BASF Specifiers Guide To Waterproofing-File023935

Whatever your construction problem, whatever the structure is you are
building, BASF Construction Chemicals has an intelligent solution to help

you be more successful.
Our market leading brands offer the widest range of proven technologies to
help you build a better world.
Emaco
- Concrete Repair Systems

MBrace
- Composite Strengthening Systems

Masterflow
- Precision and Structural Grouts

Masterflex
- Joint Sealants
Masterseal
- Coatings and Waterproofing

Concresive
- Crack Injection Resins

Conideck
- Hand and Spray applied Waterproof Membrane Systems

Coniroof
- PU Based Roofing Systems

Mastertop
- Decorative and Industrial Flooring Solutions

Ucrete
- Flooring Solutions for Harsh Environments

Glenium
- Superplasticizers
RheoFIT
- Waterproofing Admixtures
Masterkure
- Curing Compounds
Rheofinish
- Release Agents
MEYCO
- Shotcrete and Spraying Equipment

Micro-Air
- Air-entraining Agents
PCI
- Tile Fixing, Cement Underlays and Waterproofing Systems

Intelligent solutions from
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Head Office
BASF Construction
Chemicals (UK) Ltd
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Chemicals (UK) Ltd
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BASF is the worlds leading chemical company: The Chemical Company. Its portfolio
ranges from chemicals, plastics and performance products to agricultural products, fine
chemicals and oil and gas. As a reliable partner BASF helps its customers in virtually all
industries to be more successful. With its high-value products and intelligent solutions,
BASF plays an important role in finding answers to global challenges such as climate
protection, energy efficiency, nutrition and mobility. BASF posted sales of more than 62
billion in 2008 and had approximately 97,000 employees as of the end of the year. Further
information on BASF is available on the Internet at www.basf.com.
Specifiers Guide
to Waterproofing Systems
23331_WaterProofing.indd 1-2 2/11/09 14:34:24
For more information go to www.barbourproductsearch.info
Introduction 2-7
Market Sector Sections
Subways, Tunnels and Shafts 8-11
Basements and Vaults 12-15
Wastewater - includes Pipes and Manholes 16-19
Potable Water 20-23
Reservoirs, Dams and Waterways 24-27
Marine Structures and Defence 28-31
Swimming Pools 32-35
Secondary Containment / Bunds 36-39
Car Parks - Exposed Decks, Multi-storey and Underground 40-43
Podium Decks 44-47
Balconies, Walkways and Terraces 48-53
Bridges 54-57
Roong - includes Green, Cold, Warm and Inverted Roofs 58-61
Sustainability 62
Commitment to Research & Development 63
Degradation of Cementitious Material 64
Admixtures 65
Construction Products 66
Glossary of Terms 67
BASF is the worlds leading chemical company:
The Chemical Company. Its portfolio ranges from
chemicals, plastics and performance products to
agricultural products, fine chemicals, oil and gas.
As a reliable partner BASF helps its customers to be
more successful in virtually all industries.
With its high value products and intelligent solutions,
BASF plays an important role in finding answers to global
challenges such as climate protection, energy efficiency,
nutrition and mobility. BASF posted sales of more
than 62 billion in 2008 and had approximately 97,000
employees at the end of that year.
BASFs Construction Chemicals division is the leading
supplier of chemical systems and formulations for the
construction industry. Continuous innovation and
tailor-made solutions ensures that its customers stay
at the forefront of technology. Its Admixture Systems
business unit specifically helps customers in the
ready-mix, precast, concrete products and underground
construction industries.

The Construction Systems unit offers a wide range of
products for sports and industrial flooring, external
renders and wall insulation, expansion joints and wood
preservatives as well as specialist repair mortars, tile
adhesives and waterproofing membranes. The division
operates production sites and sales centres in more
than 50 countries and achieved sales of 2.2 billion,
with approximately 7,700 employees.
About
BASF Construction
Chemicals Division:
Contents About
BASF - The
Chemical Company:
2 For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk 3
Protect Against the
Most Destructive
Element
Water is the most destructive weathering element for
concrete, masonry and stone structures, damaging or
destroying more buildings and structures than war or
natural disasters. Whether above-grade or below-grade,
all building envelopes must be able to resist unwanted
water in some respect, in the form of rainwater, moisture
or hydrostatic pressure. Hydraulic civil structures face yet
more challenges in withstanding the ongoing effects of
constant immersion.
Good waterproofing, or water resistance, can be the key
factor in ensuring a structures longevity, yet the
importance of this facet of structural design is not always
given the attention it warrants. The majority of problems
with water ingress occur in a relatively small proportion
of a structures surface area, often where design details
meet. Careful consideration at the design stage can limit
cracks, leaks and potentially serious structural damage
over a structures lifecycle, provided that trades work
together at the construction stage to implement design
details successfully.
BASF Construction Chemicals holistic approach to
waterproofing covers both new-build and refurbishment
solutions. Driven by the belief that prevention is better
than cure, we address waterproofing from first principles,
including admixtures for concrete, as well as offering
retrofit solutions.
This reference guide is an introduction to BASF
Construction Chemicals Waterproofing Systems
for architects, engineers, owners and procurement
departments, putting you in the position to specify the
right BASF products. The applications outlined are by no
means exhaustive, but cover most uses for our systems.
For more detailed information please visit our dedicated
Waterproofing website: www.basf-waterproofing.co.uk
Admixture Systems
The use of admixtures is a readily available concept,
allowing the design of concrete with enhanced properties.
The problem of water penetration in concrete affects
ordinary and high-quality concrete, both of which contain
capillaries and microcracks that allow water to pass
through (capillary absorption). This takes place wherever
there is a head of pressure on one side or a humidity
differential between the sides, and manifests as dampness
or visible seepage. Most, if not all, concrete inherently
absorbs moisture and soluble contaminants from the
surrounding environment. The result of water penetration
is likely to be corrosion of reinforcing steel if chlorides and
oxygen are present.
BASF has developed its Watertight System as an
alternative to membranes and built-up treatments: a
quicker, more cost effective and more reliable solution
in comparison with traditional construction methods. It
combines a reactive hydrophobic pore-blocking liquid for
wet or dry cast concrete and high-range water-reducing/
superplasticising admixtures. The result is inherently water
repellent, non-absorptive concrete with a reduced water
cement ratio, which is also protected against soluble salts.
Additional options include air-entraining admixtures
which can be used to limit the effect of the freeze-thaw
cycle, helping to prevent spalling and improving structural
resistance to weathering.
BASF admixtures for waterproofing:
GLENIUM
, RHEOCRETE
, RheoFIT
, RHEOFINISH
,
MASTERKURE
, MICRO-AIR
, MASTERSEAL
,
MEYCO
Membranes
Our Conica liquid-applied seamless coatings for roofs,
decks and other surfaces guard against water ingress,
including acid rain, de-icing salts, freeze-thaw cycles
and chloride ion penetration, protecting reinforcing steel.
In certain applications such as use on car park decks,
waterproofing benefits are combined with the prevention
of unnecessary maintenance and structural damage
during the structures lifecycle.
BASFs elastomeric liquid membranes circumvent the
perceived problem of uniformity of application as the
equipment used to spray-apply these systems can
guarantee a uniform thickness. A further benefit of our
systems is that they are solvent free, making them already
compliant with new Euro Code due to come into effect
in 2010. The absence of any solvent also makes Conica
systems suitable for spray application to treat foundations
and for use in interior spaces with restricted ventilation.
Below-grade, BASFs MASTERSEAL
spray-applied
membranes for tunnel applications are a faster, often
more effective alternative to traditional sheet membranes.
Applied in a sandwich construction between permanent
sprayed or cast concrete shells, this waterproofing
systems strong bond to the concrete lining on either side
mitigates the risk of water ingress by eliminating potential
groundwater paths.
BASF membranes for waterproofing:
CONIDECK
, CONIROOF
, Conica, MASTERSEAL
.
Ground and Water Control Systems
Unexpected water ingress during underground
construction usually escalates project costs, and inevitably
causes significant delays. To counteract these risks, an
economical approach is to pre-inject the ground with
micro-cements ahead of the advancing face. There are
also instances where post-injection, stabilisation of
soils and even structural repairs using high performance
chemical injection products are required. BASF has the
complete range of products and technical support for such
situations.
RHEOCEM
micro-cements represent a technological

advance in cementitious injection work. Their relatively
rapid rate of curing is a unique feature which enables
blasting rounds to be prepared more quickly, resulting
in enhanced productivity without the need for cycle
interruptions.
A full range of resin-based injection systems (acrylics
and polyurethanes) is available from our MEYCO

Global Underground Construction division, offering both
one and two-component polyurethane and ure-silicate
foams. Our single component foam is delivered with a
separate accelerator, giving the freedom to adjust the foam
reaction time.
Our mineral-based MEYCO
grout is stable and consists

purely of natural ingredients, making it non-hazardous
and ecologically friendly. Due to its very low viscosity,
it penetrates finer fissures than any cement-based
product and gives unrivalled penetration and permanent
stabilisation of fine, silty sands.

BASF ground and water control systems:
RHEOCEM
, MEYCO

Concrete Repair Systems
For many existing structures, remedial waterproofing and
repair works are intrinsically linked. Structural restoration
is often a vital preliminary stage in achieving a watertight
surface, particularly in the case of concrete substrates
where years of water infiltration, high in chloride content,
have been a contributing factor in the corrosion of steel
reinforcement.
The BASF repair range starts with a selection of mortars:
spray-applied repair mortars; a specialist DWI approved
high-strength repair mortar for repairing damage caused
by corroded rebars and nanotechnology-driven fast-track
structural repair mortars under the EMACO
brand all
complying to BS EN1504 part 3.
Where structural strengthening is required, BASFs
portfolio of MBrace
carbon and aramid fibre wraps,

reinforcing bars and plates supply a non-corrosive
replacement for steel reinforcement.
The installation of preventative measures such as cathodic
protection may also be appropriate as part of a concrete
repair solution. BASF has developed a special grade of its
flowable replacement concrete specifically to support CP
installations.
BASF concrete repair systems:
SHOTPATCH
, THORO
, EMACO
, MBrace

Applied Sealants
In damp or immersed conditions such as reservoirs, water
towers, tunnels and basements, proven high-performance
specialist sealants are essential. BASFs THORO
range
includes elastomeric mortars for damp substrates which
allow a movement accommodation of up to 15% and are
resistant to aggressive groundwater, dilute acids and
alkalis. Applications span the sealing of construction
joints, cracks in concrete and joints between precast
concrete panels or pipe sections, as well as flexible
and waterproof pointing. THORO
also offers the highly

elastic pre-formed dynamic joint waterproofing system
compatible with potable water, designed for a variety of
substrates where a high degree of movement is expected
in both vertical and horizontal directions.
Further options for wet and submerged surfaces are
available: BASFs polyurethane-based MASTERFLEX

sealants are temperature resistant from -30 to 80C and
include a sealant designed specifically for applications
such as water treatment works and waterways.
BASF applied sealants:
THORO
, MASTERFLEX
Cementitious Coatings and Renders

BASFs surface-applied cementitious coatings, for
positive and negative applications in water-excluding
and water-retaining structures above and below-
grade, protect against damp and the ingress of water,
effectively becoming an integral part of the substrate.
Our cementitious systems have been developed for
high performance, using proprietary chemicals, with
uses spanning everything from basement tanking to
waterproofing structures as diverse as reservoirs, tunnels,
swimming pools and pipes.
Whether you are looking for a basement tanking system,
a faade treatment or large-scale waterproofing of a civil
structure, the BASF range will have the answer. Systems
include potable water solutions and a slurry system
for capillary waterproofing, suitable for challenging
environments such as canals, dams, coastal and other
submerged structures.
In most cases systems can be applied to damp substrates,
ensuring that no time or money is wasted drying the area
to be treated.
BASF cementitious coatings and renders:
THOROSEAL
, MASTERSEAL
Waterstop Systems
Waterbars are not only expensive to install but can be
displaced or damaged during the concreting operation.
As concrete is unable to adhere to plastic waterbars
a failure rate of 15-20% can be expected. As there is
no maintenance opportunity, a further drawback is the
potentially significant subsequent cost of repairing leaks.
BASFs MASTERFLEX
900 reinjectable hose system for

construction joints is the alternative to waterbars where
watertight joints are essential. This preventative system
can be re-tested and re-injected at any time, allowing the
integrity of joints to be checked regularly. Constructed
from a tough, specially formulated PVC compound, it is
unaffected by weathering, low temperatures and constant
immersion in water.
Fast, easy installation, even with complicated design
details and proven performance, make MASTERFLEX

900 a reliable, cost-effective choice which eliminates the
need for kickers. Retro-injection at any time can stop leaks
caused by settlement, structural movement, damage or
excessive loading.
BASF waterstop systems:
MASTERFLEX
6 7 For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk

Kubak, Michael T. (2000) Construction Waterproofing Handbook.
McGraw-Hill
Spray-applied Waterproofing
The technology used in tunnel
waterproofing has remained
relatively static until recently. While
conventional sheet membranes
have been the norm, they are
often susceptible to leakages
that can be notoriously difficult to
rectify; moreover they are unable
to accommodate complex tunnel
shapes and are incompatible with the
construction of permanent sprayed
concrete linings.
In response to the need for a simple,
effective waterproofing solution,
BASF Construction Chemicals has
developed the new-generation
MASTERSEAL
345 spray-applied
waterproofing membrane, which
is simply applied in a sandwich
construction between permanent
sprayed or cast concrete linings.
The waterproofing systems
performance lies in the bonding
properties between the membrane
and concrete lining on both sides
this strong bond mitigates the
risk of water ingress by eliminating
potential groundwater paths.
MASTERSEAL
345 closes and

isolates cracks in such a way
that stresses resulting from water
pressure can be transferred to the
outer lining, leaving the inner lining
virtually unaffected. The crack-
bridging properties of MASTERSEAL

345 have been tested according to
EN 1062-7:2004, demonstrating a
crack-bridging capability of up to
5mm.
Injection
Unexpected water ingress and
poor ground conditions during
underground construction usually
escalate costs, influence the
environment severely and inevitably
cause significant delays.
To counteract these risks, an
economical approach is to pre-inject
the ground with micro-cements
ahead of the advancing face as a
practical alternative to more complex
post-injection techniques.
To meet increasingly strict
legislation covering the environment
and workers health and safety,
stabilisation of sands and soils
requires safe, durable mineral
grouts and micro-cements.
MEYCO Global Underground
Construction division has a complete
range of injection products suitable
for all projects including new and
existing tunnels, mines and large civil
engineering projects.
Watertight Joints
Wherever tricky joints present
problems underground, in shaft
junctions, within linings, cast sections
or portals, BASFs MASTERFLEX

900 re-injectable hose system for
construction joints offers a watertight
solution. A preventive system that
avoids the many diasadvantages of
waterbars, it can be re-tested and
re-injected at any time.
Subways, Tunnels and Shafts
8 For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk 9 Subways, Tunnels and Shafts
Layer of primary permanent
sprayed concrete
Layer of MASTERSEAL
membrane
Layer of secondary permanent
sprayed or cast concrete
Rock bolt
Wet spot: pre-treatment,
sealing or drainage
Fine crack injection
Consolidation grouting
1. MASTERSEAL
345 spray-applied waterproofing membrane.

