Introduction

Research articles are very important to students and adults globally. Research article or
journal are a source of information that being used to introduce some new or continued
research that being found or some new research. As we can acknowledge, learning to write up
a research articles is a common skill needed nowadays as it not just important to students
only, but, to working professionals also if they need to further their study and achieve an
upper level in their job and also important to get the experience. Research article consist of the
IRMD part; introduction, method, discussion and results.
What is introduction? Ian Kingsley said that an introduction does what it implies it
introduces what follows as a concise overview for the reader . The introduction in this research
is about one of the field of science which is geology. Geology is a study of science which
comprises the study of Earth and the process undergone inside and on the surface, the rocks
which it composed and about the effects of changes of Earth towards the environment.
The main purpose and objective for this research is to improve students skills in writing
research. The components of writing research papers including organizing paragraphs,
paraphrasing and rewriting other researchers words, using various kind of diagram to organize
the data collected such as tables, pie-charts and graphs.
For most students, writing up a research article is the most needed basic skill as its
important for them to complete up their assignment and thesis to fulfill the requirement for
their own courses. Therefore, understand how to write a research article is important for
students to grasp the basic knowledge, experiments method and practice skills involve in
research. There is a lot of research done about the language, structure and social construction
of RAs. In the last three decades, the field of genre analysis has seen a great number of
studies or written academic genre, especially the researched article (Hyland, 2000).
A number of research had been conducted on how to establishing territories, review
literature, use citation, establishing research niches and to introduce their research
article/reports in general (Swales, 1990). The past researcher had been found out that every
single research article/ reports need to have a sentences that describes the research overview
or something general about the research that been conducted. It also known as establishing a
territory. Some of the researcher are using indicating a gap method to show some lack or
negative result of the past research that they tried to overcome and it can also be caused by
lack of research studies.
Using a citation is the most important parts as it proved out that all the research article
that been write are highly percentage reference able and not self-reference (samraj, 2005).
Citations are hundreds percent use in all the RAs Research article introductions and abstracts
are two genres which have been studied quite extensively. It should be noted that though the
research article introduction is strictly a part of the research article and hence a part-genre
(DudleyEvans, 1997), it has also been shown to have a well-defined purpose and overall
organization (Swales, 1990).
This paper is structured as follow. First, I provide the overview of the RAs before
developing any way theoretically about the RAs. Data and research methods follow in the next
section. I then present the results and conclude with the discussion of my finding as well as
direction of future research.
The purpose to study the research papers is to give the students some clear insight on
how to complete their Final Year Project (FYP) which is required to obtain their college degrees.
Each and every one of research papers basically and mainly used IMRD format which includes
introduction, methods, results and discussion. This format enable the readers to understand the
papers more easily.








Methods
A journal was downloaded and six articles were picked and each of the articles were
related to geological field. The title of the journal is Engineering Geology downloaded from
www.sciencedirect.com. The articles comprised in this journal were published in year 2005 until
2013. The main thing discussed in each of the article is about earthquake. The prime reason in
picking this journal was to identify the techniques used by the writer to complete their research
papers and also to provide me with some information about earthquake which is one of my
fields of study. The articles chosen must contain IMRD (introduction, methods, results and
discussions) to make it easier to analyze.
After the first step which is compiling six research articles from one journal, the articles
were analyzed. The articles were labeled with RA such as RA1 for research article number one.
Each and one of the articles introductions were analyzed sentence by sentence. The
components for introductions including (1) Establishing a territory (2) Indicating a gap (3)
Announcing present research (4) Presenting research question or hypotheses (5) Stating the
value of present research.
Establishing a territory is the part that gave a major statement about the field of study.
Indicating a gap here means the lacking factor due to lack of experience and poor results
obtained by previous researchers in the same field. The research main purpose is stated in the
announcing present research while the research question and hypotheses give the predicted
outcome made by the researcher. The last component is stating the value of present research
which comply the significant of the research.
Each of the components was identified if present in the introductions for research
articles. All of the articles introductions were compared. A table was prepared to record the
frequencies for each of the component in every article. Then two rows were prepared to record
the total number of all the elements in one research paper and the other was to insert the
frequency of one element in all the research papers. After that, another table was prepared.
This table listed all the elements was and examples for each of it from RA. The purpose for this
step was to give more detail about the real meaning for the components of introduction.
After all tables filled completely, analysis for the two tables were conducted. It is to
identify the importance for the components of introductions. To identify which element that
used most by researchers and the one that rarely or not used at all. This step can be done by
comparing the frequencies for each element, whether it is high, medium or low. The
comparison for each part of introductions have a great significant which it can identify which
one of it is the most important in writing a research papers.



















Results
Establishing a
territory
1. Liquefaction is the loss of strength and stiffness of saturated
loose sand caused by pore-water pressure buildup as the sand
contracts when shaken. It is common in earthquakes with
moment magnitudes (M) greater than 6 and frequently causes
damage, but it is rarely associated with earthquakes ofM5.2.
(RA1 : 184)
2. The amplification produced by site conditions plays a key role
in establishing the damaging potential of incoming seismic
waves from major earthquakes (e.g. Borcherdt, 1970).(RA2 :
26)

Indicating a gap 1. Dr. Klugel found internal evidence in the SSHAC study showing
that the results are unrealistic.However, in my opinion, Dr. Klu
gel did not go far enough into the range of problems that exist
in the SSHAC procedure. (RA 6: 1)
2. Such equations are rare in earth-quake engineering literature
[80]. The mapping of the observed spatial variations of power
during destructive earthquakes is however completely lacking.
(RA5 : 13)
Announcing the
present research
1. These studies offered qualitative suggestions on mitigating
landslide dam risks based on practical experiences and case
histories. (RA4 : 1)
2. This paper describes the data sets and procedures used in the
comparison, presents accuracy assessments for the different
empirical models and input parameters considered, interprets
the results, and provides recommendations for future
research directions that could improve current mapping
procedures. (RA3 : 42)
Presenting
research question
1. This correlation is the best way to explain the observed
distribution of damage at Curic and Talca; hence, we believe
or hypothesis that the combination of surface geology and microtremors'
HVSR represents a practical and economical method to assess
local site conditions and possible seismic amplifications.
(RA2 : 27)
2. This paper addresses two fundamental questions in this
maturing field of study: (1) Are there significant differences
between the landslide distributions predicted by published
models that predict sliding-block displacement, and, if so,
which models yield the best results? (2) Howsensitive are
model results to different shear-strength models? (RA3 : 42)
Stating the Value
of the present
research
1. This paper describes the data sets and procedures used in
the comparison, presents accuracy assessments for the
different empirical models and input parameters considered,
interprets the results, and provides recommendations for
future research directions that could improve current
mapping procedures. (RA3 : 42)
2. These studies offered qualitative suggestions onmitigating
landslide damrisks based on practical experiences and case
histories. (RA4 : 1)