Al Jaamiu li Ahkaam is Siyaam

Abu Iyaas Mahmood bin Abdul-Lateef bin Mahmood (Uwaydhah)

Fist !dition
All "aise is to Allah (swt) Lod of the wolds# A-$ahman A-$aheem# the %wne of
the &ay of Jud'ment and "ayes and "ea(e ae u"on the Messen'e of Allah who
was sent as a me(y to all mankind) May Allahs "ayes and "ea(e be on him and
on his family and (om"anions)
*his is a book about the laws of fastin' whi(h I ha+e named Al Jaamiu li Ahkaam As
Siyaam (A (om"lete 'uide to the ules of fastin')) It has been witten as a follow u"
to the book Al Jaamiu li Ahkaam As Salaah (A (om"lete 'uide to the ules of
"aye)) I ha+e followed the same methodolo'y in this book) Fom the be'innin' of
Ahkaam at *ahaaah (ules of "uifi(ation) I ha+e followed and s"e(ified an effe(ti+e
model and methodolo'y fo the witin' of Fi,h) *he eade now has at his dis"osal
two (om"lete books of Fi,h e"esentin' a s"e(ifi( model)
*his was my intention when issuin' these two books and I belie+e that they ae
suffi(ient to a(t as a blue"int fo the fu,ahaa (-uists) and mu-tahideen (S(holas) in
thei wok without the need to e."and the e.am"les) I do not (laim that I ha+e
"odu(ed fo the eade a (om"lete seies on Islami( fi,h but I only aimed to "esent
the most (oe(t e.am"le and model fo the "esentation of fi,h) I belie+e these two
books ae suffi(ient to a(hie+e this "u"ose)
*his methodolo'y that I ha+e used to wite fi,h a(hie+es the followin'/
0) *o "esent all of the te.ts fom Al 1uaan Al 2aeem and the As Sunnah Ash
Shaeef whi(h elate to an issue (masala) fom the issues of fi,h) I ha+e
done this without summai3in' the e+iden(es that ae in a((odan(e with the
Juists own +iew and whi(h su""ot his I-tihaad whilst lea+in' out all othe
e+iden(es like a 'eat numbe of s(holas fom the "ast and "esent ha+e
done)
4) *he use of Saheeh and 5asan Ahaadeeth only and lea+in' all othes
(ate'oies) *his in(ludes all weak foms of 5adeeth# and I mean those that
the Muhaddithoon (5adeeth S(holas) ha+e a'eed u"on) *hese hadeeth ae
not allowed to be used by anyone in the dei+in' of Al Ahkaam Ash Shaeea
and not e+en in the meits of a(tions) As fo Ahaadeeth whi(h the
Muhaddithoon ha+e disa'eed u"on in tems of them bein' sound o weak#
then if it was in a'eement with othe sound saheeh and hasan ahaadeeth o
if it was alone in its se(tion then I a((e"ted it) 5owe+e if it (ontadi(ted the
saheeh o hasan hadeeth (in meanin') then it was e-e(ted and left)
6) *o show the o"inions of the Fu,ahaa# Ulamaa and Aimmah in e+ey masala
(issue) of the masaail to the 'eatest e.tent "ossible) *his eni(hes the study
and it dis"lays the sten'th of the e.ta(ted Ahkaam (ules) in (om"aison to
othes) Its (ase is like the natual "eals dis"layed beside those whi(h ae
atifi(ial and manufa(tued and if the natual "eals would ha+e be shown to
"eo"le by themsel+es then the "eo"le would not ha+e been able to sense
thei beauty and e.(ellen(e o a""e(iate thei +alue)
7) *o wok with all the te.ts (e+iden(es) elated to an issue of the issues and not
ne'le(tin' any) *his is be(ause the eality of the 8usoos (te.ts) is that they
ae not (ontadi(toy to ea(h othe in oi'in) *hee has ne+e emanated fom
the 9o"het (saw) ahaadeeth whi(h ae (ontadi(toy e.(e"t and only in the
+ey ae (ase of 8uskh (abo'ation)) As fo what we see of ahaadeeth that
ae (ontadi(toy within most of the fi,hi issues then this 'oes ba(k to the
sanad ((hain) and this e,uies us to look at and e."lain) *he weak foms of
ahaadeeth and by 'eate eason (baab awlaa) the ahaadeeth al mawdooa
(missin' link in sanad:(hain of naation) need to be distan(ed) All the weak
ahaadeeth that ha+e no oi'in to them but ha+e been s"ead in the books of
fi,h# Usool ul Fi,h need to be se"aated fom those whi(h ae sound i)e)
saheeh and hasan)
;) !.aminin' the te.ts and e.ta(tin' the Ahkaam fom them o((us only in
thee ways/ <y bin'in' of the te.ts one with anothe# by e."lainin' one te.t
with anothe te.t# and this is the ston'est method to e.ta(t) % by e."lainin'
a te.t in a((odan(e with knowled'e of the shaeeah o thidly with by
e."lainin' the e+iden(e with fim knowled'e of the Aabi( lan'ua'e whi(h is
distant fom weak and stan'e inte"etations) A te.t is theefoe undestood
by anothe te.t# o by knowled'e of the shaeeah o by submittin' to a fim
knowled'e of lan'ua'e) In elation to the fa off inte"etations# e'etful
e."lanations and the "o(ess of makin' the te.ts a'ee with the o"inion of an
Imaam o madhhab# all of this has to be abandoned fom the study of fi,h so
that fi,h and shaeeah maintains its honou o hi'h status) *his is to "ote(t
them a'ainst any alien o foei'n intusion o westen infiltations as we ha+e
seen in many books of fi,h "ati(ula fom authos in ou "esent time)
=) *he oi'in fo e+ey Muslim is to be esti(ted in his a(tions by the hukm
shai) 5e should (ommit to it with (onfiden(e and (ontentment and not to
take it and a(t a((odin' it if he is doubtful in its (oe(tness) In ode to hel"
the Muslim with this "ea(e of mind in what he is followin' is hukm shai# we
ha+e "o(eeded with this methodolo'y whi(h in(o"oates the Ahkaam with
its e+iden(es# with "oofs of its (oe(tness and likewise "oofs fo the eo in
othe o"inions)
>) *he Sahaabah (ah) used to e(ei+e:undestand the te.ts of al-1uan al-
2aeem and the as-Sunnah an-8abawi in a natual way simila to how we
e(ei+e s"ee(h between and amon'st ousel+es) *his means that by -ust
heain' the ayah o hadeeth they would undestand the desied meanin'
stai'ht fom the Aabi( and sha" intelle(t and as su(h aely disa'eed in
the e.ta(tion of the Ahkaam) *he taabioon and taabi taabioon (fist and
se(ond 'eneations afte the Sahaabah) followed this same methodolo'y and
afte them (ame the "eiod of the Fu,ahaa afte them) At that time the
madhaahib of fi,h (s(hools of thou'ht) wee established and what
a((om"anied that of "atisanshi" and intolean(e) Fi,h be'an to take a new
oientation and "o'essi+ely be(ame distan(ed fom the natual way to ways
that (ould be des(ibed as manufa(tued) *his means that the manufa(tued
means o+e(ame:dominated the Fu,ahaa in thei istinbaat (e.ta(tion)
"o(ess) *his was the same fo e+ey Fa,eeh who followed a Madhhab o
Imaam) 5is effots wee die(ted to 'i+in' +i(toy to his madhhab o Imaam)
*hey be(ame in+ol+ed in foms of debate and ilm ul-2alaam (s(holasti(
debate) and wee affe(ted by it to a lesse o 'eate e.tent) In addition they
"la(ed down diffeent Usooli "in(i"les# in(easin' its s(o"e and (om"li(ity so
fi,h be(ame manufa(tued with nobody undestandin' its "e(ise details
e.(e"t thei es"e(ti+e s"e(ialists) ?ith time the "o(ess of
e(ei+in':undestandin' the te.ts natually sto""ed (om"letely) *he Istinbaat
(e.ta(tion) of Ahkaam be(ame limited to the new beed of fi,h and then e+en
those who "a(ti(ed it de(lined in numbe 'adually until the doos of i-tihaad
wee (losed)
In elation to this I say that the main eason fo the (losin' of the doos of
I-tihaad and the disa""eaan(e of the mu-tahidoon was due to the fa(t that
fi,h be(ame manufa(tued with its "in(i"les and Usool whi(h wee aely
undestood and (om"ehended by those wishin' to lean# let alone the
odinay "eo"le due to its (om"li(ated natue and amifi(ations) *he Ulamaa
of e+ey madhhab "o(eeded to "la(e Usooli "in(i"les (,awaaid usooliya)
s"e(ifi( to his madhhab with all of its ban(hin' and amifi(ations (additional
"oblems:(om"li(ations)) As a esult of the Usooli "in(i"les be(omin' o+e
(om"li(ated# this had amifi(ations on i-tihaad and the esultant Ahkaam# to
the "oint whee a lot of these Ahkaam wee outside of the ealm of
soundness)
So that fi,h etuns to its natual way and away fom these o+e (om"li(ations
and amifi(ations and so that the madhabi diffeen(es ae lessened and what
a((om"anies it of "atisanshi" and in addition to (eate the "ath to in(ease
the numbe of mu-tahidoon# I ha+e (ome u" with this model:methodolo'y
whi(h I belie+e is the most sound fo the witin' of fi,h) Ins"ied by the way
that the Sahaabah (ah) e(ei+ed and undestood fi,h and distan(in' myself
fom the o+e (om"li(ations in undestandin') &ue to this the noble eade will
find that the Usooli "in(i"les aely a""ea in this model and what does
a""ea of it is fee of de"th o (om"li(ation)
*he diffeen(e between the method of the Sahaabah (ah) and those who
(ame afte was that the Sahaabah (ah) use to "la(e the te.t in font of them
elyin' on what (ame to thei minds fom thei undestandin' of the Aabi(
lan'ua'e) In addition to thei knowled'e and e."eien(e of how the te.ts li+ed
in thei suoundin's and (i(umstan(es takin' the te.t with sim"li(ity without
(om"li(ation) As fo those who in+ented the new way of fi,h# they "la(ed the
diffein' Usooli "in(i"les in font of them as thei statin' "oint with all of its
ban(hes# (om"li(atedness and details) *hey then made the "eo"le
subse+ient to these "in(i"les) Fom this many and di+ese meanin's s"un'
out linked to the diffeen(e ban(hes and amifi(ations) *his is whee the
bi''est dis"ute o((ued between them (new fi,h "eo"le) as e+ey one of
them held on ti'htly to a s"e(ifi( meanin':wodin' that he had undestood#
and with the hukm whi(h he had e.ta(ted a((odin' to what he had "ut down
of the detailed "in(i"les s"e(ifi( to him) 5e sto+e to defend it and es"ond it
so as to seek +i(toy fo the madhhab of his Imaam) All of this led to a
situation whee the study of fi,h "odu(ed a lot of +aied and diffeent
Ahkaam) *his in(luded the Saheeh (sound)# &aeef (weak) and Shaadh
(ae:stan'e)) If a eade looks at the +ast ,uantity of o"inions in e+ey sin'le
matte it will 'i+e him a head a(he) If someone would like e.am"les of what I
ha+e stated then let him look u" the fi,hi o"inions in the followin' issues/
?hen is Laylat ul 1ad@# &oes slee" beak the ?udoo@# ?hat is the middle
"aye (salaatul wustaa)@ Aou will find in these issues and othes like them
hu'e and wide diffeen(es es"e(ially in the book Fathul <aai of Ibn 5a-a Al
As,alaani and also in the Shah (e."lanation) Saheeh Muslim by Imaam
8awawi)
B) In elation to 'ettin' id of the manufa(tued method of e.ta(tin' the Ahkaam
Ash Shaeeah and I-tihaad and the etun to the natual method whi(h was
dominant in the fist thee 'eneations# those of the Sahaabah# those who
followed them and those that followed them) *he only way is thou'h the
de+otion:dedi(ation to the te.ts of Allahs (swt) book al-Ma-eed and the noble
ahaadeeth thou'h eadin'# memoisation and e."lanation) *his is a de+otion
and "usuit whi(h is (oe(tly des(ibed as the etenal li+in' of the shaeeah
te.ts whi(h (ontinues yeas afte yeas# until we ha+e a(,uied the ability and
knowled'e whi(h the Sahaabah (ah) of the "o"het of Allah (saw)
"ossessed) *his e,uies a wokin' elationshi" with the shaeeah te.ts in
undestandin'# e.ta(tion and indi(ations in e.a(tly the same way that we
"ossess the ability that we wok with s"ee(h amon'st ousel+es) ?e would
theefoe undestand the te.ts as we undestand ou s"ee(h amon'st
ousel+es and without this methodolo'y the doos of I-tihaad will ne+e be
o"ened) If they wee to be o"ened howe+e then it would not lead to the
(oe(t fom of I-tihaad whi(h "ossesses the ,uality of enduan(e and
(ontinuan(e)
At this "oint I ha+e a +ey im"otant emak to make and that is that the
Mu-tahid (an eithe be a Mu-tahid Mutla, o a Mu-tahid in a Masala as is
known amon'st the fu,ahaa) *hee e.ists a 'eat deal of benefit fo fi,h and
Muslims in both these foms of Mu-tahid) As fo the Mu-tahid in the Madhhab#
who "o(eeds with i-tihaad in a((odan(e to the Usooli "in(i"les whi(h wee
established by thei Imaam@ If this Mu-tahid 'i+es fee ei'n to his mind and
undestandin' in the e.ta(tion of Ahkaam and he doesnt esti(t himself to
what his Imaam ai+ed at then thee is no "oblem in this and the benefit is
like the othe (ate'oies of Mu-tahid) An e.am"le of this is Ibn Mundhi fom
the Shaafeiyah) As fo when this ty"e of Mu-tahid doesnt e.it fom the
I-tihaad of his Imaam and his only aim and 'oal is to 'i+e +i(toy to his Imaam
and madhhab then this fom is a((used of bein' away fom inte'ity and the
tue (onte.t and is in many situations +eiled fom the sound o"inion and
(oe(t 5ukm) At *ahaawiy fom the 5anafiyyah is an e.am"le of this
a""oa(h)
5ee I ha+e anothe im"otant "oint and that is that the Muslims ae in need
of a adi(al thou'ht e+olution away fom imitation in ode to e+i+e and
emo+e fom it its ba(kwadness) Islami( fi,h is in need of this (eati+e non-
imitational e+olution in ode to bin' it ba(k to life) *his e+olution will not
take "la(e howe+e by widenin' the s(o"e of edu(ation in the Islami(
Shaeeah fa(ulties and uni+esities and will ne+e o((u in this way) *his is
as lon' as they (ontinue on thei (uent methodolo'y as they ha+e# in(ludin'
al A3ha Uni+esity# ado"ted the manufa(tued a""oa(h and ha+e stubbonly
lat(hed themsel+es to it) I sent my book ( al Jaamiu li Ahkaam is Salaah) to
Al A3ha and e(ei+ed the es"onse that this book is not a((odin' to ou
methodolo'yCC
*heefoe we do not find a uni+esity o (olle'e of shaeeah that 'aduates
Mu-tahidoon o e+en Fu,ahaa) *hey only 'aduate Mutaallimoon ("eo"le
who ha+e studied) and Mutafa,,ihoon (students of fi,h)) *he diffeen(e
between the Fa,eeh and mutafa,,ih is that the Fa,eeh "ossesses a s"e(ifi(
o"inion of his own in the fi,hi issues wheeas the mutafa,,ih doesnt "ossess
his own o"inion and only "ossesses o"inions fom othe fu,ahaa) If we asked
a ,uestion in a Masala then he would only es"ond by sayin' what the
madhhab of so and so says su(h and su(h in the issue) 5e +ay aely
outwei'hs between two o"inions and e+en if he attem"ts *a-eeh
(outwei'hin') then the o"inion he outwei'hs isnt e+en his own o"inion but an
o"inion of a Fa,eeh fom amon'st the fu,ahaa)
I +iew that the only eal solution is to etun to the way of the Sahaabah (ah)
in the way of takin' in (the te.ts) and dei+in' the ules) *his (ould be if all of
the uni+esities# (olle'es and (entes of shaeeah ado"ted this method and
made all (ui(ulums established on its basis) As lon' as this does not
