A9 41ug4103

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IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, May/June - 2014

REMOTE SENSING AND GIS APPLICATIONS
(Civil Engineering)
Time : 3 hours Max. Marks: 75
Answer any Five Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
*****
1 a) Explain the principle of remote sensing and its components. [7]
b) What is electromagnetic radiation? Define spectrum bands.

[8]
2 a) Differenciate between active and passive remote sensing and example for
each one.

[8]
b) List out the types of resolution and explain with some examples.

[7]
3 a) Give comparison between manual digitization and onscreen digitization. [7]
b) Explain the procedure of supervised classification of images.

[8]
4 a) Define GIS and explain elements of GIS. [7]
b) List out and briefly discuss map projection of all types.

[8]
5 a) Elaborate on spatial data inputs in GIS. [7]
b) Explain the advantages of raster data over vector data in GIS.

[8]
6 How do you conduct GIS modeling using overlaying operations? Explain
with an example.

[15]
7 Explain how do you carryout surface water mapping and inventory using RS
& GIS.

[15]
8 Write short notes on the applications of remote sensing & GIS in the
following studies

a) Flood inundation. [5]
b) Urban Applications. [5]
c) Drainage morphometry. [5]

Code No: R41014
Set No. 1
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(Civil Engineering)
*****
1 a) Explain the elements involved in remote sensing. [7]
b) What is electromagnetic spectrum? Explain with a neat sketch.

[8]
2 a) Differenciate between active remote sensing and the passive remote sensing. [8]
b) Give details of digital image data formats.

[7]
3 a) Discuss image interpretation. [7]
b) Distinguish between visual interpretation and digital image processing.

[8]
4 a) Explain the basic concepts of GIS. [7]
b) Which map projection is suitable for the regions in India? Justify your
statement.

[8]
5 a) Classify raster data structures and explain each one with neat sketches. [8]
b) Write the relative merits and demerits of vector and raster data structures.

[7]
6 a) Discuss conditional expressions in GIS analysis. [7]
b) What is network analysis? Discuss.

[8]
7 a) Give some important details of application of remote sensing in urban studies. [8]
b) What aspects of remote sensing are important in agriculture studies? Explain.

[7]
8 Write short notes on the application of remote sensing & GIS in the following
studies.

a) Watershed management. [5]
b) Rainwater harvesting. [5]
c) Flood zone mapping. [5]

Code No: R41014
Set No. 2
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(Civil Engineering)
*****
1 a) Explain electromagnetic radiation with a neat sketch. [7]
b) Explain reflection of EMR from surfaces.

[8]
2 a) Give comparison between aerial photography and satellite remote sensing. [7]
b) What is digital image format? Explain all types and their relative advantages.

[8]
3 a) Discuss the image interpretation elements and keys. [7]
b) What is digital image processing? Explain the salient processes.

[8]
4 a) What are the fundamental operations of GIS? [8]
b) What is polyconic projection? Explain its significance in Indian context.

[7]
5 a) What is topology? Explain. [7]
b) Classify data structure models and give their relative merits and demerits.

[8]
6 a) Explain integrated analysis of spatial and attribute data with examples. [7]
b) Give some details of network analysis.

[8]
7 a) How remote sensing is useful in land resources management? Explain any
one.
[7]
b) What is the advantage of remote sensing integrated with GIS?

[8]
studies.

a) Drought Monitoring. [5]
b) Rainfall-Runoff modeling. [5]
c) Artificial groundwater recharge. [5]

Code No: R41014
Set No. 3
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(Civil Engineering)
*****
1 a) Define remote sensing and explain its principle and process. [7]
b) Classify EMR reflection with neat sketches.

[8]
2 a) Give a brief account on various types of remote sensing. [8]
b) Enumerate advantages of stereoscopy in remote sensing.

[7]
3 a) What is digital image processing? Explain the salient processes. [8]
b) What is convergence of evidence?

[7]
4 a) List out the various applications of GIS and briefly explain. [8]
b) Given the choice which one would you choose from UTM and Polyconic map
projections for your region? Elaborate on the reasons.

[7]
5 a) Classify spatial data and explain topology. [8]
b) List out various advantages of raster data structure.

[7]
6 a) What is network analysis? Explain. [7]
b) Give an overview of data manipulation and analysis.

[8]
7 a) Discuss the land use / land cover mapping from remote sensing and its use in
hydrological studies.
[8]
b) Explain overlay using decision table in GIS.

[7]
studies.

a) Artificial recharge. [5]
b) Reservoir storage estimation. [5]
c) Runoff estimation. [5]

Code No: R41014
Set No. 4
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POWER SYSTEM OPERATION & CONTROL
(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)
*****
1 a) Explain production cost, incremental fuel cost. [8]
b) Describe in detail, with suitable examples, the methods of optimum scheduling
of generation of power from a thermal station.

[7]

2 a) A power System consists of two, 125 MW units whose input cost data are
represented by the equations :
C
1
= 0.04 P
1
2
+ 22 P
1
+ 800 Rupees/hour
C
2
= 0.045 P
2
2
+ 15 P
2
+ 1000 Rupees/hour
If the total received power P
R
= 200 MW. Determine the load sharing between
units for most economic operation.

[8]
b) Derive the condition for the optimum scheduling of generation of units in a
steam power plant.

[7]

3 A two plant system having a thermal station near the load center and a hydro
power station at remote location.
The characteristics of both stations are
C
1
= (26 + 0.045 P
GT
)P
GT
Rs/hr
w
2
= (7 + 0.004 P
GH
) P
GH
m
3
/sec
and
2
= Rs. 4 10
-4
/ m
3

The transmission loss co-efficient, B
22
= 0.0025 MW
-1

Determine the power generation at each station and the power received by the
load when = 65 Rs / MWhr.

[15]

4 a) Using dynamic programming method, how do you find the most economical
combination of the units to meet a particular load demand.

[10]
b) Explain the need for unit commitment. [5]
5 a) With a neat block diagram explain the load frequency control for a single area
system.

[8]
b) Two generators rated 300 MW and 500 MW are operating in parallel. The
droop characteristics are 4% and 6% respectively. Assuming that the
generators are operating at 50 Hz at no load, how a load of 800 MW would be
shared. What is the system frequency? Assume free governor action.

[7]

Code No: R41024
Set No. 1
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6 Two power systems A & B are inter connected by a tie line and have power
frequency constants K
A
and K
B
per Hz. An increase in load of 500 MW on
system A causes a power transfer of 300 MW from B to A. When the tie
line is opened the frequency of system A is 49 HZ and of system B 50 Hz.
Determine the values of K
A
and K
B
, derive the formulae used.

[15]

7 a) Explain clearly about proportional plus integral load frequency control with a
block diagram.

[8]
b) Explain the load frequency control and economic dispatch control problem. [7]

8 a) What is load compensation explain in detail. [8]
b) Briefly explain some of the FACTS devices used in transmission system. [7]

Code No: R41024
Set No. 1
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*****
1 a) Explain in detail about heat rate curve and cost curve [8]
b) Name the components of production cost and explain. [7]

2 a) The fuel cost for a two unit steam power plant are given by
C
1
= 0.1 P
1
2
+ 25 P
1
+ 1.6 Rupees/hour
C
2
= 0.1 P
2
2
+ 32 P
2
+ 2.1 Rupees/hour
Where p's are in megawatt. If there is an error of 1% in the representation of
the input data, find the loss in operating economy for a load of 250 MW.

[7]
b) Discuss and explain the loss formula coefficients. [8]

3 a) Explain about Hydro thermal co-ordination with necessary equations. [7]
b) Explain in detail about short term hydrothermal scheduling problem [8]

4 a) Explain the Dynamic programming method to solve Unit commitment problem
in power systems.

[10]
b) Explain unit commitment problem [5]
5 a) Derive the model of a speed governing system and represent it by an equivalent
block diagram.

[7]
b) A 100 MW Asynchronous generator operates on full load at a frequency of 50
Hz. The load is suddenly reduced to 50 MW. Due to time lag in the governor
system, the steam valve begins to close after 0.4 secs. Determine the change in
frequency that occurs in this time. Given H=6 KW-s/KVA of generator
capacity.

[8]

6 a) What is meant by the tie line bias control. [5]
b) For two-area load frequency control with integral controller blocks, derive an
expression for steady values of change in frequency and tie line power for
simultaneously applied unit step load disturbance inputs in the two areas.

