2001-

2001

:
-1-

 2001-

-2-

 2001-

-3-

 2001-

-4-

 2001-

-5-

 2001-

1:

1


, :
.

!
(2 + 1)

, :
2
.
!

1: .

41

35

+ ( 21 )
2

=
25

+
( 33 + )
2

41

40

:
=
+ = 10 2 + = =
2
2
2

35

34

+ =
+ + = 17 + + = + + =
2
2
2
2

( 21 ) = ( ) =

25

24

+ =
+ + = 6 2 + + = + =
2
2
2

=
+ = =
2

2 2

( 33 + ) = (16 2 + + ) = ( + ) =

( )
= 1
( ) ( )

2 !!

!!

21

+
2

=
9

11

( 6 )
+
2

: (17 + ) =

(17 + ) ( 11 )

( 11 ) = ( 5 2 ) = ( ) = ( ) =

!
-6-

 2001-

21

20

+ =
+ + = 5 2 + + = + =
2
2
2

9
8

= = = =
2
2 2
2

( 6 ) = ( ) =

!

11

10

+ =
+ + = 5 + + = 2 2 + + + =
2
2
2
2

= + + =
2

( ) ( )
=
= 1

2 + 2 = 1
= 1

.
2: .

+
= +
1 1

2
2
2
2
+
=
+
=
+
=

=
1 1 1 1

2 2 ( ) ( + )
=
= +

:
1 2

1 2

1 3
= 3 2
1

1 3 1 2 1 3
1 2
1 3
=

=
2
1 1 1 (1 ) (1 + ) 1

1 2
(1 + ) (1 3 ) (1 2 ) (1 + ) (1 3 )
=

=
=
(1 ) (1 + ) (1 + ) (1 )
(1 + ) (1 )
2

1 2 1 + 3 + 3 2 3 2
=
=
= 3 2
2
2

1
-7-

 2001-

2
=
1 +

2
2
2
2
1
= (1 + ) 1
= (1 + ) 1 + = +
1 +
1 +
1 = 2 + 2
!

1 + 3 x 1 + x
=

1 + 3 x 1 + x

:
3

1 + x
1 + 3 x 1 + x
1 + 3 x
3 x + 3 x 3 x
1 + x
3
3

x
x
=

= x

3
3
3
1 + x 1 + x
1 + x
1 + x
1 + x
1 + x

3 x + 3 x 3 x
3 x + 1 x + x x
1 + x

=
x

1 + 3 x
1 + x
1 + 3 x
1 + x

3 x + 1 x + x x
1 + 3 x x + 1
3

1=1 1=1
3
3
1 + x
1 + x
1 + x 1 + x

x A
f
x +T A& x T A
A T > 0 :
f ( x) = f ( x + T ) = f ( x T )

( x) = f ( x) + a

( x) = b f ( x)

( x) = f ( x + c)

f
c

T =

( x ) = f ( x )

Tf

b < 0 f x ' x < 0 f

y ' y .
-8-

 2001-

: f ( x) = x
f ( x) = x :
T f = 2 , f max = 1 , f min = 1

: , f


f ( x ) = x
[0, 2 ] :

2
1

3
2

f ( x ) = x :

: f ( x ) = x
f ( x ) = x
:
T f = 2 , f max = 1 , f min = 1

: , f


f ( x ) = x
[0, 2 ] :

0
1

2
0

-9-

3
2

 2001-

f ( x ) = x :

: f ( x ) = x
f ( x ) = x :
T f = , : { +

f ( x ) = x

[ , ] :
2 2

/ }
2
-!, f

4
1

f ( x ) = x :

- 10 -

0
0

 2001-
:
:
.
-.
[0, 2 ] .
.
.
-
.
3: f ( x ) = 4 + 2 ( 3 x ) .

f .
f .
f [0, T ] T
.
2
:
: T f =
, f max = 6 , f min = 2
3
/ .
-
-/ .


, .
x

2
1

3
2

4 + 2 ( 3x )

2
3

:
1 3 3
4
2 5 /

- 11 -

 2001-

.
:

f [0, ] .
6

f [ , ] .
6 2
2
f [ , ] .
2 3
1
x
4: f ( x ) = .
2
3
f .
f .
f [0, T ] T
.
:

2
0

3
2

1
x

2
3

1
2

3
2

9
2

1
2

1
2

1
1 3
3
4
5 2

- 12 -

 2001-

: T f = 6 , f max =

1
1
, f min =
2
2

:
f [0, 3 ] .
f [3 , 6 ] .

x + + ( x ) + 1
2

5: f ( x ) =
.
3 + ( x + ) + ( x )
f .
f .
f T = 2 .

.
.
.
:

x + = x
2

( x ) = ( x ) = x

( x + ) = x

( x ) = ( x ) = x

+ ( x ) + 1
x x + 1
2
: f ( x) =
, x
f ( x) =
3 + ( x + ) + ( x )
3 x x

x +

:
x x + 2 & x 2

( x + 2 ) ( x + 2 ) + 1 x x + 1
=
= f ( x)
f ( x + 2 ) =
3 ( x + 2 ) ( x + 2 ) 3 x x

f ( x 2 ) = ( x 2 ) ( x 2 ) + 1 = x x + 1 = f ( x)

3 ( x 2 ) ( x 2 ) 3 x x

f T = 2 .
6:
f ( x) = + ( x ) , x [0, 4 ] ,
:
, ( , > 0 ).
x [0, 4 ] f

.

- 13 -

 2001-

:
f max = 3
f min = 1

T f = 4

+ = 3
2 = 2
= 1

= 1 = 1 = 2
2
1

= 4 =

:

-

f x =
x = 3 .
7:
f ( x ) = 0, 5 x .
g ( x ) = 2 x .
:
f .
x x

, f !
f ( x) = 0,5 ( x) = 0,5 x = f ( x)

g { + / } .
2

x { + / } x { + / }

, g !
2
2
g ( x) = 2 ( x) = 2 x = g ( x)

x = a

2 +
x=
,
2 +

x = a

2 +
x=
,
2

x = a

x = + ,

- 14 -

 2001-

x = a

x = + ,

8: .
1
3
) x =
) x =
) x = 3
2
2
2 x + 7
)
) 3 x 3 = 0
) x = 1
=1
5
:
1

x = x =
2
6
)

2 + 6
x=
,
2 +

6
x = 3 x =

)
x = +

x =

2 +

6
x = x =
,
6
2

6
2 x + 7
= 1 x = 1
5

) x =

x =
2
4

2 + 4
x=
,
2

)
x = +

- 15 -

x =
2
6

x = 1 x =

)
2 +

2
x =
x
,
3

2
2 +

2 +

7
,
x = x =
7
2 +

) 2 3 x 3 = 0

2 + 6
x=
,

6
x =

2 3 x 3 = 0 x =

2
2

) x =
7

) x =

3 x 3 = 0 x = 3
x =

x = +

2 +

3
,
x = x =
3
2

 2001-
9: .

) x + = 1
) x = 3
6
5

) 2 x + x + = 0
4
2

x
6
=1
)
x
:

) x + x + = 0
4

) x = x +
4
3

x +
4

)
=1
x

) 2 x = 1

) x = 2 x

2 +

2
x + = 1 x + = x + =
x + = 2 + x = 2 +

6
6
2
6
6
2
2 6

2 +
)

2
x = 2 +

) x = 3 x = x = + x = + + x = +
,
5
5
3
5
3
3 5
15

x = x + x = x
4
3
4
3

x = x

4

2 + x
x 4 = 2 + 6 x
)
6

x =

2 + x
x = 2 + x

4
6

6

:
5

2
x
=
2
+
5

x = x
12 x = +
24
2

x = x
2

2 x
)

+ x + = 0 2 x x = 0 2 x = x
4
2
4
4

x = 2 + 4
2 x 4 = 2 + x
x = 2 + 4
2 + x
2x =

,
2
5

4 2 + x
x =
+
2 x = 2 + x 3x = 2 +

3
12

- 16 -

 2001-

x + x +
)

2 x =

= 0 x + = x x + = ( x ) x + = + ( x )
4
4
4
4

x=

3
4

= 1 x +
4
x

x +
)

:
x = ( x )

x = ( x )

x = ( x )

x = ( x )

3
x+
= 2 + x

3 2 + x

4
=

= x x +
4 2 + x 3

x+
= 2 + x

x = + ,
8
x
=
+
2
2

4
2 + 0
x 0 x 0 x
x ,
2 + 0

2 + x
x

2
6
= 1 x = x x = x x =

x
6

2 + x

6 x = 2 + 2 x

x = ,
6
x = 2 + + x 2 x = 2 + 3
6
2

x 0 x x 2 x + ,
2
2
2
!

x =
(1)
1

x
=
2 x = 1
6

2
) 2 x = 1

2 x = 1 x = 1

2 x = ( 2 )

6
> 0:

x = x = x =

x
=
2
+

6
(1): x =
,
6
x = 2 +

- 17 -

 2001-

x = 2 6
(2): x =
,
6 x = 2 + +

: x =

x = 2 x (1)

2
x
=
x

=
2
x
x

) x = 2 x

x = 2 x x = ( 2 x ) x = + 2 x 2

( )

x = y x = y
2 + 2 x
x = 2 + 2 x 3 x = 2 +

2
2
2
x = 2 x x =

2 + + 2 x x = 2 + + 2 x x = 2 +

2
(1):
2

x = 3 + 6

,
x = 2

2 + 2 x

2
x = + 2 x x = 2 x x =

2
2

2 + 2 x +

2
(2):

x = 2 + 2
x = 2 + 2 x 2
x = 2 2

3
3
x = 2 +
x =
2 x 3 x = 2 +
+

3
2
2
2

+ 2
: x =
,
+
3 2
10: .
1
) 2 x x + x = 0
) x + x =
) x x + 1 = x + x
x
1 + x x
+
=4
) 2 2 x + 3 x + 1 = 0
)
) 2 2 x 2 2 x + 2 2 = 0
x 1 + x
:
x = 0 (1)
x = 0

) 2 x x + x = 0 x ( 2 x + 1) = 0

1
( 2)
2 x + 1 = 0 x =

- 18 -

 2001-

(1): x = 0 x =

x = 2

x = +

2
2

6
1

6
(2): x = x = x =
x=
,
2
6
2 +
2 + 7

6
1
x + x =
2 x + x x = 1 x x = 1 2 x x x = 2 x
x
)
x = 0 (1)
x x 2 x = 0 x ( x x ) = 0
x = x ( 2 )
(1): x = 0 x =

x = 2

x = +

x = 1 x = x = + ,
x
4
4
2 + 0
x ,
x 0 x 0 x
2 + 0

(2): x = x 1 =

!
x x + 1 = x + x x x + 1 x x = 0 x ( x 1) ( x 1) = 0
)

x = 1 (1)
( x 1) ( x 1) = 0
x = 1 ( 2 )

(1): x = 1 x = 0 x = 2 0 x = 2 ,
(2): x = 1 x =

,
4
x x , !
4

x = +

x =


!