2. MASTERFLEX
joint sealers.
3. MEYCO
injection resins for waterproofing.

4. MASTERFLEX
900 re-injectable hose system for construction joints.

5. MEYCO
SA160, GLENIUM
, DELVOCRETE
, admixture solutions
for successful, durable sprayed concrete according to requirements
and site conditions.
1
2
4
3
5
Leeming, M.B. (1989). Concrete in the Oceans programmer -
co-ordinating report on the whole programme.
Offshore Technology Report OTH 87 248, HMSO.
Allen, R.T.L, Concrete in Coastal Structures
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Suitable Structures
Reservoir roofs l l l l l l l l
Reservoirs-internal: hard water l l l l l l l l
Reservoirs-internal: soft water l l l l l
Water towers l l l l l l l
South America
Machadinho Hydroelectric Power Station Tunnels, Brazil
Zapata Highway Tunnel, Chile
Lo Prado Highway Tunnel, Chile
Orientales Underground Station, Santiago Metro, Chile
Asia Pacific
MTRC Cross Passages, Hong Kong
MTRC Vent Tunnel Enlargements, Hong Kong
Parramatta Rail Link Station Tunnels, Sydney, Australia
The 1,960m Giswil road tunnel in central Switzerland is a two-lane road tunnel
with an emergency escape tunnel running parallel. The main road tunnel
is located in Mica Schists excavated by drill-and-blast. The final structure
consists of a double shell concrete lining with drained waterproofing, utilising
a PVC sheet membrane and a geotextile fleece for drainage. The emergency
escape tunnel was excavated by a 4m diameter hard-rock TBM and supported
by pattern rock bolting and sprayed concrete. A length of approximately 10m
in each end of the tunnel was excavated by drill-and-blast. In the portal areas a
cut-and-cover concrete tunnel was constructed.
The Challenge
The Engineer required a waterproofing solution in the outermost parts of the
escape tunnel at both ends which supported:
No water ingress in the bored part of the tunnel
Continuous waterproofing from the bored tunnel through the blasted part of
the tunnel to the cut-and-cover concrete tunnel at the portal
Compatibility between the waterproofing of the cut-and-cover concrete
tunnel and the waterproofing of the rock tunnel
The Engineer chose an undrained solution, with a waterproofing system that
covered the entire profile, including the invert
The Solution
Sprayable Waterproofing Membrane MASTERSEAL
345
The high bond strength to concrete meant there would be no migration of
water along the membrane/substrate interface, significantly reducing the
risk of water seepage even by eventual damages or holes in the membrane
Able to waterproof the invert and the interfaces between bored tunnel and
drill-and-blast excavated tunnel, as well as between drill-and-blast excavated
tunnel and concrete cut-and-cover tunnel
Compatibility with the PVC sheet membrane and Bikutop-system
at the interfaces
Injection rather than drainage for removal of water seepages because
of the undrained solution
Featured Project: Giswil Emergency
Escape Tunnel, Switzerland
11 Subways, Tunnels and Shafts 10 For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk
References:
Europe
Collombey Road Tunnel, Switzerland
Giswil Road Escape Tunnel, Switzerland
Nordy Sub-Sea Road Tunnel, Faroe Islands
Abbottscliff Road Tunnel, United Kingdom
Lausanne Metro, Switzerland
North America
Bergen Rail Tunnel, New Jersey, USA
Wolf Creek Highway Tunnel, Colorado, USA
Wine Caves, Nappa Valley, California, USA
Joint Sealers
Waterproofing Injection
Basements and vaults have to
withstand water conditions that are
typically more severe than those
above-grade. These include the
effects of both surface water and
groundwater, as well as a variation
of pressures from the surrounding
subsoils. Even the tiniest pinhole or
crack will cause water to leak into
a basement, whilst capillary action
can cause delamination of flooring,
mildew and staining. However,
below-grade waterproofing systems
need not take into account harsh
environmental conditions such as
wind-driven rain and ultraviolet
weathering.
Below-grade Barrier Systems
Under the THORO
brand, BASF
Construction Chemicals specialises
in negative-side (internal) surface-
applied waterproofing systems
for tanking basements. These
waterproofing systems are suitable
for use inside any kind of basement
structure and provide full protection
against damp and the ingress of
water. They contain no solvents,
protecting both the applicator and the
environment.
THORO
systems are equally

suitable for remedial and new-build
applications. Where costs and
scheduling are an issue THORO

waterproofing solutions have a clear
advantage over other techniques,
as they can be applied to damp
substrates, avoiding unnecessary
delays caused by drying out the
basement.
With approvals from internationally
respected authorities in countries
including the UK, France, Germany
and the USA, THORO
products
are manufactured to the highest
standards and are fully tested by
independent laboratories approved
by national building bodies.
BASF Watertight System
An alternative to tanking systems, the BASF Watertight
System provides integral waterproofing that eliminates
the need for external membranes and coatings. Utilising
RheoFIT
permeability reducing liquid ingredient, and

GLENIUM
high-range water-reducing/superplasticisers,
it produces an inherently water-repellent and non-
absorptive concrete which is permanently protected
against water ingress, soluble salts and acid attack. As an
alternative to using the separate RheoFIT
and Glenium

components, RheoFIT
799 is a powdered One Bag

version of BASFs Watertight System. RheoFIT
799 is a
high performance integral waterproofing system for wet
cast concrete incorporating combined waterproofing and
superplasticising components.
Watertight Joints
BASFs MASTERFLEX
900 re-injectable hose system for

construction joints is a preventive system that avoids the
many disadvantages of waterbars and eliminates kickers.
Straightforward to install, it allows joints to be tested for
watertightness before backfilling and can be re-tested and
retro-injected at any time.
Basements & Vaults
12 For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk 13 Basements and Vaults
Salt-inhibiting render if required
Optional bonding slurry coat -
THORO
ACRYL 60
THORO
WATERPLUG
Cracks
THORO
FLEXIJOINT
THOROSEAL
SUPER WHITE
THOROSEAL
SUPER GREY
GLENIUM

and RheoFIT
1. EMACO
NANOCRETE structural repair mortars, suitable for profiles and corners.

2. THORO
FLEXIJOINT elastomeric mortar for sealing movement joints and cracks in concrete/
masonry in damp/immersed conditions.
3. THORO
WATERPLUG ultra-rapid setting mortar, as a seal for wall/floor or kicker joints prior to
basement tanking.
4. THORO
ACRYL 60 blended with ordinary Portland cement as a bonding slurry coat for use on
dense non-porous stonework and engineering bricks.
5. GLENIUM
and RheoFIT
admixtures for durable waterproof concrete in basement applications.

6. THOROSEAL
SUPER WHITE (1st COAT) waterproof coating for spray/brush application to

concrete and masonry.
7. THOROSEAL
SUPER GREY (2nd COAT) waterproof coating for spray/brush application to

concrete and masonry.
8. Optional THORO
Macromix, renovation plaster to reduce surface condensation.

MASTERFLEX

900 HOSE
1
6
5
3
4
2
6
8
7
7
Material
category
Products Application
Spalling
over
large
areas
Cover
(mm)
Spalling
over
small
areas
Cover
(mm)
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Sprayed concrete SHOTPATCH
12 l l l l l
Polymer-modied
cementitious mortars
EMACO
Nanocrete R2 l l l l l l l l l l
EMACO
Nanocrete R3 l l l l l l l l l l l
EMACO
EMACO

Nanocrete R4 Fluid
l l l l l l l
EMACO

FAST Fluid/Fibre/Tixo
l l l l l l l l
MASTERSEAL
524 l l l l l l
THORO

MACROMIX
l l l l l l
THORO
WATERPLUG l l l l l l
THORO
DRYJOINT l l
Hydro-swelling
elastic compound
THORO
WATERPACK l l
Elastomeric mortar THORO
FLEXIJOINT l l l
Admixtures
GLENIUM
l l
RHEOFIT
790 Series l l
RHEOCRETE
222+ l l
Curing compounds MASTERKURE
l
Form-release agents RHEOFINISH
l
Waterproong
admixture and slurry
MASTERTOP
SBR 570 l l l l
Acrylic polymer
liquid additive
THORO
ACRYL 60 l l
Capillary
waterproong slurry
MASTERSEAL
501 l l l
Polyurethane resin
joint sealants
MASTERFLEX
474 l l
MASTERFLEX
462 TH l l
Polymer-modied
coatings and
membranes
THOROSEAL
l l l
THOROSEAL
SUPER l l l
THOROSEAL
FX100 l l l l l l
THOROSEAL
WR l l l l
Middle East
American Embassy, United Arab Emirates
Asia Pacific
Guang Petroleum, China
Rivervale Crest Condominum, Singapore
Saigon Holiday Inn Building, Vietnam
St Stephens School, Singapore
The redevelopment of the former offices of the Irish Times on DOlier and Fleet
Street in Dublin has created a new landmark development housing a mix of
contemporary commercial, retail, restaurant and high-end residential units
over basement car parking. The scheme allowed for the retention of listed
buildings and shop fronts along DOlier Street but permitted the removal and
redevelopment of buildings along Fleet Street and the construction of a large
atrium connecting the original listed buildings with a new structure facing Fleet
Street. With a gross floor area of 8427m
2
, 2309m
2
was retained floor space with
6118m being new floor space.
The Challenge
The basement level of the building was to be converted into dry commercial
storage, retaining the original vaulted under pavements and maintaining the
original footprint of the building. When selecting a waterproofing solution,
the confined working space meant that limited methods of application were
possible.
The Solution:
BASF Construction Chemicals in conjunction with the Dampstore jointly
proposed that the THORO
waterproofing system be applied to the walls

and floors of the basement. The solution provided was the most practical for
the development of the basement areas. A close contractor/supplier working
relationship, together with the back-to-back joint warranty offered by BASF,
enabled the contractor to offer the end client an attractive warranty-approved
basement waterproofing package.
Application
The original floor levels were reduced to increase the ceiling height and the
walls were underpinned. Reinforced concrete floor slabs were cast throughout
the basement. A sand/cement mortar modified with THORO
Acryl 60 was
used to repair/re-level sections of underpinning. A THORO
Waterplug fillet was

applied to the floorwall interface throughout the basement.
Two coats of THOROSEAL
modified with THORO
Acryl 60 were applied to the

floors and walls by hand, using a stiff bristled broom. Once cured, the
THOROSEAL
on the walls was protected by a sand cement render. The floors

were protected and levelled with MASTERTOP
524 cementitious screed.

In total an area of 1700m
2
was treated.
Featured Project: Irish Times Building, Dublin
15 Basements & Vaults 14 For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk
References:
United Kingdom
Bank of England, London
Stag Cottage, Devon
Plasterton Gardens, Devon
The Manor House, Devon
Europe
Henry J Lyons Architects Office, Dublin
THORO

WATERPLUG
20mm
THORO

WATERPLUG
THOROSEAL
SUPER WHITE
THOROSEAL
SUPER GREY
Some of the harshest and
most demanding conditions for
construction materials are to be
found within the sewerage industry.
The usual long-term problems
of reinforced concrete apply:
carbonation through CO2 or acid rain
attack leads to concrete spalling,
freeze-thaw cycles affect surface
sealing and deterioration, and
workmanship problems of low cover
and poor concrete mix design, all
affect structural integrity.
In addition, wastewater and sewerage
treatment installations face a whole
new range of aggressive conditions.
Turbulent water flows and suspended
solids lead to erosion and abrasion,
while chemical attack from high
sulphate levels and biogenically
induced acid formation create an
aggressive environment. These
can lead to a rapid deterioration
of concrete surfaces, corrosion of
concrete reinforcement and steel
structures.
a long history of providing repair
and protection solutions in this
challenging environment, including
cement-based coatings, high-
performance polyurethane, polyurea
and epoxy coatings and screeds,
joint systems, corrosion inhibitors and
cathodic protection solutions.
Cathodic Protection
Many of the technologies now used to
protect concrete from water ingress
and prevent corrosion were once
considered to have too short a life, or
be too high a risk to be appropriate
for the water industry. Solutions
such as cathodic protection and
water quality conditioning to control
corrosion were available long before
the privatisation of the water industry,
but were either avoided or used to a
very limited extent.
EMACO
CP60 system is designed

specifically for reinforced concrete
applications. Comprising highly
conductive coated fibres, which
are tri-dimensionally distributed
throughout a polymer-modified
cementitious mortar, this type of
system can be wet-spray applied
allowing easy installation, even
overhead, with current feeder wires
installed every two metres.
Wastewater
16 For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk 17 Wastewater - includes pipes and manholes
Protective Coatings
Chemically resistant coatings and
linings offer a technically acceptable,
cost-effective method of enhancing
the performance of reinforced
concrete structures, including
sewers. Where thin coatings of pure
or modified resins such as coal tar
or pitch epoxy have been commonly
used in the past to reduce water
permeability, newer products resolve
health concerns as they bypass
the potentially carcinogenic tar
component.
Repair mortars that use low C3A
cements give a high sulphate
resistance, while anti-osmotic epoxy
cementitious underlayments and
primers give chemical resistance prior
to applying PU/solvent-free epoxy
coatings. Whatever the system used,
it must be able to resist hydrogen
sulphide, sulphuric acid at a pH value
of 1.0, microbial degradation and
back pressure from hydrostatic loads
from groundwater, without damaging
the integrity of the membrane.
Cracks and spalling
Sludge scraper
Inlet
Decanting trough (Outflow)
Settling zone
Sludge zone
Sludge
1. RHEOCRETE
222+, RheoFIT
& GLENIUM
concrete admixtures
for waterproofing/chloride/sulphate resistance.
2. THORO
WATERPACK hydro-swelling, elastic compound, used

with THORO
WATERPLUG ultra-rapid setting mortar to form a

watertight seal.
3. MASTERSEAL
501 capillary waterproofing surface applied

slurry system, THORO
polymer-modified coatings and membranes.