ha""en then the situation will emain in a i'id and lifeless state)
I wanted to mention these ei'ht main "oints so as to e."lain my model and
define it as well as to elaboate its aim and need) My ho"e is that thee will
aise fom this noble Ummah men who will tead the "ath of this methodolo'y
etunin' to the oi'ins of the Islami( fi,h with its beauty and 'eatness) *hey
will take the new mattes# ealities# a(tions and "oblems and dei+e fo them
the (oe(t Islami( ulin's)
In this book I ha+e stated the numbe of ea(h hadeeth as it has been
established fom its sou(e somethin' whi(h did not o((u in the "e+ious
book des"ite its "e(ision and (om"lete a((ua(y) *his is theefoe an
additional benefit makin' it easie to etun ba(k to any hadeeth whi(h the
eade wishes to +iew its sou(e)
I also (ommitted to i'htin' the name of the "eson whose s"ee(h was
affimed in the book in the intodu(tion of the naatos in the (ase whee
thee wee many naatos) *his is what I made efeen(e to in the
intodu(tion of the book (al Jaamiu li Ahkaam is Salaah)) In this book I ha+e
found it suffi(ient to (ite the established hadeeth numbe as efeen(e e.(e"t
in a few instan(es whee thee was a need to mention a se(onday statement
so I (ited a futhe numbe)
Aou will find at the end of the book a efeen(e of all the sou(es elied u"on
fo this wok) *his in(ludes some infomation so that any e+ision will be moe
effi(ient and that the tuthfulness of the te.ts mentioned (an be +eified) In
most of these sou(es the ahaadeeth ha+e been odeed as a seies of
numbes and in some (ases a((odin' to the sub-e(t matte without (itin' the
numbe seies) So those that ha+e been dealt with a((odin' to the fist
method I ha+e established the seies numbe (a,m mutasalsal) and fo those
of the se(ond method I ha+e (ited the "a'e numbe whee the hadeeth is
lo(ated) Fo e.am"le (4;D:7) means the fouth "at (+olume) "a'e numbe
4;D) 5owe+e in the (ase of Al Mu-am Al 2abee of *abai and Al Musnad of
Abi Aala Al Moosally the fist numbe e"esents the "at (+olume) whilst the
se(ond e"esents the hadeeth numbe)
I ask Allah (swt) As Sameeu l Aleem to a((e"t fom we what I ha+e s"ent in
effot and what I ha+e intended to a(hie+e and that this book is met with the
same a((e"tan(e as the fist book) All "aise belon's to Allah fistly and
lastly)
Al E2hamees (*husday) 4B Jumaada al Awwal 0746 hi-i
B
th
Au'ust 4DD4
Fontents
Intodu(tion
9at %ne E Fastin' of $amadhaan E Geneal ules
Meits of fastin' 06
Meits of $amadhaan 0=
?hen is the obli'atoy fastin' le'islated@ 0B
*he intention of Siyaam 47
Fast at its si'htin' and beak at its si'htin' 4H
Masala (elated issue) 67
Is it (oe(t to use astonomi(al (al(ulations@ 6=
*he (ase of diffeent moon si'htin's 6H
Masala 77
5ow lon' is the 5i-i month 7>
Fastin' of 5aaidh (menstuatin') and 8ufasaa (bith bleedin') women 7H
*he fastin' of someone who be(omes im"ue ;4
*he sin of the one who beaks his fast in $amadhaan without e.(use ;7
*he fast of the youn' ;=
*he fast of the "e'nant and beastfeedin' woman =D
*he lawfulness of inte(ouse in the ni'hts of $amadhaan =7
9at *wo E Al Fit was suhuu E <eakin' fast and "e-dawn food
Fistly/ al Fit E <eakin' fast =>
?hen does the fastin' "eson beak his fast@ =>
?hat is e(ommended fo the faste when he beaks his fast@ >D
?hat does the fastin' "eson say u"on beakin' his fast >0
*he ewad fo the one who 'i+es to anothe to beak his fast >4
*he one who beaks his fast out of fo'etfulness >7
Se(ondly/
As Suhuu ("e-dawn food) >;
*he meits of as Suhuu >;
*he 5ukm of Suhuu >>
*he time of Suhuu >>
9at 6/ Fastin' in ta+el (as safa)
*he 5ukm of fastin' whilst ta+ellin' B;
!+iden(es of those who say it is obli'atoy to beak fast in ta+el H;
!stimatin' the distan(e fo beakin' fast HB
9at 7/ *he 1adaa (makin' u") of fastin'
Fistly/ Makin' u" you own Fasts 0D;
H) Makin' u" the obli'atoy fast
0 - (1adaa)Makin' u" of the ill "eson o ta+elles fast 0D;
4 - 1adaa u" of the woman in menses and bith bleedin' 0D=
6 E 1adaa of the one that +omits delibeately 0D>
7 E 1adaa of the one who unknowin'ly beaks befoe the sun has 'one down
0DH
; E 1adaa of the ma-noon (without le'al mind) and fainted who wakes in the day
of $amadhaan 000
= E 1adaa of the "e'nant and beast feedin' woman if they beak thei fast
000
> E 1adaa of the youn' and someone who be(omes muslim in the day of
amadhaan 000
B E 1adaa of non-obli'atoy fasts 004
Se(ondly/ 1adaa fo the dead "eson 00;
5ow and when is the fast made u"@ 044
9at ;/ 8on-obli'atoy (tattawa) fasts
Fistly/ Geneal ules 04;
*he fastin' of the woman with the husbands "emission 04;
*he non-obli'atoy fast when the fast is in the winte 04B
Fastin' in Jihaad 04H
It is (oe(t (allowed) to beak the non-obli'atoy fast 060
Fastin' in the days of the week 060
Se(ondly/ *he ty"es of non-obli'atoy fastin' 06=
Fastin' what is easy:(omfotable fom e+ey month 06=
Fastin' day afte day 06>
Fastin' of thee days in the month 06H
Fastin' of Monday and *husday 07;
Fastin' the sunnah days of Shawaal 07=
Fastin' in the sa(ed months (ashu al huum) 07B
0) Fastin' of the sa(ed month 07B
4) Fastin' H fom dhul hi--ah 0;D
6) Fastin' in $a-ab 0;0
7) Fastin' in dhul ,ada 0;4
*he Fast of the day of Aafah 0;4
*he fast of Aashooah 0;=
Fastin of shabaan 0=D
Fastin' one# two# fou# fi+e# se+en# nine# ele+en days in the month 0=4
9at Si./ Fastin' that is 5aaam
Fastin' the day of Shakk (doubt) 0=;
Fastin' of ad dah (time) 0=B
Fastin' the two eid days of Fit and adhaa 0>;
Fastin' the days of At *ashee, 0>>
Fastin' of al ?isaal 0B4
Fastin' of the menstuatin' and bith bleedin' woman 0BH
8on-obli'atoy fastin' of a woman without he husbands "emission 0BH
9at Se+en/ Al kaffaaaat (!."iations)
a)!."iations thou'h fastin' 0H0
Fastin' two (onse(uti+e months 0H0
Fistly/ Fastin' fo a3h 3hihaa 0H0
Se(ondly/ Fastin' the one who kills by mistake 0H4
*hidly/ *he one who has inte(ouse with his wife in the day of $amadhaan 0H6
Fastin' ten days 0H>
Fastin' thee days 0HB
Fistly/ Fastin' of al haanith fee yameenihi 0HB
Se(ondly/ Fastin' of al haanith fee nadihi 0HH
Undefined fastin'/ *he hunte who kills and its haaam 4DD
0) !."iations by way of ansom
Fistly/ *he e,uiements of kafaaah (e."iation) 4D0
0-*he inability fom fastin' 4D0
4-*he "eson who fasts and fastin' is e,uied of him 4D>
6-*he man who has inte(ouse with his wife but is unable to fast two (onse(uti+e
months 4D>
*hee is no ansom fo the one who delays ,adaa of $amadhaan without an e.(use
until the ne.t $amadhaan ai+es) 4DH
Se(ondly/ !+aluatin' the Fidyah ($ansom) 40D
9at !i'ht/ ?hat beaks the Fast
0 E <eakin' the intention of the fast 406
4 E &elibeate eatin' and dinkin' 406
6 E Menses and (hild bith bleedin' 406
7 E &elibeate +omitin' 406
; E Inte(ouse 40>
= E As Sauut (Snuffin') 40>
> E Medi(al a""li(ations 444
9at 8ine / ?hat does not beak the fast
*he kiss and Al Mubaashiah 44>
Al 5i-aamah ((u""in') 46;
Iktihaal (eye dakenin') 474
As Siwaak 47;
Al Masala 47>
Al Masala 47B
False# i'noant s"ee(h and ba(kbitin' a'ainst othes 47H
9at 0D/ 1iyaam in $amadhaan and Laylatul 1ad
*he meits of 1iyaam in $amadhaan and Laylatul 1ad 4;6
&es(i"tions of Laylatul 1ad 4;=
?hen is Laylatul 1ad@ 4=0
9at 00/ Al Itikaaf
&efinition of al itikaaf 4B>
*he 5ukm (ulin') of Itikaaf 4BB
?hee does itikaaf take "la(e@ 4HD
?hen does itikaaf take "la(e@ 4H7
?hen does itikaaf be'in@ 4H>
*he time "eiod of itikaaf 4HH
Is fastin' a Shat ((ondition) of itikaaf@ 6D0
?hat is the Mutakif meant to do and not meant to do@ 6D7
I-tihaad in the last ten ni'hts of $amadhaan 6DB
Itikaaf in elation to women 6DH
9at 04/ Iakaatul Fit
*he hukm (ule) of 3akaatul fit 607
*he time of its obli'ation 60=
*he time of its e.ta(tion 60B
?ho is 3akaat ul fit an obli'ation fo 644
*he diffeent foms of Iakaatul fit 64H
Fal(ulatin' 3akaatul fit 66>
Fal(ulatin' the 9o"hets measuement 67=
?ho is Iakaatul Fit "aid to@ 67B
9at %ne
Fastin' of $amadhaan E Geneal $ules/
Sawm lin'uisti(ally means efainin'# silen(e# sus"ension and what is in(luded in its
meanin's) Sawm has been mentioned with this meanin' in Allahs (swt) noble book)
Allah (swt) says/
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LLSo eat and dink and be 'lad) And if you see any human bein'# say/ Meily# I ha+e
+owed a fast unto the Most Ga(ious so I shall not s"eak to any human bein' this
dayNN (Suah Mayam Ayah 4=)
As fo As Sawm in the shaeeah teminolo'y# it is efainin' fom those thin's that
beak the fast and they ae/ food# dink# se.ual elations# e.(ess wate thou'h
mouth:nose and +omitin'# with the intention of 'ettin' (lose to Allah (swt) fom Fa-
of a day until its Ma'hib) *his Shaeeah meanin' of fastin' has been mentioned in
numeous noble ayaat and thee is no need to bin' them u" hee as they ae well
known amon'st "eo"le who ae knowled'eable of them)
*he Meits of As Sawm/
*hee ae many Ahaadeeth that mention the meit of Fastin' of whi(h I will mention
some/
8aated fom Abu 5uaiah (a) that the 9o"het (saw) said/
0) LAllah (swt) said/ !+ey a(tion of ibn Aadam (man) is fo himself e.(e"t fo
Fastin' whi(h is fo me and I will ewad fo it) Fastin' is a Shield (fom
hellfie)) So# the fastin' "eson should a+oid all se.ual elations# he should
not beha+e foolishly# and if someone insults him o fi'hts with him then he
should say/ I am a fastin' "eson) And by 5im in whose hand is my soul the
smell (omin' fom the mouth of the fastin' "eson is bette with Allah than the
smell of Musk) *he one fastin' has two -oys# one when he beaks his fast and
when he meets his $abb he will feel the -oy fo his fastin'N
8aated by Imaam Al <ukhaai (0HD7) and Muslim# 8isaai# Ibn Maa-ah and
Ahmad)
Also fom Abu 5uaiah (a) that the 9o"het (saw) said/
LAou Lod *abaaak wa taaalaa said/ !+ey a(tion is 2afaaah (e."iation)
e.(e"t fo fastin'# be(ause it is fo me and I will ewad fo it)))N
8aated by Abu &aawud At *ayaalissy (47B;) and Ahmad)
And fom Abu 5uaiah (a) that the 9o"het (saw) said/
L!+ey one of the sons of Adams a(tions is multi"lies# a 'ood a(tion will
ha+e ten of its like o u" to se+en hunded times and Allah A33a wa Jalla
says/ !.(e"t fastin' be(ause it belon's to me# and I ewad it)))N
8aated by Muslim (4>D>)# An 8isaai# Ad &aaami and <ayha,i) Ahmad
(H>04) and Ibn Ma-ah naated it with the followin' wods/
L !+ey one of the sons of Adams a(tions is multi"lies# a 'ood a(tion will
ha+e ten of its like o u" to se+en hunded times to what Allah wills# Allah
A33a wa Jalla says/ !.(e"t fo fastin'# it is fo me and I will ewad fo it)))N
*he addition is to what Allah wills)
4) %n the authoity of Sahl bin Sad (a) that the 9o"het (saw) said/
L*hee is a 'ate in Jannah (alled A-$aiyaan and those who obse+e fast will
ente it on the &ay of Jud'ement and none will ente fom it e.(e"t them) It
will be said ?hee ae those who use to obse+e Saum@ *hey will 'et u"
and none e.(e"t them will ente it and afte they ha+e enteed it will be lo(ked
and no one else we be able to ente thou'h itN)
8aated by <uhkaai (0BH=) and Muslim and 8isaai)
Ibn Maa-ah (0=7D) and *imidhi naated it as followin'/
L So those who wee fom amon'st the Saaimeen (fastes) will ente# and
whoe+e has done will ne+e feel the ,uen(h of thist a'ainN)
6) %n the authoity of Abdullah Ibn Masood (a) that he said that the 9o"het
(saw) said/
L5e who (an affod to may should do so be(ause it will hel" him to lowe
his 'a3e and sa+e his "i+ate "ats) And whoe+e (annot may then he
should fast as it will diminish his desie (wi-aaa)N
Al <ukhaai (0HD;)# Muslim# &aawud# 8isaai and *imidhi) ?i-aaa means to
"ut "essue on the testi(les o its +eins so as to (ut the desie)
7) %n the authoity of 5udhayfah bin Al Aaman (a) that he head the 9o"het
(saw) sayin'/
L*he Fitnah (affli(tion) of a man is in his family# money and nei'hbous and
As Salaah# As Saum and As Sada,ah ae e."iation fo themN )
Al <ukhaai (0BH;) and Muslim)
Ibn Abi Shaibah (;H;/B) e"oted it with this wodin'/
L*he Fitnah of a man is in his family# his money# his own self and his
nei'hbou and fastin'# sada,ah and odein' the i'ht and fobiddin' the
won' ae e."iation fo themN)
And also fom 5udhaifah (a) fom the 9o"het (saw)/
L?ho ends his final day (of life) and he fasted will ente JannahN)
8aated by Al <a33aa (0D6B) and Ahmed and Al 5aythami said that its
"eo"le (naatos) ae tustwothy)
;) %n the authoity of Abdullah Ibn Uma (ah) that the Messen'e (saw) said/
LFastin' and the 1uan will inte(ede fo the se+ant on the &ay of Jud'ment)
Fastin' will say/ <y my $abb# I "e+ented him fom food and desies duin'
the day so let me inte(ede fo him and the 1uan will say/ I "e+ented his
slee" at ni'ht so let me inte(ede fo him# *heefoe they will both inte(edeN)
8aated by Ahmad (==4=) and its sanad ((hain) is 5asan) *abaaani also
naated it in his Al Mu-am Al 2abee and Al 5aakim naated it and +eified
its soundness)
=) %n the authoity of Abu Umaamah (a) who said/
LI (ame to the Messen'e (saw) so I said/ Fommand me with an a(tion
whi(h will (ause me to ente Al Jannah) 5e (saw) said/ Alayka bis Saum
(Fast)# be(ause thee is nothin' e,ual to it) I (ame to him a se(ond time and
he said (a'ain)/Alayka bis Siyaam (Fast)N)
8aated by Ahmad (44;D0) and 8isaai# ibn 5ibbaan# ibn 2hu3aimah# Ibn Abi
Shaybah# and *abaaani in Al Mu-am Al 2abee) And in anothe +esion fom
Ibn 5ibbaan (674;) and 8isaaai (Alayka bi sAum fa laa mithla lahu)))) Fast as
thee is nothin' (om"aable to it) 5ee mithla is used instead of idla in the
"e+ious +esion to mean the like of:e,ual to)
>) %n the authoity of Abu 5uaiah (a) who said that the Messen'e (saw) said/
L *hee ae thee whose e,uests (duaa) will not be tuned down/ *he -ust
ule# the one who fasts until he beaks it and the one who is o""essed) Allah
(swt) will aise them on the &ay of Jud'ement without (al 'humaam) (louds
and the doos of the hea+ens (skies) will be o"ened fo them and 5e will say/
?ith my I33a ('loy) I 'a+e you +i(toy e+en if it was afte a whileN)
8aated by Ibn Maa-ah (0>;4))
Al Gumaam has the same meanin' as mentioned in the followin' Ayaat as
Allah (swt) states/
,