) 2 2 x + 3 x + 1 = 0
: 2 2 + 3 + 1 = 0
: = b 2 4 ac = 32 4 2 1 = 1
b 3 1 1 2
1,2 =
=
=
2a
2 2 1

- 19 -

 2001-

= 1

2
2
1
2 : x = 2 x = 3 x = 2 3 ,

= 1 : x = 1 x = x = 2 x = 2 + ,
1 + x ) (1 + x )
1 + x ) + 2 x
(
(
1 + x x
2 x
+
=4
+
=4
=4
x 1 + x
x (1 + x )
x (1 + x )
x (1 + x )
2

) (1 + x ) + 2 x = 4 x (1 + x ) 1 + 2 x + 2 x + 2 x = 4 x (1 + x )
2

2 + 2 x = 4 x (1 + x ) 2 (1 + x ) 4 x (1 + x ) = 0 (1 + x ) (1 2 x ) = 0 (1)

x 0 1 + x 0 (1) :
1 2 x = 0 x =

2 2 x
)

2 2 x + 2 2 = 0

2 (1 2 x )
2 2 x
2 2 x +

: 2 2 +

1,2

2 2 x + 2 2 = 0

2 2 x 2 = 0

2 2 2 = 0

)
( 2 2) (
=

2 2 42 2 =
2 +2

22

= 1 : x = 1 x =
= 2

2 x = 1 2 x
x = .

2 2 x + 2 = 0

: = b2 4ac =
b
=
2a

x = x = 2 ,
2
3
3

)
2 (

2+2

2+2

x = 2

) = 1

x = +

3
3
2
2 : x = 2 x = 4 x = 2 4 ,

- 20 -

 2001-

- 21 -

 2001-

2:

x :
P ( x ) = x v + 1 x 1 + ... + 1 x + 0

0 , 1 ,..., .
1 23
x , , x
x

0 , 1 ,...,

!

0

.

0 ,
, .

0 .

x
. :
P ( x ) = x v + 1 x 1 + ... + 1 x + 0 0 deg P ( x) =

P ( x ) = 0 0 0 deg P ( x ) = 0
P ( x ) = 0 deg P ( x ) =

.

x = P ( ) . P ( )
.

,
.
1: P( x) = x3 x 2 + 4 x + 2 .
, x = 2 P ( x ) .
P ( 2) = 0 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) + 4 ( 2 ) + 2 = 0
3

8 4 8 + 2 = 0 2 = 16 = 8

:
P ( x ) P ( ) = 0

2: P( x) = x3 + x 2 ( 2 ) x + 3 + 4 .
, , P ( x ) 1 x = 2 5 .
:

P(1) = 0 ( 1) + ( 1) ( 2 )( 1) + 3 + 4 = 0 1 + + 2 + 3 + 4 = 0
3

2 + 5 = 1 (1)
P(2) = 5 ( 2 ) + ( 2 ) ( 2 )( 2 ) + 3 + 4 = 5 8 + 4 + 2 4 + 3 + 4 = 5
3

3 + 6 = 3 + 2 = 1 (2)
- 22 -

 2001-
(1) (2) :
2 + 5 = 1 2 + 5 = 1 2 (1 2 ) + 5 = 1 2 4 + 5 = 1 = 1

= 1 2
+ 2 = 1
= 1 2
= 1 2
= 3

3: P ( x ) = ( x 1) x 9 + x + .
10

, , P ( x ) 6
P ( x ) 7 .
:
:

10
P(0) = 6 ( 0 1) 09 + 0 + = 6
x !
1+ = 6 = 5

P(1) = 7 (1 1) 19 + 1 + = 7
10

=5

+ = 8 = 3

:

x !

4: P( x) = ( 3 + 2 6 ) x 2 +( 2 + 6) x + 2 .
, : ) P ( x )
) P ( x )
:
) P ( x )
:
3 + 2 6 = 0 ( + 3 )( 2 ) = 0 = 0 = 3 = 2
2

= 3 = 2
= 3
+ 6 = 0 ( + 3)( 2 ) = 0
+ 2 0 2
2

:
P ( x ) = x v + 1 x 1 + ... + 1 x + 0
= 1 = ... = 1 = 0 0 0 !

.

) P ( x )
:
3 + 2 6 = 0 ( + 3 )( 2 ) = 0 = 0 = 3 = 2
2

= 3 = 2
=2
+ 6 = 0 ( + 3)( 2 ) = 0
+ 2 = 0 02
= 2

:

, .
- 23

 2001-

5: P( x) = 2 x3 + 2 x 2 2 x Q( x) = 2 x3 + x 2 4 x 2 .
K ( x ) = P ( x ) Q ( x ) K ( x )
.
:
K ( x ) = P ( x ) Q ( x ) K ( x ) = ( 2 x 3 + 2 x 2 2 x ) ( 2 x 3 + x 2 4 x 2 )
K ( x ) = 2 x 3 + 2 x 2 2 x 2 x 3 x 2 + 4 x + 2 K ( x ) = ( 2 2 ) x 3 + ( 2 ) x 2 + ( 4 2 ) x + 2

2 2 0 ( 2 ) 0 0 2 deg K ( x ) = 3 .
= 0 K ( x) = 2 x 2 + 4 x + 2 deg K ( x ) = 2 .
= 2 K ( x ) = 0 deg K ( x ) .
:


.
.
P ( x ) = 2 x 3 + ( 2 + 5 ) x 2 + 2 x 10
6:
.
3
2
2
Q ( x ) = 4 x + 2( 1) x 2 x + 3
.
:
10 = 2 + 3
2 3 10 = 0 ( 5 )( + 2 ) = 0 = 5 = 2

2
2
= 0 = 2
( + 2 ) = 0
= 2
+ 2 = 0

= 2
2
2

5
2
1
+
=

1
2
0
+
+
=

+
3
+
2
=
0

(
)
(
)(
)

2 = 4
2 4 = 0
2 + 2 = 0 = 2 = 2
)(
)

:

.

.
.
7: P ( x ) :
[ P( x)] 2 = ( x + 1) P ( x) 3 x + 6
) P ( x ) .
) P ( x ) .
) Q ( x ) : P( x) Q( x) = 2 x3 7 x 2 + 2 x + 8 .
- 24 -

 2001-
) P ( x ) [ P( x)] 2 2
( x + 1) P ( x ) 3 x + 6 + 1 .

2 = + 1 = 1 , P ( x ) .
:
deg ( P ( x) Q ( x) ) = deg P ( x ) + deg Q ( x)
*

deg ( P( x) + Q( x) ) = max {deg P( x),deg Q( x)}

* .

) P ( x ) P ( x ) = x + :
2
[ P( x)] 2 = ( x + 1) P( x) 3x + 6 ( x + ) = ( x + 1)( x + ) 3x + 6
2 x 2 + 2 x + 2 = x 2 + ( + 3) x + + 6

:
( 1) = 0
2 =
2 = 0
= 0 = 1

2 = + 3 2 = + 3 2 = + 3 2 = + 3
2
2
3 + 2 = 0 = 3 = 2
)(
)

= +6
6 =0
(
P ( x )
= 1 = 2 . P ( x ) = x 2 .
) P ( x ) Q ( x )
Q( x) = x 2 + x + :
P ( x ) Q ( x ) = 2 x 3 7 x 2 + 2 x + 8 ( x 2 ) ( x 2 + x + ) = 2 x 3 7 x 2 + 2 x + 8

x 3 + ( 2 ) x 2 + ( 2 ) x 2 = 2 x 3 7 x 2 + 2 x + 8

:
= 2
2 = 7 = 2

= 3
Q( x) = 2 x 2 3x 4

2 = 2
= 4

2 = 8

: ( x ) ( x ) ( x ) 0 .
( x ) ( x )
( x) = ( x) ( x) + ( x)
deg ( x ) < deg ( x ) ( x ) .
( x ) , ( x ) , ( x ) ( x ) .

.
( x ) ( x ) ( x )
( x ) . ( x ) = ( x ) ( x ) + 0 ( x ) = ( x ) ( x )
- 25 -

 2001-

( x ) = x ,
,
, ( x ) = .
:

( x) = ( x ) ( x) + ( ) = ( ) ( ) + ( ) =


( x ) = x ( ) = 0 .
:
x ( x ) x ( x ) ( ) = 0

8: P ( x ) = x 3 + ( 1) x 2 3 x 2 + 6 .
) , P ( x ) x 1
P ( x ) x + 1 2.
) = 2 = 4 P ( x )
x+2.
:
) P ( x ) x 1 :
P (1) = 0 + ( 1) 3 2 + 6 = 0 = 2 (1)
P ( x ) x + 1 2 :
P (1) = 2 + ( 1) + 3 2 + 6 = 2 = 6 (2)
(1) (2) : 2 = 8 = 4 = 2
) = 2 = 4 P( x) = 2 x3 + 3x 2 3x 2 :

2 x3 + 3 x 2 3x 2

x+2

2x + 4x

2 x2 x 1

x 2 3x 2

x2 2x
x2
x2

:
2 x 3 + 3 x 2 3 x 2 = ( x + 2 ) ( 2 x 2 x 1)

( x) = 2 x 2 x 1 ( x ) = 0 .