Also CONIPUR M805 spray applied polyurea membrane.
4. EMACO
CP60 spray-applied cementitious conductive anode

system for reinforced concrete.
5. THOROSEAL WR
cement-based waterproofing render with

sulphate resistance.
6. EMACO
Nanocrete concrete repair mortars for corners and

profiles.
7. THORO
STRUCTURITE DWI approved rapid-setting, high-strength

structural repair mortar.
1
6
5
3
4
7
2
2
Sewerage Rehabilitation Manual, 3rd edn, Vol III Sewer Renovation
Material
category
Spalling
over
large
areas
Cover
(mm)
Spalling
over
small
areas
Cover
(mm)
C
r
a
c
k
s
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S
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Polymer-modied
EMACO
EMACO
Nanocrete R3 l l l l l l l l l l l l
EMACO
EMACO

Nanocrete R4 Fluid
l l l l l l l l
EMACO

l l l l l l l l l
THORO
STRUCTURITE l l l l l l l l l
THORO

STRUCTURITE R4
l l l l l l l l l l l l
THORO
THORO
DRYJOINT l l
Hydro-swelling
elastic compound
THORO
WATERPACK l l
FLEXIJOINT l l l
Admixtures
GLENIUM
l l
RheoFIT
790 Series l l
RHEOCRETE
222+ l l l
Waterproong
MASTERTOP
SBR 570 l l l l
Acrylic polymer
liquid additive
THORO
ACRYL 60 l l
Capillary
waterproong slurry
MASTERSEAL
501 l l l
Polyurethane
resin joint sealants
MASTERFLEX
474 l l
MASTERFLEX
462 TH l l
Polymer-modied
coatings and
membranes
THOROSEAL
l l l
THORO
FLEX 200 l l l
THOROSEAL
FX100 l l l l l l l
THOROSEAL
WR l l l l
Chemical-resistant
coatings
MASTERSEAL
190 l l l l
CONIPUR M805 l l l l
Opened in 2009, the vast Changi Water Reclamation Plant
(CWRP) project in Singapore has involved the construction
of the worlds largest covered sewage treatment plant.
Replacing all existing local plants in Singapore, the
CWRP is a compact and closed sewage treatment plant
built using the latest technology. It is designed to treat
800,000m
3
of waste water daily and can be extended to a
daily maximum capacity of 2,400,000m
3
.
Located at the eastern edge of Singapore, the plant
is mainly underground and stacked for maximum
compactness, taking up only 55 hectares, less than a
third of the land area needed for a conventional layout.
The plant includes facilities such as grit removal, primary
sedimentation, bio-reactors with anoxic and aerobic
zones, secondary sedimentation and sludge thickening
and drying. The physical and biological treatment
provided by the plant produce clean water of the highest
international standards, suitable for discharge into the
deep sea at the Straits of Singapore. The plant effluent will
be suitable for reclamation in the future.
The Challenge
The client required a waterproofing membrane suitable
for flat roofs and walls that would not only provide water
tightness, but also add to the aesthetics of the plants
vast roof.
The Solution
BASF Construction Chemicals supplied 62,000m
2

of CONICA
waterproofing membrane (CONIPUR

M800 + CONIPUR
TC 458 Pale Green) for the flat roof

and a further 40,000m
2
of CONIPUR
M800 for the

basement walls.
CWRP is part of Singapores award-winning Deep Tunnel
Sewerage System (DTSS), a $3.65 billion scheme planned
to meet the islands used-water needs for the next 100
years. Conceptualised and managed by Singapores
national water agency, PUB, the mammoth DTSS conveys
used water from homes and industries through a 48km
long deep tunnel sewer that runs from 20 to 55 metres
below ground to the centralised water reclamation plant
for treatment.
Featured Project: Changi Water
Reclamation Plant, Singapore
19 Wastewater - includes pipes and manholes 18 For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk
Americas
Wastewater Plant, Zipaquira, Colombia
Residual Water Processing Plant, ECHO-PETROL Refinery,
Colombia
Asia Pacific
CLK 525 Waste Water Treatment Plant, Hong Kong
Misono Sewage Treatment Plant, Japan
National Sewage Treatment Plant, Malaysia
References:
United Kingdom
Avonmouth Sewage Treatment Works
Crawley Sewage Treatment Works
Esher Sewage Treatment Works
Newbury Sewage Treatment Works
Great Harwood Sewage Treatment Works
RAF Welford Sewage Treatment Works
Specifying waterproofing systems for
the clean water sector is a complex
area that involves balancing current
and future performance criteria
against cost and installation time
constraints. A well-specified solution
will lead to a cleaner, safer and more
durable environment for the treatment
and storage of potable water.
Service reservoirs can suffer from
leakage, often through failed or
poorly maintained movement or
construction joints; in this instance a
fully bonded overbanding system is
recommended. The system must be
able to accommodate movement and
prevent the leakage and the ingress
of water.
Surface coatings also play an
important role in the refurbishment
of concrete and brick reservoirs.
Cement-based coatings such as
BASFs THOROSEAL
are compatible
with the substrate, will resist positive
and negative water pressure and
are vapour permeable, reducing
the risk of blistering. Where low pH
and/or soft water are encountered,
waterproof coating THOROSEAL

FX 100 is able to resist its aggressive
nature and protect the structure.
Our range of high performance
coatings and repair mortars are ideal
for application in confined spaces
as they contain no volatile organic
compounds and are easily applied
to damp substrates. Recommended
cementitious coatings for this sector
are easily cleaned and will withstand
pressure-washing and sterilisation.
Service reservoirs and water tower roofs require
waterproofing externally to stop the ingress of groundwater
and airborne pollutants. Exposed roofs in particular have
greater thermal stresses exerted on them and therefore
demand a membrane with high movement capabilities
as well as good mechanical properties. CONIPUR

membranes have been developed and successfully
applied for over 25 years in just such circumstances, and
are suitable for green roof designs.
BASF Construction Chemicals competency in supplying
systems to the water industry for both refurbishment and
new-build projects is based on many years of experience
gained across the world in a variety of climatic and service
conditions. We offer a totally integrated approach to the
design and installation of waterproofing and protection
systems at every stage of the process.
Our systems are applied by trained specialist applicators
to ensure long-term performance and all materials are
manufactured to independently audited ISO 9001:2000
quality systems.
Potable Water
20 For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk 21 Potable Water
Waterproof
membrane
Corner repair
Internal
waterproofing
Waterproofed
joints
Joints
Cracked
concrete
Roof joints
Overhead
repair
1. CONIPUR
spray/hand applied highly elastomeric waterproof

membrane.
2. THORO
WATERPLUG ultra-rapid setting mortar for crack sealing

and rapid anchoring of metalwork in damp/wet conditions.
3. EMACO
NANOCRETE, THORO
Structurite repair mortars,

suitable for profiles and corners.
4. THOROSEAL
FX100 elastomeric waterproof coating for concrete/

masonry in water-retaining structures.
5. THORO
FLEX 200 dynamic joint waterproofing system approved

for use with potable water.
6. THORO
DRYJOINT pointing mortar for bricks, stone and concrete.

7. THORO
STRUCTURITE DWI approved rapid-setting, high-strength

structural repair mortar.
8. MASTERFLEX
900 re-injectable hose waterstop system for

construction and cold joints in concrete.
9. MASTERSEAL
345 spray-applied waterproofing membrane

(for sandwich construction).
10. GLENIUM
and RheoFIT
admixtures to achieve
durable performance.
1
6
5
3
8
4
7
2
9
10
4
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Function
Concrete re-instatement l l l
Surface nishing l l
Surface sealing l
Surface sealing-elastomeric l l l
Expansion joint/crack sealing l
Expansion joint/crack overbanding l
Stopping active water l
Repointing l
Admixture l
Suitable Structures
Reservoir roofs l l l l l l l l
Reservoirs-internal: hard water l l l l l l l l
Reservoirs-internal: soft water l l l l l
Water towers l l l l l l l
Method of Application
Brush l l l l
Trowel l l l l l l
Spray l l l l
Roller l
Other l l l
Chemical Base
Cement l l l l l l l
Cement/polymer l l
Polyurethane l l
Epoxy/thermoplastic l
Polymer l
Approvals
BBA l l
WRAS l l l l l l l
DWI l l l l l l l
Europe
EYDAP, Greece
Asia Pacific
Bukit Batok Reservoir, Singapore
Hai Duong Water Supply Plant, Vietnam
Tone Waterworks, Japan
Shek Kei Mei Reservoir, Hong Kong
Upper Pierce Reservoir, Singapore
Featured Project: Lorca Reservoir,
Cartagena, Spain
23 Potable Water 22 For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk
References:
United Kingdom
Alnwickhill CTW, Scotland
Boughton Service Reservoir
Clandan Service Reservoir, Wales
Layer De La Haye Service Reservoir
Southall Water Tower
St Georges Hill Service Reservoir
Kilmundy Service Reservoir, Scotland
BASF Construction Chemicalss systems were specified
in the construction of Lorca Reservoir, a key reason
being that the company was able to supply certification
that verified its waterproofing products were suitable for
use with potable water and would resist submersion in a
chloride solution.
The Challenge
Legionnaires Disease is a bacteria that needs humidity and
heat (32-45C) to live and grow, making it a potential risk
in the provision of potable water. Adequate maintenance
of reservoirs and water systems and their disinfection by
professional technicians forms the fundamental basis for
its prevention. A variety of processes for water disinfection
are available, but generally chlorine-based products are
most commonly used.
During the summer of 2001 the city of Murcia had its worst
ever outbreak of Legionnaires Disease. As a result, a new
maintenance programme for the provision of potable
water was instigated to help prevent future outbreaks: this
included the cleaning and disinfection of all installations at
least once a year.
The Solution
During the construction of Lorca Reservoir in 2004, an
important element was the standardisation of joints to
achieve maximum waterproofing. BASF elastomeric
waterproof sealant MASTERFLEX
474, was able to

accommodate structural movement where applied
to expansion joints and covered with EMACO
S88C
Thixotropic repair mortar.
After cleaning joints and ensuring the absence of moisture,
backer rods were installed to support polyurethane sealant
MASTERFLEX
474, a product suitable for permanent

submersion and fully tested for water migration. After the
sealant had cured, a layer of MASTERSEAL
550 polymer-
modified waterproof coating was applied to fibreglass
mesh placed over the joint to completely cover it. Once
hardened, a second layer of MASTERSEAL
550 was
applied onto the reinforcement netting.
To smooth out 90 angles and ensure continuity
of waterproofing, floor/wall joints were coated with
waterproof coating EMACO
S88C Thixotropic
repair mortar.
MASTERSEAL
531, a single component waterproof

coating suitable for contact with potable water, was spray
applied to the internal walls of the reservoir for faster,
more uniform application.
Injection
Waterproofing a water-retaining
structure of the magnitude of a
dam begins with ensuring that
seepage through the substrate is
controlled. If geological conditions
necessitate either curtain grouting
or consolidation grouting, BASF
Construction Chemicals recommends
RHEOCEM
micro-cements for rock

and MEYCO
MP320T Colloidal Silica

for sands and soils.
Admixtures
understands that, whatever the
dams design, the performance
characteristics of the mass concrete
used is crucial. Concrete must
provide satisfactory density and
strength, durability, low thermal
volume change, resistance to
cracking, low permeability and
economy.
Whilst density, strength, durability
and impermeability are improved
by increased cement contents and
reduced water/cement ratios, thermal
characteristics, volume stability
and economy are improved by
restricting the cement content. The
use of admixtures can help to find the
balance between these conflicting
demands, particularly where concrete
zoning is employed for increased
economy.
Our MICRO-AIR
air-entraining
agents (AEAs) will significantly
improve the concretes long term
freeze-thaw resistance, with a further
benefit being the reduction in water
demand of the fresh concrete and
improved handling qualities.
Watertight Joints
BASFs MASTERFLEX
900
re-injectable hose waterstop
system, for construction and cold
joints in concrete, is designed as
an alternative to waterbars where
joints other than expansion joints are
subjected to hydrostatic pressure on
one or both faces of the structure.
Its use prevents the passage of
water through joints, recommending
it for use in dams amongst other
applications.
MASTERFLEX
900 eliminates the

costly design, welding and installation
of waterbars and, unlike traditional
installations where water is in contact
with the reinforcement up to the
waterbar, water cannot penetrate the
treated joint and rebar. Installation is
fast and easy, even with complicated
design details, and joints can be
tested for watertightness. Offering
proven, predictable performance,
the system can be retro-injected to
stop leaks caused subsequently by
settlement or structural movement at
the construction joint.
Reservoirs, Dams and Waterways
24 For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk 25 Reservoirs, Dams and Waterways
Water-reducing agents (WRAs)
such as BASFs POZZOLITH

and GLENIUM
high-range water-
reducing/superplasticising admixtures
can be used to significantly reduce
water demand, and our set retarding
admixtures usefully delay setting
times in high ambient temperatures.
Alternatively, in low ambient
temperatures our set accelerating
admixtures can enhance the setting
time of concrete.
Gallery
Consolidation
grouting
Foundation/
pressure relief
drainage
Grouting
curtain
Water
Uplift
pressure
relief
drains
Also appropriate for Roller-
Compacted Concrete (RCC),
MASTERKURE
curing compounds
can be applied to delay evaporation,
improve finish and eliminate the
occurrence of plastic shrinkage
cracking whilst our RHEOFINISH

form release agents provide a
smooth concrete surface.
Facing
concrete
Hearting
concrete
1. MICRO-AIR
, POZZOLITH
, GLENIUM
& RheoFIT

admixtures to achieve durable performance.
2. RHEOCEM
and MEYCO
systems for injection grouting.