[10]

Code No: R41024
Set No. 2
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7 a) Draw the block diagram of load frequency control and economic load dispatch.
Explain its combined operation.

[7]
b) The two control areas of capacity 2000 and 800 MW are interconnected
through a tie-line. The parameters of each area based on its own capacity base
are R = 1 Hz/PU.MW and B = 0.02 PU.MW/Hz. If the control area 2
experiences an increment in load of 180MW,determine the static frequency
drop and the tie-line power.

[8]

8 a) Write the advantages and disadvantages of different types of compensating
equipment in a transmission system.
[7]
b) A 40 kW induction motor has power factor 0.85 and efficiency 0.9 at full load,
power factor 0.6 and efficiency 0.7 at half-load. At no-load, the current is 25%
of the full-load current and power factor 0.1. Capacitors are supplied to make
the line power factor 0.85 at half-load. With these capacitors in circuit, find the
line power factor at (i) full load, and (ii) no-load.

[8]

2 of 2
Code No: R41024
Set No. 2
R10
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*****
1 a) Explain in detail about the different types of constraints considered in a power
system.

[8]
b) Explain the various factors to be considered in allocating generation to
different power stations for optimum operation.

[7]

2 a) Give various uses of general loss formula and state the assumptions made for
calculating B
mn
coefficients.

[10]
b) Derive the condition for economic scheduling of generators in a plant. [5]

3 a) Solve analytically the short term hydro thermal scheduling. [8]
b) Develop the gradient method for short term hydro thermal scheduling
problem.

[7]

4 a) What is meant by unit commitment problem? Discuss a method for solving the
same.

[8]
b) Using dynamic programming method, how do you find the most economical
combination of the units to meet a particular load demand?

[7]

5 a) Explain the steady state analysis of an isolated power system.
[8]
b) Draw the block diagram representation of steam turbine and obtain the
approximate linear model.

[7]

6 a) Obtain the mathematical modeling of the line power in an interconnected
system and also draw its block diagram.
[8]
b) Explain the two-area with controlled case load frequency control problem. [7]

Code No: R41024
Set No. 3
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7 a) Prove that steady state response is zero for isolated power system with
Proportional Integral control.
[7]
b) Explain with a neat diagram of a load frequency control of two area system for
a controlled case.

[8]

8 a) Compare the different types of compensating equipment for transmission
systems.

[7]
b) A 3-Phase, 50 Hz, 2500 V motor develops 650 HP, the p.f being 0.85 lagging
and the efficiency 0.85. A bank of capacitors is connected in delta across the
supply terminals and the p.f raised to 0.95 lagging. Each of the capacitance unit
in each delta leg is built of five similar 600 V capacitors. Calculate the
capacitance of each capacitor.

[8]

2 of 2
Code No: R41024
Set No. 3
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*****
1 a) Explain how the incremental production cost of a thermal power station can be
determined.

[7]
b) Explain the various factors to be considered in allocating generation to
different power stations for optimum operation.

[8]

2 a) Obtain the condition for optimum operation of a power system with n plants
when losses considered.

[8]
b) Derive the condition for economic scheduling of generators in a plant. [7]

3 A two-plant system having a steam plant near the load centre and a hydro plant
at a remote location. The load is 520MW for 15 hrs a day and 330 MW, for 9
hrs a day.
The characteristics of the units are
C
1
= 100 + 50 P
GT
+ 0.075
2
GT
P Rs./hr
w
2
= 0.7 P
GH
+ 0.00283
2
GH
P m
3
/sec
Loss co-efficient, B
22
= 0.002 MW
-1

Find the generation schedule, daily water used by hydro plant
and daily operating cost of thermal plant for
j
=90 Rs./ m
3
-hr

[15]

4 a) What do you mean by unit commitment problem and discuss various
constraints related to Unit Commitment Problem.

[8]
b) Discuss in detail, the dynamic programming approach for the solution of Unit
Commitment Problem.

[7]

5 Draw the schematic diagram showing the speed changer setting, Governor and
steam admission valve and indicate how steam input is regulated with the
change in load. Derive the Transfer Function of the above system.

[15]

Code No: R41024
Set No. 4
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6 a) Explain the necessity of maintaining the frequency constant. [5]
b) Two power stations A & B each have regulation (R) of 0.1 p u (on respective
capacity bases) and stiffness K of 1.0 p. u. The capacity of system A is 1500
MW and of B 1000 MW. The two systems are interconnected through a tie line
and are initially at 60 Hz. If there is 100 MW load change in system A,
calculate the change in the steady-state values of frequency and power transfer
P
12
(with and without the participation of governor control).

[10]

7 a) What are the basic requirements needed for control strategy in Load Frequency
Control system.

[8]
b) Explain with a neat diagram of a load frequency control of two area system for
an uncontrolled case.

[7]

8 a) What are the merits and demerits of different types of compensation? [7]
b) A 50 kW induction motor has power factor 0.85 and efficiency 0.92 at full
load, power factor 0.65 and efficiency 0.75 at half-load. At no-load, the current
is 25% of the full-load current and power factor 0.1. Capacitors are supplied to
make the line power factor 0.8 at half-load. With these capacitors in circuit,
find the line power factor at (i) full load, and (ii) no-load.

[8]

2 of 2
Code No: R41024
Set No. 4
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IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, May/June 2014
UNCONVENTIONAL MACHINING PROCESSES
( Mechanical Engineering)

*****
1.

a) Distinguish between non-traditional machining methods and traditional
methods in respect of MRR, surface finish, accuracy and cost.
b) Discuss any eight advantages of Unconventional Processes.

[8]
[7]

2.

a)What are the various parameters which affect the MRR in
USM? Discuss them briefly.
b) With the help of neat sketch, explain the tool feed mechanism used in
ultrasonic machining.

[8]

[7]

3.

Describe the AJM process with the help of neat sketch and list out the
advantages and limitations of AJM.

[15]
4. a) Discuss the working principle of ECM process with the help of neat sketch.
b) List out the advantages, limitations and applications of ECM
[8]
[7]

5. a) Write the expression for metal removal rate in EDM and explain the
parameters involved in it.
b) What are the various advantages of EDM when compared to ECM? Explain

[8]
[7]

6.

a) Explain the advantages and limitations of LBM
b) Explain the principle of Laser and discuss the thermal features and analysis
of LBM
[7]

[8]

7. Discuss the process parameters which affect the quality of surface finish in the
following processes:
a) Chemical Machining
b) Plasma arc machining

[15]

8. Write working principle and uses of the following process:
a) Magnetic abrasive finishing process
b) Abrasive jet machining process
c) Electro stream drilling
d) Shaped tube electrolyte machining

[15]

Code No: R41034
Set No. 1
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*****
1. a) Discuss the limitations of using nontraditional machining in the industries
when compared to traditional machining.
b) Discuss any four characteristics of unconventional machining processes.

[8]
[7]

2. Draw the simple sketch of Ultrasonic Machine; label the important
components on it. Explain its working and applications in detail.

[15]

3. Draw the simple sketch of Abrasive Water jet machine, label the important
parts and discuss the working process. Also write the various abrasive
particles used in the process.

[15]

4. a) What are the different types of electrolytes used in ECM? Explain the
important characteristics of electrolytes used in ECM.
b) Explain the process of Electro Chemical Machining with simple
sketch.

[8]

[7]

5.

a) What are the various process parameters that affect the surface finish in
EDM? Explain them in detail.
b) Sketch and explain the Electrode feed control mechanism of EDM

[8]
[7]

6. Discuss the following:
a) Limitations of LBM
b) Electron Beam Gun
c) Process parameters in ECM

[15]
7. Draw the neat sketch and discuss the working of Plasma arc machining and
also list out the advantages, limitations of the process.

[15]

8. Write the important process parameters of the following process:

[15]

Code No: R41034
Set No. 2
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*****
1. List out the different types of Unconventional Machining Processes. Explain
the important characteristics of any four such processes.

[15]
2.

a) What are the different types of tool holder used in USM? Discuss them
briefly.
b) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Ultrasonic Method.

[8]
[7]

3. a) Explain the effect of various parameters which affect the on the surface
finish and rate of metal removal in abrasive water jet machining.
b) Enumerate the differences between water jet machining and abrasive jet
machining.