9: P( x) = x3 + x 2 + x + 2 , x 2 1
2 x + 3 .
) ( x )
.
- 26 -

 2001-
) , .
) = 1 = 1 P ( x ) x 2 1 .
:
) :
P( x) = ( x 2 1) ( x) + ( x) x 3 + x 2 + x + 2 = ( x 2 1) ( x) + ( 2 x + 3)

) x = 1 :

13 + 12 + 1 + 2 = (12 1) (1) + ( 2 1 + 3) + = 2 (1)

x = 1 :

3
2
2
( 1) + ( 1) + ( 1) + 2 = ( ( 1) 1) (1) + ( 2 ( 1) + 3) = 0

(2)

(1) (2) = 1 = 1 .
:

x , x
.
) = 1 = 1 P( x) = x3 + x 2 + x + 2 :

x3 + x 2 + x + 2

x2 1

x3 x

x +1

( x ) = x + 1 .

( x ) = 2 x + 3
.

x + 2x + 2
2

x2 1
2x + 3

10: P ( x ) = ( 3 ) x 4 ( 2 1) x 3 + ( 1) x 2 + 2 , .
) , P ( x ) 3 .
) = 0 P ( x ) x + 2 .
:
) P ( x ) 3 :
:
3
2
= 0
(1 ) = 0
-

=0

2
2
0
( 1) 0 1 0

= 0, >
) = 0 P( x) = x3 x + 2 :

x3 + 0 x 2 x + 2

x+2

- 27 -

 2001-
x2 2x + 3

( x) = x 2 2 x + 3 ( x ) = 4 .

x
: = P ( 2) = 4

.

Horner

Horner
( x ) = x .
:
1

= 2

P ( x ) = ( x 3 x + 2 ) ( x + 2 )

( x) = x 2 2 x + 3 ( x ) = 4

:
 P ( x ) ,
, .

.

.

.

.


.

Horner .
( x ) = x
11: P ( x ) = x 3 + x 2 + ( 2 ) x + + 5 , .
) P ( x ) x 1
x + 2 6 .
) a = 2 = 3 Horner
P ( x) ( x + 2 ) .
- 28 -

 2001-
:
) P ( x ) x 1 :
P (1) = 0 13 + 12 + ( 2 ) 1 + + 5 = 0 + = 5 (1)

P ( x ) x + 2 6 :

P(2) = 6 ( 2 ) + ( 2 ) + ( 2 ) ( 2 ) + + 5 = 6 2 = 1 (2)
3

(1) (2) = 2 = 3 .
) a = 2 = 3 P( x) = x3 + x 2 4 x + 2 :
1

= 2

P ( x) ( x + 2 ) :

( x) = x2 x 2 ( x ) = 6 .

P( x ) = ( x + 2 ) ( x 2 x 2 ) + 6 .

12: P( x) = x3 + 4 x 5 .
) x + 2 P ( x ) .
) P ( x) ( x 3) .
:
) x + 2 P ( x ) :
x P ( x ) P ( ) = 0
: P ( 2) = ( 2 ) + 4 ( 2 ) 5 = 8 8 5 P ( 2) = 21 0
3

x + 2 P ( x ) .
) Horner :
1

39

13

34

=3

P ( x) ( x 3) :

( x) = x 2 + 3x + 13 ( x ) = 34 .

x
: = P (3) = 34

Horner .

:
Horner

P ( x )

.
-

- 29 -

 2001-
,
,
.
, ,
.

- .

, -
.

-
x v + 1 x 1 + ... + 1 x + 0 = 0 0


P ( x ) = x v + 1 x 1 + ... + 1 x + 0 ,
.

x v + 1 x 1 + ... + 1 x + 0 = 0

. 0
0 .
P ( x ) = 0
:

0 .
 P ( x) ( x )
( x ) .
 ( x )

.
 P ( x ) = p1 ( x ) p2 ( x ) .... p ( x ) , P ( x )
p1 ( x ) , p2 ( x ) ,...., p ( x ) .
 P ( x ) = 0 p1 ( x ) p2 ( x ) .... p ( x ) = 0 p1 ( x ) = 0 p2 ( x ) ... p ( x )

.
.
P( x) = x3 + 4 x 5 P ( x ) = 0 .
: P( x) = 0 x3 + 4 x 5 = 0
5 .
: 1, 5
= 1
:
.


!
- 30 -

 2001-

P ( x) ( x 1)

=1

P ( x) ( x 1) :

( x) = x2 + x + 5 ( x ) = 0 .

!
:
1

P ( x ) = ( x 1) ( x 2 + x + 5 ) + 0 P ( x ) = ( x 1) ( x 2 + x + 5 )

P ( x ) .

: P( x) = 0 ( x 1) x 2 + x + 5 0 x 1 = 0 (1) x 2 + x + 5 = 0 (2)
(1) x 1 = 0 x = 1 .
(2) x 2 + x + 5 = 0 , :
= b 2 4 ac = 12 4 1 5 = 19 < 0 !
x = 1 .
13: P( x) = 3x3 + 2 x 2 7 x + 2 .
) x = 2 P ( x ) .
) P ( x ) = 0 .
:
3
2
) P ( 2) = 3 ( 2 ) + 2 ( 2 ) 7 ( 2 ) + 2 P ( 2) = 24 + 8 + 14 + 2 P ( 2) = 0
x = 2 P ( x ) .
) x = 2
.
P ( x) ( x + 2 )
3

= 2

P ( x) ( x + 2 ) :

( x) = 3x 2 4 x + 1 ( x ) = 0 .

!
:
3

P ( x ) = ( x + 2 ) ( 3 x 2 4 x + 1) + 0 P ( x ) = ( x + 2 ) ( 3 x 2 4 x + 1)

P ( x ) .

: P( x) = 0 ( x + 2 ) 3x 2 4 x + 1 0 x + 2 = 0 (1) 3x 2 4 x + 1 = 0 (2)
(1) x + 2 = 0 x = 2 .
(2) 3 x 2 4 x + 1 = 0 , :
- 31 -

 2001-

x =1
b 4 4 4 2 1
=
=
= b 4 ac = ( 4 ) 4 3 1 = 4 > 0 x1,2 =

1
2a
23
6 x2 =
3

1
x = 2 , x = x = 1 .
3
1
17
4
14: P ( x) = x3 + x 2 + 3x . P ( x ) = 0 .
2
6
3

. :
1 3 17 2
4
17
4
1
x + x + 3x = 0 6 x3 + x 2 + 3x = 6 0 3x3 + 17 x 2 + 18 x 8 = 0
2
6
3
6
3
2

, .
: 1, 2, 4, 8 .
2

2 : 3 ( 23 ) + 17 ( 2 ) + 18 ( 2 ) 8 = 24 + 68 36 8 = 0
2

( 3 x 3 + 17 x 2 + 18 x 8 ) ( x + 2 ) .
3

17

18

22

11

= 2

( 3 x 3 + 17 x 2 + 18 x 8 ) ( x + 2 )
: ( x) = 3x 2 + 11x 4 ( x ) = 0 .

3 x 3 + 17 x 2 + 18 x 8 = ( x + 2 ) ( 3 x 2 + 11x 4 ) + 0 3 x 3 + 17 x 2 + 18 x 8 = ( x + 2 ) ( 3 x 2 + 11x 4 )

x + 2 = 0 (1)
: 3x 3 + 17 x 2 + 18 x 8 = 0 ( x + 2 ) ( 3x 2 + 11x 4 ) = 0 2
3x + 11x 4 = 0 (2)
(1) x + 2 = 0 x = 2
(2) 3 x 2 + 11x 4 = 0 , :
x1 = 4
b

11

169

11

13

=
=
= b 2 4ac = 112 4 3 ( 4 ) = 169 > 0 x1,2 =

1
2a
23
6
x2 = 3

1
x = 2 , x = 4 x = .
3

- 32 -

 2001-



.

. ( x + 3)( x + 5 )( 3 x + 2 ) 0 .

.
2

5
+
x
3




x+3
+
+
0 +
!
x + 5

3x + 2

( x + 3)( x + 5)( 3 x + 2 )

+ 0

0 +

0 0 + 0

.

.
P ( x ) 0
,
!

2
( x + 3)( x + 5 )( 3 x + 2 ) 0 x ( , 3] ,5
3
2
15: ( x 1) ( x + x + 5 ) > 0 .

x 2 + x + 5 = b 2 4 ac = 12 4 1 5 = 19 < 0 .


x 2 .
:

- 33 -

 2001-

x2 + x + 5

x 1

( x + 3)( x + 5)( 3 x + 2 )

( x 1) ( x 2 + x + 5 ) > 0
x (1, + )

:
x 2 + x + 0
> 0 x 2 + x + = 0
1 , 2 :

x 2 + x + = ( x 1 )( x 2 )

.
= 0 x 2 + x + = 0
:
x2 + x + = ( x )
.
< 0 x 2 + x + = 0
!
!
2

16: P ( x ) = ( x 1)( x 2 )( 3 x ) + x + , , .
P ( x) ( x 1) 5 P ( x) ( x 2 )
8 :
) , .
) = 3 , = 2 < 3 P ( x ) 3 x + 2 .
) P (3) = 3 .

- 34 -

 2001-
:
) P ( x) ( x 1) 5 P (1) = 5 + = 5 (1)
P ( x) ( x 2 ) 8 P (2) = 8 2 + = 8 (2)
(1) (2) = 3 = 2 .
) = 3 = 2 P ( x ) = ( x 1)( x 2 )( 3 x ) + 3 x + 2 ,
P ( x) 3 x + 2 ( x 1)( x 2 )( 3 x ) + 3 x + 2 3 x + 2 ( x 1)( x 2 )( 3 x ) 0

: x 1 = 0 x = 1 x 2 = 0 x = 2 3x = 0 x =

< 3 1 <

< 1.

0 +

x 1

0 +

( x 1)( x 2 )( 3 x )

3x

x2

:
( x 1)( x 2 )( 3x ) 0

x ,1 [ 2, + )
3

0 0 + 0

) P (3) = 3 P (3) = 3 ( 3 1)( 3 2 )( 3 3 ) + 3 3 + 2 = 3 2 ( 9 ) = 14 = 2

-
,
x .