3. MASTERKURE
curing compounds for roller-compacted concrete.

4. RHEOFINISH
form-release agents.
5. MASTERFLEX
900 reinjectable hose system for joints.

6. EMACO
and THORO
polymer-modified cementitious
repair mortars.
2
4
3
5
6
1
Novak, P., Moffat, A.I.B., Nalluri, C. & Narayanan, R. (1990)
Hydraulic Structures. London, Unwin Hyman.
Novak et al (1990) Hydraulic Structures. London, Unwin Hyman.
Product Quantity/Consumption
POZZOLITH
LD 10 More than 3 million litres

GLENIUM
51 400,000 litres
RHEOBUILD
1100 20,000 litres

MEYCO
SA 540 10,000 Kg
EMACO
S 45 20,000 Kg
Material
category
Products
Application
Spalling
over
large
areas
Cover
(mm)
Spalling
over
small
areas
Cover
(mm)
C
r
a
c
k
s
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a
lin
g
S
t
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tu
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B
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W
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p
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tio
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V
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F
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C
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Polymer-modied
EMACO
EMACO
EMACO
Nanocrete R4
Fluid
l l l l l l l l
EMACO
Fast
Fluid/Fibre/Tixo
l l l l l l l l l
THORO
STRUCTURITE l l l l l l l l l
THORO

STRUCTURITE R4
THORO
THORO
DRYJOINT l l l
FLEXIJOINT l l l l
Admixtures for
mass concrete
GLENIUM
l l l
POZZOLITH
l l l
MICRO-AIR
l l l l
Anti-washout admixture RHEOMAC
UW450 l l
Waterproong
MASTERTOP
SBR 570 l l l l
Polyurethane resin
joint sealants
MASTERFLEX
474 l l l
MASTERFLEX
462 TH l l l
Polymer-modied
coatings and
membranes
THORO
FLEX 200 l l l l
THOROSEAL
l l l l
THOROSEAL
FX100 l l l l l l l
THOROSEAL
WR l l l l l
MASTERSEAL
501 l l l l l
MASTERSEAL
345 l l l l
Waterstops MASTERFLEX
900 l l l
Curing compounds MASTERKURE
l l
Form-release agents RHEOFINISH
l l
The Karun 3 Dam and Hydro Power Plant generates around 4.172 MKWH of
power, controls seasonal floodwater and provides agricultural water in the
region. A double-arched concrete dam standing 185m high from the surface of
the river and 205m from its foundations, its crest is 462m long and measures
29.5m in width at its bottom and 5.5m at its top. The construction included
approximately 22km of underground tunnels and involved 2.7 million m of
concrete. The volume of the resulting reservoir is around 3 billion m.
The Challenge
The consultant involved in the project was concerned that the admixtures to
be supplied would not achieve the high-performance, high-quality concrete
necessary to construct the spillway in accordance with the designed
specification. BASF Construction Chemicals was one of four approved
chemical supplier companies tendering, competing in a very tough, close
pricing scenario.
The Solution
BASF was able to put forward the best price by proposing the supply of
Pozzolith LD 10, in powder form, for the project and offering assistance to
the contractor in assembling a liquidising unit at the job site. This eliminated
the extra cost required to transport liquids to the project, about 800km away
from the supply source. BASF was able to provide all the aspects of high
performance concrete (HPC), using the polycarboxylic ether (PCE)-based
superplasticiser GLENIUM
51 to produce exceptional results for the spillway

structures.
As a safeguard for consumption of the product, an additional 20% was
insured within the agreement. The clients satisfaction with price and quality in
comparison with the other tendering companies was such that, even after the
concrete works were finished, they requested that the extra 20% mentioned in
the agreement was still purchased and distributed amongst their other projects
at the time!
Featured Project: Karun 3 Dam
and Hydro Power Plant, Iran
27 Reservoirs, Dams and Waterways 26 For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk
Africa
Sondu Miuiu Hydro Electric Power Project, Kenya
Asia Pacific
Balambano Hydro Power Plant, Indonesia
Kinta Dam, Malaysia
Nathpa Jhakri Hydro Power Project, India
Three Gorges Dam, China
References:
Europe
Glendoe Dam, Scotland, UK
Mont Saint Michel Dam, France
South America
Rio Est Hydroelectric Project, Panama
Regional water system, La Rioja, Argentina
Turbine foundations repair, Guadalupe IV Hydrolelectric
Project, Colombia
Waterways, Tuxapan Thermoelectric Power Plant, Mexico
Ground Conditions
Penetration in Rock
Rockmass ssure size (mm)
Stabilisation of Soils
Rockmass ssure size (mm)
From seawalls to bridge piers and
breakwaters, the key factor for
the durability of coastal concrete
is its degree of exposure, which
affects the level of saturation and
the frequency and rate of wetting
and drying. Recent research shows
that it is the presence of cracks, not
their width, that has the greatest
influence on durability. Water is the
one common factor in the chemical/
physical deterioration of the concrete,
physical damage and corrosion of
reinforcement.
Admixtures
The best way to ensure durability is
to start off with dense, impermeable
concrete that restricts the ingress
of water, using the appropriate
admixtures to achieve optimum
performance. Using admixtures
within the mix design will help to
achieve this: GLENIUM
high-
range water-reducing/super-
plasticising admixtures and RheoFIT

waterproofing admixtures can
be introduced at batching stage
to provide permanent integral
waterproofing and corrosion
resistance. The BASF Watertight
System will produce a concrete that
provides protective and integral
permeability reduction, producing
dense, structurally sound concrete
for marine environments subject to
tidal and wet/dry cycling. Underwater
application of concrete is possible
using our anti-washout admixture
RHEOMAC
UW 450.
Construction Products
It is hardly surprising that coastal
concrete is often in a state requiring
repair. As well as the usual damaging
effects of sulphate attack, alkali silica
reaction (ASR) and freeze-thaw cycle,
it suffers from salt crystallisation and
scaling to a greater degree, as well
as abrasion caused by sediment in
the seawater and shipping impact.
Chloride ingress caused by seawater
is a major contributor to the corrosion
of reinforcement within the concrete.
Spray-applied mortars for large-scale
refurbishment, high-performance
patch repair products, joint sealants,
protective coating and membranes:
the solution for just about every
maritime concrete repair imaginable,
including the essential repair of
cracks. The products we recommend
for coastal use will contribute to
extending the life-span of concrete in
the most aggressive of environments.
Cathodic protection is a tried and
tested technique for maritime
structures suffering from chloride
ingress; products from our EMACO

Nanocrete range support this
solution.
Marine Structures and Defence
28 For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk 29 Marine Structures and Defence
Joint
Damage to sea wall
from boat hulls
Corners vulnerable
to spalling
Cracks and spalling
Higher concentration
of salt on horizontal
surfaces
Increased salt
concentration
near bollards/
drainage channels
Worst deterioration
Leeming, M.B. (1989). Concrete in the Oceans programmer -
co-ordinating report on the whole programme.
Offshore Technology Report OTH 87 248, HMSO.
Allen, R.T.L, Concrete in Coastal Structures.
1. EMACO
Fast rapid setting repair mortars suitable for use on

pedestrian walkways in marine environments.
2. THORO
WATERPLUG ultra-rapid setting mortar for crack sealing

and rapid anchoring of metalwork in damp/wet conditions.
3. THORO
and MASTERFLEX
sealants for damp/immersed joints.

4. THORO
STRUCTURITE R4 and EMACO
Fast rapid setting repair

mortars suitable for use in cracked and spalled areas including the
splash zone.
5. RHEOMAC
UW 450 anti-washout admixture for underwater repairs.

6. EMACO
NANOCRETE structural repair mortars, suitable for

profiles and corners.
7. EMACO
Fast, SHOTPATCH
12, EMACO
Nanocrete, THORO

STRUCTURITE R4: all suitable for large-scale concrete repairs.
8. EMACO
Nanocrete, SHOTPATCH
12, THORO
STRUCTURITE R4:
overhead concrete repairs.
9. GLENIUM
, RheoFIT
791 Series, RHEOCRETE
222+: admixtures
for durable, waterproof concrete in marine environments.
Atmospheric zone
Splash zone
Underwater
zone
I
n
c
r
e
a
s
i
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g

m
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a
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c
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y
1
2
7
4
8
3
5
6
9
4
Material
category
Spalling
over
large
areas
Cover
(mm)
Spalling
over
small
areas
Cover
(mm)
C
r
a
c
k
s
e
a
lin
g
S
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
a
l c
r
a
c
k
r
e
p
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B
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d
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a
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s
J
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J
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p
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W
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/
p
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c
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n
V
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t
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a
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p
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s
P
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s
t
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n
w
a
lk
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s
C
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p
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s
A
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c
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b
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/
p
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C
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P
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<
2
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2
5
5
-
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<
2
5
1
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-
2
5
5
-
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12 l l l l l l
Polymer-
modied
cementitious
mortars
EMACO
EMACO
EMACO
Fast
Fluid Fibre Tixo
l l l l l l l l l
THORO
Structurite R4 l l l l l l l l l l l
THORO
Waterplug l l l l
THORO
Dryjoint l l
Flexijoint l l l
Admixtures
GLENIUM
l l
RheoFIT
790 Series l l
RHEOCRETE
222+ l l
Anti-washout
admixture
RHEOMAC
UW450 l l
Waterproong
MASTERTOP
SBR 570 l l l l
Polyurethane
resin joint sealants
MASTERFLEX
474 l l
MASTERFLEX
462 TF l l
Structural
strengthening
systems
MBRACE
Carbon
Fibre Wrap
l l
MBRACE
Kevlar
Aramid Sheet
l l
MBRACE
Laminated Plates
l
Polymer-
modied
coatings
and
membranes
THORO
FLEX 200 l l l
THOROSEAL
FX100 l l l l l l
THOROSEAL
WR l l l l
MASTERSEAL
345 l l l l
Silane treatments PROTECTOSIL
CIT l l
The Challenge
At the time of construction, the UKs largest single pour of
self-compacting concrete (SCC) took place during repairs
carried out at Associated British Ports Oil Terminal at
Immingham on the North East coast of Lincolnshire. The
area to be repaired was located at the end of a jetty and
was problematic because its reinforcement was extremely
congested. The upstanding reinforcement prevented
access for the conventional placing and compaction
of concrete and, moreover, the 1.5m deep steel piles
supporting the area contained residual water, also a
potential obstacle.
The Solution
Using SCC by-passed these problems, as once pumped
into place it needed no compaction. BASF admixtures
GLENIUM
51 and MEYCO
MS 685 were added to 10mm

gravel aggregate concrete supplied by Lafarge Ready Mix,
which was placed by contractor Nuttalls.
Application
Over 250m of SCC was poured into the area, which
measured 27m x 17.5m, with a depth of 0.4m. The concrete
penetrated the full 1.5m depth of the piles, displacing the
residual water with no overwash. The pour was completed
with a single concrete pump in just six hours. The
Immingham ABP Oil Terminal SCC project was used for
research by the Concrete Society Working Party on
Self-Compacting Concrete.
Featured Project: Associated British Ports
Oil Terminal, Immingham, UK
31 Marine Structures and Defence 30 For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk
Asia Pacific
Redcliffe Jetty and Seawall. Australia
Jebel Ali Free Zone, UAE
Queens Pier, Hong Kong
Port of Singapore
Tai Chung Harbour, Taiwan
References:
United Kingdom
Immingham Oil Terminal
Trinity Pier, Harwich
Europe
Autoterminal Port Barcelona, Spain
Container Terminal Born, Netherlands
London Berth, Jersey Harbour,
Channel Islands
South America
Container Terminal, Paranagu, Brazil
International Terminal,
Puerto San Antonio, Chile
Pluspetrol Marine Terminal,
Piso, Peru.
Swimming pools must not only retain
water but prevent the infiltration of
groundwater when fully or partially
empty. Open air pools can also face
problems caused by the freeze-thaw
cycles. Aggressive acids, sulphates
and other chemicals in the subsoil
must also be taken into consideration,
for instance: the organic acids in
moorland water can damage concrete
and cement-based mortars. Advice
on dealing with difficult subsoil
conditions is given in BRE Special
Digest 1, Concrete in Aggressive
Ground (2005).
More porous than concrete, hand-
applied mortars, rendering and
tile adhesives are vulnerable to
chemical attack and require careful
specification. Once the swimming
pool is in service, locating and
repairing leaks is an extremely
costly process, particularly if
ceramic coverings have been used.
advanced product range and one-
stop specification service can help
to prevent the likelihood of future
waterproofing problems.
Watertight Joints
In water-retaining structures such as
swimming pools where construction
joints can be waterproofed by
grout injection, BASF Construction
Chemicals MASTERFLEX
900
re-injectable hose system offers
a watertight solution. A preventive
system that avoids the many
disadvantages of waterbars, it can be
re-tested and re-injected at any time.
Pool Surrounds and Deck Areas
Permanently wet areas such as pool
surrounds and deck areas, often
combined with underfloor heating,
must be laid to sufficient falls of at
least 2%, in accordance with
BS 5385. We advise waterproofing
the substrate in these areas with
PCI Seccoral
2K before tile fixing.

Tile Fixing and Grouting
When specifying a suitable tile
adhesive and grout for use in
swimming pools, it is essential
to choose the most appropriate.
You have to take into account the
following factors: background, type
of tiles selected, chemical balance
of the pool water and the intended
use of the pool. BASF Construction
Chemicals offer a complete range
of adhesives and grouts to suit all
requirements e.g. PCI Tilefast 6
Flex
, PCI Nanolight
, PCI Collastic

tile adhesives. As far as grouts are
concerned BASF Construction
Chemicals can offer a real alternative
to an epoxy - PCI Durafug
NT; it
offers high resistance to chemicals
and mechanical stress and applies
like any other cementitious grout.
PCI Durapox
NT Plus grout is also

available when only an epoxy will do.
Swimming Pools
32 For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk 33 Swimming Pools
Tanking
A comprehensive, reliable
waterproofing solution is to tank the
pool and surrounding area with our
special permanent waterproofing
system PCI Seccoral
2K. Designed
for use under ceramic coverings,
Seccoral
2K offers the advantages

of a cement/polymer combination for
successful waterproofing and crack
bridging while allowing the passage of
vapour to avoid damage from osmotic
pressure. It is used in conjunction
with our special waterproofing tape
PCI Pecitape
for extra protection at

corners and wall/floor junctions and
with PCI wall and floor gaskets where
required.
Perkins, Philip H, Swimming Pools 4th edn,
Taylor & Francis 2000
Tiled Walls
Rendering
and screed
Subsoil
Concrete cast
pool shell
1. PCI Pericret
& EMACO
Nanocrete concrete repair materials.

2. PCI Silcoferm
VE elastomeric joint sealants.

3. PCI Seccoral
waterproofing/tanking system.
4. PCI Pecitape
special waterproofing system for waterproof corner

and perimeter joints.
5. PCI Tilefast
and Nanolight series and Collastic
tile adhesives.
6. PCI Aquafug
, Durafug NT
and Durapox NT tile grouts.

7. PCI Tilefast
and Nanolight series and Collastic
tile adhesives.
8. PCI Aquafug
, Durafug
NT and Durapox
NT tile grouts.
9. GLENIUM
and RheoFIT
for durable waterproof concrete.