/ ( 0+ 1

And (emembe) the day that the 5ea+en will be ent asunde by (louds)) (Al
Fu,aan/ 4;)
,

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3

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2;
&o they then wait fo anythin' othe than that Allah (swt) should (ome to them
in the shadows of the (louds (Al <a,aah/ 40D))
B) %n the authoity of %thmaan ibn Abi Aas (a) that he said/ I head the
Messen'e of Allah (saw) sayin'/
LSawm (fastin') is a shield ("ote(tion) fom the fie -ust like the shield of one
of you ("ote(ts you) in battleN)
8aated by 8isaai (4460)# Ibn Maa-ah# Ahmad# Ibn 5ibbaan and Ibn Abi
Shaybah)
H) %n the authoity of -aabi ibn Abdillah (a) that the Messen'e of Allah (saw)
said/
L %u $abb A33a wa Jalla said/ Fastin' is a shield (Junnah) the se+ent
seeks to shield himself with it fom the 8aa (fie) and it (fastin') is fo me#
and I will ewad:e(om"ense fo itN)
8aated by Ahmad (07>47) with a sanad ((hain) whi(h is Jayyid ('ood) and
also naated by Al <ayha,i)
0D) %n the authoity of Abi Ubaidah (a) who said that he head the Messen'e of
Allah (saw) say/
LFastin' is a shield fo the one who does not +iolate it)))N
Ahmad (0=HD:0>DD)
In a +esion of ad &aaami (0>66)/
LFastin' is a shield fo the one who does not +iolate it# Abu Muhammad said#
*his means al Gheeba (ba(k-bitin'))
*abaaani naated it in Al Mu-am Al Awsat (7;66) fom Abi 5uaiah (a))
So how noble ae the Fadaail (meits) of the Ibaadah of Fastin') Fastin' is a shield#
i)e) a 'uad and "ote(tion) It is a blo(ke of desies when one (annot may and it
e."iates the sins in the time of affli(tion) It inte(edes on behalf of its maste on the
&ay of Jud'ement and fo those who fast belon's the 'ate of A $ayyaan# the one
who entes fom it will ne+e e."eien(e thist a'ain) It is suffi(ient alone to look at
what (ame in the 5adeeth#
!+ey one of the sons of Adams a(tions is multi"lies# a 'ood a(tion will ha+e ten of
its like o u" to se+en hunded times to what Allah wills# Allah A33a wa Jalla says/
!.(e"t fo fastin'# it is fo me and I will ewad fo it)
If thee wee no othe ahaadeeth mentionin' the meits of fastin' then this would
ha+e been enou'h) It is tue that thee is no a(t e,ual to o like that of fastin' as
mentioned in the si.th hadeeth and the only esult of this a(t is entein' into Jannah
as it (ame in the hadeeth e"oted by 5udhaifah (a) and found with al <a33aa and
Ahmad) Also as mentioned in the se+enth hadeethO it is the dese+ed i'ht of the
faste to be honoued by Allah (swt) and ha+e his dua es"onded to and answeed)
*he meits of $amadhaan/
In elation to the meits of $amadhaan the followin' ahaadeeth ha+e been elated/
0) %n the authoity of Abu 5uaiah (a) that the 9o"het (saw) use to say/
L*he fi+e "ayes# and fom one Jumuah to the ne.t# and one $amadhaan to
the ne.t (ount as a an e."iation fo all that is between them if the 2abaai
(ma-o sins) ae a+oidedN)
Imaam Muslim (;;4)# Ahmad and Al <ukhaai in his At *aeekh Al 2abee)
4) And also fom him (a) that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LShame:"ity (a'hima Anf) on the man who when I am mentioned does not
"ay on me and "ity on the man who entes into $amadhaan and does not
ha+e all of his sins fo'i+en befoe its "assin' and "ity on the man who when
his "aents ea(h an old a'e and they dont (ause him to ente Jannah
(be(ause of his 'ood teatment of them) $abiy said/ I dont know it (the
hadeeth) e.(e"t that he said/ o one of the two ("aents)N)
Imaam Ahmad (>777)# *imidhi# Ibn 2hu3aimah# al 5aakim) Its Isnaad ((hain)
is -ayyid ('ood))
6) Fom Abu 5uaiah (a) that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
L?hen $amadhaan be'ins the doos to Jannah ae o"ened and those of
Jahannam ae lo(ked and the Shayateen ae (hained u"N)
Al <ukhaai (0BHH)# Muslim# An 8isaai# Ahmad# Ibn 5ibbaan# Ad &aaami
with diffeen(es in some wods)
7) Fom Abu 5uaiah (a) that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
L?hoe+e fasts $amadhaan with Imaan and Ihtisaab (e."e(tin' ewad fom
Allah) then all of his "e+ious sins will be fo'i+enN)
Al <ukhaai (6B) 8isaai# Ibn Maa-ah# Ahmad# Ibn 5ibbaan# and Ahmad (BHBH)
and 8isaai in a se(ond +esion statin' all of his "e+ious and foth(omin'
sins will be fo'i+en) Al Mundhii said the Isnaad is 5asan buy 5amaad had
doubt in its (onne(tion o that the addition to the 5adeeth only 'oes ba(k to
one link in the (hain fom 1ateebah bin Saeed fom Sufyaan)
;) Fom ibn Abbaas (ah) that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
L*he "efoman(e of Umah in $amadhaan is e,ual to 5a--N)
Ibn Maa-ah (4HH7)# 8isaai# Ahmad) Ibn Maa-ah (4HH0)# Ahmad and *imidhi
naated the 5adeeth with the same wodin' fom ?ahab bin 2hanbash)
Ahmad (07B;;) and Ibn Maa-ah also naated it fom Jaabi (a)) Al <ukhaai
(0B=6) naated fom Jaabi (a) and Muslim and Abu &aawud with the
wodin'O Meily Umah in $amadhaan is like 5a-- o 5a-- with meN) *abaaani
in his Al Mu-am Al 2abee (6=7:4;) and Abu &aawu-d# Ahmad on the
authoity of Mu,al (a) (she) said/ LI ha+e be(ome old and si(k) Is thee an
a(tion that (an e(om"ense me fo my 5a--@ 5e (saw) said/ Umah in
$amadhaan will e(om"ense fo it)N
=) Fom Abu 5uaiah (a) that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
L%n the fist ni'ht of $amadhaan the Shayaateen ae tied u" and (maadatul)
Jinn# the doos to the fie (hell) ae lo(ked so that not one of its doos will be
o"ened) *he doos to Jannah will be o"ened and not one of its doos will be
(losed) A (alle will (all %h desie of Good (A,bil) "o(eedC ((ome fowad)
and %h desie of e+il (A,si) fall behindC And to Allah (swt) belon's those
who ae feed:sa+ed fom the fie) *his will ha""en in e+ey ni'ht (of
$amadhaan)N)
Ibn Maa-ah (0=74)# Ibn 5ibbaan and <ayha,i) Al 5aakim naated it and
+eified its soundness (saheeh) and adh &hahabi a'eed) Ibn 2hu3aimah
(0BB6) naated it with a sli'ht diffeen(e and *abaaani in Al Mu-am al
2abee (0;B=) an 8isaai naated simila to it e.(e"t on the way of Utbah bin
Fa,ad (a))
*he si'nifi(an(e of the abo+e ahaadeeth ae (lea and do not e,uie futhe
e."lanation) If I add the ahaadeeth elated to the meits of fastin' in a (om"lete
manne to this to"i( then the meits of both fastin' and $amadhaan (ombined (an be
e+ealed in a "efe(t way) Ibn Abbaas (ah) said/ *he Messen'e of Allah (saw) was
the +ey best (most 'eneous) of "eo"le# and he was at his best in $amadhaan when
he would meet with Jibeel (ha) and he would meet Jibeel e+ey ni'ht and would 'o
o+e (e+ise) the 1uan) *he messen'e (saw) was e+en bette in bin'in' Al 2hai
('oodness) than the fai winds) (al <ukhaai (=)# Muslim# 8isaai# *imidhi# Ahmad
and Ibn 5ibbaan))
?hen was the obli'atoy fast been le'islated@
*he Fu,ahaa and Ulamaa diffeed in s"e(ifyin' the fist obli'atoy fast on the
Muslims) *he Ahnaaf (5anafi S(hool) and Ibn 5a-a fom the Shaafieen say that the
fist obli'atoy fast was the day of Aashooaa) *he Ahnaaf also said thee days of
e+ey month whi(h they said was abo'ated with the le'islation of $amadhaan whee
the fastin' "eson would efain fom afte salaatul Ishaa until the sun sets (Ma'hib)
whi(h was then abo'ated by the statement of Allah (swt)/
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LLIt is made lawful fo you to ha+e se.ual elations with you wi+es on the ni'ht od
As-Sawm) *hey ae libas (i)e body (o+e# s(een# o Sakan (i)e) you may en-oy
"leasue of li+in' with them)) and you ae the same fo them) Allah knows that you
used to de(ei+e yousel+es# so 5e tuned to you and fo'a+e you) So now ha+e
se.ual elations with them and seek that whi(h Allah has odained fo you and eat
and dink until the white thead (li'ht) of dawn a""eas to you distin(t fom the bla(k
thead (dakness of ni'ht)# then (om"lete you fast until the ni'htfall)))NN Suah Al
<a,aah 0B>
*hey also used the followin' Ahaadeeth to su""ot thei +iew/
0) Fom Abdu $ahman bin Abi Laylaa fom Muaadth bin Jabal (a) who said/
L *he Salaah went thou'h thee sta'es -ust like fastin' went thou'h thee)
So he mentioned the 5adeeth until he said# As fo the sta'es of fastin'#
when the Messen'e of Allah (saw) (ame to Al Madinah he made fastin'
thee days of e+ey month and he said in addition/ fo nineteen months fom
$abeeul Awwal until $amadhaan# fastin' was thee days a month and the
day of Ashooaa) *hen Allah (swt) obli'ated fastin' u"on him when Allah
(swt) e+ealed/ LL% Aou who belie+e fastin' has been "es(ibed fo you as it
was fo those befoe you)))NN until the ayah LL)))as fo those who find
diffi(ulty they ha+e a (hoi(e to feed a miskeen ("oo "eson)NN 5e said/ So
whoe+e wished to fast would do so and whoe+e wished to feed the "oo
would do so that would be "atitioned fom him) 5e said/ *hen Allah (swt)
e+ealed anothe ayaatO LL*he month of $amadhaan in whi(h was e+ealed
the 1uan))))NN until 5is statement LL))))theefoe whosoe+e witnesses the
month should fast)))N5e said/ So Allah (swt) "la(ed fastin' on a fim standin'
(obli'ed it) and 'a+e a ukhsa ("emission:lenien(e) to the si(k and ta+ellin'
and allowed the old who is unable to fast to 'i+e to the miskeen) *hese two
e"esent two sta'es# he said/ So they ate and dank and they a""oa(hed
thei wi+es befoe slee"in' but not afte slee"in') 5e said/ *hen thee was a
man fom the Ansaa (alled Sima who emained fastin' until the e+enin'
then he would 'o home to his family# "ay Ishaa and then 'o to slee") 5e did
not eat o dink until he woke in the monin' and emained in the state of
fastin') 5e said/ *he Messen'e of Allah (saw) saw him and he had
e."ended a 'eat deal of effot) 5e (saw) said/ ?hats this# I ha+e seen that
you ha+e indeed e.eted a 'eat deal of effot@ 5e e"lied/ I did yesteday# I
(ame who when I did# I thow myself down so I sle"t and I awoke when I
awoke and was (still) fastin') 5e (Muaadh) said/ Uma had had elations with
one of the women (sla+e o fee) afte slee"in' so he a""oa(hed the
Messen'e and infomed him of it and Allah (swt) e+ealed/ LL It is 5alaal fo
you o the ni'ht of fastin' to ha+e se.ual elations with you women)))NN until
5is (swt) sayin' LL)))So (om"lete the fastin' until the ni'ht)))NN 5e added/
So he fasted 0H months fom $abeeul Awwal until $amadhaanN)
Imaam Ahmad (447>;# Abu &aawud# Al <ayha,i and Ahmad and Muslim
naated a simila hadeeth on the authoity of Abdullah ibn Masood)
4) %n the authoity of 8aafi fom (Abdullah) Ibn Uma (a) who said/
LL*he 9o"het obse+ed the fast on the 0D
th
of Muhaam (PAshua)# and
odeed (Muslims) to fast on that day# but when the fastin' of the month of
$amadan was "es(ibed# the fastin' of the PAshuaP was abandoned)
Abdullah did not use to fast on that day unless it (oin(ided with his outine
fastin' by (han(eNN)
8aated by al <ukhaai (0BH4)# Muslim# Ahmad and <ayha,i) It also (ame in
a diffeent fom in al <ukhaai (7;D0)# Muslim# Abi &aawud and Ahmad LL*he
"eo"le of Jaahiliyah ("e-Islaam) used to fast the day of Ashua) ?hen
$amadhaan was e+ealed whoe+e wished to fast would so so and whoe+e
wished not to would efainNN)
6) %n the authoity of Aisha (ah) who said/
LL*he 1uaysh used to fast the day of Ashua (0D
th
Muhaam) in Jaahiliyah
and then the Messen'e of Allah (saw) odeed its fastin' until the time that
$amadhaan was made obli'atoy) *he Messen'e (saw) said then that
whoe+e wished to fast (ould do so and whoe+e wished to (ould beak itNN)
Al <ukhaai (0BH6)# Muslim# Abu &aawud# 8isaai and at *imidhi) <ukhaai
(7;D7)# Muslim# Abu &aawud# an 8isaai# at *imidhi# Maalik# Ahmad and ad
&aaami also naated on the authoity of Aisha (a) that she said/ LL *he
1uaysh used to fast the day of Ashua in Jaahiliyah and the 9o"het (saw)
used to fast it) ?hen he ai+ed in al Madinah he fasted it and odeed its
fastin') ?hen $amadhaan was e+ealed it be(ame an obli'ation and Ashua
was left so whoe+e wanted to fast it did so and whoe+e did not want to (ould
abstainNN)
7) %n the authoity of Al,amah fom Abdullah ibn Masood (a) who said/
*hat AlQAshPath enteed u"on him while he was eatin') AlQAshPath said#
R*oday is PAshua)R I said (to him)# RFastin' had been obse+ed (on su(h a
day) befoe (the ode of (om"ulsoy fastin' in) $amadan was e+ealed) <ut
when (the ode of fastin' in) $amadan was e+ealed# fastin' (onPAshuaP)
was 'i+en u"# so (ome and eat)R
Al <ukhaai (7;D6)# Muslim# Ahmad and al <ayha,i)
;) %n the authoity of A $ubayyi bint Muawidh who said/
*he 9o"het sent a messen'e to the +illa'e of the Ansa in the monin' of
the day of PAshuaP (0Dth of Muhaam) to announ(e/ P?hoe+e has eaten
somethin' should not eat but (om"lete the fast# and whoe+e is obse+in' the
fast should (om"lete it) She futhe said# SSin(e then we used to fast on that
day e'ulaly and also make ou boys fast) ?e used to make toys of wool fo
the boys and if anyone of them (ied# he was 'i+en those toys till it was the
time of the beakin' of the fast)R
Al <ukhaai (0H=D)# Muslim# Ibn 2hu3aimah# Ibn 5ibbaan and al <ayha,i)
=) Salamah bin Al Akwa (a) naated that/
LL*he 9o"het (saw) sent a man (allin' to "eo"le on the day of Ashua/
?hoe+e has eaten should fast the est of the day and whoe+e has not eaten
should not eat (i)e) (om"lete the fast)NN)
Al <ukhaai (0H47)# Muslim# An 8isaai# Ahmad# Ibn 5ibbaan and ad &aaami)
*he ma-oity of Ulamaa in(ludin' the most well known of the Shafiiyyah o"inions ae
of the +iew that no fast was obli'ated u"on the Muslims befoe the fastin' of
$amadhaan was e+ealed) *hey use as an e+iden(e to su""ot thei +iew what was
naated by 5umaid bin Abdi $ahmaan fom Muaawiyah bin Abi Sufyaan (ah)
when he stood on the Minba on the day of Ashua in the yea of 5a-- statin'/ %
9eo"le of Al MadeenahC ?hee ae you Ulamaa (s(holas)@ I head the Messen'e
of Allah (saw) sayin'/ *his is the day of Ashua# Allah (swt) did not "es(ibe its
fastin' but I am fastin' so whoe+e wishes to (an do so and whoe+e does not wish
to then it is u" to him) Al <ukhaai (4DD6)# Muslim# an 8isaai and Ibn 5ibbaan)
Ahmed bin 5anbal naated (0=HH4) in the wodin'# L*his is the day of Ashua#
fastin' was not "es(ibed on us so whoe+e wishes to fast (an do so and I am
fastin') So the "eo"le fasted)N
In li'ht of all of the abo+e we say the followin'/
In elation to hadeeth numbe 0 naated by Ahmad fom Muaadh (a)# it (ontains a
beak in tansmission between Abdu $ahmaan ibn Abi Layla and Muaadh) *his is
be(ause Abdu $ahmaan did not (ome into (onta(t with Muaadh like some
Muhadditheen had mentioned and theefoe the hadeeth is Mun,ati (has a link
missin' in the (hain of naatos)) *he (hain is theefoe e-e(ted and theefoe so is
the +iew of the Ahnaaf e'adin' the obli'ation of fastin' thee days befoe the month
of $amadhaan) 8ow we will be'in the dis(ussion of the Saheeh ahaadeeth/
*he Ayah (4/0B>) does not (ontain any mention of the obli'ation of any fastin' u"on
the Muslims befoe $amadhaan and theefoe this ayah is not (oe(t to be used as
e+iden(e in this to"i(:issue) As fo the 5adeeth of ibn Uma and that of Aisha
e(oded by Al <ukhaai# the wodin's ha+e (ome with one indi(ation (meanin')# that
the Messen'e of Allah (saw) odeed the fastin' of Ashua befoe the obli'ation of
$amadhaan and did not ode it afte) *his ode (om"ises an e+iden(e that the
fastin' of Ashua was an obli'ation on the Muslims fo those who say and ado"t the
o"inion that the (ommand is waa-ib (obli'atoy))
?e say to them that we do not (on(u o affim that the Am (ode) indi(ates wu-oob
(obli'ation) but we +iew that the (ommand (am) only establishes a e,uest (talab)) It