- .
-

-.
P( x )
17: P ( x ) = ( x + 1)( x 2 ) ,
0.
2
( x + 4)
:
P ( x)

( x + 4)

0 P ( x) ( x + 4 ) 0 ( x + 1)( x 2 )( x + 4 ) 0 x + 4 0 x 4 .
2

- 35 -

 2001-
:

( x + 4)

( x + 1)( x 2 )( x + 4 )

0 +

x2

x +1

0 +

( x 1)( x 2 )( 3 x )

0 + 0 0 +

0 0 0
< 0 < 0
0 0 0
> 0 > 0

17:

1
3 x 10
x 3
.
2
= 2x
x+2 x 4
x2

:
x + 2 0

: x 2 4 0 x 2
x 2 0

1
3x 10
x 3
1
3x 10
x 3
2
= 2x

= 2x

x+2 x 4
x2
x + 2 ( x 2) ( x + 2)
x2

( x 2 ) ( 3x 10 ) = 2 x ( x 2 ) ( x + 2 ) ( x + 2 ) ( x 3)
x 2 3x + 10 = 2 x3 8 x x 2 + 3 x 2 x + 6
2 x3 x 2 5 x 2 = 0
- 36 -

x [ 1, 2]

 2001-
: 1, 2 .
1 : 2 ( 13 ) ( 1) 5 ( 1) 2 = 2 1 + 5 2 = 0
2

( 2 x 3 x 2 5 x 2 ) ( x + 1) .
2

= 1

( 3 x 3 + 17 x 2 + 18 x 8 ) ( x + 2 )
: ( x) = 2 x 2 3x 2 ( x ) = 0 .

2 x 3 x 2 5 x 2 = ( x + 1) ( 2 x 2 3 x 2 ) + 0 2 x 3 x 2 5 x 2 = ( x + 1) ( 2 x 2 3 x 2 )

x + 1 = 0 (1)
: 2 x3 x 2 5 x 2 = 0 ( x + 1) ( 2 x 2 3x 2 ) = 0 2
2 x 3x 2 = 0 (2)
(1) x + 1 = 0 x = 1
(2) 2 x 2 3 x 2 = 0 , :
x = 2
b 3 25 3 5 1
2
2
=
=
= b 4 ac = ( 3 ) 4 2 ( 2 ) = 25 > 0 x1,2 =

1
2a
22
4 x2 =
2

1
x = 1 x = .
2

5x 2 6 7 x 2 18
+
.
x 3 x x 2 3x
x 3 0

x 3
: x 0

x 2 3x 0 x 0

:
2 x 2 x ( x 3) + 5 x 2 x + 6 ( x 3) ( 7 x 2 18)
5 x 2 6 7 x 2 18
5 x 2 6 7 x 2 18
2
2
2x +
+
2x +
+
0
0
x 3 x x 2 3x
x 3 x x 2 3x
x ( x 3)
18: : 2 x2 +

2 x 4 + 5 x3 6 x3 + 6 x 18 7 x 2 + 18
2 x 4 x3 7 x 2 + 6 x
2 x3 x 2 7 x + 6
0
0
0 (1)
x ( x 3)
x ( x 3)
( x 3)
:

.

!

(1) :

(2x

x 2 7 x + 6 ) ( x 3) 0 (2)

- 37 -

 2001-
2 x 3 x 2 7 x + 6 :
: 1, 2, 3, 6
x = 1 : 2 13 12 7 1 + 6 = 2 1 7 + 6 = 0
( 2 x 3 x 2 7 x + 6 ) ( x 1) :
2

( 2 x 3 x 2 7 x + 6 ) ( x 1)

=1

: ( x) = 2 x2 + x 6 ( x ) = 0 .

:
2 x 3 x 2 7 x + 6 = ( x 1) ( 2 x 2 + x 6 ) + 0 2 x3 x 2 7 x + 6 = ( x 1) ( 2 x 2 + x 6 ) (3)

( x) = 2 x2 + x 6 :

x = 2
b 1 49 1 7 1
=
=
= b 4ac = 1 4 2 ( 6 ) = 49 > 0 x1,2 =

3
2a
22
4 x2 =
2

2 x 2 + x 6 = 2 ( x + 2 ) x (4)
2

3
3

(3) (4) (2) : ( x 1) 2 ( x + 2 ) x ( x 3) 0 2 ( x + 2 )( x 1) x ( x 3) 0

2
2

:
x

3
2

( x + 2)

0 +

x
2

( x 1)

0 +

( x 3)

0 +

2 ( x + 2 )( x 1) x ( x 3)
2

0 +

0 0 + 0

- 38 -

 2001-
3
: x [ 2, 0 ) ( 0,1] ,3 .
2

:

!

18: x + 10 = x 2 .
x + 10 0 x 10
:

x2
x 2 0
x 2

:
=
0

0

x + 10 = x 2 x + 10 = ( x 2 ) x + 10 = x 2 4 x + 4 x 2 5 x 6 = 0
2

= b 2 4 ac = ( 5 ) 4 1 ( 6 ) = 49 > 0 x1,2 =
2

b 5 49 5 7 x1 = 6
=
=

2a
2 1
2 x2 = 1

x = 1 x 2 .
x = 6 .
19: x 3 x 5 .
x 3 0 x 3 .

:
2 2
, .

, :
 x 5 0 x 5

x 3 x 5 x 3 ( x 5) x 3 x 2 10 x + 25 x 2 11x + 28 0
2

= b 2 4 ac = ( 11) 4 1 28 = 9 > 0 x1,2 =

2

b 11 9 11 3 x1 = 7
=
=
=
2a
2 1
2
x2 = 4

x [ 4, 7 ] x [5,7]
 x 5 0 x 5
x 3 x 5 x x [3,5]
x [3,7] .

- 39 -

 2001-

3:


( )
().

.
-

.
:

3, 7,1 1,1 5, ...

4 .
19 23 .
100 1000 ;

21 , 2 2 , 23 ,...
- 2
24 .
100 2100 ,
1000 21000 .

:
 *
.
 , ,
( f ( ) ). 3 = 5
3 5 .
 :
 :
.
 : f
.
:


4 .
= 3
: 1
v +1 = + 4

- 40 -

 2001-

.

.
100
99
.


2 = 2 .

.

. 1000
1000 = 21000 .
1: :
= 2
= 1, 2 = 1
) 1
) 1
)
+1 = + 1
+1 = + 3
) = v 2 + 1

) av =

1 = 3

+1 = 2
) av =

v ( v + 1)
2

:
) :
1 = 2 , 2 = 1 + 3 2 = 2 + 3 2 = 5 , 3 = 2 + 3 3 = 5 + 3 3 = 8 ,
4 = 3 + 3 4 = 8 + 3 4 = 11 5 = 4 + 3 5 = 11 + 3 5 = 14

) :
1 = 1 , 2 = 1 , 3 = 2 + 1 3 = 1 + 1 3 = 2 ,

Fibonacci

4 = 3 + 2 4 = 2 +1 4 = 3 , 5 = 4 + 3 5 = 3 + 2 5 = 5

) :
1 = 3 , 2 = 2 1 2 = 2 3 2 = 6 , 3 = 2 2 3 = 2 6 3 = 12 ,
4 = 2 3 4 = 2 12 4 = 24 , 5 = 2 4 5 = 2 24 5 = 48

) :
1 = 12 + 1 1 = 2 , 2 = 2 2 + 1 2 = 5 , 3 = 3 2 + 1 3 = 10 , 4 = 4 2 + 1 4 = 17 ,
5 = 5 2 + 1 1 = 26

) :

1 (1 + 1)
2 ( 2 + 1)
3 ( 3 + 1)
4 ( 4 + 1)
a1 = 1 , a 2 =
a 2 = 3 , a3 =
a3 = 6 , a 4 =
a 4 = 10 ,
2
2
2
2
5 ( 5 + 1)
a5 =
a 2 = 15
2
a1 =

;
) :

- 41 -

 2001-

1
1
2
a1 = 1 = , a2 =
2
6
6

,
a2 = 2 =
2

3
4
2
3

a3 =
a3 = a3 = 1 , a4 = 6 4 = 3 4 = 2 ,

6
2

1
5
a5 = a5 =
2
6
2: :
) = 2 5

) = + 2
3

) = 5

) = 2 1

) = 3

) = 2
5

:
:
,
,
+1 .

.. 1 , 2 ,...

= 2 ( + 1) 5 +1 2 = 2 5
) +1

+1 2 = +1 = + 2
= 2 5
= 2 5

1 = 2 1 5 1 = 3
= 3
: 1
+1 = + 2

+1+ 2

+1 =
3 +1 = + 3
1
3
)

3 +1 3 = 1 +1 = +
2
3
2
+
=
+

3

=

3
1 = 1 + 2 1 = 1
3

1 = 1

:
1
+1 = + 3
+1

+1 = 3 2
1
1
)
+1 = +1 =
2
2
= 3

1
5
1 = 3 1 =
2
2
- 42 -

 2001-
5

1 = 2
:
= 1

+1
2

+1 = 5 +1
+1 5 +1 +1
)

=
= 5 +1 = 5

= 5
1 = 51 1 = 5
= 5
: 1
+1 = 5
+1
+1
+1 + 1 2 +1 +1 + 1
+1 = 2 1 +1 + 1 = 2
)

=
= 2 +1 = 2 + 1

2
+ 1
+ 1
= 2 1
+ 1 = 2

1 = 21 1 1 = 1
= 1
: 1
+1 = 2 + 1
2

2
+1 = 5 +1
+1

1
)
+1 = 5 +1 = +1 =
2
5
5

= 2

1 =

2
2
1 =
1
5
5

1 = 5
:
=
+1 5

3: - , , :
= 1
= 2
= 7
) 1
) 1
) 1
+1 = + 2
+1 = + 3
+1 = 2
= 3
) 1
+1 = 2

= 5
) 1
+1 = 2 + 3

1 = 2

+1 = 3

:

.