[8]
[7]

4.

a) What are the various parameters which affect the quality of machining using
ECM? Discuss them in detail.
b) Describe the principle and working of electro chemical deburring process.

[8]
[7]

5. Describe the process of EDM with the help of neat sketch and explain the
advantages and limitations of EDM.

[15]
6. a) What is laser? Explain how it is used in manufacturing field?
b) What are the important parameters which affect the quality of machining on
LBM? Discuss.
[7]

[8]

7.

a) What are the different etchants that are used in chemical machining?
Discuss the important characteristics.
b) Explain the advantages and limitations of Chemical machining.

[8]
[7]

8. Explain the important characteristics of the following process:

[15]

Code No: R41034
Set No. 3
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*****
1.

a) List out any four advantages of unconventional machining process when
compared to conventional methods.
b) Discuss the following related to UCMP:
i) Type of energy employed
ii) Economical aspects

[8]

[7]

2.

a) Explain the principle of ultrasonic machining and discuss the mechanism
involved in removal material by USM.
b) Discuss the applications of using USM.

[8]
[7]

3. a) Explain the process control measures to be taken to control quality and
MRR.
b) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of AJWM.

[8]
[7]

4. a) What the important points to be considered while designing the tool for
Electro Chemical Machining Process? Briefly discuss.
b) What are the limitations of ECM? Elaborate them in detail.

[8]
[7]

5. a) Describe the wire cut EDM process with neat sketch.
b) Explain the different types of errors occurred while machining the material
using EDM.
[7]

[8]

6.

a) Draw the neat sketch and explain the process of electron beam machining.
b) Distinguish between EBM and LBM.
[8]
[7]

7.

a) Enumerate the differences between chemical machining and
electrochemical machining.
b) Discuss the main applications of plasma Cutting system.

[8]
[7]

8 Write the applications and limitations of the following process:

[15]

Code No: R41034
Set No. 4
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RADAR SYSTEMS
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)
*****
1 a) Write about the nature of radar and maximum unambiguous radar [8]
b) With a neat diagram explain about the radar operation

[7]
2 a) Explain about the radar cross section of targets [8]
b) What are system range performance factors explain in detail

[7]
3 a) What are measurement errors [5]
b) Discuss about the Multiple Frequency CW Radar

[10]
4 a) Compare the various features of MTI Radar and Pulse Doppler radar [10]
b) Write about the limitations to MTI performance

[5]
5 a) Explain about i) sequential lobing ii) conical scan [8]
b) Write about the comparision of trackers.

[7]
6 a) What is the purpose of Instrument Landing System (ILS)? [5]
b) Explain the limitations of ILS and how the same have been overcome in the
MLS.

[10]
7 a) What is phase shifter [5]
b) Describe briefly the two different types of phased-array radar. State their
functions.

[10]
8 Write short notes on the following:
(a) Loran
(b) Remote Sensing Radar

[15]

Code No: R41044
Set No. 1
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RADAR SYSTEMS
*****
1 a) Explain in brief the various system losses in the radar. [8]
b) Write about the Radar frequencies

[7]
2 a) Derive the simplified version of radar range equation in terms of minimum
detectable signal to noise ratio(S/N)min. also explain why (S/N)min. is a
better measure of a radous detection performance than in minimum detectable
signal(Smin).

[8]
b) What do you understand by the terms duty cycle and unambiguous range of a
radar? What is the technique employed for resolving range ambiguifier.

[7]
3 a) Draw the block diagram of a pulsed RADAR and explain the significance of
designing IF amplifier as a matched filter. List the properties of a matched
filter for RADAR application.

[8]
b) Explain the need for integration of RADAR pulses and define the following
terms:
(i) Integration Efficiency(IE).
(ii)Integration Improvement Factor(IIF)
(iii)Integration Loss(IL)

[7]
4 a) What are delay line cancellors? explain [7]
b) Discuss about the staggered PRF

[8]
5 a) What are the basic differences between a search radar and a tracking radar? [5]
b) Discuss the various scanning techniques and tracking mechanisms.

[10]
6 a) The MTI Radar is used by a traffic control police to measure the speed of cars.
If the doppler frequency shift measured from the moving car is 1.6 KHz ,
calculate the speed of the car.

[5]
b) What do you understand by the term clutter? Enumerate the properties of Sea
and Land clutter.

[10]
7 Write short notes on the following:
(a) Hyperbolic Navigation
(b) Four Point Tracking

[15]
8 a) What is false alarm? [5]
b) Describe about the Automatic detection [10]

Code No: R41044
Set No. 2
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RADAR SYSTEMS
*****
1 a) Write about the Radar frequencies. [8]
b) With a neat diagram explain about the radar operation.

[7]
2 a) What is PRF? How to measure it? [7]
b) Explain about the range ambiguities?

[8]
3 a) Draw and explain CW- IF Radar in detail. [10]
b) What is the drawback in simple CW Radar? How it is overcome in CW- IF
Radar?

[5]
4 a) An MTI Radar is operating at 10 GHz with an PRF of 1000Hz.Calculate the
lowest three blend speed.

[5]
b) Compare the various features of MTI Radar and Pulse Doppler radar

[10]
5 a) Describe the type of operation of a line type radar modulator. [8]
b) What are the advantages of that type of modulator? What is its most
significant drawback?

[7]
6 a) What are phased arrays? [5]
b) Describe about the architecture of phased arrays.

[10]
7 a) What is a detection criterion? [5]
b) Explain about the Detector characteristics.

[10]
8 a) What is false alarm? [5]
b) Describe about the false Alarm rate receiver. [10]

Code No: R41044
Set No. 3
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RADAR SYSTEMS
*****
1 a) What is radar resolution? [8]
b) Explain in brief radar resolution cell.

[7]
2 a) What is minimum detectable signal? [5]
b) Explain about (i) receiver noise (ii) SNR

[10]
3 a) What do you understand by the term clutter? [5]
b) Explain the different types of clutter.
Enumerate the properties of Sea and Land clutter.

[10]
4 a) Define MTI radarand explain its significance [7]
b) Discuss about Range gated Doppler filters

[8]
5 a) With a suitable block diagram explain the working of a conical scan tracking
radar.

[8]
b) Explain the various factors that need to be considered in determining the
optimum squint angle.

[7]
6 a) What is Doppler frequency shift? [5]
b) Derive an expression for doppler frequency shift in terms of transmitted
frequency and radial component of target velocity vector.

[10]
7 a) What are antenna parameters? [5]
b) Write about Reflector antennas

[10]
8 a) What do you mean by RCS? [5]
b) Explain the RCS of following:
(i.) Sphere (ii) Rod (iii) Complex target

[10]

Code No: R41044
Set No. 4
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1 of 1
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MOBILE COMPUTING
(Common to Computer Science & Engineering and Information Technology)

*****
1. a) Discuss in detail about location management in mobile networks.
b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a wireless transmission as
compared to a fibre or wire transmission?

2. What is the principal of frequency reuse in the context of cellular networks? Explain five
ways of increasing the capacity of a cellular system.

3. a) What does it mean that GSM system uses both FDMA and TDMA Techniques?
Explain.
b) Describe GSM tele communication standard.

4. What is multiplexing? Explain the different types of multiplexing techniques and state
their merits and demerits.

5. a) Explain in detail about agent advertisement and discovery during IP packet delivery.
b) Describe the need of registration and registration process in mobile IP.

6. a) Describe synchronization usage models in mobile applications.
b) What do you mean by PIM data synchronization? What are the PIM objects managed
by PIM synchronization messages?

7. a) Describe MANET. How does a MANET differ from a fixed infrastructure network?
b) Briefly explain the applications of sensor networks in real life.

8. a) What are the security threats to a MANET? Why a MANET faces grater security
threats than a fixed infrastructure network?
b) What are the services provided by Wireless Session Protocol? Explain.

Code No: R41054
Set No. 1
R10
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MOBILE COMPUTING

*****
1. a) What are the software layers and components needed in a mobile computing device?
b) Is a directional antenna useful for mobile phones? Why?

2. a) Explain the frequency management and channel assignment in cellular networks.
b) How do smartcards, smart tables work, if they have no internal battery?