Connection joint
1
6
5
3
8
4
7
2
9
Material
category
S
h
e
ll a
n
d
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
A
d
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n
t
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o
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m
s
W
a
lls
F
lo
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s
In
d
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O
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PCI Elritan
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PCI Silcoferm
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PCI Apogel
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PCI Epoxy Grout
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PCI Tilefast
6 White/Flex White - Adhesives

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20 Rapid - Adhesive
PCI Pericret
- Levelling Compound
PCI Novoment
- Mortar
The National Aquatic Centre houses the first commercial
50 metre Olympic Pool in Ireland and was the host
venue for the Special Olympics in 2003. This magnificent
complex brings together international championship
sporting events alongside state-of-the-art family leisure.
Part of an expanding government-sponsored sports
campus, it cost 70 million to build.
The Challenge
The design of the National Aquatic Centre incorporated
a range of facilities within the 20,000m
2
project, from the
international FINA standard 50m x 25m championship pool
to a 25m diving pool with four diving platforms at 3m,
5m, 7.5m and 10m heights and a floating floor which
could change its depth. The AquaZone, one of the
most technically innovative water parks in Europe,
completed the wet facilities. Reliable, high performance
products were needed to ensure that each area was fully
waterproofed and could accommodate various technical
demands.
The Solution
The high profile project was a PCI specification
throughout, the original specification being broken
following the advice and technical support of PCI. As a
result of this successfully completed prestigious project,
PCI is now perceived as the experts in Ireland on
swimming pool installations. PCI has since completed over
30 pool projects in Ireland, demonstrating its expertise and
the ability to deliver to specification.
Featured Project: National Aquatic Centre,
Dublin, Ireland
35 Swimming Pools 34 For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk
Europe
De Peppel Swimming Pool, Netherlands
Villetaneuse Olympic Swimming Pool, France
Thermal Spa, Glcksburg, Germany
Asia
Casino, Macau, China
Ships
MS Norwegian Jewel
References:
United Kingdom
Ashford Leisure Centre, Kent
Cardiff International Pool, Wales
Chelsea Football Club Training Academy, London
Deptford Leisure Centre, London
Durham Leisure Centre, Co. Durham
Ireland
National Aquatic Centre, Dublin
Sheraton Fota Island Golf Resort & Spa
Trinity College, Dublin
* Subject to water analysis report.
A
Surround only.
As a second line of defence for
preventing, controlling or mitigating
major hazard events, secondary
containment is an essential measure
for petro-chemical storage. Around
25% of all water pollution incidents
involve oil and a significant proportion
of these incidents involve oil storage
tanks with inadequate or non-existent
bunding. According to the Health
& Safety Executive, maintenance
of bunds is often overlooked,
particularly in remote locations.
Clearly, structurally sound, regularly
inspected secondary containment is
essential to ensure the safe storage
of hazardous liquids. Bunds may
have to withstand both the static and
dynamic loads of the liquid as well as
its additional weight in the event of
storage tank failure, not to mention
ongoing thermal and shrinkage
stress.
Here defective or weak concrete
can present a real risk, and CIRIA
recommends that materials that can
offer a minimum 50-year service
life be specified. To achieve an
impermeable structure, bund walls
should be designed in accordance
with BS 8110 (1997) or BS 8007 (1987)
in combination with bund floors built
to BS 8007, the recognised design
code for water-retaining structures.
Specifying for Safety
Starting with structural design, BASF Construction
Chemicals can help to ensure that concrete mix designs
meet performance requirements. For example, water/
cement ratio is the most important factor and the lower
the water/cement ratio the lower the permeability of the
concrete. Our GLENIUM
high range water reducing/

superplasticising admixtures can be used to improve the
workability of a low water content concrete mix, enabling
more thorough compaction and lower permeability.
Furthermore, our RheoFIT
water resisting admixtures

provide a waterproof product with minimum effect on the
original appearance and texture.
We can also recommend suitable waterstops and
chemically resistant joint sealing compounds here
our MASTERFLEX
900 re-injectable hose system

for construction joints offers a watertight solution. A
preventive system that avoids the many diasadvantages of
waterbars, it can be re-tested and re-injected at any time.
Finally, our range of coatings and surface treatments
supply additional protection: epoxy mortar renders are
recommended for sumps in particular, as these areas
endure more abrasion than other parts of the bund.
Secondary Containment / Bunds
36 For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk 37 Secondary Containment / Bunds
CIRIA Report 163 Construction of Bunds for Oil Storage Tanks, p. 3
HSE Technical Measures Document: Secondary Containment
CIRIA Report 163 Construction of Bunds for Oil Storage Tanks, p.30
Surface Membranes
Joints
Surface membranes
Reinforced concrete
Polythene slip membrane
Blinding concrete
Foundation/hardcore
Subsoil
1. GLENIUM
high range water reducing superplasticisers and

RheoFIT
water resisting admixtures, suitable for reinforced

concrete: ground slabs, walls and foundations.
2. GLENIUM
high range water reducing superplasticisers within

blinding concrete under slabs/foundations.
3. MASTERFLEX
polyurethane resin joint sealants,

THORO
FLEX dynamic joint waterproofing system.

4. CONIPUR
M805 chemically resistant polyurea coating.

5. EMACO
Nanocrete polymer-modified repair mortars, THORO

Structurite rapid-setting high-strength structural repair mortars.
6. MASTERFLEX
900 reinjectable hose systemfor construction joints.

7. EMACO
FAST concrete repair mortars for ultra-rapid strength

build up.
8. UCRETE
RG render grade heavy-duty polyurethane screed with

exceptional chemical and heavy impact-resistance.
1
5
3
7
4
6
2
8
4
Material
category
Spalling
over
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Cover
(mm)
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Waterproong
MASTERTOP
SBR 570 l l l l
Acrylic polymer
liquid additive
THORO
ACRYL 60 l l
Polyurethane resin
joint sealants
MASTERFLEX
474 l l l
MASTERFLEX
462 TH l l l
Polymer-modied
coatings and
membranes
THOROSEAL
l l l
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FLEX 200 l l l l
THOROSEAL
FX100 l l l l l l
THOROSEAL
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Chemical Resistant
Coatings
CONIPUR
M805 l l l l l
MASTERSEAL
190 l l l l l
Heavy-duty
Polyurethane screed
UCRETE
RG l l
Chemicals MASTERTOP
TC473
Conipur M805 UCRETE
Solvent Free
Epoxy
Elastomeric
Polyurea
Heavy-duty
Polyurethane
Ammonium
Hydroxide
(32%)
R L R
Acetic Acid
(25%)
NR L R
Chlorinated
Water
R R R
Diesel Fuel R L R
Phosphoric
Acid (10%)
L R R
Hydraulic Oil R R R
Lactic Acid
(10%)
NR R R
Methanol NR L R
Motor Oil R R R
Sodium
Hydroxide
(50%)
R R R
Hydrochloric
Acid (37%)
L R R
Sulphuric Acid
(50%)
R L R
CIRIA Report 163 Recommendations (where given)
Standard
Concrete
grade
Min. cement
content kg/m
2
Water/cement
ratio
BASF
Admixtures
Bund walls
Internal
BS 8500
C30
325 Max 0.55
GLENIUM

& RheoFIT
External C40
GLENIUM

& RheoFIT
Bund oors/walls Standard BS 8007 C35A 325

Max 0.55 - CEM I
Max 0.50 - CEM II/B-V
GLENIUM

& RheoFIT
Reinforced concrete:
ground slabs
Standard BS 8007 C35A 325
Max 0.55 - CEM I
GLENIUM

& RheoFIT
Reinforced
concrete: walls and
foundations
Standard BS 8500 C40 325 Max 0.55
GLENIUM

& RheoFIT
Standard BS 8500 RC40 340 Max 0.45

GLENIUM

& RheoFIT
Standard BS 8007 C35A 325

Max 0.55 - CEM I
GLENIUM

& RheoFIT
Blinding concrete
under slabs/
foundations
Standard BS 8500 GEN2 200 - GLENIUM
Standard BS 8007 C20 - - GLENIUM
Concrete ll to
reinforced blockwork
Standard BS 8500 GEN2 200 - GLENIUM
The Challenge
The oil storage tanks concerned contained supplies of
diesel which amounted to 40% of the truck fleets fuel
consumption, delivered by train via the companys internal
rail system on the site. The steel storage tanks were fixed
inside secondary containment bunds constructed of
concrete, linked to a concrete sump that separated the
water and oil.
BASF Construction Chemicals needed to offer the client
a product that was resistant to oil attack and also met the
new regulatory requirements.
The Solution
Following research and consultations with the client,
MASTERSEAL
515 elastomeric waterproof coating

was specified as a base coat for the bund, onto which
MASTERSEAL
1390 reflective acrylic paint was applied

over an area totaling 125m.
The solution met the expectations of the client, passed
leakage testing and was approved by both internal
agencies and external regulators, serving as a successful
model for similar storage arrangements across Companhia
Vale do Rio Doces other mines.
Featured Project: Remote Secondary
Container, Brazil
39 Secondary Containment / Bunds 38 For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk
References:
United Kingdom
Huntsman Tioxide, Hartlepool
Avecia, Redcar and Corby
Ellis and Everard, Gateshead
Millenium Inorganic Chemicals, Immingham
Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Grimsby
Shasun Pharmaceuticals, Dudley
Bio diesel plant, Vivergo BP, Immingham
To meet the requirements of new environmental legislation,
mining company Companhia Vale do Rio Doce in
Itabira, Brazil, needed to create a remote secondary
waterproofed container to separate the collection of
water and oil discharged from its storage tank bunds.
Regulations specified that the secondary container must
be waterproofed with products chemically resistant to oil.
R = Resistant (greater than 28 days permanent immersion)
NR = Not Resistant (damage will occur in less than 24 hours)
L = Limited Resistance (Resistant for up to 3 days continuous immersion) The above table is for guidance purposes only. For specic technical advice please e-mail us at: ukwaterproong@basf.com
Car park surfaces are constantly
exposed to aggressive chemicals
as a result of oil and acid spills and
carbon dioxide gases. Surface salt
deposits in coastal areas with a saline
atmosphere, climatic conditions such
as humidity, rain, and the impact
of de-icing salts all contribute to a
corrosive environment, the effects of
which are worsened if cracks already
exist in concrete decks. The use of a
protective waterproofing membrane is
therefore essential to reduce whole-
life costs and down time caused by
the maintenance of deteriorating
surfaces.
The function of BASFs CONIDECK

systems extends beyond
waterproofing protection to the
practical considerations of skid
resistance, demarcation of parking
bays, traffic lanes and pedestrian
walkways. Systems that vary the deck
surface through the use of colours
and light-reflective coatings improve
usability, increase aesthetics and
create a safe, welcoming atmosphere.
The CONIDECK
range of solvent-
free, crack-bridging and non crack-
bridging polyurethane membranes
and wear-and-tear resistant car park
deck coatings covers both exposed
and covered decks. Our tough wear
coats provide exceptional durability,
while a coloured top coat gives
design flexibility.
CONIDECK
car park systems are

approved by the British Board of
Agrment, fulfil the requirements
of the German OS-F specification
for crack-bridging coating systems
designed to take traffic, and hold the
French ATEX approval.
Top Decks
A single system across an entire parking structure is
unlikely to be the best solution. The top deck of a car park
is the structures most vulnerable surface, exposed to the
elements as well as to oils, acids, salts and UV radiation.
To withstand such severe conditions, heavy-duty, UV-
stable, elastomeric waterproofing systems are needed.
Our solutions for car park top decks provide exceptional
tensile strength and elastomeric capability. Double the
thickness of most products, they use a multi-layer build-
up system to ensure optimum performance, even in the
harshest environments. Spray application speeds up
the installation process and gives controlled thickness.
CONIDECK
Systems can easily bridge cracks of up to

2.5mm in width and offer a high level of mechanical
resistance, while top coats are available in a wide range of
colours.
Lower Decks
Enclosed, intermediate and lower decks are protected
from weather conditions to a large degree and
although still exposed to aggressive de-icing salts are
less susceptible to stress than top decks. A range of
CONIDECK
systems for light to medium duty operations

take this into account.
Car Parks - Exposed Decks, Multi-storey
and Underground
Car Parks - Exposed Decks,
Multi-storey and Underground
1. CONIDECK
elastomeric waterproof deck membranes: spray or

hand applied elastomeric crack bridging membranes to provide
guaranteed long term protection even in heavy-duty wear areas
such as ramps and turning circles.
2. CONIDECK
intermediate car park deck coatings: solvent free and

water dispersed floor coatings, available in a variety of colours.
3. EMACO
Nanocrete cementitious concrete repair systems: for small

or large scale replacement of spalled or damaged concrete.
4. MASTERSEAL
protective coatings for anti carbonation and anti-

graffiti: aesthetic improvement and protection to delay the onset of
corrosion.
5. EMACO Fast
traffic repair mortars: for rapid setting repair of

potholes, joint arrises, etc. with a minimum down time and loss
of revenue.
6. EMACO CP
cathodic protection systems: for the only permanent

solution to heavily chloride contaminated concrete structures.
7. MASTERFLEX
structural adhesives and CONCRESIVE
resin
injection systems: for repair of non-moving cracks.
8. MASTERFLOW
cementitious and resin grouts: for anchoring

barriers, external cladding, etc.
9. MBRACE
systems for structural strengthening and increasing load

bearing capability: carbon and aramid fibre tow sheets, laminates
and rods with MBRACE
resin systems.
1
6
5
3
8
4
9
2
8
2
1
2
2
7
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Material
category
Spalling
over
large
areas
Cover
(mm)
Spalling
over
small
areas
Cover
(mm)
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l l l l l l l
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l l l l l l l l
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WATERPACK l l
FLEXIJOINT l l l
Waterproong
MASTERTOP
SBR 570 l l l l
Acrylic polymer
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THORO
ACRYL 60 l l
Capillary waterproong
slurry
MASTERSEAL
501 l l l
Polyurethane resin
joint sealants
MASTERFLEX
474 l l
MASTERFLEX
462 TH l l
Polymer-modied
coatings and
membranes
THOROSEAL
SUPER l l l
THORO
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THOROSEAL
FX100 l l l l l l
THOROSEAL
WR l l l l
Crack injection CONCRESIVE
1380 l l
Ireland
Blackpool, Cork MSCP
Douglas Shopping Centre
Europe
Brussels Airport, Belgium
Metro Head Office, Germany
South America
Salvadorian Social Security Institute, El Salvador
Asia Pacific
Harbour Front Multi-Storey Car Park, Singapore
The Paradise Project is an extensive 920m, 42-acre
regeneration scheme creating a retail-led mixed-use
development with six separate districts. Developer
Grosvenors massive scheme included three new-
build Q-Park multi-storey car parks requiring major
deck installations using BASF Construction Chemicals
CONIDECK
systems.
The Challenge
As part of Europes biggest current city centre
development, the nature of the vast new underground
Strand Street car park structure presented unique
challenges for which new installation techniques were
developed. The car park provides four parking levels under
Chavasse Park, a multi-functional space for recreation with
a central performance area. Acting as a link between the
city and the waterfront, the Parks contoured profile allows
the concealment of the four parking decks.