1 2
1 .
,
, .
- 43 -

 2001-

= 1
) 1
+1 = + 2

= 1 + 2

= 2
) 1
+1 = + 3

= 1 + 3

1 = 2 + 2
2 = 3 + 2

1 = 2 + 3
2 = 3 + 3

3 = 2 + 2
2 = 1 + 2
1 = 1

3 = 2 + 3
2 = 1 + 3
1 = 2

= 2 ( 1) + 1

= 3 ( 1) + 2

= 2 ( 1) + 1

= 3 ( 1) + 2

= 7
) 1
+1 = 2

= 3
) 1
+1 = 2

= 1 2

= 2 1

1 = 2 2
2 = 3 2

1 = 2 2
2 = 2 3

3 = 2 2
2 = 1 2
1 = 7

3 = 2 2
2 = 21
1 = 3

= 2 ( 1) + 1

= 3 2 1

= 2 ( 1) + 1

= 3 2 1

= 5
) 1
+1 = 2 + 3

1 = 2

+1 = 3

- 44 -

 2001-
+1 = 2 + 3 +1 + 3 = 2 + 6 +1 + 3 = 2
+ 3

+ 3
=2
1 + 3
1 + 3
=2
2 + 3
2 + 3
=2
3 + 3

1 =

2 =

3
3

3 = 2

3 + 3
=2
2 + 3
2 + 3
=2
1 + 3

2 =

1 + 3 = 8
1

+ 3 = 8 2

1
3

1 = 2
1

1
= 2
3

:
1

= 8 2

1
= 2
3

.
2,5,8,11,...

3,5, 7,9,...

.
:
 ,
.

.


1
+1 = +

= 1 + ( 1)

+
- 45 -

= 1 +

 2001-

1 = 2 +
2 = 3 +

3 = 2 +
2 = 1 +
1

= 1 + ( 1)

x, y

x + y .
2

, ,
.
:
, , =

+
2

 S ( ) .
:

4: ( )

( 21 + ( 1) )
2
2
1 = 2 5 = 4 .
S =

(1 + )

S =

1 = 4 , .
:
= 2
1 = 2
1 = 2
1

1 1 = 4
5 = 1 + 4 4 = 2 + 4 =

5: 25 3, 7,1 1,1 5, ...

25 = 1 + ( 25 1) 25 = 3 + 24 4 25 = 99

=4

1 = 3 .

6: 3 = 4 7 = 16 .
) .
) 50 .
) 50 .
:
3 = 1 + ( 3 1)
4 = 1 + 2
4 = 1 + 2
4 = 1 + 2
= 2
)

1
12 = 4
= 3
= 3
16 = 1 + 6
7 = 1 + ( 7 1)
) 50 = 1 + ( 50 1) 50 = 2 + 49 3 50 = 2 + 49 3 50 = 145
- 46 -

 2001-
) S 50 = 50 ( 1 + 50 ) S 50 = 25 ( 2 + 145 ) S 50 = 3575
2

7: ( )

= 3,

13

6 . :
) .
) 29 .
) 63 .
:
a6 = a1 + ( 6 1)
a6 = a1 + 5 3

) 13 = 1 + (13 1) 13 = 1 + 12 3 1 + 12 3 = 2 ( a1 + 5 3 ) 1 = 6

= 2
6
13
13 = 2 6
) 29 = 1 + ( 29 1) 29 = 6 + 28 3 29 = 90
) = 63 1 + ( 1) = 63 6 + ( 1) 3 = 63 3 ( 1) = 57 1 = 19 = 20
20 63 .
8: ( ) 1 = 5

=2

. :

) 20 .
) 16 20 .
:
) S 20 = 20 ( 2 1 + ( 20 1) ) S 20 = 10 ( 2 ( 5 ) + 19 3 ) S 20 = 470
2

) .
S20 S15
a16 + a17 + a18 + a19 + a20 , .
15
15
2 1 + (15 1) ) S15 =
(
( 2 ( 5 ) + 14 3 ) S15 = 240
2
2
a16 + a17 + a18 + a19 + a 20 = S 20 S15 = 470 240 a16 + a17 + a18 + a19 + a 20 = 230
S15 =

:
+1 + + 2 + ... + 1 + = S S >

9: :
) 1 + 4 + 7 + ... + 9 4
) 5 1 + 3 + 7 + ... + 1 3 5
) 3 + 5 + 7 + ... + 2 8 9
:
) 1 + 4 + 7 + ... + 9 4 1, 4, 7 , ..., 9 4
1 = 1 = 3 .
.

94 .
- 47 -

 2001-
= 94 1 + ( 1) = 94 1 + ( 1) 3 = 94 3 ( 1) = 93 1 = 31 = 32

32 = 94 S32 .
S 32 =

32
( 2 1 + ( 32 1) ) S 32 = 16 ( 2 1 + 31 3 ) S15 = 1520
2

) 1 = 5

=4

= 135 1 + ( 1) = 135 5 + ( 1) 4 = 135 4 ( 1) = 140 1 = 35 = 36

36 = 135 S36 .
S 36 =

36
( 2 1 + ( 36 1) ) S 36 = 18 ( 2 ( 5 ) + 35 4 ) S15 = 2340
2

) 1 = 3

=2

= 285 1 + ( 1) = 289 3 + ( 1) 2 = 289 2 ( 1) = 286 1 = 143 = 144

144 = 289 S144 .

S144 =

144
( 2 1 + (144 1) ) S144 = 72 ( 2 3 + 143 2 ) S15 = 21024
2

10: ( ) 16

50 ,

11 40 . :
) 16 .
) 31 .
:
16 = 50
+ 15 = 50
1 + 15 = 50
= 10

1
1

6 + 11 = 40 (1 + 5 ) + (1 + 10 ) = 40 21 + 15 = 40 = 4
) S16 = 16 ( 2 1 + 15 ) S16 = 8 ( 2 ( 10 ) + 15 4 ) S16 = 320
) S 31

2
31
31
=
( 2 1 + 30 ) S 31 = ( 2 ( 10 ) + 30 4 ) S16 = 1550
2
2

11: ( ) 10
40 ,

15 1 3 5 . :
) .
) : = 19 + 16 .
) : S = a10 + a11 + ... + a27 .
:
10
= 2
2 ( 2 1 + 9 ) = 40
S10 = 40
2 1 + 9 = 8
)

S15 = 135 15 ( 2 + 14 ) = 135 2 1 + 14 = 18 1 = 5

1
2

) 19 = 1 + 18 19 = 5 + 18 2 19 = 31
16 = 1 + 15 16 = 5 + 15 2 16 = 25

= 19 + 16 = 31 + 25 = 31 + 5 = 36 = 6
) : S = a10 + a11 + ... + a27 S = S 27 S9

- 48 -

 2001-
9
9
( 2 1 + 8 ) S 9 = ( 2 ( 5 ) + 8 2 ) S 9 = 27
2
2
27
27
=
( 2 1 + 26 ) S 27 = ( 2 ( 5 ) + 26 2 ) S 27 = 567
2
2

S9 =
S 27

S = a10 + a11 + ... + a27 S = S 27 S9 S = 567 27 S = 540

12: ( ) - = 7 2 .
) ( ) .
)

26

( ) .

) 187
:
= 7 2 ( + 1)
) +1
+1 = ( 7 2 ( + 1) ) ( 7 2 ) +1 = 2
= 7 2
= 2 1 = 7 2 1 1 = 5
:

+1 .


.
) S 26 = 26 ( 2 1 + 25 ) S 26 = 13 ( 2 5 + 25 ( 2 ) ) S 26 = 520
2

S = 187

2 + ( 1) ) = 187 ( 2 5 + ( 1) ( 2 ) ) = 187 (10 2 + 2 ) = 374

(
2
2
1

2 2 + 12 = 374 2 + 6 = 187 2 6 187 = 0

:
= b 2 4 ac = ( 6 ) 4 1 ( 187 ) = 784
2

1,2 =

1 = 11
b
6 784
6 28
1,2 =
1,2 =

2a
2 1
2
2 = 17

17
187 . 1 = 11
.
:

S 1
.
!

13: , , :
- 49 -

 2001-
3 +

, 2 ( ) , 5

, .
:
( 3 + ) + ( 5 ) = 3 + + 5 = 4 4 = 2
(
)
2

:
, ,
= +
2

14: , , ,
:
1
1
1
,
,
+
+
+
, ,
+
=
2 = + =

1
1
1
1
+
+
+
+
+
+

=
=
2
2


+
+




=
=
=
=
=
2
2( )
( ) + ( ) ( ) + ( )

)(

) (

) ( + )=

=
( ) ( + )
( ) ( + )

1
=
+

1
1
+
+
+
,
2

)(

1
+

1
,
+

1
,
+

1

+

.
15: ( ) S , S2 S3
, 2 3 . : S3 = 3 ( S2 S ) .
:

S = 2 ( 21 + ( 1) )

2
2

21 + ( 2 1) ) S 2 S =
21 + ( 2 1) ) ( 21 + ( 1) )
(
(
S 2 =
2
2
2

S3 = 2 ( 21 + ( 3 1) )

- 50 -

 2001-

S 2 S =
S 2 S =

( 2 ( 2
2

+ ( 2 1) ) ( 21 + ( 1) ) S 2 S =

( 21 + 3 ) S 2 S

( 41 + 4 2 21 + )

( 2 + ( 3 1) ) S S
2
1

S3
S3 = 3 ( S 2 S )
3

.
3,6,12, 24, 48,...
:
2,10,50, 250,...

.
:
 ,
.

.


1 0 .
1
+1 =


= 1 1
:

= 1
1 = 2
2 = 3

3 = 2
2 = 1
1
= 1 1

x, y

x y .

, ,
.
:
2
, , =

 S ( ) .
- 51 -

 2001-
:

1
S = +1 1 S = 1
1
1
16: 7 :
) 1, 2, 4, ...

) 27 , 9 , 3 ,...

) 2, 4, 8, 16, ...