is the ,aaain (indi(ations) that establish:define the fom of e,uest and if it is waa-ib
(obli'atoy)# Mandoob (e(ommended) o e+en Mubaah ("emissible)) So the
Messen'e (saw) odeed (e,uested) the fastin' of Ashua# without a ,aeenah
(indi(ation:linka'e) of obli'ation and this theefoe does not lead to the fast of Ashua
bein' obli'atoy (waa-ib)) In addition to those who ha+e stated its obli'ation we say/
Aou ("lual) do not say what you say in absolute tems but only say that the ode
im"lies obli'ation e.(e"t if a ,aeenah (han'es its state to indi(ate that it is
e(ommended fo instan(e) *hen (it should be asked) ha+e you not sea(hed o
looked fo a ,aeenah (in the te.ts) be(ause it is ((lealy) "esent in the te.ts in a
way that (annot be hidden fom any Fa,eeh@C
*he 5adeeth of Muaawiyah naated by al <ukhaai and Imam Ahmad a(ts as a
(lea 1aeenah (indi(ation) that shifts the (ommand (am) of *he noble "o"het to
that of nadb (e(ommendation)) 5is (saw) statement/ SAllah (swt) did not obli'ate
fastin' on you but I am fastin'T o when he said SIts fastin' was not obli'ed u"on us
so whoe+e wishes to fast amon'st you then do soT a(t as a 1aeenah that the noble
9o"hets ode (am) to fast the day of Ashua was of the e(ommended ty"e and
not obli'atoy) As fo it not bein' obli'atoy then this is (lea fom the Mantoo,
(s"oken meanin') and as fo it bein' e(ommended this is be(ause the Messen'e
(saw) said to the Muslims SI am fastin'T and he said to them so whoe+e wishes to
fast fom you then do so (fal yasum)T) 5is announ(ement that he was fastin'# his
tellin' (odein') those who wished to fast to do so and be(ause the fast is an a(t of
Ibaadah that bin's you (lose to Allah (swt) all e"esent a ,aeenah and e+iden(e
that the fast of Ashua is e(ommended)
As fo elyin' on the hadeeth of A-$ubayyi naated by Al <ukhaai and the hadeeth
fom Salamah bin Al Akwa also fom <ukhaai# I say/ *he laf3h (wodin') in tems of
e+idential meanin' (dalaalah) is one# the fist hadeeth says/ S?hoe+e wakes u"
beakin' his fast should (om"lete the est of the day and the one who wakes fastin'
should emain soT and the se(ond hadeeth states/ S?hoe+e has eaten should then
(om"lete:fast (fom that time) and the one who hasnt eaten should not do so (i)e)
(om"lete his fast)T) *hese two e+iden(es do not (ome in a way that obli'ates the fast
neithe in Mantoo, (meanin' of wods) o Mafhoom (wide undestandin')) In tems
of the Mantoo, this is (lea) As fo the MafhoomO then the Messen'e (saw) when he
odes with an obli'ation (waa-ib) then he also 'uides us to how we should "efom it)
Likewise when we ae odeed with a e(ommended a(t it is e."lained how it should
be "efomed) *he mentionin' of how to "efom the a(t is not howe+e an indi(ation
to whethe an a(tion is obli'atoy o e(ommended but athe follows the oi'in of the
ule of the a(tion) If the a(tion is obli'atoy then the manne to "efom it be(omes
atta(hed to it and is also theefoe obli'atoy and likewise the manne of "efomin' a
e(ommended a(tion follows its oi'inal ulin') *hee is no need to "o+ide e.am"les
of what we ha+e said be(ause this undestandin' is well known and dis"esed whee
no Aalim o Fa,eeh (an be hidden fom it) In the abo+e ahaadeeth it is mentioned
how to "efom the fast afte the "assin' of "at of the day howe+e this des(i"tion
of how is not at all an indi(ation of the obli'ation of this fast (Ashua))
As fo the hadeeth of Abdullah ibn Masood (a) it does not add anythin' to the
5adeeth of ibn Uma and Aisha (ah)) *he hadeeth of Muaawiyah theefoe emains
with its te.tual meanin' a stikin' e+iden(e of denyin' the obli'ation of fastin' the
day of Ashua and as su(h it is ne(essay to ely on it and lea+e the othe e+iden(es
(whi(h ha+e been used in this issue))
?e also in(line to distan(e ousel+es fom del+in' into this issue when a (lea (ut
e+iden(e (an be found in the noble book of Allah (swt)) Allah (swt) says/
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LL % Aou who belie+e fastin' has been witten (obli'ated) fo you like it was witten
fo those befoe you so that you be(ome feaful of Allah (Mutta,i)NN (<a,aah/0B6)
If you look at the wodin' of this ayah# in 5is (swt) statement Fastin' has been
witten fo you the wod fastin' has (ome in a 'eneal (Aam) and unesti(ted
(Mutla,) way) *he undestandin' is that fastin' has be(ome obli'atoy at that time
and had fastin' been made obli'atoy befoe then why did the e."ession (wodin')
(ome in this manne) *his noble ayah (ame announ(in' the obli'ation of fastin' and
as su(h indi(ates that fastin' was not obli'atoy befoe this e+elation) *his is the fist
"oint)
Se(ondly is 5is (swt) statement )))as it was witten fo those befoe youT) 5ad fastin'
been witten fo us befoe this ayah then why does it mention like those befoe you)
*he Ayah states/ )))as it was witten fo those befoe you and not as it was
"e+iously obli'ed u"on you (like Ashua fo e.am"le)) *his is an e+ident daleel
("oof:e+iden(e) that fastin' had not been obli'ed u"on the Muslims befoe the fast
of $amadhaan) May Allah (swt) fo'i+e those that say othe than that and these
mistakes only (ome fom the Ulamaa and Fu,ahaa thou'h the esti(tion to an
e+iden(e o a few e+iden(es and lea+in' what is beside them) Its as if I-tihaad is an
issue of "uifyin' the te.ts instead of takin' the te.ts and wokin' with all of them so
that the weak e+iden(es o those that o""ose the ston' e+iden(es (an be
s(utinised and dis(aded)
8umeous hadeeth ha+e e."essed the obli'ation of fastin' in the month of
$amadhaan wheeas we ha+e not found one e+iden(e obli'atin' the fast of Ashua)
Fo e.am"le we bin' the followin' Ahaadeeth/
0) Fom *alhah bin Ubaidullah (a)/
LLAn Aab (<edouin) with dishe+elled hai (ame to the Messen'e (saw) and
said/ S% Messen'e of Allah)))*ell me what Allah (swt) has obli'ed on me in
tems of fastin'@T 5e (saw) e"lied/ S*he fast of $amadhaan# othe than that
is e(ommended:e.taTNN
Al <ukhaai (0BH0)# Muslim# Abu &aawud# An 8isaai and Ahmad)
4) Fom Ibn Uma (ah) that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LLIslaam is built u"on fi+e/ Shahaadah that thee is no Ilah e.(e"t Allah and
that Mohammad is the Messen'e of Allah# to establish the Salaah# to 'i+e
the Iakaah# 5a-- and fastin' the month of $amadhaanNN)
Al <ukhaai (B)# Muslim# An 8isaai# At *imidhi# Ahmad)
Islaam is not built u"on anythin' that is not obli'atoy and indeed Islaam is
not built e.(e"t on its Akaan ("illas))
*he Intention of the Fast/
It was the o"inion of ibn Uma and Jaabi bin Iaid (ah) fom the Sahaabah and also
the o"inion of Maalik# Al Layth and Ibn Abi dhib that it was ne(essay to make the
intention fo the fast in the "e(edin' ni'ht in any "at of it (the ni'ht)) *hee is no
diffeen(e between the obli'atoy and e(ommended fasts so the fast of $amadhaan#
the fast of an 8adh (oath:+ow)# the obli'atoy fast of 2afaaah and the
e(ommended e.ta fasts ae all the same in the es"e(t of the intention a((odin' to
this +iew) 5owe+e Imam Abu 5aneefah# Imaam ash Shaafi and Ahmad +iewed the
niyah of the "e(edin' ni'ht to be obli'atoy only fo the obli'atoy fasts and not the
su""lementay)
Is it obli'atoy to make the intention fo e+ey day of fastin' of $amadhaan as the
ma-oity ha+e stated o (an one intention (o+e the whole month of fastin' like
Maalik# Ahmad and Ishaa, ha+e "ut fowad@ Also is it (oe(t fastin' in the month of
$amadhaan in the i'ht of Al Mu,eem as Saheeh without an intention like some of
the Ahnaaf# Ataa# Mu-aahid and a3 Iuhy stated@ Is it allowed to make the intention
in the daytime of a su""lementay fast whi(h was the o"inion of Ibn Abbaas# Ibn
Masood# 5udhayfah# Abu 5uaiah# Abu ad &adaa# Abu *alha# Abu Ayoob (ah)
and Ahmad and Ash Shaafi@ Is the intention obli'atoy befoe Iawaal E befoe
Ihoh - and thee is no ewad afte that like has been e"oted fom Ali Ibn Abi
*aalib (a) and fom Abu 5aneefah and one o"inion attibuted to Ash Shaafi@ % is it
a((e"table to make the intention both befoe and afte 3hoh followin' the +iew of ibn
Abbaas# Aaisha and 5udhaifah (ah) and ash Shaafi in anothe +iew attibuted to
him@
In ode to un(o+e the tuth of these issues we need to e.amine the followin' te.ts/
0) Fom 5afsah (ah) the wife of the 9o"het (saw) that 5e (saw) said/
LL ?hoe+e has not -oined the fast befoe al Fa- then thee is no fast fo himNN)
8aated bu 2hu3aimah (0HH6)) 5e added that ibn Abdil 5akam told him that Ibn
?ahab told them the same thin'# and he added/ 5e told me that Maalik and al
Layth said the same) Ahmad# Ibn 5ibbaan# Al 5aakim and Ibn 5a3m also
naated it and +eified it as Mafoo whee An 8isaai and at *imidhy +eified it
sto""in' at 5afsah) Abd &aawud mentioned that Mama# a3 Iubaydy# Ibn
Ayyina and Aounus al Ayly sto""ed the naation at 5afsah) Ibn Maa-ah# ad
&aaamy also (lassified it as Mafou) *hee is theefoe a diffeen(e of o"inion in
elation to this 5adeeth whee some ha+e +eified it as bein' Mafou and othes
ha+e sto""ed it at 5afsah)
4) %n the authoity of Aisha (a) the Mothe of <elie+es who said/
LL *he 9o"het (saw) enteed one day and said/ 5a+e you 'ot anythin' (to
eat)@ So we said 8o) 5e said In that (ase I am 'oin' to fast) 5e (ame to us
anothe day and we said/ % Messen'e of Allah we ha+e been 'i+en a 5ays
(food) as a "esent So he said Show it to me# I stated the day fastin' and then
he ate) 8aated by Muslim (4>0;)# Abu &aawud# An 8isaai# At *imidhi and Ibn
Maa-ah) Al 5ays/ It is a food fom butte# (otta'e (heese and dates) Flou (an
e"la(e the (heese) An 8isaai (466D)# al <ayha,i and ad &aaa,utni in a (hain
that Al <ayha,i +eified as Saheeh in the followin' wodin'/ Fom Aaisha (ah)
Ummul Mumineen who said/ *he Messen'e of Allah (saw) (ame one day and
said# &o you ha+e any food@ I said 8o so he said *hen I will fast) She said/ 5e
(ame anothe time and I said/ % $asool Allah we ha+e been 'i+en 5ays so he
said# In that (ase I will beak my fast and I had been (fuidtu) fastin')
6) %n the authoity of Anas bin Maalik (a) that the 9o"het (saw) said/
LL *he fastin' "eson has a (hoi(e between it and half of the dayNN
Al <ayha,i (4>>:7)) 5e naated simila to this fom Abi Umaamah (a))
7) Fom Ikamah fom Ibn Abbaas (ah) that/
LL 5e use to be awake until 3hoh and would then say/ <y Allah I awoke and I
did not want to fast and yet I ha+ent eaten food o dank anythin' all day) I am
theefoe definitely 'oin' to fast this dayCNN
8aated by at *ahaawi in Shah maaani al aatha (;=:4))
;) Fom Abi al Ahwas fom Abdullah ibn Masood (a) who said/
?hen you wake u" then you ha+e one of two o"tions if you ha+ent eaten o
dunk anythin') If you wish you (an fast and if you wish you (an eatNN)
At *ahaawi (;=:4) in Shah al Maaani al Aatha and Al <ayha,i simila to it
(4>>:7))
=) %n the authoity of Abi Abdi $ahman
J *hat 5udhaifah be'an his fast as lon' as the sun was still "esentK
8aated by At *ahaawi in his Shah Maaani al Aatha (;=:4)# Ibn Abi Shaybah
and al <ayha,i) Abdu $a33aa, (>>BD) and Saad ibn Ubaidah said/ J5udhaifah
said/ ?hoe+e feels like fastin' afte the 3awaal of the Sun then he should:(ould
do soK)
Fast at its si'ht and beak fast at its si'ht/
At *imidhi said/ (<ased on this hadeeth (not mentioned) (the hadeeth of Ibn Abbaas
shall be mentioned late) most of the "eo"le of knowled'e ha+e said/ *he witness
(Shahaadah) of one "eson is a((e"ted fo fastin' and this is what Ibn ul Mubaaak#
Ash Shaafi and Ahmad ha+e said) Ishaa, said/ *hat thee is no fast e.(e"t with two
men (as witnesses)) And the "eo"le of knowled'e ha+e not dis"uted that it e,uies
the witness of two men fo the beakin' of fast (Iftaa at end of $amadhaan)))
Al 2hitaabi said/ I do not know any diffeen(e in o"inion e'adin' the suffi(ien(y of
two -ust:eliable men to" bea witness to the si'htin' of the new moon of Shawaal)
*he only diffeen(e is in elation to the witness (Shahaadah) of one man (at
be'innin' of fast) but most of the Ulamaa do not a((e"t less than two
tustwothy:eliable witnesses)
*he ma-oity ha+e 'one with the o"inion that one -ust witness is enou'h fo the hilaal
(new moon) of $amadhaan and the stat of fastin') *hei o"inion is that if one
-ust:eliable Muslim sees the 5ilaal of $amadhaan then this makes fastin' obli'atoy
on all of the Muslims) Imaam Ahmad (a) said/ !+en if it is a sla+e o woman) *his is
also an o"inion of ash Shaafi) *he moe elied u"on o"inion of Imaam Ash Shaafi
howe+e is that the witness should be fee and male) *he Ahnaaf "emitted the -ust
witness e+en if it be a sla+e o female when the sky is (loudy) Al Maalikiyyah and
Ishaa, ibn $aahuwiyah o""osed the ma-oity o"inion when they obli'ed two fee
male -ust and matue witnesses fo the be'innin' of $amadhaan o a la'e 'ou"
who may not hold the abo+e mentioned (onditions i)e) male# fee# -ust)
As fo affimin' and establishin' the new moon of Shawaal and the end of fastin'
(Iftaa) then in this (ase the ma-oity and the fou Imaams ha+e stated that two
witnesses ae ne(essay) *he Ahnaaf ha+e said that they should be fee men and
-ust o one fee man and two fee women) Abu *haw and Ibn Mundhi fom Ash
Shaafiiyyah and Ibn $ushd fom the Maalikiyyah and Ash Shawkaani who "emitted
the witness of one -ust witness fo the affimation of the seein' of the 5ilaal of
Shawaal and the be'innin' of Iftaa i)e) the end of $amadhaan)
?e will now look at the e+iden(es:te.ts elated to this issue so that we may attain the
(oe(t o"inion with the hel" of Allah (swt)/
0) %n the authoity of Ibn Abbaas (a) who said/
LLAn Aab (ame to the 9o"het (saw) and said/ I saw the 5ilaal (of
$amadhaan) 5e (saw) said/ &o you bea witness that Laa Ilaaha illa Allah
and that Muhammad is 5is sla+e and messen'e@ 5e said Aes So *he
9o"het (saw) said/ Get u" and announ(e to the "eo"le that we ae fastin'
tomoowNN) 8aated by Ibn 2hu3aimah (0H46) and Ibn 5ibbaan) Abu
&aawud (467D) with the wodin' U))) Meily I saw the 5ilaal E Al 5asan said in
this 5adeeth/ meanin' $amadhaan))))) An 8isaai and At *imidhi and Ibn Abi
Shaibah) Al 5aakim and Adh &hahabi +eified it as Saheeh)
4) %n the authoity of 5usein bin Al 5aaith Al Jadaly fom Judailah 1ais that the
Amee of Makkah addessed the "eo"le sayin'/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) obli'ed on us that we stat dhul 5i--ah with
the si'htin' (of the 5ilaal) and if we did not see it but two othes boe witness
to the si'htin' then we should (nunsuk) stat dhul 5i--ah on that))) *hen the
Amee said/ Meily thee ae "eo"le amon'st you who ae moe
knowled'eable about Allah (swt) and 5is Messen'e (saw) (i)e) the deen)
than me# who ha+e witnessed fisthand fom the Messen'e and he indi(ated
with his hand a man (in the (owd)) 5usein said/ So I said to the Shaikh who
was beside me ?ho is this who the Amee is indi(atin'@ 5e said/ It is
Abdullah Ibn Uma (a) and he told the tuth as he (Abdullah) is moe
2nowled'eable about Allah (swt) than him (the Amee)) So he said/ And this
is what the messen'e of Allah (saw) odeed us withNN)
8aated by &aawud (466B)# Ad &aaa,utni who +eified its soundness and
<ayha,i also naated it)
8unsuk means we woshi" and hee means make 5a-- and the statement
8unsuk li uyah means the si'htin' of the 5ilaal of &hil 5i--ah)
6) %n the authoity of Ibn Uma (ah) who said/
LL*he "eo"le showed me the 5ilaal so I told the Messen'e (saw) that I had
seen it so he be'an the fast and odeed the Muslims to be'in thei fastNN)