3. Explain the steps involved in the call delivery procedure in GSM network in the
following cases:
a) GSM mobile terminated call
b) GSM mobile originated call.

4. a) Explain the operation of CDMA with a timing diagram.
b) Discuss the main features of spread spectrum.

5. a) Why standard IP cannot be used in mobile networks? Explain.
b) Discuss in detail about snooping TCP and mobile TCP.

6. a) Illustrate the architecture for data synchronization in mobile computing systems.
b) What are mobile agents? Explain the architecture of mobile agent.

7. a) List factors responsible for making routing in adhoc network difficult and explain each
in brief.
b) Explain how MANETS are deployed in various applications.

8. a) Explain the security issues of Wireless Network that are different from Wired
Network.
b) What is IEEE 802.11 standard? Compare it with OSI model layer by layer and tabulate
the Result

Code No: R41054
Set No. 2
R10
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MOBILE COMPUTING

*****
1. a) Compare and contrast guided and unguided transmission.
b) Briefly describe the modulation methods and standards for voice oriented data
communication.

2. a) Explain the functioning of a cellular network. How the given sets of frequencies are
used to increase the capacity of a network?
b) Describe the functioning of a smart card. Why is secured hardware and software
required for a smartcard?

3. a) How data is handles in GPRS? Describe the limitations of GPRS.
b) Give the architecture of the GSM. Explain various components of it.

4. a) Briefly explain about CDMA and WCDMA 3G communication standards.
b) What are the transmission impairments that affect wireless signals? Explain.

5. a) Explain the operation of mobile IP. Why tunneling is used in mobile IP?
b) What are the additional messages needed for optimized mobile IP protocol?

6. Explain the mobile agent architecture with appropriate diagram.

7. a) What are wireless sensor networks? Explain the similarities in MANETS and wireless
sensor networks.
b) Describe the properties of MANETS.

8. a) What is a simple WAP infrastructure? Outline the features of basic elements of WAP
profile.
b) Explain the problems of Hidden terminal and exposed terminal in wireless LAN

Code No: R41054
Set No. 3
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MOBILE COMPUTING

*****
1. a) Briefly describe the modulation methods and standards for data and voice
communication.
b) Is directional antenna useful for mobile phones? Why?
2. a) Describe various features of a smart phone with multimedia features.
b) Explain how sectoring and microcell zone concept improve coverage and capacity in
cellular systems.

3. a) List out the security services offered by the GSM. Can you recover a GSM system if
both the HLR and VLR fail at the same time?
b) What are the various identifiers used in GSM? Give their use.

4. a)What are the benefits of spread spectrum? Describe frequency hopping spread spectrum
b) What are the features of 3G and 4G SYSTEMS?

5. Give the detailed discussion of handover management and location management in
mobile IP network layer.

6. a) What are different types of synchronization? Discuss the application of each.
b) What is adhoc network? List its characteristics and application

7. a) Write about the application of wireless sensor network in home personal area
networking as in industrial plants.
b) Discuss the applications of adhoc networks. Also explain why routing is difficult in
adhoc networks.

8. a) List the basic components of WAP architecture.
b) Write the advantages of WLAN. Explain the applications of WLAN in various areas of
Networking

Code No: R41054
Set No. 4
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Code No: M0223/R07 Set No. 1
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, May/Jun 2014
POWER SYSTEM OPERATION AND CONTROL
(Electrical & Electronics Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions

1. The incremental fuel cost of two plants are given as
dF
1
dP
1
= 0.1P
1
+ 20 and
dF
2
dP
2
= 0.12P
2
+ 16 Rs/MWhr. The loads on each plant 20 P 125. Determine
the economic division of the load between two units for a total demand of 150 MW.
The losses are neglected the corresponding incremental fuel cost is? [16]
2. Derive the coordination equations for economic scheduling including the eect of
network losses in a purely thermal system and explain the - iteration method of
solving them with the help of ow chart. [16]
3. Derive Mathematical Formulation for Hydro thermal scheduling. [16]
4. Draw the block diagram of a power system showing the governor, turbine and
syn.generator, indicating their transfer functions. For a step disturbance of P
D
,
obtain the response of increment in frequency, making suitable assumptions.
(a) Without proportional plus integral controller and
(b) With proportional plus integral control. [8+8]
5. A power system has load of 1250 MW at 50 Hz. If 50 MW load is tripped, nd the
steady state frequency deviation when
(a) there is no speed control
(b) the system has a reserve of 200 MW spread over 500 MW of generation ca-
pacity with 5 % regulation on this capacity.
All the generators are operating with valves wide open. Due to dead band only
80 % of governors respond to load change. Assume load damping constant B=1.5.
[16]
6. Draw the block diagram of load frequency control in two area control system and
explain. [16]
7. Derive the transfer function (F(s)/P
D
(s)) for proportional and integral control
of a single area system. [16]
8. A 3-phase single circuit, 220kV, line runs at no load. voltage at the receiving
end of the line is 205kV. Find the sending end voltage, if the line has resistance
of 21.7ohms, reactance of 85.2ohms and the total suceptance of 5.32 10
- 4
mho.
The transmission line is to be represented by model. [16]

1 of 1
|'''|'|'|''||''|''||

1. (a) What is the need of optimal operation of power systems?
(b) The fuel costs for two plants are given by C
1
= 0.15 P
1
2
+30P
1
+25, C
2
= 0.17
P
2
2
+28P
2
+20 where C is in Rs/Hr and P is in MW. If both units operate at
all time and maximum and minimum load on each unit are 100 MW and 20
MW respectively determine the economic operating schedule of the plant for
loads of 40 MW, 120 MW. [12+4]
3. Explain the problem of scheduling hydro - thermal power plants and What are the
constraints in the problem? [16]
D
,
5. (a) What are the various specications that are to be considered in load frequency
control?
(b) Explain briey the control area concept and control area error. [8+8]
6. Two interconnected areas 1 and 2 have the capacity of 200MW and 500MW respec-
tively. The incremental regulation and damping torque co-ecient for each area
on its own base are 0.2 pu and 0.08 pu respectively. Find the steady state change
in system frequency from a nominal frequency of 50 Hz and the change in steady
state tie-line power following a 750MW change in load of area 1. [16]
7. What are the requirements of control strategy in integral control? Explain the role
played by the controller?s gain setting in the frequency control. [16]
8. Explain the reasons for variations of voltages in power systems and explain any one
method to improve the voltage prole. [16]

1 of 1
|'''|'|'|''||''|''||

1. The fuel cost functions in Rs./hr. for three thermal plants are given by
C
1
= 400+8.4P
1
+0.006P
1
2
, 100 P
1
600
C
2
= 650+6.78P
2
+0.004P
2
2
, 300 P
3
650
Where P
1
, P
2
, are in MW. Neglecting line losses and including generator limits,
determine the optimal generation scheduling where P
D
= 1550MW. [16]
2. (a) Assuming any relevant data and notation, derive the transmission loss formula.
(b) Discuss about the optimum generator allocation with out line losses. [16]
3. Determine the daily water used by hydro plant and daily operating cost of thermal
plant with the load connected for total 24 hrs from the given data.
The load connected, P
D
= 400MW
Generation of thermal plant, P
GT
= 200MW
Generation of hydro plant, P
GH
= 300MW. [16]
4. Discus in detail the following components of excitation system.
(a) Error Amplier
(b) SCR Power Amplier
(c) Main Exciter and
(d) Alternator. [4+4+4+4]
5. With a neat block diagram explain the steady state analysis of an isolated power
system. [16]
7. Explain the proportional plus integral control for load frequency control of a single
area system. [16]