8 4 2

:
) 1 = 1

=2

) 1 = 2

7 = 6 1 7 = ( 2 ) 2 7 = 128

= 2

7 = 6 1 7 = 2 6 1 7 = 64
6

2
27
64 27
8
) 1 = 27 = 2 7 = 6 1 7 = 7 =

7 =
8
3
729 8
27
3 8
17: ( ) 1 = 2 4 = 6 . :
9

) 6

:
2
2

2
1 =
1 =
)
3 = 6 3 = 27 = 3
9
9
9
3
4 = 6 1 = 6
) 6 = 5 1 6 = 35 2 6 = 243 2 6 = 54
9

1
2 3 1
2 243 1
242
S5 =
S5 =
S5 =
9 3 1
9
2
9
1
18: ( ) 6 = 108 3 = 4 .

) S5 = 1

.
5
6 = 108 1 = 108
5 108
:
2
2 1=
3 = 27 = 3
=
4

3
1
1 = 4
: 3 = 4 2 1 = 4 32 1 = 4 1 =

4
9

19: x 3 , x + 1 2 x 2 5 x 7
. x .
x 3 , x + 1 2 x 2 5 x 7
2
: ( x + 1) = ( x 3 ) ( 2 x 2 5 x 7 ) x 2 + 2 x + 1 = 2 x 3 5 x 2 7 x 6 x 2 + 15 x + 21
2 x 3 12 x 2 + 6 x + 20 = 0 x 3 6 x 2 + 3 x + 10 = 0 (1)

(1) :
: 1, 2 . 5, 1 0
x = 1 (1): ( 1)3 6 ( 1 )2 + 3 ( 1 ) + 10 == 1 6 3 + 10 = 0
( x 3 6 x 2 + 3 x + 10 ) ( x + 1)
1

10

= 1

- 52 -

 2001-

10

10

( x 3 6 x 2 + 3 x + 10 ) ( x + 1) :

( x) = x 2 7 x + 10 ( x ) = 0 .

(x

6 x 2 + 3 x + 10 ) = ( x + 1 ) ( x 2 7 x + 10 ) + 0 ( x 3 6 x 2 + 3 x + 10 ) = ( x + 1 ) ( x 2 7 x + 10 )

:
x + 1 = 0 (2)
x 3 6 x 2 + 3 x + 10 = 0 ( x + 1) ( x 2 7 x + 10 ) = 0 2
x 7 x + 10 = 0 (3)
(2) : x + 1 = 0 x = 1
(3) : x 2 7 x + 1 0 = 0 x = 2 x = 5 .
x = 1 x = 2 x = 5 .

:
1 0
= 1 1 0 !
20: :
) 5 + 1 0 + 2 0 + ... + 6 4 0
) 4 8 + 1 6 ... 8 .1 9 2
:
)
1 = 5 = 2 .

640 .
: = 640 1 1 = 640 2 1 5 = 640 2 1 = 128 1 = 7 = 8
S 8 = 5 + 10 + 20 + ... + 640 = a1 1 = 5 2 1 S 8 = 1.275
2 1
1
) a1 = 4 = 2 .
8

= 8.192 1 1 = 8.192 ( 2 )

4 = 8.192 ( 2 )

= 2.048 1 = 11 = 12

( 2) 1 S = 5.460
12 1
= 4
S12 = 4 8 + 16 ... 8.192 = 1
12
2 1
1
12

+2

21: - = 2 .
3

) ( ) ,
.
) 1 .
:

- 53 -

 2001-
2 +1+ 2
+1

2 +3 3
2
) +1 = 3 + 2 = +1 + 2 +1 =
2

3 2
3

3
2
.
3
2
21+ 2
8
1 = 1 1 = .
=
3
3
3

:

+1 .

22: ( ) , :
21 2 = 2 + 3 S20 = 20.000
) 21 = + 1 .
) : S = 12 + 22 + ... + 102
:
1 0

) 21 2 = 2 + 3 211 = 1 + 21 21 = + 1
0

20 1 ( + 1) 20 1
S = + + ... + = + + ... + = (1 + + ... + ) =
=

2
2

1
4

)
( + 1) 20 1 S = S20 S = 20.000 S = 10.000
S =
1
4
2
2
2

2
1

2
2

2
10

2
1

2
1

18

2
1

2
1

- 54 -

18

2
1

 2001-

4:



.

.
:

> 0 , :

, , : 0 =0.

:

, x, x1 , x2 , :

( )

x1

x2

x1 + x 2

x1

x2

x1 x 2

( )
x1

x2

= x1 x2

=
x

x
= x

0 =1

, :

f : ( 0, + ) f ( x) = x , a > 0 1
.
= 1 f ( x) = 1x .
: f ( x) = x 0 < < 1
f ( x) = x 0 < < 1
:
o
o x ' x ,
o (0,1)
o , x1 , x2
x1 < x2 x1 > x2

f ( x) = x
:

0 < <1

- 55 -

 2001-

: f ( x) = x > 1
f ( x) = x > 1
:
o
o x ' x ,
o (0,1)
o , x1 , x2
x1 < x2 x1 < x2

f ( x) = x
:

>1

:
x1 x2 x x .
1

: x1 = x2 x1 = x2

:
:
.
.
.
-.
.
1: :
) 5 x + 2 = 25
) 2

x 6

1
=0
4

) 8 x 5 = 4 x + 3

) 3 2 x 5 = 27
3
)
2

) ( 36 )

x 2 6

2 x

=
=

) 33 x + 5 = 1

) 11x

) 3 5 x +1 = 9 2 x

) 4 x 2 x 9 = 8

81

27
8

( 6)

x 12

2x

5 x+6

:
- 56 -

=1

) 5 2 x + 1 = 1

3 x4

1 = 0

 2001-
:


.

) 5 x + 2 = 25 5 x + 2 = 5 2 x + 2 = 2 x = 0
) 3 2 x 5 = 27 3 2 x 5 = 33 2 x 5 = 3 2 x = 8 x = 4

) 33 x + 5 = 1 33 x + 5 = 14 33 x + 5 = 3 4 3 x + 5 = 4 3 x = 9 x = 3
81

) 11x

3 x 4

1 = 0 11x

x = 1
= 110 x 2 3 x 4 = 0
x = 4

3 x 4

) 2 x 6 1 = 0 2 x 6 = 1 2 x 6 = 2 2 x 6 = 2 x = 4 x = 4
4

3
)
2

x2 6

27
3

8
2

) 35 x +1 = 9 2 x 35 x +1 =

x2 6

3
= x 2 6 = 3 x 2 = 9 x = 3
2

((3) )

2 2x

35 x +1 = 3 4 x 5 x + 1 = 4 x x = 1

) 4 x 2 x 9 = 8 ( 22 ) 2 x 9 = 23 22 x 2 x 9 = 23 23 x 9 = 23 3 x 9 = 3 3 x = 12 x = 4
x

) 8 x 5 = 4 x +3 ( 23 )
) ( 36 )
) 2 x

2 x

5 x + 6

( )
6

x 12

= 1 2x

x 5

= ( 22 )

(6
2

5 x + 6

x +3

2 2 x

23 x 15 = 22 x + 6 3 x 15 = 2 x + 6 x = 21

1
= 62

x 12

64 2 x = 6 2

4 2x =

x
5x
6
= 10 x = 4
2
2

x = 2
= 20 x 2 5 x + 6 = 0
x = 3

) 52 x +1 = 1 52 x +1 = 50 2 x + 1 = 0 x =

1
2
x = 2
,
2
3

2: :
) 2 x + 2 + 2 x + 3 + 4 8 2 x 4 + 2 2 x 1 = 1
) 2 2 x 1 0 2 x + 1 6 = 0
) 3 2 7 x 2 7 3 2 x 3 3 x + 3 + 9 = 0
) 2 x + 2 3 x + 1 = 3 x + 3 5 2 x + 2
:

) 4 2 x 1 2 x + 3 = 4
) 9 x + 1 = 2 4 x + 1 6 3 2 x + 1

2x
2x
+
2

=1
)
24
21
4 2 x + 8 2 x + 3 2 x + 2 x = 1 16 2 x = 1 2 4 2 x = 2 0 2 4 + x = 2 0 4 + x = 0 x = 4
2 x + 2 + 2 x + 3 + 48 2 x 4 + 2 2 x 1 = 1 2 2 2 x + 2 3 2 x + 48

) 22 x 10 2 x + 16 = 0 ( 2 x ) 10 2 x + 16 = 0 (1)
2

= 2
2 x = (1) 2 10 + 16 = 0
= 8
x
= 2 2 = 2 x = 1
= 8 2 x = 8 2 x = 2 3 x = 3
:


.

.

- 57 -

 2001-

3 27 x 27 32 x 3 3x +3 + 9 = 0 3 ( 3

(3 )
27

x 2

x 3

33

33 3x + 9 = 0

3 ( 3 x ) ( 3x ) 27 3x + 9 = 0 (1)
3

3 x = (1) 3 3 2 2 7 + 9 = 0 .
:
= 3
2 9 = 0

3
2
2
3 27 + 9 = 0 ( 9 ) ( 3 1) = 0

1
3 1 = 0
= 3
= 3 3 x = 3 x = 1
= 3 3 x = 3 , !
= 1 3 x = 1 3 x = 31 x = 1
3

x 1

x +3

=4 2

)
2

x 1
4

x +3
8

= 22 2

x 1

2 x 2+ x +3
8

2 x + 2 3x +1 = 3x +3 5 2 x + 2
)

x +3

1
4

x 1
1
x 1 x +3 12 4
2
x +3 8
4
= 2 2 ( 2 ) = 2 2 ( 2 ) = 22

2x 2 + x + 3
= 2 3 x + 1 = 16 3 x = 15 x = 5
8
2 x + 2 3 3x = 33 3x 5 22 2 x 2 x + 6 3x = 27 3x 20 2 x
= 22

2x
2
21 2 = 21 3 2 = 3 x = 1 = 1 x = 0
3
3
x

9 x +1 = 2 4 x +1 6 32 x +1 9 9 x = 2 4 ( 22 )

x +1

6 3 9 x 9 9 x = 8 4 x 18 9 x

2x
3
32 )
(
9x
8
23
3
3
3
x
x
27 9 = 8 4 x =

= 3 = 2 x = 3 x =
x
4
27
2
( 22 ) 3 2 2

3: :
) 5

3x7

3
)
5

<5

4 x 3

1
)
3

x 1

1

3

x +12

) 2

4 x2 9

x2

) 2 16 < 1

>1

) 4

:
) 53 x 7 < 5 x 1 3 x 7 < x 1 2 x < 6 x < 3
4 x 3

x +12

1
1
)