Abu &aawud (4674)# Ad &aaami# Al <ayha,i) Ibn 5ibbaan# Al 5aakim and
Ibn 5aa3im naated it and +eified its soundness (saheeh))
In elation to the se(ond 5adeeth e'adin' the Amee of Makkah# it is not in the
baab ((ha"te) of fastin') It is elated to the baab of 5a-- and emains belon'in' to it
and as su(h we will lea+e it thee) So now only the hadeeth of Ibn Abbaas and Ibn
Uma (ah) emain in this issue) *he fist mentions that the Messen'e of Allah (saw)
affimed the si'htin' of the new moon (hilaal) of $amadhaan on the testimony of
(only) one aab) *he se(ond hadeeth mentions how the Messen'e of Allah (saw)
affimed the si'htin' of the new moon (hilaal) and the be'innin' of the fast fom the
testimony of Abdullah ibn Uma (a) himself) *hese two hadeeth ae (not) o"en to
"otest and they indi(ate in a way that does not a((e"t inte"etation that the
(onfimation of the 5ilaal of $amadhaan and the be'innin' of fastin' is established
by the witnessin' of one witness) *he o"inion of those who sti"ulate and obli'ate two
witnesses is theefoe e-e(ted su(h as the Maalikiyah and Ishaa, ibn $ahuuyah)
*his is issue is of the (laity that does not e,uie any futhe del+in' in to o study)
Se(ondly# the te.ts and e+iden(es linked to the si'htin' of the 5ilaal of Shawaal
0) %n the authoity of $abiiy fom a man fom amon'st the "eo"le (ashaab) of
the 9o"het (saw)/
LL*hat the 9o"het (saw) awoke (stated his day) fastin' to (om"lete the
thity days of $amadhaan when two aabs (ame and boe witness to Laa
ilaaha illa Allah and that they had seen the new moon yesteday so the
9o"het (saw) (ommanded the beakin' of fastNN)
Ad &aaa,utni (0=B:4) and he said the 5adeeth is Saheeh) Also naated by
Abu &aawud# An 8isaai and Ahmad)
4) %n the authoity of Al 5ussein fom Al 5aaith who said that I head Abdu
$ahmaan bin Iaid bin Al 2hattaab sayin'/
LL?e a((om"anied the (om"anions of the 9o"het (saw) and we leant fom
them) *hey told us that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/ Fast at its si'htin'
and beak fast at its si'htin'# and if it is not +isible ((loudy) so (ount (fast u"
to) to thity days) If somebody who is -ust witnesses (the new moon) then fast#
and beak fast and "efom you a(ts of woshi"NN
Ad &aaa,utni (0=>:4) # Ahmad and An 8isaai)
Ahmad (0H0D0) naated in the wodin' /
LL Fast at its si'htin' and beak fast at its si'htin' and sti(k to it and if it is
not +isible ((loudy) (om"lete thity and if two Muslim witnesses see it then
be'in you fast and beak you fastNN)
6) Fom Al 5aaith (a) who said/
LLIf two -ust men bea witness to thw si'htin' of the 5ilaal then beak you
fastNN
8aated by Ibn Abi Shaibah (7B4:4)
7) %n the authoity of Abi Umai ibn Anas ibn Maalik who said/ My Un(les told
me fom the Ansaa fom the (om"anions of the Messen'e (saw) that they
said/
LL*he 5ilaal (new moon) of Shawaal was obstu(ted fom us (not +isible) so
we stated the day fastin') *hee then (ame ides fom the othe side of the
i+e and they testified to the 9o"het (saw) that they had seen the 5ilaal the
day befoe) So the Messen'e (saw) odeed that the fast be boken and that
they should 'o out fo the eid ((elebation) the followin' dayNN)
Ibn Maa-ah (0=;6)# Ahmad# An 8isaai# Ibn 5ibbaan and At *ahaawi) Ad
&aaa,utni said the Isnaad is 5asan and Al <ayha,i that all of the named
Sahaabah ae -ust)
;) Fom Anas (a)/
LLA 'ou" of "eo"le testified to the 9o"het (saw) the si'htin' of the 5ilaal#
the 5ilaal of Shawaal# so he odeed that they beak fast and be'in thei !id
the ne.t dayNN)
8aated by Al <a33aa (H>4) and Abu <ak Al 1utayi on the Musnad of Al
Imaam Ahmad) Al 5aithami said in elation to the 5adeeth that its $i-aal
(naatos) ae Saheeh)
*he se(ond 5adeeth fom Ad &aaa,utni and Ahmad was naated by Al 5u--aa- and
he is &aeef so the ((hain) sanad is abandoned) In elation to the Matn (te.t) and the
addition If somebody who is -ust witnesses (the new moon) then fast# and beak fast
and "efom you a(ts of woshi" is not "ese+ed and this is be(ause the heat
(main "at) of this hadeeth is naated fom numeous saheeh "aths and this addition
is not in any of them) It is theefoe e-e(ted) As fo the e"ot of An 8isaai Al 5u--aa-
is not in the (hain and instead it in(ludes Ibaaheem bin Aa,oob) In his book Mi3aan
al itidaal Adh &hahabi says about him that he is a((used with lyin' so this 5adeeth
fom An 8isaai is also e-e(ted)
As fo the thid 5adeeth it is fom Al 5aaith Al Awa and he is a((used of lyin' so
this hadeeth is e-e(ted) So only the ahaadeeth 0#7 and ; emain to be dis(ussed)
*he fist 5adeeth (0) states that *wo aabs (ame and boe witness to Laa Ilaaha illa
Allah that they had seen the new moon the day befoe so they wee odeed to beak
fast and the fouth hadeeth (7) stated that $ides (ame fom the othe side of the
i+e and they testified to th 9o"het (saw) that they had seen the new moon the day
befoe so the Messen'e of Allah (saw) odeed them to beak thei fasts) And the
fifth hadeeth (;) states that A "eo"le o 'ou" testified to the 9o"het (saw) that they
had seen the new moon# the moon of shawaal so he (saw) odeed them to beak
thei fastin') A look at these thee statements e+eals one "atten and that is that
what ha""ened in ea(h o((asion was the eality of those that saw it (the new moon))
*he ealities e"esented a (oin(idental o((uen(e without any (onditions sti"ulated)
*he e+iden(es do not (ontain any mention of a (ondition sti"ulatin' that thee be two
witnesses o that they ae ides o a 'ou" of "eo"le but only that this is what
o((ued in ea(h (ase i)e) it -ust o((ued that two (ame# that ides (ame and that a
'ou" of "eo"le testified to the si'htin' of the new moon)
*hese te.ts do not mean by lan'ua'e o Shaa that it is not allowed to a((e"t the
witness of less than what they mention) Fo those that "ut fowad this +iew (that two
witnesses ae e,uied) bin' and e+iden(e that the Messen'e of Allah (saw)
e-e(ted the witness of one "eson in the si'htin' of the 5ilaal of Shawaal) It is also
known that the witnessin' by eye does not ha+e undestandin's atta(hed to it and no
means of measuement and in this (ase thee is no (all to sti(k to the way it
o((ued) And if the witnessin' was done by moe than one man in these e+iden(es
this does not mean that the testimony of one "eson is not suffi(ient) *he one who
says one "esons witness is enou'h will no doubt a((e"t the witness of two# fi+e# ten
o e+en a hunded "eo"le) And an in(ease in numbe is bette as "eo"le say moe
is bette) Indeed one "eson is suffi(ient to ente in to the (owd and a(hie+e what is
e,uied) So in (on(lusion thee is nothin' in any of these te.ts that in+ite us to
sti"ulate that two o moe witnesses ae e,uied fo the si'htin' of the new moon
(hilaal) of Shawaal)
And I say to whoe+e +iews that these e+iden(es indi(ate (om"ulsion (to a 'i+en
numbe) that/ If you take the fouth and fifth hadeeth and sti(k to them a((odin' to
this undestandin' then you would ha+e to abandon the fist hadeeth mentionin' two
witnesses only) *hose who say these hadeeth esti(t the numbe ha+e awoken in
(onfusion and ha+e mo+ed away fom "uity) *his is be(ause if they wok with all
thee ahaadeeth then they would need to abandon the two witnesses as they ae
less than ides and a "eo"le) % they may +iew them as o""osin' e+iden(es and
-ust take whi(h e+e they like fom them like the sti"ulation of two witnesses whilst
lea+in' the ides and "eo"le o the othe way oundC
Meily the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said SFast at its si'htin' and beak fast at its
si'htin'T and the si'htin' was sti"ulated in a 'eneal way fo the si'htin' of the 5ilaal
of $amadhaan and the si'htin' of the 5ilaal of Shawaal) *his hadeeth whi(h has
ea(hed a hi'h le+el of soundness (saheeh) did not diffeentiate between the fast
(be'innin' of $amadhaan) and the beakin' of fast (end of $amadhaan)) It is
theefoe waa-ib to e,ualise between them by be'innin' ou fast with the hilaals
si'htin' and beakin':endin' ou fast with its si'htin' in its 'eneal fom without
findin' what may s"e(ify o make diffeent one si'htin' o+e the othe) ?e ha+e
e+iden(es that mention the a((e"tan(e of one witness fo the be'innin' of fastin' so
this (an a(t as a 'eneal e+iden(e fo the a((e"tan(e of one witness fo the si'htin'
of the new moon) *he si'htin' of the moon of amadhaan is the same as the si'htin'
of the moon of Shawaal and if the si'htin' of one witness if enou'h fo the
(onfimation of one then it is suffi(ient fo the othe) *his is unless thee has (ome a
te.t that has made an e.(e"tion of the 'eneal e+iden(es and in this (ase thee ae
absolutely none)
And hee is an im"otant "oint that i want to mention) *he o"inion of a((e"tin' the
testimony of one witness fo the 5ilaal of $amadhaan makes it ne(essay to beak
the fast at the end of the month based on this oi'inal si'htin' i)e) 4H o 6D days afte
it) *his means that in this (ase the a((e"tan(e of the witness of this one "eson fo
the affimation of the month of Shawaal)
?ith that it is a""aent that the fou Imaams ha+e made a mistake in sti"ulatin' two
witnesses fo the endin' of the fast and that Abi *hau and his 'ou" who made both
si'htin's e,ui+alent to ea(h othe the (oe(t o"inion in this issue)
As fo the ban(hes mentioned ealie in this dis(ussion elated to the fee "eson
and sla+e# the male and female o one whos mind is (louded# all of these ha+e to
"la(e hee o any daleel (e+iden(e) to su""ot them) As fo the sla+e then in todays
eality he does not e.ist so we will not busy ousel+es with him) As fo the male and
female then the -ust:eliable one fom them is a((e"ted as witness be(ause -usti(e is
not esti(ted to eithe male o female in Islaam) If e+iden(es ha+e mention two men
o man and two women then they ae esti(ted to the sub-e(t aeas they ha+e (ome
to addess and (annot be 'enealised beyond them)
!.ta Issue/
It is known that the State# o the 2haleefah o whoe+e has been dele'ated e(ei+es
those who ha+e si'hted the new moons and then he makes a 'eneal de(laation to
the whole "eo"le about the be'innin' of $amadhaan and its end) 5e does this afte
(he(kin' the eliability of those who ha+e witnessed it and the ,uestion aise hee/ If
one "eson was to see the new moon of amadhaan o shawaal# testified in font of
the 2haleefah o a de"uty to him that he had seen it) And then his wod was not
a((e"ted and his testimony e-e(ted# then in this (ase does he sti(k to what he saw
and be'in fast alone o beak fast alone o is he bound by the ode of the
2haleefah@
Anothe ,uestion aises# maybe the one who" saw is fa fom the 2haleefah o his
de"uty in ode to as(etain his testimony# then in this (ase is he bound by his own
si'htin' o by the de(laation of the 2haleefah@
*he fou Imaams obli'ed the fast on the indi+idual thou'h the si'htin' of the 5ilaal
of $amadhaan and they diffeed in the si'htin' of the 5ilaal of Ash Shawaal) Abu
5aneefah# Maalik and Ahmad held the o"inion of (ontinuin' the fast and not makin'
Iftaa thou'h seein' the 5ilaal of Shawaal himself) *he Shaafiiya said and it is also
one +iew attibuted to the Maalikiyah that/ *hat the beakin' of fast is in a((odan(e
to the hadeeth And do not make Iftaa until you ha+e seen it but he should (on(eal it
so that he is not a((used (of makin' fitnah et())))) In elation to this I say the
followin'#) And Allah (swt) is the one who e(on(iles the (oe(t answe/
?hat the fou Imaams ha+e said about the obli'ation of fastin' on the indi+idual (who
saw it) is (oe(t and it is what the o"inion is s"e(ified with) Fastin' the last day of
Shabaan is "emitted by the Shaa and what has been naated about fobiddin'
ad+an(in' u"on $amadhaan then all of that die(ts to a dislike as shall be mentioned
late) *hen in this (ase it is obli'atoy on the one who saw the moon to be'in his fast
as the waa-ib has "e(eden(e o+e the Makooh (disliked a(tion)) It be(ame
obli'atoy on the one who saw the 5ilaal as the Messen'e (saw) said Fast at its
si'ht to be'in his fast be(ause the si'htin' has ha""ened u"on him) Abdullah ibn
Abi Moosa said/ And I asked he (Aisha (ah) about the day in whi(h thee was
diffeen(e o+e $amadhaan) She said/ *o fast a day of Shabaan is moe belo+ed to
me than beakin' a fast (eatin') on a day of $amadhaan) 5e said/ So I went out and
asked Ibn Uma and Abi 5uaiah and both of them said/ *he wi+es of the 9o"het
(saw) ae moe knowled'eable about that than me 8aated by Ahmad (4;7;B) #
Saeed bin Mansoo and Al <ayha,i) Al 5aithami said/ *he $i-aal (men:naatos) of
Ahmad ae $i-aaal of Saheeh)
As fo the indi+idual Iftaa based on the si'htin' of the moon of Shawaal then this is
not "emissible) *his is what Abu 5aneefah# Maalik and Ahmad ae u"on) *his is
be(ause the Iftaa (endin' of fast) means the be'innin' of Shawaal and this means
the &ay of !id al Fit and it is the ole of Al &awlah Al 2hilaafah to s"e(ify this and it
is not the i'ht of the indi+idual) *his is due to the fa(t that all ituals of the deen
elated to the Jamaaah as a Jamaaah ((olle(ti+e body) ae the es"onsibility of the
2haleefah alone to ode# o'anise and s"e(ify its timin') It is not the i'ht of an
indi+idual o a (olle(tion of indi+iduals to undetake this es"onsibility fo themsel+es
othewise it would (ause fi(tions with the Jamaaah whi(h is 5aaam and not
allowed)
So the indi+idual is not allowed to do !id a((e"t the !id that is announ(ed by Ad
&awlah Al 2hilaafah so it is not allowed fo an indi+idual to announ(e Iftaa (the
endin' of fast) o s"e(ify the day of !id) It is obli'atoy on hiom to efain fom eatin'
and (ontinue with his fast with Jamaaah of the muslims)
Indeed it (ame in the 5adeeth that we looked out a little time a'o whi(h was elated
by $abiy/ *wo aabs (ame and boe witness to Laa Ilaaha illa Allah and that they
had seen the 5ilaal the day befoe so he (saw) odeed them so they boke thei
fast) Also in anothe hadeeth that we e(ently mentioned naated by Abu Umai bin
Anas $ides (ame fom the othe side of the i+e who testified to the 9o"het (saw)
that they had seen the moon the "e+ious ni'ht and so the Messen'e of Allah (saw)
odeed them (the muslims) to beak thei fast) And like these two the 5adeeth of
Anas that (ame afte them in ou dis(ussion) So it (an be seen fom the 5adeeth that
the two Aabs ins"ite of ha+in' seen the 5ilaal (the 5ilaal of !id) the ni'ht befoe
(ontinued with thei fastin' until they had been told by the Messen'e (saw) of Allah
to beak thei fast) *he ides in the se(ond hadeeth also emained fastin' des"ite
ha+in' seen the 5ilaal of Shawaal (the 5ilaal of !id) until the end of the day when the
Messen'e (saw) (ommanded them to beak thei fast) *he simila to this is e+ident
in the 5adeeth of Anas) All of this indi(ates that the announ(ement o de(lain' of
the time fo Iftaa (end of fast) is the wok and es"onsibility of the &awla (state) and
that it is not the i'ht of any one to make Iftaa befoe that announ(ement) So fom
this the o"inion of the o"inion of the thee Imaams is (oe(t and the o"inion of
Imaam Shaafi is in(oe(t) *he (on(lusion to this is that the indi+idual fasts with his
own witness but does not beak his fast e.(e"t with the (ommand of the &awlah
(state))
9at %ne
Fastin' of $amadhaan E Geneal $ules/
Sawm lin'uisti(ally means efainin'# silen(e# sus"ension and what is in(luded in its
meanin's) Sawm has been mentioned with this meanin' in Allahs (swt) noble book)
Allah (swt) says/
J