1 of 1
|'''|'|'|''||''|''||

1. Incremental fuel costs in rupees per megawatt hour for two units are given by
dF
1
dP
1
= 0.2P
1
+ 40 and
dF
2
dP
2
= 0.125P
2
+ 35
Determine the savings in fuel cost in Rs per hour for the economic distribution of
a total load of 500MW between the two units of the plants with the distribution of
same load. [16]
2. (a) Explain with diagram the physical interpretation of co-ordination equation.
(b) Derive the condition for the optimum scheduling of generation of units in a
steam power plant. [8+8]
3. Explain KIRCHMAYERs Method of hydro thermal scheduling. [16]
4. (a) Explain the necessity of maintaining a constant frequency in power system
operation.
(b) Two generators rated 100 MW and 400 MW are operating in parallel. The
droop characteristics of their governors are 2% and 4% respectively from no
load to full load. Assuming that the generators are operating at 50 Hz at
noload, how would a load of 500 MW be shared between them? What will be
the system frequency at this load? Assume free governor operation. [6+10]
5. (a) What are the basic requirements of a load frequency control problem?
(b) A 500 MVA synchronous generator operates on full load at a frequency of 50
Hz. The load is reduced to 400 MW. The stem valve begins to operate with
a time lag of 0.5 seconds. Determine the change in frequency if H=5 kW-sec
per kVA. [8+8]
6. Two generating stations A and B have the capacities 500MWand 800MW respec-
tively are inter-connected by a short line. The percentage speed regulations from
no-load to full load of the two stations are 2 and 3 respectively. Find the power
generation at each station and power transfer through the line if the load on bus
of each station is 200MW. [16]
7. Explain how modern control theory can be applied to load frequency control prob-
lem. [16]
8. (a) Explain about the losses that occur due to VAR ow in power systems.
(b) Explain how the generators act as VAR sources in a power network. [8+8]

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|'''|'|'|''||''|''||
INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL SYSTEMS
( Common to Mechanical Engineering and Automobile Engineering)

1. By means of examples and neat sketches explain various types of errors encountered
in measurements. [16]
2. (a) Distinguish between RTD and thermisters.
(b) State the laws of thermocouples. How are the laws useful in construction of
thermocouple thermometers? [6+10]
3. (a) Explain how an elastic diaphragm gauge is used to measure pressure with the
help of a relevant sketch.
(b) List the limitations of elastic diaphragm gauge.
(c) Discuss the merits and demerits of elastic sensing elements. [8+4+4]
4. What are the dierent direct methods available for the measurement of liquid level.
Explain any two of them. [16]
5. Explain with neat sketches the working of Mechanical Tachometers. [16]
6. (a) What is gauge rosette? [2+6+8]
(b) An electric resistance strain gauge of 300 resistance and gauge factor 2 is
bonded to a specimen of steel. Calculate the change in resistance of the gauge
when a tensile stress of 75MN/m
2
is applied on the specimen.
(c) Explain the two arm and four arm conditions used for strain measurement.
7. (a) Explain how Spring balances can be used for measurement of force. Describe
their working ,advantages and limitations.
(b) Dene the Psychometric terms:
(i) Relative humidity (ii) Dew point temperature
(iii) Wet bulb temperature. [10+6]
8. (a) Sketch and explain position control using servo motor.
(b) Sketch and explain open loop and closed loop temperature control system with
block diagrams.
(c) Briey explain about positive feedback and negative feed back. [6+6+4]

1 of 1
|'''|'|'|''||''|''||

1. (a) Distinguish between direct and indirect methods of measurements with suit-
able examples.
(b) Explain how rst order instruments respond to ramp input. [6+10]
2. (a) List electrical transducers for measurement of linear and angular displacement.
(b) Explain by means of neat sketches how wire wound and carbon lm poten-
tiometers can be used for measurement if linear and angular displacement.
[4+12]
3. (a) Describe the construction, working and theory of a Bridgman gauge for mea-
surement of high pressures.
(b) Briey explain the principle employed in manometers used for the measure-
ment of pressure. [10+6]
5. (a) Is it stroboscope satisfactory for low speed say 100 -200 rpm, measurements?
If not why?
(b) Why vibrations has to be measured. How vibrations are measured?
(c) Describe the Working principle of Vibration reed tachometer. [4+6+6]
6. (a) If a strain gauge has a low gauge factor, what does it indicate.
(b) Name the various types of strain gauges for dierent applications.
(c) Distinguish between bonded and unbonded type of resistance strain gauge.
[3+3+10]
7. (a) What are proving rings? Explain how they can be used for measurement of
force using a vibrating reed and a micrometer.
(b) Sketch and explain the constructional details and working of a dew point
meter. [8+8]
8. (a) With suitable examples, bring out the advantages of closed loop system over
open loop system.
(b) Draw a block diagram of the closed loop system considered above. Also explain
why negative feed back is invariably preferred in such systems. [8+8]

1 of 1
|'''|'|'|''||''|''||

1. (a) Distinguish between primary, secondary and tertiary calibrations.
(b) State and explain the desirable static and dynamic characteristics of measuring
instruments. [6+10]
2. (a) What are thermopiles? What are their advantages?
(b) Explain by means of neat sketches, the working of total radiation pyrometer.
[6+10]
3. Describe with a neat sketch the principle of working of
(a) McLeod Gauge
(b) Ionization Gauge
and also their advantages and limitations [8+8]
4. (a) Explain how a wire mounted normal to probe axis, type hot wire anemome-
ter is used in ow measurement. Enumerate the principle of operation and its
limitations.
(b) List out the important of calibration of ow measuring instruments. [12+4]
5. (a) Dene shock and vibrations.
(b) How seismic instruments used for measuring acceleration? Explain in detail.
(c) What are the advantages of piezoelectric type accelerometer? [4+8+4]
6. (a) What are the advantages and disadvantages of mechanical strain gauges over
optical srtain gauges.
(b) A 200 strain gauge is bonded to a steel bar which is subjected to a tensile
load. Cross sectional area of the bar is 0.9 10
4
m
2
and E= 200GN/m
2
.If
load of 100 kN produces a change of 1.5 in the gauge resistance. Determine
the gauge factor of the gauge. [6+10]
7. (a) Explain briey how a stroboscopic is used to measure torque.
(b) Explain the method of measuring force using a pneumatic load cell. [8+8]
8. (a) Explain with neat block diagram of closed loop positioned system.
(b) Describe with neat sketch the closed loop speed control system. [6+10]

1 of 1
|'''|'|'|''||''|''||

1. (a) Distinguish between the following:
(i) Error & accuracy (ii) Imprecission & bias (iii) Zero drift and
sensitivity drift
(b) Discuss the step and ramp input response to rst order instruments. [6+10]
[4+12]
3. (a) Discuss the merits and demerits of the following pressure sensing elements
(i) Capsule (ii) Bourdon tube (iii) Bellows guage.
(b) Explain the working principle operation of pirani gauge and also its limitations
and merits. [6+10]
4. (a) Explain the principle of operation of a Rotameter. What are its limitations?
(b) Discuss the types of ow meters. [8+8]
5. (a) Name dierent electrical non-contact type tachometers. Explain with neat
diagram, working of an inductive pick up tachometer.
(b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of piezoelectric type accelerometer
? [10+6]
6. (a) What do you understand by strain gauge rosettes and the need for them?
(b) Tree strain gauges in the form of a delta rosette were attached to a specimen
to nds strain. The readings of three gauges are
1
=800,
2
=400,
3
=0. De-
termine the principal strains, principal stresses and the location of principal
plane. Assume E=680 102N/mm
2
and =0.33. [6+10]
7. (a) What are Transmission dynamometers? Explain the constructional detail of
any One type of transmission dynamometer.
(b) With neat sketch explain the working principle of Proving ring. [8+8]
8. (a) What is the signicance of block diagrams in control systems?
(b) Distinguish between Manual control system and Automatic control systems.
[8+8]

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|'''|'|'|''||''|''||

NETWORK PROGRAMMING

Time : 3 hours Max. Marks:80
*****
1 a) Map layers in OSI with Internet protocol suit? [8]
b) Write a short notes on UNIX standards.

[8]
2 a) Write in detail about six byte manipulation functions that operate on byte
and memory.

[8]
b) What is socket address structure? Write the socket address structure of IPv4
in detail.

[8]
3 Define echo Server? Write a program for TCP echo client/server using
socket functions.

[16]
4 Explain the scenario where I/O multiplexing is used in network applications?
Write any two I/o models.

[16]
5 a) Does UDP support flow control? If so explain lack of flow control in UDP. [8]
b) Write a short notes on TCP,UDP, SCTP protocols.

[8]
6 a) Write about gethostbyname function in detail? [8]
b) Write in detail about domain name system?

[8]
7 Define IPC? Write the five steps involved in message Queues.