4 x 3 x + 12 3 x 15 x 5
3
3
) 2 x 5 > 1 2 x 5 > 2 0 x 5 > 0 x > 5
1
)
5

3
)
5

x 5

x2 x

4 x 2 9

1
1

25
5

3
>1
5

x2 x

4 x 2 9

x2

1
)
5

>1

1

8

x +3

1
32

9
3
3 3
> 4 x2 9 < 0 x2 < x ,
4
5
2 2
- 58 -

1
25

2 2 x 1 8 x 1

:
> 1
x > x x1 > x2
0 < < 1
x > x x1 < x2
1

1
x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 0 x [ 1, 2]
5
0

x2 x

 2001-
2

) 2 x 16 x < 1 2 x 24 x < 20 2 x
) 4

x2

1

8

x +3

+4 x

< 20 x 2 + 4 x < 0 x ( 4, 0 )

1
22 x 4 23 x 9 25 2 x 13 2 5 x 13 5 x 8 x 8
32
1

3x

) 22 x1 8x1 2 22 x 1 23 x 3 2 2 22 x1 2

5
2

2 x 1 3x

5
3
3
x x
2
2
2

4: :
) 2 2 x 5 2 x + 4 > 0
) 9 x 2 3 x 3 < 0
) 2 x + 2 3 x 9

) 4

) 50 x + 10 2 x 1 3 10 x +1

x+

1
2

3 10 x 52 x +1 < 0

) 3 x 6 3 x < 1

:
)
22 x 5 2 x + 4 > 0 ( 2 x ) 5 2 x + 4 > 0 (1)
2

2 x = (1)
2 5 + 4 > 0 ( 1) ( 4 ) > 0
< 1 > 4
2 x < 1
2 x < 20
x < 0

.

2 x > 4 2 x > 22
x > 2

x ( , 0 ) ( 2, + )

x
x
1 < 3 < 3 3 < 3 x < 1 .
x ( ,1)

( 1) ( 4 )

0 +

3 x = (1)
2 2 3 < 0 ( + 1) ( 3) < 0

)
9 x 2 3x 3 < 0 ( 3x ) 2 3x 3 < 0 (1)

0 +

+1

( + 1) ( 3)

0 +

0 +

1 < < 3

:


x >

.

3
2 >0
2
2
) 2 x + 2 3 x 9 2 x + 2 x 9 ( 2 x ) + 8 9 2 x ( 2 x ) 9 2 x + 8 0 (1)
x

- 59 -

 2001-
2 x = (1)
2 9 + 8 0 ( 1) ( 8 ) 0
1 8
2 x 1 2 x 20
x 0

.
2 x 8 2 x 23
x 3

x ( , 0] [3, + )

x+

1
2

3 10 x 52 x +1 < 0 ( 22 )

)
2 2 3 2 5 55
2x

2x

x+

1
2

( 1) ( 8 )

0 +

0 +
+

3 2 x 5 x 5 52 x < 0 22 x +1 3 2 x 5x 5 52 x
2

x
2 x
2
2 3 5 < 0 (1)
5
5

52 x > 0

:


!
x

2
= (1)
5
5

2 2 3 5 < 0 2 ( + 1 ) < 0
2

1 < < 5
2
x

5
2

5
2

+1

2 ( + 1)
2

0 +

0 +

2 5
2 5
1 < < <
2
2
5
5
x

2 2
< x > 1
5 5

x ( 1, + )

:
1
!
0 1
!

- 60 -

 2001-

50 + 10 2
x

x 1

3 x +1
2x 3
x
x
10 2 25 + 10 10 10 x 2 x 52 x + 5 2 x 6 2 x 5 x
5
2 5

2x >0

52 x + 5 6 5 x ( 5 x ) 6 5 x + 5 0 (1)
2

5 x = (1)
2 6 + 5 0 ( 1) ( 5 ) 0
1

1 5 5 5 5 5 0 x 1.
x [ 0,1]
x

( 1) ( 5 )

0 +

0 +
+

3 >0
2
2
) 3 x 6 3 x < 1 3 x 6 1x < 1 ( 3 x ) 6 < 3 x ( 3 x ) 3 x 6 < 0

3 = (1)
2 6 < 0 ( 3 ) ( + 2 ) < 0
x

2 < 3 < 3 3 < 3 x < 1 .
x ( ,1)
x

2 < < 3
x

+2

( 3) ( + 2 )

0 +

0 +

:
x
.
x .

- 61 -

 2001-
,
.
2 x = 8 8 23 2 x = 8 2 x = 2 3 x = 3 .
2 x = 9 ;
9 2 ,
.
f ( x) = 2x
3,1 .

> 0 x = , > 0 1 ,
log . . :

>0

> 0, 1 :

x = x = log

log 1 = 0
log 1 = 0 1 = 0 !

log = 1
log = 1 = 1 !

log x = x , x
log x = x x = x !

log x = x , x > 0
log x = x log x = log x !

log x1 + log x2 = log x1 x2 , x1 , x2 > 0

- 62 -

 2001-
log x1 + log x2 = log x1 x2 log x + log x = log x x log x log x = x1 x2 x1 x2 = x1 x2
1

log x1 log x 2 = log x1 , x1 , x2 > 0

x2

log 1
x1
log x1
x
x
x
x2
log x1 log x2 =
log x2 = 1 1 = 1

x2
x2
x2 x 2

log x1 log x 2 = log

x1 log x2 = log x2 x , x1 , x2 > 0

1

x1 log x2 = log x2 x x log x = log x ( log x

1

x1

x1

= x2 x1 ( x2 ) 1 = x2 x1
x

:
10 ,
log10 x = log x .
e 2, 72
ln x log e x = ln x

:
:
.
.
5: :
) log 2 16

) log 5 25

) log 5 5

) log9 3

) log

3
) log 4 4

) lo g 1 0 0

) log 1000

) ln 12

) ln

e
e

) log 3 0, 01

) log

27

9
27

ln e

) log 2 ( 2 + 2 )

1
4

) log

25
2

) log 2 16 = log 2 2 4 = 4 log 2 2 = 4 1 = 4

) log 5 25 = log 5 5 2 = 2 log 5 5 = 2 1 = 2

1
) log 5 5 = log 5 5 2 = 1 log 5 5 = 1 1 = 1

1
) log 9 3 = log 9 9 = log 9 9 2 = 1 log 9 9 = 1

32
1
2
log 8
= log 3 2 = log 3 2
23 2 2
22
22

)
3
4
4
4
= log 3 2 2 = 1 =
3
3
3
22
1
= log
4

4
3

2
3

2
3 2
1
4
2
2
= log 22
= log 22
= log 22 2 3 =
2
2
2
)
1
1

1
= log 22 2 3 = log 22 ( 22 ) 6 =
6
3

log 4

) log100 = log102 = 2

3
) log 1000 = log 10 3 = log10 2 = 3

) ln e = log e e = 1

) ln 12 = ln e 2 = 2
e

2
1

e2
e3
1
) ln
= ln = ln e 3 =
e
e
3
3

) log 3 0, 01 = log 3 10 2 = log10 3 = 2

3

- 63 -

 2001-
3

log

27

9
= log
27

2
3
27

9 log

27

27 = log 3 3 3 1 =
32

) log 2 ( 2 + 2 ) = log 2 4 = log 2 2 2 = 2

4
9

4
5
= log 3 3 1 = 1 =
9
9
32

3
2

10

) log

5
3

2
= log
2

3
2

25 log

2 = log 1 2 log
2

1 3
10
4
2 = log 1 2 2 2 =
2=
3
3

2
2

:


.

, ln 2
.

6: :
) log 6 2 + log 6 18
) log 2 24 log 2 3
) 2 lo g 5 + lo g 2 0 + lo g 2
1
2 log 6 log16
2
) 1 log 25 + 1 log 8
) log 2 + log12 log 3
)
2
3
log 48 4 log 2
log14 log 7

) (

) 2 ln 2 + 3 + ln 7 4 3

) 3log 4 4 2 3 2 + 2 log 5

log 3 81 + log 8 64 + log 2 32

1
log 1 64 + log 2
+ log 2 4 2
32
2

)
log 6 2 + log 6 18 = log 6 2 18 = log 6 36 = log 6 6 2 = 2

)
log 2 24 log 2 3 = log 2

24
= log 2 8 = log 2 2 3 = 3
3

)
2 log 5 + log 20 + log 2 = log 5 2 + log 20 + log 2 = log 25 20 2 = log1000 = log10 3 = 3
)
1
1
1
1
log 25 + log 8 = log 25 2 + log 8 3 = log 25 + log 3 8 = log 5 + log 2 = log 5 2 = log10 = 1
2
3

24
log 2 + log12 log 3 log 2 12 log 3 log 24 log 3
log 8 log 23 3log 2
3
)
=
=
=
=
=
=
=3
14
log14 log 7
log 2
log 2
log 2 log 2
log 2
log
7
)
log

- 64 -

 2001-
1
36
1
2 log 6 log16
log
2
2
log 6 log16
log 36 log 16 log 36 log 4
2
4 = log 9 =
=
=
=
=
4
48
log 48 4 log 2
log 48 log 2
log 48 log16
log 3 log 3
log
16
2
log 3
2 log 3
=
=
=2
log 3
log 3
)

(
) (
) (
) + ln ( 7 4 3 ) = ln ( 7 + 4 3 ) + ln ( 7 4 3 ) =
= ln ( 7 + 4 3 ) ( 7 4 3 ) = ln ( 7 ( 4 3 ) ) = ln ( 49 48 ) = ln1 = 0
2 ln 2 + 3 + ln 7 4 3 = ln 2 + 3

3log 4 2 2 + 2 log 5 = 3log 4 2 2

4

1
4

3
+ log 5 = log 4 2 3 2
4
2

1
2

+ log 25 =

1 2
2

4 2
3
3
3
= log 4 2 2 3 + log 25 = log 4 2 3 + log 25 = log 22 2 3 + log 25 =
4
4
4

8
8 4
3
= log 2 3 + log 25 = log 2 3 + log 25 = log 2 2 + log 25 = log 4 + log 25 = log 4 25 =
4

= log100 = log102 = 2

)
log3 81 + log8 64 + log 2 32
log 3 34 + log8 82 + log 2 25
4+2+5
=
=
=
1
1
1

1
1
6
2
6
2
log 1 64 + log 2
+ log 2 4 2
log 1 2 + log 2 5 + log 2 2 2 2 log 1 2 + log 2 5 + log 2 2 2 2
32
2
2
2

2
2
11
11
11
22
22
=
=
=
=
=
6
5
5
5 22 + 5
17
1
log 1 + log 2 25 + log 2 2 2 6 5 + 2 11 + 2
2

7:

1 , 1 1

log 2 5 log 4 5
log 8 5

.
, , ,
1
1
+
log 2 5 log 8 5
+
, 1 =
.
=
2
log 4 5
2
y
log 2 5 = y 5 = ( 2 v ) 5 = 2 v y log 2 5 = v y log 2 5 = y .
v

log 2v 5 = log 2 5 :
v

- 65 -

 2001-
1
1
+
1
1
1
1
log 2 5 log 2 5
+
+
log 2 5 log 23 5
log 2 5 log 8 5
1
1
1
3
=

=
log
5
log 4 5
2
log 22 5
2
2
2
2
1
3
4
+
2
log 2 5 log 2 5
2
log 2 5
2
2

=
log 2 5
2
log 2 5
2
log 2 5 log 2 5

!