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LLSo eat and dink and be 'lad) And if you see any human bein'# say/ Meily# I ha+e
+owed a fast unto the Most Ga(ious so I shall not s"eak to any human bein' this
dayNN (Suah Mayam Ayah 4=)
As fo As-Sawm in the shaeeah teminolo'y# it is efainin' fom those thin's that
beak the fast and they ae/ food# dink# se.ual elations# e.(ess wate thou'h
mouth:nose and +omitin'# with the intention of 'ettin' (lose to Allah (swt) fom Fa-
of a day until its Ma'hib) *his Shaeeah meanin' of fastin' has been mentioned in
numeous noble ayaat and thee is no need to bin' them u" hee as they ae well
known amon'st "eo"le who ae knowled'eable of them)
*he Meits of As Sawm/
*hee ae many Ahaadeeth that mention the meit of Fastin' of whi(h I will mention
some/
8aated fom Abu 5uaiah (a) that the 9o"het (saw) said/
00) LAllah (swt) said/ !+ey a(tion of ibn Aadam (man) is fo himself e.(e"t fo
Fastin' whi(h is fo me and I will ewad fo it) Fastin' is a Shield (fom
hellfie)) So# the fastin' "eson should a+oid all se.ual elations# he should
not beha+e foolishly# and if someone insults him o fi'hts with him then he
should say/ I am a fastin' "eson) And by 5im in whose hand is my soul the
smell (omin' fom the mouth of the fastin' "eson is bette with Allah than the
smell of Musk) *he one fastin' has two -oys# one when he beaks his fast and
when he meets his $abb he will feel the -oy fo his fastin'N
8aated by Imaam Al <ukhaai (0HD7) and Muslim# 8isaai# Ibn Maa-ah and
Ahmad)
Also fom Abu 5uaiah (a) that the 9o"het (saw) said/
LAou Lod *abaaak wa taaalaa said/ !+ey a(tion is 2afaaah (e."iation)
e.(e"t fo fastin'# be(ause it is fo me and I will ewad fo it)))N
8aated by Abu &aawud At *ayaalissy (47B;) and Ahmad)
And fom Abu 5uaiah (a) that the 9o"het (saw) said/
L!+ey one of the sons of Adams a(tions is multi"lies# a 'ood a(tion will
ha+e ten of its like o u" to se+en hunded times and Allah A33a wa Jalla
says/ !.(e"t fastin' be(ause it belon's to me# and I ewad it)))N
8aated by Muslim (4>D>)# An 8isaai# Ad &aaami and <ayha,i) Ahmad
(H>04) and Ibn Ma-ah naated it with the followin' wods/
L !+ey one of the sons of Adams a(tions is multi"lies# a 'ood a(tion will
ha+e ten of its like o u" to se+en hunded times to what Allah wills# Allah
A33a wa Jalla says/ !.(e"t fo fastin'# it is fo me and I will ewad fo it)))N
*he addition is to what Allah wills)
04) %n the authoity of Sahl bin Sad (a) that the 9o"het (saw) said/
L*hee is a 'ate in Jannah (alled A-$aiyaan and those who obse+e fast will
ente it on the &ay of Jud'ement and none will ente fom it e.(e"t them) It
will be said ?hee ae those who use to obse+e Saum@ *hey will 'et u"
and none e.(e"t them will ente it and afte they ha+e enteed it will be lo(ked
and no one else we be able to ente thou'h itN)
8aated by <uhkaai (0BH=) and Muslim and 8isaai)
Ibn Maa-ah (0=7D) and *imidhi naated it as followin'/
L So those who wee fom amon'st the Saaimeen (fastes) will ente# and
whoe+e has done will ne+e feel the ,uen(h of thist a'ainN)
06) %n the authoity of Abdullah Ibn Masood (a) that he said that the 9o"het
(saw) said/
L5e who (an affod to may should do so be(ause it will hel" him to lowe
his 'a3e and sa+e his "i+ate "ats) And whoe+e (annot may then he
should fast as it will diminish his desie (wi-aaa)N
Al <ukhaai (0HD;)# Muslim# &aawud# 8isaai and *imidhi) ?i-aaa means to
"ut "essue on the testi(les o its +eins so as to (ut the desie)
07) %n the authoity of 5udhayfah bin Al Aaman (a) that he head the 9o"het
(saw) sayin'/
L*he Fitnah (affli(tion) of a man is in his family# money and nei'hbous and
As Salaah# As Saum and As Sada,ah ae e."iation fo themN )
Al <ukhaai (0BH;) and Muslim)
Ibn Abi Shaibah (;H;/B) e"oted it with this wodin'/
L*he Fitnah of a man is in his family# his money# his own self and his
nei'hbou and fastin'# sada,ah and odein' the i'ht and fobiddin' the
won' ae e."iation fo themN)
And also fom 5udhaifah (a) fom the 9o"het (saw)/
L?ho ends his final day (of life) and he fasted will ente JannahN)
8aated by Al <a33aa (0D6B) and Ahmed and Al 5aythami said that its
"eo"le (naatos) ae tustwothy)
0;) %n the authoity of Abdullah Ibn Uma (ah) that the Messen'e (saw) said/
LFastin' and the 1uan will inte(ede fo the se+ant on the &ay of Jud'ment)
Fastin' will say/ <y my $abb# I "e+ented him fom food and desies duin'
the day so let me inte(ede fo him and the 1uan will say/ I "e+ented his
slee" at ni'ht so let me inte(ede fo him# *heefoe they will both inte(edeN)
8aated by Ahmad (==4=) and its sanad ((hain) is 5asan) *abaaani also
naated it in his Al Mu-am Al 2abee and Al 5aakim naated it and +eified
its soundness)
0=) %n the authoity of Abu Umaamah (a) who said/
LI (ame to the Messen'e (saw) so I said/ Fommand me with an a(tion
whi(h will (ause me to ente Al Jannah) 5e (saw) said/ Alayka bis Saum
(Fast)# be(ause thee is nothin' e,ual to it) I (ame to him a se(ond time and
he said (a'ain)/Alayka bis Siyaam (Fast)N)
8aated by Ahmad (44;D0) and 8isaai# ibn 5ibbaan# ibn 2hu3aimah# Ibn Abi
Shaybah# and *abaaani in Al Mu-am Al 2abee) And in anothe +esion fom
Ibn 5ibbaan (674;) and 8isaaai (Alayka bi sAum fa laa mithla lahu)))) Fast as
thee is nothin' (om"aable to it) 5ee mithla is used instead of idla in the
"e+ious +esion to mean the like of:e,ual to)
0>) %n the authoity of Abu 5uaiah (a) who said that the Messen'e (saw) said/
L *hee ae thee whose e,uests (duaa) will not be tuned down/ *he -ust
ule# the one who fasts until he beaks it and the one who is o""essed) Allah
(swt) will aise them on the &ay of Jud'ement without (al 'humaam) (louds
and the doos of the hea+ens (skies) will be o"ened fo them and 5e will say/
?ith my I33a ('loy) I 'a+e you +i(toy e+en if it was afte a whileN)
8aated by Ibn Maa-ah (0>;4))
Al Gumaam has the same meanin' as mentioned in the followin' Ayaat as
Allah (swt) states/
,