[16]

8 Explain the following
a) Uname function
b) wait and waitpid
c) rlogin

[16]

Code No:N0521
Set No. 1
R07
1 of 1
|'''|'|'|''||''|''||

NETWORK PROGRAMMING

*****
1 a) Write an overview of Tcp/ip protocols in detail

[8]
b) TCP connection establishment is a three way hand shake? Justify

[8]
2 a) Discusses different socket functions that pass socket address structure from
process to the kernel and kernel to the process.

[8]
b) Write short notes on any four address conversion functions.

[8]
3 a) Define signal. Do every signal has a disposition? Discuss. [8]
b) Write a program for signal function that calls sigaction function.

[8]
4 Draw and explain five I/O models available in UNIX in detail.

[16]
5 a) Explain the summary of UDP client/server from clients perspective [8]
b) Explain the summary of UDP client/server from clients perspective

[8]
6 Discuss the following
i). Resource Records
ii). Resolvers and name servers
iii). DNS alternatives

[16]
7 Explore different IPC techniques and write any two IPC techniques with
example programs

[16]
8 Explain the following
a) fork() and Vfork()
b) pseudo-terminals
c) getsockopt

[16]

Code No:N0521
Set No. 2
R07
1 of 1
|'''|'|'|''||''|''||

NETWORK PROGRAMMING

*****
1 a) Do TCP provide reliable service than UDP? Compare TCP and UDP ? [8]
b) Draw and explain TCP state transition diagram for connection establishment
and termination?

[8]
2 Explain elementary TCP client/server socket functions with syntax and return
values in detail

[16]
3 Define socket? Write a program for TCP client/server that takes a string from
client side and reverse the string at the server side and display the same at
client side.

[16]
4 a) Explain the Data structure for TCP echo server (Revisted) with an example. [8]
b) Write in detail about poll function.

[8]
5 Define echo server? Write a program for UDP echo client/server?

[16]
6 a) Explain the following
i) gethostbyname
ii) gethostbyaddr

[8]
b) Write a short note on other networking information?

[8]
7 a) Write about File and record locking? [8]
b) Distinguish pipeand named pipe and write a program for any one of them?

[8]
8 a) Write a short notes on rlogin [8]
b) Discuss RPC Transparency issues [8]

Code No:N0521
Set No. 3
R07
1 of 1
|'''|'|'|''||''|''||

NETWORK PROGRAMMING
*****
1 a) Explain in detail about OSI seven Layers? [8]
b) Discuss steps and buffers involved when an application writes to TCP and
UDP socket.

[8]
2 a) How do UNIX creates a new process? Write about six exec functions? [8]
b) Define socket address structure? Write the socket address structure of IPV6 in
detail.

[8]
3 a) Explain the following system calls?
i) Listen() ii) bind() C iii) Connect() iv) socket()

[8]
b) Write a short note on posix signal handling?

[8]
4 a) Write any three I/O models in UNIX in detail [8]
b) Write a short note on TCP socket options and IPv6 socket options.

[8]
5 a) Draw the elementary figure for UDP client/ server socket functions and write
the syntax for sendto () and recvfrom () functions.

[8]
b) Write a short note on Lack of flow control with UDP?

[8]
6 a) Discuss the following
i) Uname function ii) gethostbyname function

[8]
b) Draw the typical arrangement of client, resolver and name server and explain
each.

[8]
7 Write about the following
i) Pipes
ii) FIFO
iii) File and record locking

[16]
8 a) Write about terminal line disciplines [8]
b) Discuss about terminal modes and control terminals

[8]

Code No:N0521
Set No. 4
R07
1 of 1
|'''|'|'|''||''|''||

1. The incremental fuel cost of two plants are given as
dF
1
dP
1
= 0.1P
1
+ 20 and
dF
2
dP
2
= 0.12P
2
+ 16 Rs/MWhr. The loads on each plant 20 P 125. Determine
the economic division of the load between two units for a total demand of 150 MW.
The losses are neglected the corresponding incremental fuel cost is? [16]
3. Derive Mathematical Formulation for Hydro thermal scheduling. [16]
D
,
5. A power system has load of 1250 MW at 50 Hz. If 50 MW load is tripped, nd the
steady state frequency deviation when
(a) there is no speed control
(b) the system has a reserve of 200 MW spread over 500 MW of generation ca-
pacity with 5 % regulation on this capacity.
All the generators are operating with valves wide open. Due to dead band only
80 % of governors respond to load change. Assume load damping constant B=1.5.
[16]
6. Draw the block diagram of load frequency control in two area control system and
explain. [16]
7. Derive the transfer function (F(s)/P
D
(s)) for proportional and integral control
of a single area system. [16]
8. A 3-phase single circuit, 220kV, line runs at no load. voltage at the receiving
end of the line is 205kV. Find the sending end voltage, if the line has resistance
of 21.7ohms, reactance of 85.2ohms and the total suceptance of 5.32 10
- 4
mho.
The transmission line is to be represented by model. [16]

1 of 1
|'''|'|'|''||''|''||

1. (a) What is the need of optimal operation of power systems?
(b) The fuel costs for two plants are given by C
1
= 0.15 P
1
2
+30P
1
+25, C
2
= 0.17
P
2
2
+28P
2
+20 where C is in Rs/Hr and P is in MW. If both units operate at
all time and maximum and minimum load on each unit are 100 MW and 20
MW respectively determine the economic operating schedule of the plant for
loads of 40 MW, 120 MW. [12+4]
3. Explain the problem of scheduling hydro - thermal power plants and What are the
constraints in the problem? [16]
D
,
5. (a) What are the various specications that are to be considered in load frequency
control?
(b) Explain briey the control area concept and control area error. [8+8]
7. What are the requirements of control strategy in integral control? Explain the role
played by the controller?s gain setting in the frequency control. [16]

1 of 1
|'''|'|'|''||''|''||

1. The fuel cost functions in Rs./hr. for three thermal plants are given by
C
1
= 400+8.4P
1
+0.006P
1
2
, 100 P
1
600
C
2
= 650+6.78P
2
+0.004P
2
2
, 300 P
3
650
Where P
1
, P
2
, are in MW. Neglecting line losses and including generator limits,
determine the optimal generation scheduling where P
D
= 1550MW. [16]
2. (a) Assuming any relevant data and notation, derive the transmission loss formula.
(b) Discuss about the optimum generator allocation with out line losses. [16]
3. Determine the daily water used by hydro plant and daily operating cost of thermal
plant with the load connected for total 24 hrs from the given data.
The load connected, P
D
= 400MW
Generation of thermal plant, P
GT
= 200MW
Generation of hydro plant, P
GH
= 300MW. [16]
4. Discus in detail the following components of excitation system.
(a) Error Amplier
(b) SCR Power Amplier
(c) Main Exciter and
(d) Alternator. [4+4+4+4]
5. With a neat block diagram explain the steady state analysis of an isolated power
system. [16]
7. Explain the proportional plus integral control for load frequency control of a single
area system. [16]

1 of 1
|'''|'|'|''||''|''||

1. Incremental fuel costs in rupees per megawatt hour for two units are given by
dF
1
dP
1
= 0.2P
1
+ 40 and
dF
2
dP
2
= 0.125P
2
+ 35
Determine the savings in fuel cost in Rs per hour for the economic distribution of
a total load of 500MW between the two units of the plants with the distribution of
same load. [16]
2. (a) Explain with diagram the physical interpretation of co-ordination equation.
(b) Derive the condition for the optimum scheduling of generation of units in a
steam power plant. [8+8]
3. Explain KIRCHMAYERs Method of hydro thermal scheduling. [16]
4. (a) Explain the necessity of maintaining a constant frequency in power system
operation.
(b) Two generators rated 100 MW and 400 MW are operating in parallel. The
droop characteristics of their governors are 2% and 4% respectively from no
load to full load. Assuming that the generators are operating at 50 Hz at
noload, how would a load of 500 MW be shared between them? What will be
the system frequency at this load? Assume free governor operation. [6+10]
5. (a) What are the basic requirements of a load frequency control problem?
(b) A 500 MVA synchronous generator operates on full load at a frequency of 50
Hz. The load is reduced to 400 MW. The stem valve begins to operate with
a time lag of 0.5 seconds. Determine the change in frequency if H=5 kW-sec
per kVA. [8+8]
6. Two generating stations A and B have the capacities 500MWand 800MW respec-
tively are inter-connected by a short line. The percentage speed regulations from
no-load to full load of the two stations are 2 and 3 respectively. Find the power
generation at each station and power transfer through the line if the load on bus
of each station is 200MW. [16]
7. Explain how modern control theory can be applied to load frequency control prob-
lem. [16]
8. (a) Explain about the losses that occur due to VAR ow in power systems.
(b) Explain how the generators act as VAR sources in a power network. [8+8]

