
Mi giai on trong vng i ca mng li mang n nhng thch
thc khc nhau cho mi dch v Triple Play.
CC DCH V MNG FTTx
66
VIN THNG TP.HCM
2.1. Dch v IP Video
Trc khi cung cp dch v IP video, nh cung cp phi xc nh s
ph hp mng truy cp ca khch hng vi dch v IP video:
- Xc nh cc c ch qun l lp dch v video, v d: vic phn
chia nhn VLAN, lp k hoch m bo lu lng ti.
- Nng cp thit b DSLAM h tr chc nng thu pht gi v
chc nng IP multicast.
- Thit lp cu hnh mng truy cp c th h tr yu cu bng
thng i vi dch v IP video. c bit, n phi tha mn c
yu cu ng thi truyn 3 knh video.
CC DCH V MNG FTTx
67
VIN THNG TP.HCM
Sau khi cc vn trn c gii quyt, tin trnh cung cp cc
thnh phn cn thit ca mng v vic kt ni c th bt u. Cc
thnh phn mng cn lp t v kim tra bao gm:
- Cc Gateway thit b DSLAM.
- Gateway pha khch hng.
- Cc dy mng i trong nh khch hng.
- B gii m tn hiu truyn hnh s STB (Set Top Box).
Ngoi ra, vic nh gi li cht lng ca lin kt mng truy cp cng
cn tin hnh.
CC DCH V MNG FTTx
68
VIN THNG TP.HCM
Khi to mi v cung cp dch v IP video, cn phi:
- nh gi v thu thp thng tin v cht lng dch v v cc li
thng xy ra ph bin.
- Vic khc phc s c da trn nhng tnh hung gi lp phi
c thc hin trc khi hon tt vic ci t dch v.
- Trng hp l tng nht l phi lu li cc bn bo co o kim
ca khu ny trong qu trnh trin khai dch v sau ny dng
tham chiu cho cc hot ng bo tr v bo m dch v. S
dng d liu c lu li ny s gp phn ci thin ng k
thi gian sa cha, khc phc s c, m nh khch hng c
s dng dch v cht lng n nh.
CC DCH V MNG FTTx
69
VIN THNG TP.HCM
ci thin qu trnh lp t mng v dch v, cc thit b o kim c
th gip k thut vin trn tuyn kim tra 03 tham s trc khi cung
cp dch v IP video, bao gm:
- Hiu sut ng xDSL.
- Cung cp dch v video.
- Cht lng dch v video (QoS: Quality Service).
Thit b phi c kh nng m phng STB ca khch hng, ly cc
lung d liu chng trnh video v xc nh tnh hp chun ca cc
gi tr QoS c thit lp bi nh cung cp dch v cho mi tham s.
CC DCH V MNG FTTx
70
VIN THNG TP.HCM
Cc kt qu o kim QoS Video hin th trn thit b o s cho bit tt
c cc tham s quan trng nh hng ti lung video. V d:
- Nu jitter tham chiu ng h chng trnh PCR (Program Clock
Reference) cao, b gii m khng th gii m ng ti video.
- Vn tr i vi IGMP nh hng ti thi gian cn chuyn
i gia cc knh video qung b, y l mt yu t quan trng
lin quan n cm nhn ca khch hng v cht lng dch v m
h nhn c (customer experience).
- S gi tin b mt trong lung truyn dn video c o bng b ch
th li lin tip, y l tham s quan trng nht trong s 3 tham s.
Thit b cng nn c kh nng thit lp cc gii hn t/Khng t
(Pass/Fail) cho mi tham s ny, lm tng tnh chc chn cho tng cc
hot ng vn hnh thc t v gip ci thin qu trnh m bo dch
v IP video.
CC DCH V MNG FTTx
71
VIN THNG TP.HCM
khc phc s c IP video, c th s dng thit b o kim pht
hin trng hp li IP, nh:
- Li im nh video hoc li ng hnh: 02 li ny xy ra l do
mt gi d liu, jitter gi qu ln hoc c hai. Nu kim tra khng
pht hin ra li no lp vt l ca lin kt truy cp th c th
vic mt gi xy ra ng ln (upstream) ca DSLAM.
- Jitter PCR lin quan ti mt knh video, xc nh vn xy ra
headend, vi vic chn thm cc Local Ad hoc vi cc hot ng
chuyn i m tn hiu ngun.
- Vic mt gi tin gy ra nhiu nh hng khc nhau. V d: -Nu
mt mt gi mang khung B trong mt tn hiu video MPEG-2 ch
nh hng ti mt hoc hai khung ca lung video. -Nu mt mt
gi mang khung I th s nh hng tt c cc khung cho ti tn
khung I tip theo. Thng 14 15 khung b nh hng ty thuc
vo thit lp kch thc nhm hnh (Group of Picture/GOP).