Accommodating over 2000 cars in total, the deck area
covered with CONIDECK
amounted to around 60,000m.

With the four parking levels situated at depths of 0.5, 3.0,
6.5 and 9.7 metres, the contractor was working with no
natural daylight, and the nature of underground working
meant that it was important to employ techniques that
minimised the production of dust when blasting decks,
particularly as deck membrane installation took place
before the car parks extraction system was operational.
The Solution
With no air extraction, CONIDECK
s solvent-free
polyurethane formulation and cold working properties
were ideal for the job from a health and safety perspective.
Electrical rather than diesel plant was used, also for
safety reasons, and no power was needed to install the
CONIDECK
membranes, which were roller applied in this

instance.
A combination of two BASF CONIDECK
systems were
used: CONIDECK
2257 and CONIDECK
2260, both
designed for use on enclosed, intermediate and lower
decks and bays. In turning circles and ramps, the areas
that suffer the highest mechanical stress, a greater
aggregate content increased wear resistance, producing a
heavy-duty, skid resistant surface for long-term protection.
Featured Project: Paradise Street,
Liverpool, UK
43
Car Parks - Exposed Decks,
Multi-storey and Underground
42 For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk
References:
United Kingdom
Ankerside Shopping Centre, Tamworth
Brewer Street, London
Jordangate MSCP, Macclesfield
Ladysmith Shopping Centre, Ashton-Under-Lyne
PalaceXchange, Enfield
Silverburn Mall, South Glasgow, Scotland
Sheffield Riverside, Sheffield
The cost of land in cities now dictates
that owners maximize their sites: as
a result podiums are often a feature
of contemporary commercial and
domestic properties. Defined as
decks which are raised above the
general level of their surroundings,
they can be used to create an
entrance lobby, delivery areas,
service areas, roadways, terraces,
garden areas or car parking.
Whatever the usage, waterproofing
the podium deck is a key element in
ensuring the integrity of the overall
building envelope.
Deck waterproofing systems
for podiums must take into
consideration the need for movement
accommodation. Although concrete
podium deck construction is similar
in many respects to that of balconies,
the greater width of podiums means
that a larger area is exposed, and
a higher level of thermal movement
is likely, particularly if the deck is
used for parking or access for traffic.
In such areas of vehicular traffic,
there will also be an increase in the
dynamic loading of the structure.
The additional weight of landscaping
features such as paving and planters
may also be a factor.
For landscaped or trafficable podium
decks, BASF Construction Chemicals
CONIROOF
landscaping and podium

deck systems are BBA approved and
provide a surface that is fully bonded
to the deck, meaning that water
cannot track under the system, unlike
unbonded sheet membranes which
can allow water to migrate between
the slab and the membrane. A robust
and puncture resistant waterproofing
solution, CONIROOF
avoids the
need for falls in the deck and speeds
up the construction process which
can lead to significant cost savings
across the project.
Built-in root resistance to DIN 4062
standards saves the time and cost
involved in installing a separate root
barrier in hard and soft landscaped
areas. It also removes the possibility
of the separate root barrier being
omitted on site. The relevant BBA
certificate states that, when subjected
to normal service conditions, the
system will provide an effective
barrier to the transmission of liquid
water for the design life of the roof
into which it is incorporated.
Podium Decks
44 For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk 45 Podium Decks
1. Optional screed to falls.
2. MASTERTOP
primers and preparation coats.

3. CONIROOF
waterproof membranes:
select from systems 2110, 2111, 2103 or 2150.
4. Drainage layer with geotextile filter: CONIDRAIN
drainage board.
1
5
3
4
2
Material
category
Spalling
over
large
areas
Cover
(mm)
Spalling
over
small
areas
Cover
(mm)
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Polymer-modied
EMACO
EMACO
EMACO
EMACO

Nanocrete R4 Fluid
l l l l l l l
THORO
STRUCTURITE R4
THORO
DRYJOINT l l
THORO
WATERPLUG l l l l l
Hydro-swelling
elastic compound
THORO
WATERPACK l
FLEXIJOINT l l l
Waterproong
MASTERTOP
SBR 570 l l l l
Acrylic polymer
liquid additive
THORO
ACRYL 60 l l
slurry
MASTERSEAL
501 l l
Polyurethane resin
joint sealants
MASTERFLEX
474 l l
MASTERFLEX
462 TH l l
Polymer-modied
coatings and
membranes
THOROSEAL
l l l
THOROSEAL
SUPER l l l
THORO
FLEX 200 l l l
THOROSEAL
FX100 l l l l l l
THOROSEAL
WR l l l l
1380 l l
Podium deck CONIROOF
SYSTEMS
Hand applied Spray applied
1. Screed to falls Optional
2. Preparation coat/primer MASTERTOP
primers and preparation coats as recommended by BASF

3. Waterproof membrane
system
CONIROOF
2110, CONIROOF
2111, CONIROOF
2113 CONIROOF
2150
4. Drainage layer with
geotextile fabric
CONIDRAIN
drainage board
5. Paved surfacing sharp
sand bedding
Brick pavior/green roof
Ireland
Apartments Georges Quay, Cork
Parchment Square, Cork
Royal Irish Yacht Club, Dun Laoghaire
Shopping Centre, Dundrum
Stuart Milne Homes upmarket 20 million development is positioned within
a spectacularly landscaped location in a conservation area in Aberdeens
attractive West End, on the former site of Robert Gordon Universitys
Kepplestone campus. It offers a selection of 52 executive apartments as well
as three-storey townhouses and large luxury villas within walking distance of
Aberdeens vibrant city centre, combining the convenience of a central location
with exceptionally attractive surroundings. Parking at the development includes
both underground and external facilities: with most car parking spaces being
underground, over 60% of the development is either public landscaping or
garden space.
The Challenge
The site offered the opportunity to insert a modern residential development
into a traditional part of Aberdeen, as well as to adjust ground levels for the
incorporation of underground car parking and the provision of a high proportion
of open green space. The site was particularly sensitive from a political and
planning perspective. It was also constrained by the physical characteristics
and issues including access and road capacity, the topography, the number
of mature trees on the site, a listed building on site, a District Wildlife site,
proximity to a Conservation Area and removal of playing fields.
As the architects design required the installation of a podium deck to create
the underground parking space without impacting on the open, green nature of
the site, it was important that the podium deck waterproofing system specified
could withstand both hard and soft landscaping, to include planted bamboo.
The Solution
BASF Construction Chemicals CONIROOF
2111 system was specified to

waterproof the podium deck, a key factor being its root resistance. BBA tests
carried out to DIN 4062 : 1978 indicate that the membrane is root resistant in
accordance with the DIN standard. BBA certification also states that when
buried the membrane should last the lifetime of the structure.
This project was the first large-scale podium deck contract in Scotland for
BASF Construction Chemicals, and the companys podium deck system
was selected for being best in terms of performance, value and service in
comparison with other competitors.
Application
Around 5000m of CONIROOF
2111 was spray applied to the podium deck.

MASTERTOP
Primer P617 was first applied, followed by CONIPUR
M810
membrane without topcoat.
Featured Project: Kepplestone Development,
Aberdeen, Scotland
47 Podium Decks 46 For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk
References:
United Kingdom
Kings Cross Station, London
Imperial Wharf, London
Berry Bros Wine Merchants, London
Balconies, outside terraces and
communal walkways are usually
constructed from concrete with
asphalt as the waterproof wearing
course. Without protection these
substrates will inevitably crack over
time. This can lead to water ingress,
resulting in leaks into properties
below, frost damage and corrosion
of steel reinforcement, in turn
causing spalling of the substrate and
ultimately structural failure.
From a safety perspective, standing
water on walkways can potentially
be hazardous for inhabitants,
however, it can also cause the less
obvious problem of capillary action.
Walls resting on exposed horizontal
portions of an envelope, such as
balcony decks and walkways, can
be affected not only by evident
structural defects but also by the
wicking effect of capillary action.
Care must be taken to ensure that the
buildings design prevents this natural
movement which can carry water
into the underside of design details
such as joints, particularly under wind
loading during heavy rainstorms.
has developed a range of balcony
systems, specifically designed to
protect balconies against these
elements, that are both functional
and decorative.
The MASTERTOP

Watertight Solution
The effect of weather must be taken
into account both at the design stage
of the structure and when selecting
the balcony protection system.
Criteria must include a waterproof,
UV stable anti-slip finish to the
surface of the balcony; this provides
protection to the substrate and a safe
environment for pedestrians.
Where cracks are present, then an
effective crack bridging solution is a
must; this is achieved by incorporating
our tried and tested CONIPUR

hand or spray applied membranes
into the system. Within the range of
MASTERTOP
balcony systems we
have a number of options available to
achieve the optimum solution.
Key advantages with MASTERTOP

balcony systems are ease of
application and short drying times.
Most balcony systems can be walked
on after only a few hours and systems
are available that can be trafficked
after only one hour so that disruption
is kept to a minimum.
PCI Tiling Solutions
Tiling solutions from BASF
Construction Chemicals PCI brand
open up the design possibilities of
ceramic and natural stone surfaces
for balconies. Specified in conjunction
with a suitable substrate, our advanced
range of waterproofing systems, joint
sealants, tile grouts and adhesives
recommended for external use on
balconies can be combined to create a
durable, attractive tiled surface.
Remedial Treatments
Where water ingress has already
become an issue, restoring the
building envelope through remedial
waterproofing will prevent further
damage to properties and extend the
life of the building as a whole. Our
extensive range of concrete repair
materials are EN-1504 compliant,
making it especially suitable for
publicly funded projects.
Balconies, Walkways and Terraces
48 For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk 49 Balconies, Walkways and Terraces
1. MASTERTOP
Balcony Systems.
2. EMACO
NANOCRETE structural repair mortars,

suitable for profiles and corners.
3. MASTERFLEX
Polyurethane elastomeric joint sealants.

4. THORO
DRYJOINT pointing mortar for bricks, stone and concrete.

5. EMACO
Fast rapid setting repair mortars suitable for use on

pedestrian walkway environments.
6. MASTERSEAL
anti-carbonation coatings.
7. MASTERSEAL
clear penetrating water repellent coatings.

Spalled/cracked
concrete
Overhead repairs
Corner repairs
Vertical repairs
Protective
aesthetic finish
Top coat
Wear coat
Membrane
Waterproof joint
Protected with spray/brush
applied membrane
2
4
3
5
6
1
2
7
Material
category
Products Application Properties
L
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Sprayed Concrete SHOTPATCH
12 l l l l l l
Polymer-modied
EMACO
Nanocrete R2 l l l l l l l l
EMACO
Nanocrete R3 l l l l l l l
EMACO
Nanocrete R4 l l l l l l l l l
THORO

STRUCTURITE R4
l l l l l l l l
THORO
WATERPLUG l l l l l l l l l l
THORO
DRYJOINT l l l l l l l
FLEXIJOINT l l l l l
Waterproong
MASTERTOP
SBR 570 l l l l
Acrylic polymer
liquid additive
THORO
ACRYL 60 l l l
Polyurethane resin joint
sealants
MASTERFLEX
474 l
MASTERFLEX
462 TF l
Polymer-modied
coatings and
membranes
THOROSEAL
FX100 l l l l l l l l l l
THOROSEAL
WR l l l
THORO
FLEX 200 l l l
Flexible sheet
membrane
MASTERSEAL
456 l l l l l l
Silane treatments
PROTECTOSIL
CIT l l l l l l l l l
MASTERSEAL
303 l l l l l l l l l
MASTERSEAL
321B l l l l l l l l l
Protective anti-
carbonation coatings
MASTERSEAL
F1120 l l l l l l l l
MASTERSEAL
F1131 l l l l l l l l
Asia Pacific
Hyatt Hotel, Australia
Marina Pinnacle, Dubai
Maroubra Bay Hotel, Australia
Rotterdam is the second-largest city
in the Netherlands and its Pendrecht
area, developed during post-war
reconstruction in the fifties, is
renowned for its town planning and
green spaces. The small-scale nature
of its architecture makes it popular
with both the elderly and families.
Housing trust De Nieuwe Unie
owns around 3,000 homes in the
district and embarked on a major
refurbishment programme to renovate
its housing stock. BASF Construction
Chemicals systems were specified
on two of its apartment complexes
where a number of walkways needed
refurbishment.
The existing apartment walkways
were covered with tiles, only some
of which were coated. The client
decided to lay a new flooring
surface on top of these tiles, using a
MASTERTOP
balcony system
build-up. The system comprised of
a thick, crack-bridging waterproof
membrane layer, followed by a
low-profile, fine-grained wear coat.
The fine gravel surface was not
coated, allowing the rainwater to run
off the walkways by means of the
membrane.
The client, like the occupants, is very
satisfied with the modern, aesthetic
finish on the walkways, which has the
advantage for the housing trust of
requiring little maintenance thanks to
its durability.
Featured Project: Apartment Walkways
Pendrecht, Rotterdam, Netherlands
51 Balconies, Walkways and Terraces 50 For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk
References:
United Kingdom
Hackney Homes
New River Head Apartments
Spectators Area, Gatwick Airport
Europe
Amena Building, Spain
Apartment Postelse Hoeflaan,
Netherlands
De Slinge Apartment Complex,
Netherlands
Senior house, Czech Republic
System (Mastertop) System 1 System 2 System 3 System 4 System 5 System 6 System 7
Application
Rapid Curing l l l l l l
Elastomeric l l l l
Spray or Hand Applied Membrane l l l l
Hand Applied Membrane l
Flexible l l
Decorative Finish l l
Extremely Decorative Quartz Finish l l l
Extremely Decorative Flake Finish l l
Large Range of Colours l l l l l l l
Seamless l l l l l l l
Watertight l l l l l l l
Anti-Slip l l l l l l l
UV and Weather Resistant l l l l l l l
Tiling
material
category
L
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v
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g