/ ( 0+ 1

And (emembe) the day that the 5ea+en will be ent asunde by (louds)) (Al
Fu,aan/ 4;)
,

/ 2
3

-6

"

7 8

9 8':

2;
&o they then wait fo anythin' othe than that Allah (swt) should (ome to them
in the shadows of the (louds (Al <a,aah/ 40D))
0B) %n the authoity of %thmaan ibn Abi Aas (a) that he said/ I head the
Messen'e of Allah (saw) sayin'/
LSawm (fastin') is a shield ("ote(tion) fom the fie -ust like the shield of one
of you ("ote(ts you) in battleN)
8aated by 8isaai (4460)# Ibn Maa-ah# Ahmad# Ibn 5ibbaan and Ibn Abi
Shaybah)
0H) %n the authoity of -aabi ibn Abdillah (a) that the Messen'e of Allah (saw)
said/
L %u $abb A33a wa Jalla said/ Fastin' is a shield (Junnah) the se+ent
seeks to shield himself with it fom the 8aa (fie) and it (fastin') is fo me#
and I will ewad:e(om"ense fo itN)
8aated by Ahmad (07>47) with a sanad ((hain) whi(h is Jayyid ('ood) and
also naated by Al <ayha,i)
4D) %n the authoity of Abi Ubaidah (a) who said that he head the Messen'e of
Allah (saw) say/
LFastin' is a shield fo the one who does not +iolate it)))N
Ahmad (0=HD:0>DD)
In a +esion of ad &aaami (0>66)/
LFastin' is a shield fo the one who does not +iolate it# Abu Muhammad said#
*his means al Gheeba (ba(k-bitin'))
*abaaani naated it in Al Mu-am Al Awsat (7;66) fom Abi 5uaiah (a))
So how noble ae the Fadaail (meits) of the Ibaadah of Fastin') Fastin' is a shield#
i)e) a 'uad and "ote(tion) It is a blo(ke of desies when one (annot may and it
e."iates the sins in the time of affli(tion) It inte(edes on behalf of its maste on the
&ay of Jud'ement and fo those who fast belon's the 'ate of A $ayyaan# the one
who entes fom it will ne+e e."eien(e thist a'ain) It is suffi(ient alone to look at
what (ame in the 5adeeth#
!+ey one of the sons of Adams a(tions is multi"lies# a 'ood a(tion will ha+e ten of
its like o u" to se+en hunded times to what Allah wills# Allah A33a wa Jalla says/
!.(e"t fo fastin'# it is fo me and I will ewad fo it)
If thee wee no othe ahaadeeth mentionin' the meits of fastin' then this would
ha+e been enou'h) It is tue that thee is no a(t e,ual to o like that of fastin' as
mentioned in the si.th hadeeth and the only esult of this a(t is entein' into Jannah
as it (ame in the hadeeth e"oted by 5udhaifah (a) and found with al <a33aa and
Ahmad) Also as mentioned in the se+enth hadeethO it is the dese+ed i'ht of the
faste to be honoued by Allah (swt) and ha+e his dua es"onded to and answeed)
*he meits of $amadhaan/
In elation to the meits of $amadhaan the followin' ahaadeeth ha+e been elated/
>) %n the authoity of Abu 5uaiah (a) that the 9o"het (saw) use to say/
L*he fi+e "ayes# and fom one Jumuah to the ne.t# and one $amadhaan to
the ne.t (ount as a an e."iation fo all that is between them if the 2abaai
(ma-o sins) ae a+oidedN)
Imaam Muslim (;;4)# Ahmad and Al <ukhaai in his At *aeekh Al 2abee)
B) And also fom him (a) that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LShame:"ity (a'hima Anf) on the man who when I am mentioned does not
"ay on me and "ity on the man who entes into $amadhaan and does not
ha+e all of his sins fo'i+en befoe its "assin' and "ity on the man who when
his "aents ea(h an old a'e and they dont (ause him to ente Jannah
(be(ause of his 'ood teatment of them) $abiy said/ I dont know it (the
hadeeth) e.(e"t that he said/ o one of the two ("aents)N)
Imaam Ahmad (>777)# *imidhi# Ibn 2hu3aimah# al 5aakim) Its Isnaad ((hain)
is -ayyid ('ood))
H) Fom Abu 5uaiah (a) that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
L?hen $amadhaan be'ins the doos to Jannah ae o"ened and those of
Jahannam ae lo(ked and the Shayateen ae (hained u"N)
Al <ukhaai (0BHH)# Muslim# An 8isaai# Ahmad# Ibn 5ibbaan# Ad &aaami
with diffeen(es in some wods)
0D) Fom Abu 5uaiah (a) that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
L?hoe+e fasts $amadhaan with Imaan and Ihtisaab (e."e(tin' ewad fom
Allah) then all of his "e+ious sins will be fo'i+enN)
Al <ukhaai (6B) 8isaai# Ibn Maa-ah# Ahmad# Ibn 5ibbaan# and Ahmad (BHBH)
and 8isaai in a se(ond +esion statin' all of his "e+ious and foth(omin'
sins will be fo'i+en) Al Mundhii said the Isnaad is 5asan buy 5amaad had
doubt in its (onne(tion o that the addition to the 5adeeth only 'oes ba(k to
one link in the (hain fom 1ateebah bin Saeed fom Sufyaan)
00) Fom ibn Abbaas (ah) that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
L*he "efoman(e of Umah in $amadhaan is e,ual to 5a--N)
Ibn Maa-ah (4HH7)# 8isaai# Ahmad) Ibn Maa-ah (4HH0)# Ahmad and *imidhi
naated the 5adeeth with the same wodin' fom ?ahab bin 2hanbash)
Ahmad (07B;;) and Ibn Maa-ah also naated it fom Jaabi (a)) Al <ukhaai
(0B=6) naated fom Jaabi (a) and Muslim and Abu &aawud with the
wodin'O Meily Umah in $amadhaan is like 5a-- o 5a-- with meN) *abaaani
in his Al Mu-am Al 2abee (6=7:4;) and Abu &aawu-d# Ahmad on the
authoity of Mu,al (a) (she) said/ LI ha+e be(ome old and si(k) Is thee an
a(tion that (an e(om"ense me fo my 5a--@ 5e (saw) said/ Umah in
$amadhaan will e(om"ense fo it)N
04) Fom Abu 5uaiah (a) that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
L%n the fist ni'ht of $amadhaan the Shayaateen ae tied u" and (maadatul)
Jinn# the doos to the fie (hell) ae lo(ked so that not one of its doos will be
o"ened) *he doos to Jannah will be o"ened and not one of its doos will be
(losed) A (alle will (all %h desie of Good (A,bil) "o(eedC ((ome fowad)
and %h desie of e+il (A,si) fall behindC And to Allah (swt) belon's those
who ae feed:sa+ed fom the fie) *his will ha""en in e+ey ni'ht (of
$amadhaan)N)
Ibn Maa-ah (0=74)# Ibn 5ibbaan and <ayha,i) Al 5aakim naated it and
+eified its soundness (saheeh) and adh &hahabi a'eed) Ibn 2hu3aimah
(0BB6) naated it with a sli'ht diffeen(e and *abaaani in Al Mu-am al
2abee (0;B=) an 8isaai naated simila to it e.(e"t on the way of Utbah bin
Fa,ad (a))
*he si'nifi(an(e of the abo+e ahaadeeth ae (lea and do not e,uie futhe
e."lanation) If I add the ahaadeeth elated to the meits of fastin' in a (om"lete
manne to this to"i( then the meits of both fastin' and $amadhaan (ombined (an be
e+ealed in a "efe(t way) Ibn Abbaas (ah) said/ *he Messen'e of Allah (saw) was
the +ey best (most 'eneous) of "eo"le# and he was at his best in $amadhaan when
he would meet with Jibeel (ha) and he would meet Jibeel e+ey ni'ht and would 'o
o+e (e+ise) the 1uan) *he messen'e (saw) was e+en bette in bin'in' Al 2hai
('oodness) than the fai winds) (al <ukhaai (=)# Muslim# 8isaai# *imidhi# Ahmad
and Ibn 5ibbaan))
?hen was the obli'atoy fast been le'islated@
*he Fu,ahaa and Ulamaa diffeed in s"e(ifyin' the fist obli'atoy fast on the
Muslims) *he Ahnaaf (5anafi S(hool) and Ibn 5a-a fom the Shaafieen say that the
fist obli'atoy fast was the day of Aashooaa) *he Ahnaaf also said thee days of
e+ey month whi(h they said was abo'ated with the le'islation of $amadhaan whee
the fastin' "eson would efain fom afte salaatul Ishaa until the sun sets (Ma'hib)
whi(h was then abo'ated by the statement of Allah (swt)/
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LLIt is made lawful fo you to ha+e se.ual elations with you wi+es on the ni'ht od
As-Sawm) *hey ae libas (i)e body (o+e# s(een# o Sakan (i)e) you may en-oy
"leasue of li+in' with them)) and you ae the same fo them) Allah knows that you
used to de(ei+e yousel+es# so 5e tuned to you and fo'a+e you) So now ha+e
se.ual elations with them and seek that whi(h Allah has odained fo you and eat
and dink until the white thead (li'ht) of dawn a""eas to you distin(t fom the bla(k
thead (dakness of ni'ht)# then (om"lete you fast until the ni'htfall)))NN Suah Al
<a,aah 0B>
*hey also used the followin' Ahaadeeth to su""ot thei +iew/
>) Fom Abdu $ahman bin Abi Laylaa fom Muaadth bin Jabal (a) who said/
L *he Salaah went thou'h thee sta'es -ust like fastin' went thou'h thee)
So he mentioned the 5adeeth until he said# As fo the sta'es of fastin'#
when the Messen'e of Allah (saw) (ame to Al Madinah he made fastin'
thee days of e+ey month and he said in addition/ fo nineteen months fom
$abeeul Awwal until $amadhaan# fastin' was thee days a month and the
day of Ashooaa) *hen Allah (swt) obli'ated fastin' u"on him when Allah
(swt) e+ealed/ LL% Aou who belie+e fastin' has been "es(ibed fo you as it
was fo those befoe you)))NN until the ayah LL)))as fo those who find
diffi(ulty they ha+e a (hoi(e to feed a miskeen ("oo "eson)NN 5e said/ So
whoe+e wished to fast would do so and whoe+e wished to feed the "oo
would do so that would be "atitioned fom him) 5e said/ *hen Allah (swt)
e+ealed anothe ayaatO LL*he month of $amadhaan in whi(h was e+ealed
the 1uan))))NN until 5is statement LL))))theefoe whosoe+e witnesses the
month should fast)))N5e said/ So Allah (swt) "la(ed fastin' on a fim standin'
(obli'ed it) and 'a+e a ukhsa ("emission:lenien(e) to the si(k and ta+ellin'
and allowed the old who is unable to fast to 'i+e to the miskeen) *hese two
e"esent two sta'es# he said/ So they ate and dank and they a""oa(hed
thei wi+es befoe slee"in' but not afte slee"in') 5e said/ *hen thee was a
man fom the Ansaa (alled Sima who emained fastin' until the e+enin'
then he would 'o home to his family# "ay Ishaa and then 'o to slee") 5e did
not eat o dink until he woke in the monin' and emained in the state of
fastin') 5e said/ *he Messen'e of Allah (saw) saw him and he had
e."ended a 'eat deal of effot) 5e (saw) said/ ?hats this# I ha+e seen that
you ha+e indeed e.eted a 'eat deal of effot@ 5e e"lied/ I did yesteday# I
(ame who when I did# I thow myself down so I sle"t and I awoke when I
awoke and was (still) fastin') 5e (Muaadh) said/ Uma had had elations with
one of the women (sla+e o fee) afte slee"in' so he a""oa(hed the
Messen'e and infomed him of it and Allah (swt) e+ealed/ LL It is 5alaal fo
you o the ni'ht of fastin' to ha+e se.ual elations with you women)))NN until
5is (swt) sayin' LL)))So (om"lete the fastin' until the ni'ht)))NN 5e added/
So he fasted 0H months fom $abeeul Awwal until $amadhaanN)
Imaam Ahmad (447>;# Abu &aawud# Al <ayha,i and Ahmad and Muslim
naated a simila hadeeth on the authoity of Abdullah ibn Masood)
B) %n the authoity of 8aafi fom (Abdullah) Ibn Uma (a) who said/
LL*he 9o"het obse+ed the fast on the 0D
th
of Muhaam (PAshua)# and
odeed (Muslims) to fast on that day# but when the fastin' of the month of
$amadan was "es(ibed# the fastin' of the PAshuaP was abandoned)
Abdullah did not use to fast on that day unless it (oin(ided with his outine
fastin' by (han(eNN)
8aated by al <ukhaai (0BH4)# Muslim# Ahmad and <ayha,i) It also (ame in
a diffeent fom in al <ukhaai (7;D0)# Muslim# Abi &aawud and Ahmad LL*he
"eo"le of Jaahiliyah ("e-Islaam) used to fast the day of Ashua) ?hen
$amadhaan was e+ealed whoe+e wished to fast would so so and whoe+e
wished not to would efainNN)
H) %n the authoity of Aisha (ah) who said/
LL*he 1uaysh used to fast the day of Ashua (0D
th
Muhaam) in Jaahiliyah
and then the Messen'e of Allah (saw) odeed its fastin' until the time that
$amadhaan was made obli'atoy) *he Messen'e (saw) said then that
whoe+e wished to fast (ould do so and whoe+e wished to (ould beak itNN)
Al <ukhaai (0BH6)# Muslim# Abu &aawud# 8isaai and at *imidhi) <ukhaai
(7;D7)# Muslim# Abu &aawud# an 8isaai# at *imidhi# Maalik# Ahmad and ad
&aaami also naated on the authoity of Aisha (a) that she said/ LL *he
1uaysh used to fast the day of Ashua in Jaahiliyah and the 9o"het (saw)
used to fast it) ?hen he ai+ed in al Madinah he fasted it and odeed its
fastin') ?hen $amadhaan was e+ealed it be(ame an obli'ation and Ashua
was left so whoe+e wanted to fast it did so and whoe+e did not want to (ould
abstainNN)
0D) %n the authoity of Al,amah fom Abdullah ibn Masood (a) who said/
*hat AlQAshPath enteed u"on him while he was eatin') AlQAshPath said#
R*oday is PAshua)R I said (to him)# RFastin' had been obse+ed (on su(h a
day) befoe (the ode of (om"ulsoy fastin' in) $amadan was e+ealed) <ut
when (the ode of fastin' in) $amadan was e+ealed# fastin' (onPAshuaP)
was 'i+en u"# so (ome and eat)R
Al <ukhaai (7;D6)# Muslim# Ahmad and al <ayha,i)
00) %n the authoity of A $ubayyi bint Muawidh who said/
*he 9o"het sent a messen'e to the +illa'e of the Ansa in the monin' of
the day of PAshuaP (0Dth of Muhaam) to announ(e/ P?hoe+e has eaten
somethin' should not eat but (om"lete the fast# and whoe+e is obse+in' the
fast should (om"lete it) She futhe said# SSin(e then we used to fast on that
day e'ulaly and also make ou boys fast) ?e used to make toys of wool fo
the boys and if anyone of them (ied# he was 'i+en those toys till it was the
time of the beakin' of the fast)R
Al <ukhaai (0H=D)# Muslim# Ibn 2hu3aimah# Ibn 5ibbaan and al <ayha,i)
04) Salamah bin Al Akwa (a) naated that/
LL*he 9o"het (saw) sent a man (allin' to "eo"le on the day of Ashua/
?hoe+e has eaten should fast the est of the day and whoe+e has not eaten