CC DCH V MNG FTTx
72
VIN THNG TP.HCM
Vic gim st lin tc lung cc gi tin l cn thit m bo rng
cc ng dng IP video t ti cht lng m cc khch hng trng i
t nhng nh cung cp dch v video cnh tranh. Yu cu v cht
lng m h mong mun nhn c phi tt hn hoc t nht l bng
vi cht lng m h nhn c trc .
CC DCH V MNG FTTx
Hnh 19: Cu trc mt mng IP Video
Video
headend
Core Network
Metro Network
Access Network
Customer Premise
Broadband
Remote
Access
Server
73
VIN THNG TP.HCM
2.2. Dch v thoi IP
Mun to v cung cp mt ng dng thoi IP cho doanh nghip th:
- Phi xc nh c tnh ph hp ca mng doanh nghip gia lu
lng nhy cm vi tr ca dch v VoIP, nh: Cc tnh nng lp
dch v phi tn ti trong cc b nh tuyn (router) v mng phi
c sa i/lp t li ph hp vi lu lng thoi thm vo.
- K hoch ti lu lng c th nh hng ti thit b mng, c bit
l cc yu cu v bng thng giao din WAN.
- Cc tha thun mc dch v mi SLA (Service Level Agreement)
cn c thit lp.
CC DCH V MNG FTTx
74
VIN THNG TP.HCM
Trong giai on trin khai dch v thoi IP, k thut vin cn tp trung
thc hin cc ni dung sau:
Lp t v kim tra:
- Cc thit b truy cp tch hp IAD (Integrated Access Device).
- Cng (Gateway) thoi.
- B nh tuyn (Router).
- in thoi IP.
Kim tra lp vt l ca cc lin kt WAN. Theo :
- Cc thnh phn mng v cc kt ni cn thit c cung cp.
- ng cp mi c lp t cho nhng im kt cui mi (cc
in thoi IP hoc cc b chuyn i adapter).
Kim tra - x l li v cc vn lin quan n cht lng dch v
QoS VoIP trc khi hon tt vic cung cp dch v cho khch hng
v b tr cc in thoi IP theo thc t.
CC DCH V MNG FTTx
75
VIN THNG TP.HCM
Xc nh tnh kt ni t khch hng ti cc gateway bo hiu cung
cp dch v v xc nh cht lng cuc gi:
- C th nh gi cht lng cuc gi bng cch thc hin: Cc
cuc gi kim tra trong ni b mng IP (on-network test call)
v cc cuc gi sang mng PSTN (off-network test call).
- Cc tham s cuc gi quan trng cn kim tra gm: tr gi, mt
gi v jitter. Tuy nhin, h s nh gi trung bnh MOS (Mean
Opinion Score) l tham s SLA (tha thun mc dch v) quan
trng nht c s dng o tng th cht lng VoIP.
Cc chuyn giao mng gia mng gi v mng TDM thng c
qun l bi mt chuyn mch gateway thoi l nhng im kim
tra quan trng trong tt c cc mng.
CC DCH V MNG FTTx
76
VIN THNG TP.HCM
giai on m bo dch v, rt nhiu yu t c th lm gim cht
lng dch v VoIP, bao gm:
- Vn lin quan ti khu vc mng pha khch hng gy ra bi b
m thoi.
- Hiu sut ca b x l DSP.
- Thit b thu/pht m thanh.
- Hiu sut hot ng ca b loi b ting vng trong mng.
Tng t nh vi ng dng IP video, cn phi thu thp cc bo co
kt qu o giai on ny v lu li s dng trong tng lai. Khi
xy ra s c dch v th nhng bn bo co ny s gip rt ngn thi
gian gii quyt s c.
CC DCH V MNG FTTx
77
VIN THNG TP.HCM
2.3. Dch v d liu IP Internet
cung cp dch v d liu IP Internet ti cc thu bao FTTx th:
- Mi khch hng cn c thit lp mt ti khon cung cp dch v
Internet ISP (Internet Service Provider Account ISP Account).
- i vi k hoch v lu lng ti cng cn c sa i ph
hp vi lung d liu c thm vo. Cc my ch truy cp dch
v bng rng u xa (Broadband Remote Access Server
BRAS) s b nh hng, do vic hoch nh bng thng v nh
tuyn/iu khin phi c hon thin.
- Bn cnh vic thit lp kt ni ti cc nh cung cp dch v v
cung cp cc thnh phn mng cn thit cho lung d liu tng
thm v x l lp dch v (CoS) th cc cng DSLAM c th c
cu hnh li h tr tuyn tr kp (dual-latency path) trong mi
trng ng dng hn hp ny.
CC DCH V MNG FTTx
78
VIN THNG TP.HCM
kt thc qu trnh ci t, k thut vin phi nh gi:
- Hiu sut hot ng lp vt l DSL (ng truyn).