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Code No: N0304/R05 Set No. 1

1. By means of examples and neat sketches explain various types of errors encountered
in measurements. [16]
2. (a) Distinguish between RTD and thermisters.
(b) State the laws of thermocouples. How are the laws useful in construction of
thermocouple thermometers? [6+10]
3. (a) Explain how an elastic diaphragm gauge is used to measure pressure with the
help of a relevant sketch.
(b) List the limitations of elastic diaphragm gauge.
(c) Discuss the merits and demerits of elastic sensing elements. [8+4+4]
5. Explain with neat sketches the working of Mechanical Tachometers. [16]
6. (a) What is gauge rosette? [2+6+8]
(b) An electric resistance strain gauge of 300 resistance and gauge factor 2 is
bonded to a specimen of steel. Calculate the change in resistance of the gauge
when a tensile stress of 75MN/m
2
is applied on the specimen.
(c) Explain the two arm and four arm conditions used for strain measurement.
7. (a) Explain how Spring balances can be used for measurement of force. Describe
their working ,advantages and limitations.
(b) Dene the Psychometric terms:
(i) Relative humidity (ii) Dew point temperature
(iii) Wet bulb temperature. [10+6]
8. (a) Sketch and explain position control using servo motor.
(b) Sketch and explain open loop and closed loop temperature control system with
block diagrams.
(c) Briey explain about positive feedback and negative feed back. [6+6+4]

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1. (a) Distinguish between direct and indirect methods of measurements with suit-
able examples.
(b) Explain how rst order instruments respond to ramp input. [6+10]
[4+12]
3. (a) Describe the construction, working and theory of a Bridgman gauge for mea-
surement of high pressures.
(b) Briey explain the principle employed in manometers used for the measure-
ment of pressure. [10+6]
5. (a) Is it stroboscope satisfactory for low speed say 100 -200 rpm, measurements?
If not why?
(b) Why vibrations has to be measured. How vibrations are measured?
(c) Describe the Working principle of Vibration reed tachometer. [4+6+6]
6. (a) If a strain gauge has a low gauge factor, what does it indicate.
(b) Name the various types of strain gauges for dierent applications.
(c) Distinguish between bonded and unbonded type of resistance strain gauge.
[3+3+10]
7. (a) What are proving rings? Explain how they can be used for measurement of
force using a vibrating reed and a micrometer.
(b) Sketch and explain the constructional details and working of a dew point
meter. [8+8]
8. (a) With suitable examples, bring out the advantages of closed loop system over
open loop system.
(b) Draw a block diagram of the closed loop system considered above. Also explain
why negative feed back is invariably preferred in such systems. [8+8]

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1. (a) Distinguish between primary, secondary and tertiary calibrations.
(b) State and explain the desirable static and dynamic characteristics of measuring
instruments. [6+10]
2. (a) What are thermopiles? What are their advantages?
(b) Explain by means of neat sketches, the working of total radiation pyrometer.
[6+10]
3. Describe with a neat sketch the principle of working of
(a) McLeod Gauge
(b) Ionization Gauge
and also their advantages and limitations [8+8]
4. (a) Explain how a wire mounted normal to probe axis, type hot wire anemome-
ter is used in ow measurement. Enumerate the principle of operation and its
limitations.
(b) List out the important of calibration of ow measuring instruments. [12+4]
5. (a) Dene shock and vibrations.
(b) How seismic instruments used for measuring acceleration? Explain in detail.
(c) What are the advantages of piezoelectric type accelerometer? [4+8+4]
6. (a) What are the advantages and disadvantages of mechanical strain gauges over
optical srtain gauges.
(b) A 200 strain gauge is bonded to a steel bar which is subjected to a tensile
load. Cross sectional area of the bar is 0.9 10
4
m
2
and E= 200GN/m
2
.If
load of 100 kN produces a change of 1.5 in the gauge resistance. Determine
the gauge factor of the gauge. [6+10]
7. (a) Explain briey how a stroboscopic is used to measure torque.
(b) Explain the method of measuring force using a pneumatic load cell. [8+8]
8. (a) Explain with neat block diagram of closed loop positioned system.
(b) Describe with neat sketch the closed loop speed control system. [6+10]

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1. (a) Distinguish between the following:
(i) Error & accuracy (ii) Imprecission & bias (iii) Zero drift and
sensitivity drift
(b) Discuss the step and ramp input response to rst order instruments. [6+10]
[4+12]
3. (a) Discuss the merits and demerits of the following pressure sensing elements
(i) Capsule (ii) Bourdon tube (iii) Bellows guage.
(b) Explain the working principle operation of pirani gauge and also its limitations
and merits. [6+10]
4. (a) Explain the principle of operation of a Rotameter. What are its limitations?
(b) Discuss the types of ow meters. [8+8]
5. (a) Name dierent electrical non-contact type tachometers. Explain with neat
diagram, working of an inductive pick up tachometer.
(b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of piezoelectric type accelerometer
? [10+6]
6. (a) What do you understand by strain gauge rosettes and the need for them?
(b) Tree strain gauges in the form of a delta rosette were attached to a specimen
to nds strain. The readings of three gauges are
1
=800,
2
=400,
3
=0. De-
termine the principal strains, principal stresses and the location of principal
plane. Assume E=680 102N/mm
2
and =0.33. [6+10]
7. (a) What are Transmission dynamometers? Explain the constructional detail of
any One type of transmission dynamometer.
(b) With neat sketch explain the working principle of Proving ring. [8+8]
8. (a) What is the signicance of block diagrams in control systems?
(b) Distinguish between Manual control system and Automatic control systems.
[8+8]

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RADAR SYSTEMS
*****
1 a) Obtain the simple form of radar range equation. Why it is not adequate to
describe the performance of practical radar?

[8]
b) Calculate maximum range of radar which operates at 3 cm, with a peak power
of 600 Kw, if its antenna is m
2
and radar cross section area of target is 20 m
2
.

[8]
2 a) What do you understand by minimum detectable signal and maximum
range?

[4]
b) Describe the prediction of range performance. [5]
c) Discuss pre and post detection integration of radar return pulses.

[7]
3 a) Explain the radar system losses in detail. [10]
b) What is Doppler effect? An aircraft is moving with a velocity of 500 m/sec.
What is the Doppler frequency shift produces on a radar operating at 6 GHz.

[6]
4 a) Draw the block diagram of FM-CW radar using side band super heterodyne
receiver and explain its operation.

[10]
b) Discuss the sources of measurement errors of a radar altimeter.

[6]
5 a) Explain the MTI radar with power amplifier transmitter in detail [8]
b) Explain the construction details of delay line cancellers.

[8]
6 a) Draw the block diagram of range gated Doppler filters and explain. [12]
b) Differentiate between MTI verses pulse Doppler radar.

[4]
7 a) Explain in detail about sequential lobing. [8]
b) Discuss in detail target reflection characteristics and angular accuracy.

[8]
8 a) What are different feeds used for paraboloids? Describe them briefly and
suggest the best feed giving reasons.

[12]
b) Explain the significance of (f/D) ration in paraboloid antenna. [4]

Code No: N0503
Set No. 1
R05
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RADAR SYSTEMS
*****
1 a) Describe the radar block diagram and operation. [8]
b) A ship board radar 0.9 sec pulse width, two small boats in the same direction are
separated in range 150 m. will radar detect the two boats as two targets.

[2]
c) A pulse radar transmitter peak power of 1 MW. It has PRT equal to 1000 sec and
transmitted pulse width 1 sec. Calculate i) maximum unambiguous range
ii) Average power iii) duty cycle iv) Energy transmitted per second
v) Bandwidth

[6]
2 a) Derive the radar equation by including noise figure and signal to noise ratio. [10]
b) What should be the pulse repetition frequency of a radar in order to achieve a
maximum unambiguous range.

[2]
c) The bandwidth of an I.F. amplifier in a radar receiver in 1 MHz. If the threshold to
noise ratio is 12.8 dB. Determine the false alarm time.