C
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a
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s

N
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s
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Waterproong systems
PCI Seccoral
2K + PCI Pecitape l l l l l l
PCI Pecilastic
WS + PCI Pecitape l l l l l l l
Silicone joint sealants
PCI Carraferm
l
PCI Silcoferm
S l l l
Tile adhesives
PCI Tilefast
6 Rapidex l l
PCI Nanolight
l l
PCI Nanolight
Rapid l l l
Medium-bed tile adhesive PCI Carrament
l l l
Pourable thick-bed tile adhesive PCI Floorfast
20 Rapid l l l l
Tile Grouts
PCI Durafug
NT l
PCI Fast Track
l l
PCI Carrafug
l
53 Balconies, Walkways and Terraces 52 For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk
For more information on System build ups contact BASFs Technical Department.
Top Coat
Wear Coat
Membrane
Void Filling
Primer (Optional)
Primer
Clear
Sealer
Coat
Clear
Sealer Coat
Wear Coat
Membrane
Void Filling
Primer
Primer
Clear
Sealer Coat
Wear Coat
Membrane
Void Filling
Primer
(Optional)
Primer
Design Watchpoint
For new-build balconies (designed
and built for their intended purpose
rather than as an addition to an
existing construction such as a
garage roof), the ideal surface
to receive tiles is a sand/cement
screed or a concrete substrate.
Falls (drainage channels) should be
formed in the substrate to ensure
that ponding of water does not occur.
These falls should never be formed in
the adhesive layer, but always at the
design stage in the substrate.
Exposed Concrete
Untreated concrete is vulnerable
to the damaging ingress of carbon
dioxide, chlorides and water, which
can lead to structural damage and
safety issues. BASF Construction
Chemicals MASTERSEAL
range
of anti-carbonation coatings can
address these problems and give
long-term structural protection from
environmental damage.
In addition, our PROTECTOSIL
CIT
advanced corrosion inhibitor can be
applied to decrease the corrosion
process. This organofunctional
molecule penetrates concrete and
inhibits the electrochemical reaction
process between the reinforcement
and any chloride ions, oxygen and
moisture present.
Bridges
54 For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk 55 Bridges
Column
repair
Transparent
protective coat
Cathodic
protection
Concrete Repair
It is essential that concrete repair
materials are compatible with the
host concrete. BASF Construction
Chemicals EMACO
Nanocrete range
of flowable, hand and spray applied
mortars are fully compliant with BS
EN1504 Part 3, which is mandatory
for all publicly funded concrete
repair projects.
Bridges are constantly under stress
as water, chlorides, acid rain, de-
icing salts and freeze-thaw cycles
act on them. Seasonal and day
cycle extremes of temperature, the
impact of traffic and vibration place
bridges under further stress. As steel
reinforcing bars corrode and expand,
concrete can crack and deteriorate.
The costly disruption caused by
resulting repair work impacts on both
traffic and safety.
Bridge repairs can often amount to
10-30% of the updated construction
cost, and large repairs may even
exceed the updated construction
cost and still be the preferred option
when compared to the cost of
traffic interruption and demolition.
As moisture is the most significant
factor in concrete deterioration,
incorporating sufficient waterproofing
at the design stage is by far the most
cost-effective option.
Frost Damage
Where frost damage caused by the
freeze-thaw cycle occurs, it is often
the result of incorrect air content and
pore structure of the concrete and
so can be minimised through the
use of admixtures. BASF admixtures
designed to enhance the performance
of concrete and limit the impact
of the freeze-thaw cycle include:
MICRO-AIR
air-entrainers to create
ultra-stable bubbles, GLENIUM

superplasticisers to reduce the
water-cement ratio, and RheoFIT

water-resisting admixtures which also
prevent the ingress of chlorides.
Crack Injection
Cracked concrete creates ideal
conditions for deterioration as it
allows the ingress of moisture or
dry air. The likely degree of rust
development depends on the kind
of crack: macro-cracks can develop
from micro-cracks and by allowing
moisture ingress they encourage the
possibility of alkali-silica reaction and
frost damage. Designed for pressure
injection grouting, low viscosity epoxy
resin CONCRESIVE
1380 can be
used to structurally re-bond cracked
concrete sections and offers excellent
penetration of fine fissures it can
also be used as an impregnating
flood coat to improve the soundness
of friable screeds.
Anchoring and grouting of metal rail
and base plates
Asphalt road surface
Concrete
Mondorf, Paul E, Concrete Bridges, Taylor & Francis 2006
1. EMACO
CP 60 ANODE high-performance spray-applied anode for

cathodic protection.
2. EMACO
NANOCRETE BS EN1504 - compliant repair mortars.

3. MASTERSEAL
303 and PROTECTOSIL
CIT Highways Agency

approved silanes to BD43/03.
1
3
2
11 6 5 8 4 7 9 10
Material
category
Spalling
over
large
areas
Cover
(mm)
Spalling
over
small
areas
Cover
(mm)
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Concrete, sprayed
concrete, cement-sand
mortars
SHOTPATCH
12 l l l l l l
Polymer-modied
EMACO
EMACO
EMACO
Nanocrete R4 l l l l l l l l l l l l l
EMACO

Nanocrete R4 Fluid
l l l l l l l l l
EMACO
FAST
Fluid/Fibre/Tixo
l l l l l l l l l
THORO
STRUCTURITE R4
THORO
WATERPLUG l l l l l
THORO
DRYJOINT l l
FLEXIJOINT l l l
Admixtures
GLENIUM
l l l
RHEOFIT
790 Series l l
RHECRETE
222+ l l
Anti-washout admixture RHEOMAC
UW450 l l
Waterproong admixture
and slurry
MASTERTOP
SBR 570 l l l l
Acrylic polymer liquid
additive
THORO
ACRYL 60 l l
Polyurethane resin
joint sealants
MASTERFLEX
474 l l
MASTERFLEX
462 TF l l
1380 l l l l
slurry
THOROSEAL
501 l l l
Coatings and
membranes
THORO
FLEX 200 l l l
THOROSEAL
FX 100 l l l l l l
THOROSEAL
WR l l l l
MASTERSEAL
345 l l l l
Silane treatments
PROTECTOSIL
CIT l l l l
MASTERSEAL
303 l l l l
High performance anode EMACO
CP 60 ANODE l l l l
Featured Project:
River Derwent Bridge, Derby, UK
57 Bridges 56 For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk
References:
United Kingdom
River Derwent Bridge
R111 Midland Links
Europe
Apollo Bridge, Bratislava, Slovakia
North America
Hardy Toll Road Bridge, Texas, USA
Triboro Bridge, New York, USA
South America
Alencastro Bridge, Brazil
Salto Grande Bridge, Brazil
Middle East
Manifa Port Causeway, Saudi Arabia
The Highways Agencys River Derwent Bridge is a major
road bridge carrying the A38 over the river in Derby. A
three-span reinforced concrete structure, its central deck
is supported at half joints by deck sections cantilevered
from its piers.
The Challenge
High levels of chloride contamination had occurred,
caused by leaking water from the deck drainage which had
travelled over the half joints, along the cantilevered soffits
and down the deck piers. As a result of the ingress of
chloride-contaminated water, the severely deteriorated
structure was suffering from corroded reinforcement and
spalling concrete, particularly at the half joints and
cantilever soffits. The bridge required large-scale
structural concrete repairs, complicated by difficult site
access.
The Solution
A cathodic protection system was developed using BASFs
new EMACO
CP 60 Anode mortar, its first installation

onto a bridge. The system used a low current through the
bridge reinforcement to create a cathode and the EMACO

CP 60 cementitious overlay, which contains nickel fibres,
was applied at a thickness of 10mm as the anode.
Titanium strips served as the distribution network for a
current of less than 20 milliamps delivered from a
streetlighting electrical feeder pillar. The reversal of the
electrical cell protected the reinforcement at the joints
and soffits from further corrosion.
BASF was able to offer a complete package of repair
solutions in addition to EMACO
CP 60 ANODE:
SHOTPATCH
12, EMACO
S103 and NANOCRETE
R4
mortars were also supplied. A team approach giving
support from the companys Technical, Sales and
Customer Services departments ensured that materials
were both delivered and applied on schedule to the
satisfaction of all parties. Success on the project has since
lead to BASF supplying several other prestigious Highways
Agency projects.
Inadequate roofing affects a structures functionality,
its maintenance and whole-life costs, with far-reaching
implications for buildings insurance. A durable roof
waterproofing system that is resistant to changes in
temperature and environmental factors, such as pollution and
acid rain, is therefore a vital part of the building envelope.
BASF Construction Chemicals provides tailor-made solutions
for flat and pitched roofs with its versatile CONIROOF

waterproofing membrane systems, which use advanced
polyurethane technology to create impervious, monolithic
membranes suitable for all major roof types and designs.
CONIROOF
systems are multi-layered, comprising substrate

sealers, primers, waterproofing membranes and protective
top coats. The systems are cold applied to avoid the odour
and fire risk of hot works. Custom-designed spray equipment
ensures consistently high-quality membrane production and
quick, uniform application. Fast curing within a few minutes
speeds up installation: up to 1,000m can be placed in a
single eight hour shift.
Exceptional physical properties, versatility, performance and
speed of installation are combined with the reassurance of
BBA and EOTA approval.
New Build
Applied to new roofs, CONIROOF
membranes are
waterproof and weathertight in the harshest conditions and
can accept typical substrate movement without damage,
preventing water ingress. CONIROOF
systems are suited to

a variety of surfaces from dense concrete decks to plywood
and lightweight metal panels, with different polyurethane
and epoxy preparation coats and primers, for each type
of substrate, optimising performance. This allows the
membrane to resist wind suction, elevated temperature,
thermal shock and minor structural movement.
Refurbishment
CONIROOF
systems can be installed on most substrates,

including old concrete, built-up felt, asphalt and timber
substrates. They are also suitable for failed single-ply
sheet, providing that the surface can be properly prepared
to allow maximum adhesion. The membranes are crack
bridging so existing minor cracks can be simply over-
coated.
BASF can supply advice on preparation and application
to specific substrates and will work closely with you to
produce the best specification for your requirements.
Green Roofs
CONIROOF
systems have built-in root resistance to

conform to DIN 4062, eliminating the need for separate
root barriers. As systems are fully bonded to the substrate,
water cannot flow under the membrane coating, thus
avoiding damage to the roof structure and building interior
below. CONIROOF
systems will also withstand the loads

imposed by landscaping for an effective, quickly installed
solution for green roofs.
Complex Forms
CONIROOF
systems can be applied to vertical surfaces

including complex details such as penetrations,
ventilators, skylights, air conditioning units and chimneys
etc. Unlike sheet systems, BASFs seamless, monolithic
waterproofing systems avoid weak spots caused by
laps, welds or seams, providing greater durability and
protection.
Roofing - includes Green, Cold,
Warm and Inverted Roofs
Roong - includes Green, Cold,
1. CONIROOF
waterproofing solution: select from spray and

hand-applied systems.
2. MASTERTOP
primers and preparation coats as recommended by

BASF Construction Chemicals.
3. Consult BASF Construction Chemicals for advice on the most
appropriate vapour control layer.
4. Insulation options: CONIROLL
, C PER
or CONITHERM
,
bonded in cold adhesive or mechanically fixed.
5. CONIROOF
waterproofing membrane.
6. CONIROOF
top coat.
7. THORO
WATERPACK hydro-swelling elastic compound to

seal penetrations.
Insulation options
Vapour control layer
Roof deck
Complex/vertical details
2
7
4
3
5
6
1
Material
category
Spalling
over
large
areas
Cover
(mm)
Spalling
over
small
areas
Cover
(mm)
C
r
a
c
k
s
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a
lin
g
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a
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r
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p
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ir
B
o
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d
in
g
a
id
s
J
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t
s
e
a
lin
g
J
o
in
t
w
a
t
e
r
p
r
o
o
n
g
W
a
t
e
r
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r
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o
n
g
/
p
r
o
t
e
c
t
io
n
V
e
r
t
ic
a
l a
n
d
h
o
r
iz
o
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t
a
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e
p
a
ir
s
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o
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n
e
r
s
a
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d
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le
s
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in
g
b
o
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s
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t
s
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e
r
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t
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r
s
io
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a
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io
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s
P
r
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t
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io
n
a
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t
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o
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io
n
C
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e
s
p
r
a
y
a
p
p
lie
d
<
2
5
1
0
-
2
5
5
-
1
0
<
2
5
1
0
-
2
5
5
-
1
0
12 l l l l l
Polymer-modied
EMACO
EMACO
EMACO
EMACO

Nanocrete R4 Fluid
l l l l l l l l
EMACO

l l l l l l l
THORO
STRUCTURITE R4
l l l l l l l l l l
THORO
DRYJOINT l l
Hydro-swelling
elastic compound
THORO
WATERPACK l l
FLEXIJOINT l l l
Waterproong
MASTERTOP
SBR 570 l l l l
Acrylic polymer
liquid additive
THORO
ACRYL 60 l l
Polyurethane resin
joint sealants
MASTERFLEX
474 l l
MASTERFLEX
462 TH l l
Polymer-modied
coatings and
membranes
THORO
FLEX 200 l l l
THOROSEAL
FX100 l l l l l
THOROSEAL
WR l l l l
Type of roof CONIROOF
SYSTEMS
Hand applied Spray applied
2150 ETA 2160 BBA 2110 BBA 2111 2102 BBA 2103 ETA
Flat/pitched l l l l l l
Warm/insulated l l l
Inverted l l l
Overlay l l l
Green l l l
Africa
Sofitel El Gezirah Hotel, Egypt
Asia Pacific
Hong Kong City Office Towers, China
Grand Lisaboa Hotel, Macau, China
Vivocity Shopping Mall, Singapore
The flat roof at the new 154-bed, 4-star Cork Airport Hotel
in Ireland needed a waterproof membrane that could
accommodate a range of unusual shapes and penetrations.
As the roof could be accessed by hotel guests from the
upstairs lobby area, the surface also had to provide a safe
and durable surface for foot traffic. The solution selected
for this project was the CONIDECK
inverted system,
which could be combined with hard paving.
The Challenge
Other trades were dependent on completion of the roof
membrane to begin work, so fast application and curing
were important. Unusual shapes and roof openings were
to be integrated into the waterproof seal effectively and
reliably, without additional work or prefabricated parts,
and a seamless surface compatible with hard landscaping
was required.
The Solution
The specification proposed the use of CONIROOF
2110
inverted system with CONIDRAIN
insulation (extruded
polystyrene) and paving on top. This system has a BBA
Certificate no. 99/3660. Advantages of the system
included fast-track curing (30 seconds), easy spray
application, root resistance and the integration of awkward
shapes and roof openings without any joints. Other
important properties included crack bridging, UV and
weather resistance and BBA-certification. The contractor
had 12 years of experience of the system.
This system was selected primarily for its speed of
installation: in this case the waterproofing membrane was
installed in just four days within a two week period during
poor weather conditions. Other trades were able to
commence as soon as 2mm of membrane were in place,
allowing them to begin working in dry conditions. The
client was very pleased with the results and proposed to
use CONIDECK
in all future projects of a similar nature.