- Mc kt ni ti ISP (nh cung cp dch v).
- Thng lng ca dch v d liu FTP.
Vic ny c tin hnh bng cch s dng cng c kim tra vi kh
nng tch hp trnh duyt Web (Web Browser) v thng lng FTP:
- S dng cc tp tin (file) kim tra c th la chn ngi s dng
dch v v tin hnh kim tra c ng ln v ng xung.
- Thc hin bi o thng lng FTP kim tra hiu sut ca lin kt
st vi cc m hnh trin khai trong thc t hn l ch kim tra
n gin mi ng xung ca lin kt.
- Thc hin bi kim tra HTTP s dng mt trnh duyt Web cng
c li trong vic m bo rng kt ni/truy cp ISP ca ngi
dng u cui vn chy hon ho.
CC DCH V MNG FTTx
79
VIN THNG TP.HCM
Mt khi dch v d liu IP Internet c trin khai th chnh xc
ca dch v cung cp cng cn phi c nh gi xem c hp chun
hay khng. V mt ln na, cc bn bo co v bt k s c hay vn
g u nn c lu li s dng lm ti liu tham kho v qun
l trong tng lai.
CC DCH V MNG FTTx
80
VIN THNG TP.HCM
2.4. Gi Triple Play cn B o kim c 3 dch v (Triple Testing)
Vic kim tra phi c thc hin nhiu lp, bao gm:
- Lp vt l.
- Lp lin kt d liu.
- Lp mng.
- Lp ng dng.
Nu ch n thun kim tra lp vt l mng truy cp th khng th
pht hin ra cc vn QoS tim n m c th nh hng ti cc
ng dng da trn gi Triple Play.
Hin nhin l vic truyn gi tin chu nh hng ca lung gi u
cui ti u cui. Cc nh cung cp dch v trin khai cc mng
FTTx cn c chin lc hon chnh v dch v v o kim tin cy
da trn s hiu bit su sc v ng dng c cung cp theo
s lp t, cung cp v bo dng cht lng ca cc dch v.
CC DCH V MNG FTTx
81
VIN THNG TP.HCM
XU HNG
PHT TRIN
82
VIN THNG TP.HCM
Vi nhng u im c phn tch cc phn trn, cng vi nhu
cu pht trin ca x hi hin nay th xu hng trin khai mng FTTx
gn nh l iu tt yu cc nh cung cp dch v v khai thc mng
vin thng c tn ti v pht trin.
Trong tng lai gn FTTH s dn thay th ADSL khi bng thng
ADSL khng sc cung cp ng thi cc dch v trc tuyn trong
cng mt thi im. FTTH s cung cp 1 IP tnh thch hp cho cc
doanh nghip t chc trin khai d dng cc dch v trc tuyn nh IP
Camera, lu tr mail, truyn d liu tc cao...
XU HNG PHT TRIN
83
VIN THNG TP.HCM
Theo mt bo co mi nht ca Heavy Reading:
- S h gia nh s dng kt ni bng rng FTTH trn ton th gii
s tng trng hng nm trn 30%. Hin Nht Bn, Trung Quc v
M l cc quc gia i u trong lnh vc bng rng s dng cng
ngh cp quang ny.
- Cng ngh FTTH c hn 20 triu kt ni ton cu, ch tnh ring
3 nc ni trn c khong 6 triu thu bao. Ti chu c
nh gi l th trng c tim nng pht trin mnh; theo d on,
vo cui nm 2012, ring chu s c 54 triu kt ni FTTH, tip
theo l chu u/ khu vc Trung ng/ chu Phi vi 16 triu, ri
n Bc M v Nam M vi 15 triu. Hin nay, qu trnh chuyn
i sang FTTH ang c thc hin nhiu nc, gm: an
Mch, Php, Hng Kng, Nht Bn, Hn Quc, Thy in, i
Loan v M.
XU HNG PHT TRIN
84
VIN THNG TP.HCM
i vi mng vin thng ca Vit Nam cng ang trn pht trin
mnh m, c bit nc ta ang nm trong khu vc pht trin nng v
FTTH. Vi nhng iu kin thun li nh vy, nu chng ta c s
quy hoch v trin khai c h thng, ng b vi vic pht trin c s
h tng, chc rng nc ta s sm bt kp nhp pht trin tng ngy
ca nn cng ngh v thng tin vin thng ca th gii. Ngoi ra,
FTTH cn chim u th tuyt i trong qu trnh ngm ha mng vin
thng, mt xu th tt yu ang din ra nc ta.
XU HNG PHT TRIN
85
VIN THNG TP.HCM
XU HNG PHT TRIN
Hnh 20: T l bng rng trn th gii theo thng k nm 2007
Other 2.08%
86
VIN THNG TP.HCM