[4]
3 a) With a neat sketch, explain CW radar. [8]
b) Why CW radar cannot be used for range measurement? [3]
c) Discuss the various sources of errors that effect the performance of CW radar.

[5]
4 a) How range and velocity measurements are made in FM-CW radar? Derive
expression for range with the help of frequency time diagram for triangular
modulation.

[12]
b) An MTI radar operates at 8 GHz with a PRF of 3500 pps. Calculate the lowest
second blind speed of this radar?

[4]
5 a) Describe in detail about MTI radar with power oscillator transmitter. [8]
b) What are the blind speeds in MTI radar? Derive an expression for blind speeds and
suggest, how they can be eliminated?

[8]
6 a) Explain the principle of an amplitude comparison monopulse radar employing sum
and difference pattern principle.

[12]
b) How range and angle tracking is done with a radar?

[4]
7 Explain the matched filter receiver in detail.

[16]
8 a) Illustrate the relationship between the aperture distribution and far field intensity
pattern of a rectangular aperture. Show that the intensity is of the form
.

[8]
b) Explain about A-Scope and B-Scope [8]

Code No: N0503
Set No. 2
R05
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RADAR SYSTEMS
*****
1 a) List the different radar frequencies and explain its applications. [8]
b) A pulse radar operating at 10 GHz has an antenna gain of 28 dB, and a
transmitter power of 2 KW (pulse power). It is designed to detect a target with a
cross section of 12 sq.m and minimum detectable signal is P
min
= - 90 dBm.
What is the maximum range of radar.

[5]
c) A marine radar operating at 9 GHz has a maximum range of 50 Km with an
antenna gain of 4000. If the transmitter has a power of 250 KW and minimum
detectable signal of 10
-11
W. Determine the cross section of the target, the radar
can sight.

[3]
2 Explain the radar cross section of targets at different regions. Draw the graph
between cross section and diameter and indicate the significance.

[16]
3 a) Draw the block diagram of CW Doppler radar with non-zero IF and explain. [8]
b) Discuss the applications of CW radar.

[8]
4 a) Explain in detail about multiple frequency CW radar. [12]
b) An MTI radar operates at 10 GHz with a PRF of 800 pps. Calculate 3 blind
speeds of this radar.

[4]
5 a) Discuss the delay line cancellers in detail. [8]
b) The phase difference between two radar signals is 45
0
. If the radar operates 10
GHz and the frequency difference between them is 450 Hz. Determine the other
frequency and range.

[4]
c) Discuss the various factors that affect the improvement in signal to clutter ratio
of an MTI radar.

[4]
6 a) Explain in detail about conical scan lobing. [12]
b) What are the factors contributing to errors in an amplitude comparison system?

[4]
7 a) Explain the cross correlation receiver with the help of neat block diagram. [5]
b) Define the noise figure. Obtain the noise figure if the networks are in cascade. [8]
c) Explain the measurement procedure of noise figure.

[3]
8 a) Explain how beam steering is achieved in phased array antennas. [8]
b) Write the short notes on i) PPI- Scope ii) L-Scope [8]

Code No: N0503
Set No. 3
R05
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RADAR SYSTEMS
*****
1 a) Discuss the applications of radar in detail. [8]
b) A radar operates at 5 GHz with 2.5 MW power output. If the antenna diameter is
5 m, the receiver bandwidth is 1.6 MHz and has a 12 dB noise figure. What is the
maximum detection range for 1 m
2
target.

[5]
c) Define unambiguous range of radar. Draw the plot between unambiguous range
and pulse repetition frequency.

[3]
2 a) Explain the pulse repetition frequency and range ambiguities with neat diagram. [10]
b) The transmitted power of a radar is 100 W. The transmitting antenna gain is 15
dB. The plumbing loss from transmitter to the antenna is 5 dB. Find the power in
dBW specified at the terminals a receiving antenna of gain 20 dB located at a
distance of 10 Kms at a frequency of 10 GHz.

[6]
3 a) Draw the diagram and explain IF Doppler filter bank its frequency response
characteristics in detail.

[8]
b) Explain the measurement of Doppler distortion in detail using synchronous two
phase motor.

[8]
4 a) Draw the block diagram of an MTI radar which uses power amplifier and
explain.

[12]
b) Differentiate between MTI and pulse radar operations.

[4]
5 a) Explain staggered and, pulse repetition frequencies in detail. [8]
b) Draw the block diagram of non-coherent MTI radar and explain its operation.

[8]
6 a) Differentiate between tracking mode and search mode. What is an acquisition
radar? Explain.

[8]
b) Compare the various tracking methods.

[6]
c) Mentioned the principle of track-while scan.

[2]
7 a) Discuss the branch type and balanced type duplexers. [8]
b) Explain about radar receiver protectors.

[8]
8 a) Discuss the phased array antenna in detail. [8]
b) Explain the frequency scan array in detail. [8]

Code No: N0503
Set No. 4
R05
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SOFTWARE PROJECT MANAGEMENT
( Common to Computer Science & Engineering and Information
Technology)

1. Compare and contrast Large scale system to that of water fall Model? [16]
2. Describe the rigorous engineering activities that expose the architectural issues?
[16]
3. Describe the artifact sequences across a typical life cycle? [16]
4. Describe the states that evolve through a project environment artifact. [16]
5. (a) What are typical minor milestones in the life-cycle of iteration? Explain peri-
odic status assessments.
(b) Explain planning guidelines. [8+8]
6. (a) With the help of a neat diagram, explain the software team evolution over the
life cycle.
(b) What are the states of SCO? Explain with an example. [8+8]
7. (a) Dene metric. Explain reliability metrics.
(b) Write the basic parameters of earned value system? [8+8]
8. (a) Explain continuous integration.
(b) Give the context of CCPDS-R. [8+8]

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Technology)

1. What is adversarial stakeholder relationship? Explain. [16]
2. Summarize the characteristics of a successful object oriented project? [16]
3. Provide a default outline for a vision document. [16]
4. Object oriented modeling is the key in SDLC relate the nine diagrams to the views
of iteration process. [16]
5. (a) Conventional work break down structures are prematurely structured around
the product design. Discuss.
(b) Explain life-cycle objectives milestone and life-cycle architecture milestone.
[8+8]
6. (a) What are four important environment disciplines?
(b) Write the responsibilities of the following:
i. Software assessment team
ii. Software development team
iii. Software architecture team. [4+12]
7. (a) The software used to control a photocopier requires 32,000 lines of C and 4200
lines of Smalltalk. Estimate the number of function points for the software
inside the copier.
(b) What are CMM levels? Explain. [8+8]
8. Discuss about next-generation cost models. [16]

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Technology)

1. Describe the improvements done to the basic waterfall process that would eliminate
most of the development risks? [16]
2. State the stang principles in examining the sta of a software project given by
Boehm? [16]
3. Describe the two stages of the life cycle to active economies of scale and higher
returns on investment. [16]
4. State & explain the seven top level software process workows. [16]
5. (a) What does periodic status assessments provide?
(b) Write about life-cycle objectives milestone.
(c) Explain project-independent planning.
(d) Conventional WBSs are project-specic and cross-product comparisons are
usually dicult or impossible. Explain. [4+4+4+4]
6. (a) Dene meta process, macro process and micro process.
(b) Discuss about the activities of software management team.
(c) Explain CCB. [6+6+4]
7. (a) What are management indicators?
(b) What are quality indicators? [8+8]
8. (a) Discuss about culture shifts.
(b) Explain the incremental test process. [8+8]

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Technology)

1. Describe the various objectives used for the measurement of software size? [16]
2. Summarize the characteristics of a successful object oriented project? [16]
3. Provide a default outline for a vision document. [16]
4. Describe the states that evolve through a project environment artifact. [16]
5. (a) Name three types of stakeholders.
(b) List the steps to identify the stakeholders.
(c) What are the guidelines for specifying project pay os?
(d) List ve types of software, a project typically needs. [4+4+4+4]
6. (a) What are the sources of change? Why should change be made in a controlled
way?
(b) Dene a conguration baseline. [10+6]
7. (a) What are the steps to leveraging measurements?
(b) Explain with example Software Project Control Panel. [8+8]
8. Discuss about Ada COCOMO. [16]

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IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, May/June - 2014

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