Featured Project: Cork Airport Hotel, Ireland
61
Roong - includes Green, Cold,
United Kingdom
Kings Cross Station Redevelopment, London
Europe
Bakeries Blansko a.s, Czechoslovakia
College Refectory, Karlsruhe, Germany
Cultural Centre, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
InfraServ GmbH & Co., Germany
Ravensburger AG, Germany
Terminal Building, Tenerife Airport
Military Shelter, Sierra Nevada, Spain
63 Innovating for the Future 62 For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk
Driven by dynamic innovation, BASF
is fully committed to being a reliable
partner that helps shape the future.
To deliver on this promise, we have
adopted a binding value system that
forms the basis for our actions as
a company and as individuals. Six
core values describe our philosophy
and the way in which we want to
achieve our goals: sustainable
profitable performance, innovation
for the success of our customers,
safety, health and environmental
protection, personal and professional
competence, mutual respect and
open dialogue, and integrity.
Recognised for Sustainability
BASF has gained public recognition
for its sustainability and transparency
its shares have been included in the
Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI
World), the worlds most important
sustainability index, for the seventh
year in succession. The companies
included in the DJSI World are picked
from the 2,500 members of the
Dow Jones Global Index: only the
top 10 percent in each industry are
selected. BASF has been included in
the Global 100 list compiled by the
New York research house Innovest
for the third year running, identifying
it as one of the worlds most
successful companies in the areas
of environmental protection, social
affairs and corporate governance.
BASF Construction Chemicals (UK)
was awarded the title of Sustainability
Champion 2008 by the British Precast
Concrete Federation after showing
that the use of the companys
products can save three times
more greenhouse gas emissions
than the entire amount caused
by their production and disposal.
The award submission from the
Admixtures division also highlighted
the companys progress in the field of
concrete.
Innovating for the Future
Research and Development
BASF Construction Chemicals is
committed to engineering quality
solutions to drive the construction
industry forward. Through constant
research and development into
new products, systems, application
methods and equipment, we add value.
Continuous innovation is the key to
our success. Our objective is clear: to
engineer materials to match the needs
of the end user. From the molecular
level to the finished system, enhancing
the performance of construction
materials for our customers is at the
heart of whatever we do.
In the precast concrete sector, BASFs
Zero Energy System (ZES) concept
has transformed production into
a much more sustainable process
through Zero Energy Concrete self-
placing and compacting concrete
which can fill even complex, heavily
reinforced sections from one delivery
location. In the manufactured
concrete products (MCP) industry,
the BASF FIT 4 VALUE concept
assists process optimisation and the
enhancement of product performance
through RheoFIT
admixtures that
optimise the mix design, cycle time,
appearance and durability of MCPs.
Reducing Carbon Emissions
BASF was honoured as Best in Class in
its approach to addressing the
challenges of climate change by the
Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP), and
has been included in the Climate
Leadership Index. The CDP is an
initiative of 225 institutional investors
which supports the disclosure of
greenhouse gas emissions by
companies. Every year it selects 50
FT500 companies that are leaders in the
management of the opportunities and
risks of climate change.
Committed to UK Initiatives
BASF Construction Chemicals is a
member of the UK Green Building
Council (UK-GBC), which campaigns
for a sustainable built environment,
and we support its belief that the
challenge of sustainability is an
opportunity, not a threat. The UK-GBC
is part of the World Green Building
Council federation, membership of
which is growing as new national
green building councils are
established across the globe.
As a leading raw material supplier to
the construction industry, BASF is a
key contributor to the Creative Energy
Homes Project at the University of
Nottinghams School of the Built
Environment. BASF, helped by its
customers and partners, has built
the BASF House at the university to
demonstrate how its systems can be
used to create an energy-efficient
affordable home. Both the Admixture
and Building Systems divisions
of BASF Construction Chemicals
assisted in the creation of the eco-
friendly dwelling.
Table 1 Degree of aggression
None Weak Fair Strong Very strong
PH > 6.5 5.5 6.5 4.5 5.5 4.0 4.5 < 4.0
Free CO2 (mg/l) < 15 15 30 30 60 60 100 > 100
Ammonium (mg/l) < 15 15 30 30 60 60 100 > 100
Sulphates (mg/l) < 200 200 600 600 3000 3000 6000 > 6000
Magnesium (mg/l) < 100 100 300 300 1500 1500 3000 > 3000
Applications
G
L
E
N
I
U
M
M
A
S
T
E
R
K
U
R
E
M
I
C
R
O
-
A
I
R
R
h
e
o
-
F
I
T
R
H
E
O
F
I
N
I
S
H
R
H
E
O
F
I
B
R
E
R
H
E
O
M
A
T
R
I
X
C
O
R
R
O
S
I
O
N

I
N
H
I
B
I
T
O
R
S
Reservoirs l l l l l l l l
Dams l l l l l l l l
Waterways l l l l l l l l
Swimming Pools/
Wet Rooms etc.
l l l l l l l l
Basements/Vaults l l l l l l l
Car parks:
Exposed Decks
l l l l l l l l
Car parks:
Multi-storey
l l l l l l l l
Car parks:
Underground
l l l l l l l l
Dirty Water l l l l l l l
Potable Water l l l l l l l
Marine Structures l l l l l l l l
Defence Structures l l l l l l l l
Bunds l l l l l l l l
Roong l l l l l l l l
Podium Decks l l l l l l l l
Balconies l l l l l l l l
Footbridges l l l l l l l l
Stadia l l l l l l l l
Bridge Decks l l l l l l l l
Roller Compacted
Concrete
l l l
Bridge Abutments l l l l l l l l
Cooling Towers l l l l l l l
Diaphragm Walls l l l l l l l
Retaining Walls l l l l l l l
Foundations l l l l l
External Faades l l l l l l l l
Storm Tanks l l l l l l l l
Sustainable Under-
ground Drainage
Systems (SUDS)
l l
Water quality will have a significant effect on the rate at
which cement-based materials deteriorate. Medium to soft
water, water containing acids, magnesium, free carbon
dioxide, ammonium and sulphate salts will be
more aggressive.
The degree of aggression has been classified and
quantified by the European Cement Association
(Cem-Bureau).
Table 1 is a guide only to the elements which affect
water quality and does not take into consideration the
influence that hardness in combination with total alkalinity,
pH and temperature has on the waters ability to attack
cementitious materials. It is possible to have, for example,
a swimming pool with water at pH of 7+ which could be
considered to be non-aggressive but which, because of
the high temperature and low hardness, is consequently
very aggressive.
BASF Construction Chemicals is prepared to
advise on water quality when provided with the
following information:
Static or replenished water
pH reading
Temperature
Hardness
Alkalinity
Chemical analysis
The degradation of cementitious
material by aggressive water
Definitions
pH Is a measure of the acidity of alkalinity of water
Alkalinity Represents the amount of bicarbonates,
carbonates, hydroxides present in the water.
It is a measure of the buffering capacity of
the water i.e. its degree of resistance to the
change in pH.
Hardness Is a term used to describe the reaction
between soap and water. Natural mineral salts
dissolved in water reduce the ease at which
soap lathers. Hardness is usually measured
as calcium carbonate content.
BASF Admixture Systems UK is part of BASFs Construction Chemicals business and is the leading admixture supplier,
delivering continuous innovation and added value solutions. Our market-segmented structure means that you can rely
on the proximity of a regional company with the backing of a global group. With the broadest range of technologically
advanced chemical admixtures and the best technical back up, we are the international market leader, ideally placed to
advise on solutions for high performance concrete with integral waterproofing. The table below provides a snapshot of
systems that assist performance in different applications.
Admixtures and Ancillary Products
65
Prestigious new-build and refurbishment projects rely on materials from BASF Construction Chemicals Construction
Products division for performance and durability. Our tailor-made solutions present systems that improve, preserve or
repair, helping structures to stand the test of time. From composite strengthening systems and cathodic protection to
sealants, coatings, concrete repair materials and grouts BASFs innovative construction systems extend the service
life of structures, adding value through whole-life cost savings. The table below outlines which of our brands can assist
performance in different waterproofing applications.
Application
C
O
N
ID
E
C
K
C
O
N
IR
O
O
F
E
M
A
C
O
N
A
N
O
C
R
E
T
E
T
H
O
R
O
M
A
S
T
E
R
F
L
E
X
M
A
S
T
E
R
S
E
A
L
M
A
S
T
E
R
S
E
A
L
9
0
0
M
A
S
T
E
R
T
O
P
M
B
r
a
c
e
P
C
I
U
C
R
E
T
E
Reservoirs l l l l l l
Dams l l l l l l
Waterways l l l l l l
Swimming Pools/Wet Rooms etc. l l
Basements/Vaults l l l l l l
Car parks: Exposed Decks l l l l l
Car parks: Multi-storey l l l l l l
Car parks: Underground l l l l l l l
Wastewater l l l l l
Potable Water l l l
Marine Structures l l l l l l
Bunds l l l l l l l
Roong l l l l l
Podium Decks l l l l l
Balconies l l l l l l
Footbridges l l l l l l l
Stadia l l l l l l l l l
Bridge Decks l l l l
Bridge Abutments l l l l
Cooling Towers l l l l l
Diaphragm Walls l l l l l
Retaining Walls l l l l l l
Foundations l l
External faades l l l l l
Storm Tanks l l l l l
Sustainable Underground Drainage Systems (SUDS) l l l
Above-grade waterproofing
Prevention of water ingress into exposed structural
elements using materials not subject to hydrostatic
pressure but exposed to weathering and pollutants.
Admixtures
Materials added to the concrete mix to enhance/improve
its performance.
Below-grade waterproofing
Prevention of water ingress using materials that withstand
hydrostatic pressure, not exposed to weathering.
Capillary admixtures
Admixtures that react with concrete or masonry to form
microscopic crystalline growth in the capillaries resulting
from hydration this fills the capillaries to prevent further
capillary action.
Capillary action
A wick-like migration of water created by surface tension
or molecular attraction.
Construction joint
A stopping place in the process of construction.
Contraction joint (also Control joint)
A joint placed to control random cracking.
Damp proofing
Systems resistant to dampness or the effects of
dampness, acting as a back-up to primary
waterproofing materials.
Expansion joint (also Isolation joint)
Used to relieve flexural stresses caused by vertical
movement of slab-on-grade applications that adjoin fixed
foundation elements such as columns, building
or machinery foundations.
Glossary
Freeze-thaw cycle
The process of water freezing then thawing, related to
building components.
Hydrostatic pressure
Pressure exerted by a fluid due to the force of gravity.
Hydrostatic pressure increases in proportion to depth
measured from the surface because of the increasing
weight of fluid exerting downward force.
Membrane
A flexible/elastomeric waterproofing material applied to a
building envelope.
Negative waterproofing system
A below-grade system applied to the interior (negative)
side of a structure, away from direct exposure to
groundwater.
Positive waterproofing system
A system applied to the substrate side with direct
exposure to water or a hydrostatic head.
Seepage
In soil engineering, movement of water in soils, often a
critical problem in building foundations.
Waterbar/Waterstop
A continuous strip of waterproof material placed at
concrete joints designed to control cracking and limit
moisture penetration.
Weep hole
A hole in a sill, retaining wall, or similar for draining off
accumulated moisture, as from condensation or seepage.
Construction Products

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Whatever your construction problem, whatever the structure is you are

building, BASF Construction Chemicals has an intelligent solution to help

- Concrete Repair Systems

- Composite Strengthening Systems

- Precision and Structural Grouts

- Coatings and Waterproofing

- Crack Injection Resins

- Hand and Spray applied Waterproof Membrane Systems

- PU Based Roofing Systems

- Decorative and Industrial Flooring Solutions

- Flooring Solutions for Harsh Environments

- Shotcrete and Spraying Equipment

- Tile Fixing, Cement Underlays and Waterproofing Systems

micro-cements represent a technological

grout is stable and consists

4 For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk 5

carbon and aramid fibre wraps,

also offers the highly

Cementitious Coatings and Renders

900 reinjectable hose system for

6 7 For further information visit www.basf-waterproong.co.uk

345 closes and

345 spray-applied waterproofing membrane.

injection resins for waterproofing.

900 re-injectable hose system for construction joints.

610 Hydro-swelling waterbar 1 6.12 610 220 l l l l l

900 Advanced injection hose system Dependent on injection material l l l l l

systems are equally

permeability reducing liquid ingredient, and

799 is a powdered One Bag

900 re-injectable hose system for

NANOCRETE structural repair mortars, suitable for profiles and corners.

admixtures for durable waterproof concrete in basement applications.

SUPER WHITE (1st COAT) waterproof coating for spray/brush application to

SUPER GREY (2nd COAT) waterproof coating for spray/brush application to

Macromix, renovation plaster to reduce surface condensation.

waterproofing system be applied to the walls

Waterplug fillet was

modified with THORO

Acryl 60 were applied to the

on the walls was protected by a sand cement render. The floors

524 cementitious screed.

CP60 system is designed

WATERPACK hydro-swelling, elastic compound, used

WATERPLUG ultra-rapid setting mortar to form a

501 capillary waterproofing surface applied

polymer-modified coatings and membranes.

CP60 spray-applied cementitious conductive anode

cement-based waterproofing render with

Nanocrete concrete repair mortars for corners and

STRUCTURITE DWI approved rapid-setting, high-strength

waterproofing membrane (CONIPUR

TC 458 Pale Green) for the flat roof

M800 for the

spray/hand applied highly elastomeric waterproof

WATERPLUG ultra-rapid setting mortar for crack sealing

Structurite repair mortars,

FX100 elastomeric waterproof coating for concrete/

FLEX 200 dynamic joint waterproofing system approved

DRYJOINT pointing mortar for bricks, stone and concrete.

STRUCTURITE DWI approved rapid-setting, high-strength

900 re-injectable hose waterstop system for

345 spray-applied waterproofing membrane