SIR M VISVESVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

BANGALORE-562157
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE/INFORMATION SCIENCE
ENGINEERING




Detection of Critical Nodes in MANET Using Network Survivability


Synopsis/Project Proposal
Submitted
By

1. Abhishek Sharma (1mv10cs003)
2. Amit Kumar Agarwal (1mv10cs009)
3. Akash Deep (1mv10cs006)

Guide:


Introduction
Intelligent Traffic-Control System
Traffic congestion has been causing many critical problems and challenges in most cities of
modern countries. To a commuter or traveller, congestion means lost time, missed opportunities,
and frustration. To an employer, congestion means lost worker productivity, trade opportunities,
delivery delays, and increased costs. To solve congestion problems is feasible not only by
physically constructing new facilities and policies but also by building information technology
transportation management systems. A growing body of evidence proves that simply expanding
a road infrastructure cannot solve traffic congestion problems. In fact, building new roads can
actually compound congestion, in some cases, by inducing greater demands for vehicle travel
demands that quickly eat away the additional capacity.
One way to improve traffic flow and
safety of the current transportation system is to apply automation and intelligent control methods
to roadside infrastructure and vehicles. Transportation research has the goal to optimize
transportation flow of people and goods. As the number of road users constantly increases, and
resources provided by current infrastructures are limited, intelligent control of traffic will
become a very important issue in the future.


The problems of typical conventional traffic light Controller are mentioned below:

A. Heavy Traffic Jams
B. No traffic, but still need to wait
C. Emergency car stuck in traffic jam
D. Lack of Traffic Information to users


In the proposed Intelligent Traffic Light Controller (ITLC) most limitations of existing controller
are eliminated. The proposed project of Intelligent Traffic Light Controller uses the traffic
signal as the server and all the vehicles as the client with the application either installed in the
vehicles or to smart phones of Vehicle holder. The problem of fixed timing traffic light is totally
eliminated in this project.
The main objective for this project is to design a program and
implement intelligent traffic light system suitable for real life implementations. This project also
aims to design a safe and efficient traffic flow, to assign the right way and minimizes the delay
or waiting time at road. The traffic jam will be reduced by counting the vehicles at each traffic
junction and letting the busiest lane traffic clear first and eliminates the red signal time in non
busy road.






Literature Survey

Garrett A. Morgan, an African-American businessman and inventor, invented the first automatic
traffic signal in 1923. It brought order and greater safety to city streets congested with the
increasingly popular horseless carriages. The first traffic signal was installed in Cleveland at the
corner of Euclid Avenue & East 105th Street. Inspiration for the invention came to Morgan as he
watched traffic flow on the busy streets of Cleveland. Morgan sold the invention to the General
Electric Co for $40,000, and GE began manufacturing the signals.
Since the evolution Traffic Management on the road has become a severe problem of todays
society. An efficient traffic management techniques are needed to reduce waiting and traveling
times, save fuel and money. In order to alleviate the problem, a large number of methods and
approaches have been suggested in the literature. It includes rule based learning to the modern
fuzzy and neural network approaches. In this section, the various solutions to the traffic control
problems suggested in the literature are presented, along with their merits and demerits. However
in the most complicated cases where the numbers of lanes are large and may be not only one but
more road intersections and railroad take part, it does make sense to use fuzzy methods
containing hierarchy and apply interpolation to decrease the complexity.
Taale et al. compare using evolutionary algorithms evolution strategy to evolve a traffic light
controller for a single simulated intersection to using the common traffic light controller in the
Netherlands (the RWS C-controller). They found comparable results for both systems.
Unfortunately they did not try their system on multiple coupled intersections, since dynamics of
such networks of traffic nodes are much more complex and learning or creating controllers for
them could show additional interesting behaviors and research questions
Reinforcement learning for traffic light control has first been studied by Thorpe He used a traffic
light-based value function, and we used a car-based one. Thorpe used a neural network for the
traffic-light based value function which predicts the waiting time for all cars standing at the
junction. This means that Thorpes traffic light controller have to deal with a huge number of
states, where learning time and variance may be quite large. Furthermore, Thorpe used a
somewhat other form of RL, SARSA (State-Action, Reward-State Action) with eligibility traces
and we use model-based RL.
Roozemond describes an intelligent agent architecture for traffic light control . Intelligent traffic
signalling agents (ITSAs) and Road Segment Agents (RSAs) try to perform their own tasks, and
try to achieve local optimality. One or more Authority Agents can communicate with groups of
ITSAs and RSAs for global performance. All agents act upon beliefs, desires, and capabilities.
No results were presented.
From the above discussion, it is obvious that designing a traffic light controller that satisfies all
the criteria simultaneously is a complicated task. Each proposed scheme has certain merits and
demerits Nevertheless, considering the common limitations of each listed above, there is still a
scope of designing a better traffic light controller having improved performance in most of the
respects that will work optimally in diversified traffic conditions. One such attempt to propose a
new traffic control scheme based on actuated car based approach combined with GSM is made in
the research work.
One major common drawback of all schemes mentioned above is that they are applicable to the
major crossing of road. The congestion conditions for a particular crossing of road are
considered to alleviate the problem at that particular road. Providing traffic controllers at each
separate crossing is not going to solve the traffic problem of the city as a whole.
Proposed Model
The aim of this project is to intelligently manage the traffic control system. The proposed model
Consists of two components:
Server
Client

Client:
All the Vehicles with the application installed will act as a client, which will send its
location to the nearest traffic signal.

Server:
Each traffic junction will act as a server.

In the very first leg of the events the each vehicle under the range of the 200m will send
its location to the nearest traffic signal, each traffic signals will be equipped with a server which
Will then treat each vehicle as the client, the server will accept the location if the signal is RED
or it will reject it, if the signal is RED, upon receiving the location of a particular client the sever
will determine the direction of that client and will put them into their respective queue(either
south , north, west or east).
The second step will be calculating the number of vehicles from each
direction.
The last step will be managing the traffic signals using an efficient traffic Traffic-
Management Algorithm.










Requirements


Hardware:
1. Intel Pentium 4 onwards
2. 1GB or above RAM
3. 320GB HDD
4. Monitor and other basic utilities




Software:
1. Windows XP onwards
2. Visual C++
3. Dot net Framework 4.5









Conclusion
Following this implementation, this project expects to efficiently detect the most Congested lane
on a hurly burly day and manage the functionality of the Traffic signal on that basis. The project
if implemented properly will lead to more efficient way of Traffic management with very less
use of resources with the constraint that most of the Vehicles should have the client application
installed in them .

References
We referred to the following:
www.sciencedirect.com
http://www.ee.washington.edu/research
http://www.slideshare.net
http://www.heartlandscience.org
Wiley online library
IEEE research papers:

[I] An intelligent traffic control system using RFID.

Other research papers:

A dynamic and automatic trac light control expert system for solving the road
congestion problem-W. Wen
Department of Information Management, Lung Hwa University of Science and
Technology, Taiwan, ROC.
DESIGN OF INTELLIGENT TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROLLER USING EMBEDDED
SYSTEM .- Shilpa S. Chavan (Walke) 1, Dr. R. S. Deshpande3, J. G. Rana2