, :

f : ( 0, + ) f ( x) = log x , a > 0 1

.

!
: f ( x) = log x 0 < < 1

f ( x) = log x

0 < <1

:
o ( 0, + )
o (1, 0 )
o f ( x) = log x g ( x) = x
1 3 .
o , x1 , x2 ( 0, + )
x1 < x 2 log x1 > log x 2

f ( x) = log x

0 < <1

: f ( x) = log x > 1
f ( x) = log x
:
o ( 0, + )

>1

- 66 -

 2001-
o (1, 0 )
o f ( x) = log x g ( x) = x
1 3 .
o , x1 , x2 ( 0, + )
x1 < x 2 log x1 < log x 2

f ( x) = log x
:

>1

:
x1 x2 log x1 log x2 .
: log x1 = log x 2 x1 = x 2

: ,
.
,
.
f ( x ) = lo g x g ( x ) = ln x
10 e
1 .
:
.
- .
.
.
8: f ( x ) = ln ( 3e x 2 ) g ( x ) = ln ( e x + ) .

y ' y ( 0, ln 2 ) .

) = 1 .
) = 1 f g .
- 67 -

 2001-
) f ( x ) < x .

) g y ' y
( 0, ln 2 ) g (0) = ln 2 ln ( e 0 + ) = ln 2 ln (1 + ) = ln 2 1 + = 2 = 1 .
) f 3e x 2 > 0 e x > 2 ln e x > ln 2 x > ln 2 .
3

f : x ln 2 , + .
3

=1

g ( x ) = ln ( e x + 1) e x + 1 > 0 !

) x ln 2 , +

:
f ( x ) < x ln ( 3e x 2 ) < x ln ( 3e x 2 ) < ln e x

:

-
.

2
1
3 ( e x ) 2e x 1 < 0
x
e
e x = 3 2 2 1 < 0

3e x 2 < e x 3e x 2 <

: 3 2 2 1 < 0 3 ( 1) + 1 < 0

1
3

x = log x

1 < < 1 :
3

1
3

2 ( 1) +
3

0 +

0 +

1
< e x < 1 e x < 1 e x < e0 x < 0
3

:
ln 1 =

2
x ln ,0
3

f ( x ) = ln x

ln 2 < 0
3

3 3
9: f ( x ) = ( x
.
1) log3
+ log x .

1+ 3 1

!
) f .
x

2x
x +1
) f ( x ) = log 3 x 3 .

3 +3

) f ( x ) lo g 9 lo g 2 .
- 68 -

 2001-

x 1

x
1+ 3 > 0
) f 3 x31 > 0 3 x 3 > 0 3 x > 3 x > 1 .

1+ 3

f : x (1, + ) .
) :
x
3x 3
3x 3
x 1
x 1 3 3
f ( x) = ( x 1) log 3 + log

f
(
x
)
=
log
3
+
log

f
(
x
)
=
log
3

1 + 3x 1
1 + 3x 1
1 + 3x 1
3 ( 32 x 1 3x )
3x 1 3x 3x 1 3
32 x 1 3x
f ( x) = log
f ( x) = log
f ( x) = log

1 + 3x 1
1 + 3x 1
3 (1 + 3x 1 )
3 32 x 1 3 3x
32 x 3x +1

f
x
=
(
)
log
3 + 3x
3 1 + 3 3x 1
) x (1, + )
f ( x) = log

:
2x
32 x 3 x +1
9
32 x 3x +1 9 3+ 3 > 0
3 x +1
9
x 3
f ( x ) log 9 log 2 log

+
( 3 + 3x )
log
3
3
(
)
x
x
x
3+3
2
3+3
2
3+3
2
9
32 x 3 x +1 ( 3 + 3x ) 2 32 x 2 3x +1 ( 3 + 3x ) 9 2 32 x 2 3 3x 27 + 9 3x
2
x

2 32 x 6 3x 27 9 3x 0 2 32 x 15 3x 27 0

3 x = 2 2 1 5 2 7 0 :
3

2 2 15 27 0 2 + ( 9 ) 0
2

3 9
2
3
x
3 9 3 x 9 3 x 32 x 2
2

:
x (1, 2]

3
2

3
2

0 +

2 + ( 9 )
2

0 +
+

10: f ( x ) = ln x .
) f ( x ) .
) : ln ( e 2 x 1) ln ( e x 1) > f (2)
2

) x ln 5 = 5 ln x

x>0

5ln x 6 x ln 5 + 5 = f (1)

- 69 -

x>0

 2001-
)

x>0

f : x ( 0, + ) .

) :
2x
e 1 > 0

x
2
( e 1) > 0

2x
e > 1

x
2
( e 1) 0

2x
0
e > e

x
e 1 0

2 x > 0
x > 0

x>0
x
x 0
e 1

( e 1) > ln 2 ( e 1) > 2 ( ) e 1 ( e
ln ( e 1) ln ( e 1) > f (2) ln
( )
( e 1)
( e 1)
(e
e 1 > 2 ( e 2e + 1) e 1 > 2e 4e + 2 ( e ) + 4e 3 > 0
2x

2x

2x

2x

e x 1 > 0

2x

2x

2x

x 2

e x = 2 + 4 3 > 0 :
2 + 4 3 > 0 ( 1)( 3) > 0
1 <

<3

1)

1)

> ( e x 1) 2
2

1 < e x < 3 ln 1 < ln e x < ln 3 0 < x < ln 3

2x

( 1)( 3 )

+ 0

x ( 0, ln 3)

0 +

) x ln 5 = 5 ln x ln x ln 5 = ln 5 ln x ln 5 ln x = ln x ln 5 !
x > 0 . :
x ln 5 = 5 ln x

5 ln x 6 x ln 5 + 5 = f (1) 5 ln x 6 5 ln x + 5 = ln 1 5 2 ln x 6 5 ln x + 5 = 0

(5 )

5 ln x = 2 6 + 5 = 0
= 1 5 ln x = 1 5 ln x = 5 0 ln x = 0 x = 1
= 5 5 ln x = 5 5 ln x = 51 ln x = 1 x = e

= 5.

=1

ln x

6 5 ln x + 5 = 0

x = 1


x = e

.
11: f ( x ) = log ( 3 10 x ) .
) f .
) 2x , f ( x ) log 4
x .
) f
x ' x .

- 70 -

 2001-

) f :
3 10 x > 0 3 > 10 x log 3 > log 10 x log 3 > x x < log 3

f x ( , log 3)
) :
2 x + log 4
2 x + log 4
f ( x) =
log ( 3 10 x ) =
2 log ( 3 10 x ) = 2 x + log 4
2
2
log ( 3 10 x ) = log10 2 x + log 4 log ( 3 10 x ) = log 4 10 2 x ( 3 10 x ) = 4 10 2 x
2

9 6 10 x + 10 2 x = 4 10 2 x 3 10 2 x + 6 10 x 9 = 0 (10 x ) + 2 10 x 3 = 0
2

1 0 x = 2 + 2 3 = 0 = 1 = 3 .
= 1 10 x = 1 10 x = 10 0 x = 0
= 3 1 0 x = 3 !

x ( , log 3) .
) f x ' x f ( x ) > 0 .
x ( , log 3) :
f ( x ) > 0 log ( 3 10 x ) > 0 log ( 3 10 x ) > log1 3 10 x > 1 10 x < 2
log10 x < log 2 x < log 2

lo g 2 < lo g 3 .
f

x'x

- 71 -

( , log 2 )

 2001-

x
x

2 x + 2 x = 1

x =

x x = 1

2 x =

x =
1

1 + x
2

x
x

2 x =

2 x
1 + 2 x

( x ) = x

( x ) = x

( x ) = x

( x ) = x

(1800 x ) = x

(1800 x ) = x

(1800 x) = x

(1800 x) = x

180

(1800 + x ) = x

(1800 + x) = x

(180 0 + x ) = x

(1800 + x ) = x

- 72 -

 2001-

(900 x ) = x

(900 x ) = x

(900 x ) = x

(900 x ) = x

(rad)
.
r 2r,
2 . 0
.

.

360

270

360 2

90

180

45

3
2

- 73 -

 2001-

30

45

60

90

rad

1
2

2
2

1
2

3
2

0
3
2

2
2

3
3

1
3
3

( ) = +

( + ) =

( ) =

( + ) = +

( ) =

1 +

( + ) =

+
1

( ) =

+ 1

( + ) =

1
+

- 74 -

 2001-

2
1 2
2

2 = 2

2 =

2 = 2 2 1

2 =

2 =

2
1 2

2 =

- 75 -

1 + 2
2

1 2
1 + 2

 2001-

- 76 -

 2001-

- 77 -