should not eat (i)e) (om"lete the fast)NN)
Al <ukhaai (0H47)# Muslim# An 8isaai# Ahmad# Ibn 5ibbaan and ad &aaami)
*he ma-oity of Ulamaa in(ludin' the most well known of the Shafiiyyah o"inions ae
of the +iew that no fast was obli'ated u"on the Muslims befoe the fastin' of
$amadhaan was e+ealed) *hey use as an e+iden(e to su""ot thei +iew what was
naated by 5umaid bin Abdi $ahmaan fom Muaawiyah bin Abi Sufyaan (ah)
when he stood on the Minba on the day of Ashua in the yea of 5a-- statin'/ %
9eo"le of Al MadeenahC ?hee ae you Ulamaa (s(holas)@ I head the Messen'e
of Allah (saw) sayin'/ *his is the day of Ashua# Allah (swt) did not "es(ibe its
fastin' but I am fastin' so whoe+e wishes to (an do so and whoe+e does not wish
to then it is u" to him) Al <ukhaai (4DD6)# Muslim# an 8isaai and Ibn 5ibbaan)
Ahmed bin 5anbal naated (0=HH4) in the wodin'# L*his is the day of Ashua#
fastin' was not "es(ibed on us so whoe+e wishes to fast (an do so and I am
fastin') So the "eo"le fasted)N
In li'ht of all of the abo+e we say the followin'/
In elation to hadeeth numbe 0 naated by Ahmad fom Muaadh (a)# it (ontains a
beak in tansmission between Abdu $ahmaan ibn Abi Layla and Muaadh) *his is
be(ause Abdu $ahmaan did not (ome into (onta(t with Muaadh like some
Muhadditheen had mentioned and theefoe the hadeeth is Mun,ati (has a link
missin' in the (hain of naatos)) *he (hain is theefoe e-e(ted and theefoe so is
the +iew of the Ahnaaf e'adin' the obli'ation of fastin' thee days befoe the month
of $amadhaan) 8ow we will be'in the dis(ussion of the Saheeh ahaadeeth/
*he Ayah (4/0B>) does not (ontain any mention of the obli'ation of any fastin' u"on
the Muslims befoe $amadhaan and theefoe this ayah is not (oe(t to be used as
e+iden(e in this to"i(:issue) As fo the 5adeeth of ibn Uma and that of Aisha
e(oded by Al <ukhaai# the wodin's ha+e (ome with one indi(ation (meanin')# that
the Messen'e of Allah (saw) odeed the fastin' of Ashua befoe the obli'ation of
$amadhaan and did not ode it afte) *his ode (om"ises an e+iden(e that the
fastin' of Ashua was an obli'ation on the Muslims fo those who say and ado"t the
o"inion that the (ommand is waa-ib (obli'atoy))
?e say to them that we do not (on(u o affim that the Am (ode) indi(ates wu-oob
(obli'ation) but we +iew that the (ommand (am) only establishes a e,uest (talab)) It
is the ,aaain (indi(ations) that establish:define the fom of e,uest and if it is waa-ib
(obli'atoy)# Mandoob (e(ommended) o e+en Mubaah ("emissible)) So the
Messen'e (saw) odeed (e,uested) the fastin' of Ashua# without a ,aeenah
(indi(ation:linka'e) of obli'ation and this theefoe does not lead to the fast of Ashua
bein' obli'atoy (waa-ib)) In addition to those who ha+e stated its obli'ation we say/
Aou ("lual) do not say what you say in absolute tems but only say that the ode
im"lies obli'ation e.(e"t if a ,aeenah (han'es its state to indi(ate that it is
e(ommended fo instan(e) *hen (it should be asked) ha+e you not sea(hed o
looked fo a ,aeenah (in the te.ts) be(ause it is ((lealy) "esent in the te.ts in a
way that (annot be hidden fom any Fa,eeh@C
*he 5adeeth of Muaawiyah naated by al <ukhaai and Imam Ahmad a(ts as a
(lea 1aeenah (indi(ation) that shifts the (ommand (am) of *he noble "o"het to
that of nadb (e(ommendation)) 5is (saw) statement/ SAllah (swt) did not obli'ate
fastin' on you but I am fastin'T o when he said SIts fastin' was not obli'ed u"on us
so whoe+e wishes to fast amon'st you then do soT a(t as a 1aeenah that the noble
9o"hets ode (am) to fast the day of Ashua was of the e(ommended ty"e and
not obli'atoy) As fo it not bein' obli'atoy then this is (lea fom the Mantoo,
(s"oken meanin') and as fo it bein' e(ommended this is be(ause the Messen'e
(saw) said to the Muslims SI am fastin'T and he said to them so whoe+e wishes to
fast fom you then do so (fal yasum)T) 5is announ(ement that he was fastin'# his
tellin' (odein') those who wished to fast to do so and be(ause the fast is an a(t of
Ibaadah that bin's you (lose to Allah (swt) all e"esent a ,aeenah and e+iden(e
that the fast of Ashua is e(ommended)
As fo elyin' on the hadeeth of A-$ubayyi naated by Al <ukhaai and the hadeeth
fom Salamah bin Al Akwa also fom <ukhaai# I say/ *he laf3h (wodin') in tems of
e+idential meanin' (dalaalah) is one# the fist hadeeth says/ S?hoe+e wakes u"
beakin' his fast should (om"lete the est of the day and the one who wakes fastin'
should emain soT and the se(ond hadeeth states/ S?hoe+e has eaten should then
(om"lete:fast (fom that time) and the one who hasnt eaten should not do so (i)e)
(om"lete his fast)T) *hese two e+iden(es do not (ome in a way that obli'ates the fast
neithe in Mantoo, (meanin' of wods) o Mafhoom (wide undestandin')) In tems
of the Mantoo, this is (lea) As fo the MafhoomO then the Messen'e (saw) when he
odes with an obli'ation (waa-ib) then he also 'uides us to how we should "efom it)
Likewise when we ae odeed with a e(ommended a(t it is e."lained how it should
be "efomed) *he mentionin' of how to "efom the a(t is not howe+e an indi(ation
to whethe an a(tion is obli'atoy o e(ommended but athe follows the oi'in of the
ule of the a(tion) If the a(tion is obli'atoy then the manne to "efom it be(omes
atta(hed to it and is also theefoe obli'atoy and likewise the manne of "efomin' a
e(ommended a(tion follows its oi'inal ulin') *hee is no need to "o+ide e.am"les
of what we ha+e said be(ause this undestandin' is well known and dis"esed whee
no Aalim o Fa,eeh (an be hidden fom it) In the abo+e ahaadeeth it is mentioned
how to "efom the fast afte the "assin' of "at of the day howe+e this des(i"tion
of how is not at all an indi(ation of the obli'ation of this fast (Ashua))
As fo the hadeeth of Abdullah ibn Masood (a) it does not add anythin' to the
5adeeth of ibn Uma and Aisha (ah)) *he hadeeth of Muaawiyah theefoe emains
with its te.tual meanin' a stikin' e+iden(e of denyin' the obli'ation of fastin' the
day of Ashua and as su(h it is ne(essay to ely on it and lea+e the othe e+iden(es
(whi(h ha+e been used in this issue))
?e also in(line to distan(e ousel+es fom del+in' into this issue when a (lea (ut
e+iden(e (an be found in the noble book of Allah (swt)) Allah (swt) says/
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LL % Aou who belie+e fastin' has been witten (obli'ated) fo you like it was witten
fo those befoe you so that you be(ome feaful of Allah (Mutta,i)NN (<a,aah/0B6)
If you look at the wodin' of this ayah# in 5is (swt) statement Fastin' has been
witten fo you the wod fastin' has (ome in a 'eneal (Aam) and unesti(ted
(Mutla,) way) *he undestandin' is that fastin' has be(ome obli'atoy at that time
and had fastin' been made obli'atoy befoe then why did the e."ession (wodin')
(ome in this manne) *his noble ayah (ame announ(in' the obli'ation of fastin' and
as su(h indi(ates that fastin' was not obli'atoy befoe this e+elation) *his is the fist
"oint)
Se(ondly is 5is (swt) statement )))as it was witten fo those befoe youT) 5ad fastin'
been witten fo us befoe this ayah then why does it mention like those befoe you)
*he Ayah states/ )))as it was witten fo those befoe you and not as it was
"e+iously obli'ed u"on you (like Ashua fo e.am"le)) *his is an e+ident daleel
("oof:e+iden(e) that fastin' had not been obli'ed u"on the Muslims befoe the fast
of $amadhaan) May Allah (swt) fo'i+e those that say othe than that and these
mistakes only (ome fom the Ulamaa and Fu,ahaa thou'h the esti(tion to an
e+iden(e o a few e+iden(es and lea+in' what is beside them) Its as if I-tihaad is an
issue of "uifyin' the te.ts instead of takin' the te.ts and wokin' with all of them so
that the weak e+iden(es o those that o""ose the ston' e+iden(es (an be
s(utinised and dis(aded)
8umeous hadeeth ha+e e."essed the obli'ation of fastin' in the month of
$amadhaan wheeas we ha+e not found one e+iden(e obli'atin' the fast of Ashua)
Fo e.am"le we bin' the followin' Ahaadeeth/
6) Fom *alhah bin Ubaidullah (a)/
LLAn Aab (<edouin) with dishe+elled hai (ame to the Messen'e (saw) and
said/ S% Messen'e of Allah)))*ell me what Allah (swt) has obli'ed on me in
tems of fastin'@T 5e (saw) e"lied/ S*he fast of $amadhaan# othe than that
is e(ommended:e.taTNN
Al <ukhaai (0BH0)# Muslim# Abu &aawud# An 8isaai and Ahmad)
7) Fom Ibn Uma (ah) that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LLIslaam is built u"on fi+e/ Shahaadah that thee is no Ilah e.(e"t Allah and
that Mohammad is the Messen'e of Allah# to establish the Salaah# to 'i+e
the Iakaah# 5a-- and fastin' the month of $amadhaanNN)
Al <ukhaai (B)# Muslim# An 8isaai# At *imidhi# Ahmad)
Islaam is not built u"on anythin' that is not obli'atoy and indeed Islaam is
not built e.(e"t on its Akaan ("illas))
*he Intention of the Fast/
It was the o"inion of ibn Uma and Jaabi bin Iaid (ah) fom the Sahaabah and also
the o"inion of Maalik# Al Layth and Ibn Abi dhib that it was ne(essay to make the
intention fo the fast in the "e(edin' ni'ht in any "at of it (the ni'ht)) *hee is no
diffeen(e between the obli'atoy and e(ommended fasts so the fast of $amadhaan#
the fast of an 8adh (oath:+ow)# the obli'atoy fast of 2afaaah and the
e(ommended e.ta fasts ae all the same in the es"e(t of the intention a((odin' to
this +iew) 5owe+e Imam Abu 5aneefah# Imaam ash Shaafi and Ahmad +iewed the
niyah of the "e(edin' ni'ht to be obli'atoy only fo the obli'atoy fasts and not the
su""lementay)
Is it obli'atoy to make the intention fo e+ey day of fastin' of $amadhaan as the
ma-oity ha+e stated o (an one intention (o+e the whole month of fastin' like
Maalik# Ahmad and Ishaa, ha+e "ut fowad@ Also is it (oe(t fastin' in the month of
$amadhaan in the i'ht of Al Mu,eem as Saheeh without an intention like some of
the Ahnaaf# Ataa# Mu-aahid and a3 Iuhy stated@ Is it allowed to make the intention
in the daytime of a su""lementay fast whi(h was the o"inion of Ibn Abbaas# Ibn
Masood# 5udhayfah# Abu 5uaiah# Abu ad &adaa# Abu *alha# Abu Ayoob (ah)
and Ahmad and Ash Shaafi@ Is the intention obli'atoy befoe Iawaal E befoe
Ihoh - and thee is no ewad afte that like has been e"oted fom Ali Ibn Abi
*aalib (a) and fom Abu 5aneefah and one o"inion attibuted to Ash Shaafi@ % is it
a((e"table to make the intention both befoe and afte 3hoh followin' the +iew of ibn
Abbaas# Aaisha and 5udhaifah (ah) and ash Shaafi in anothe +iew attibuted to
him@
In ode to un(o+e the tuth of these issues we need to e.amine the followin' te.ts/
>) Fom 5afsah (ah) the wife of the 9o"het (saw) that 5e (saw) said/
LL ?hoe+e has not -oined the fast befoe al Fa- then thee is no fast fo himNN)
8aated bu 2hu3aimah (0HH6)) 5e added that ibn Abdil 5akam told him that Ibn
?ahab told them the same thin'# and he added/ 5e told me that Maalik and al
Layth said the same) Ahmad# Ibn 5ibbaan# Al 5aakim and Ibn 5a3m also
naated it and +eified it as Mafoo whee An 8isaai and at *imidhy +eified it
sto""in' at 5afsah) Abd &aawud mentioned that Mama# a3 Iubaydy# Ibn
Ayyina and Aounus al Ayly sto""ed the naation at 5afsah) Ibn Maa-ah# ad
&aaamy also (lassified it as Mafou) *hee is theefoe a diffeen(e of o"inion in
elation to this 5adeeth whee some ha+e +eified it as bein' Mafou and othes
ha+e sto""ed it at 5afsah)
B) %n the authoity of Aisha (a) the Mothe of <elie+es who said/
LL *he 9o"het (saw) enteed one day and said/ 5a+e you 'ot anythin' (to
eat)@ So we said 8o) 5e said In that (ase I am 'oin' to fast) 5e (ame to us
anothe day and we said/ % Messen'e of Allah we ha+e been 'i+en a 5ays
(food) as a "esent So he said Show it to me# I stated the day fastin' and then
he ate) 8aated by Muslim (4>0;)# Abu &aawud# An 8isaai# At *imidhi and Ibn
Maa-ah) Al 5ays/ It is a food fom butte# (otta'e (heese and dates) Flou (an
e"la(e the (heese) An 8isaai (466D)# al <ayha,i and ad &aaa,utni in a (hain
that Al <ayha,i +eified as Saheeh in the followin' wodin'/ Fom Aaisha (ah)
Ummul Mumineen who said/ *he Messen'e of Allah (saw) (ame one day and
said# &o you ha+e any food@ I said 8o so he said *hen I will fast) She said/ 5e
(ame anothe time and I said/ % $asool Allah we ha+e been 'i+en 5ays so he
said# In that (ase I will beak my fast and I had been (fuidtu) fastin')
H) %n the authoity of Anas bin Maalik (a) that the 9o"het (saw) said/
LL *he fastin' "eson has a (hoi(e between it and half of the dayNN
Al <ayha,i (4>>:7)) 5e naated simila to this fom Abi Umaamah (a))
0D) Fom Ikamah about Ibn Abbaas (ah) that/
LL 5e use to be awake until 3hoh and would then say/ <y Allah I awoke and I
did not want to fast and yet I ha+ent eaten food o dank anythin' all day) I am
theefoe definitely 'oin' to fast this dayCNN
8aated by at *ahaawi in Shah maaani al aatha (;=:4))
00) Fom Abi al Ahwas fom Abdullah ibn Masood (a) who said/
?hen you wake u" then you ha+e one of two o"tions if you ha+ent eaten o
dunk anythin') If you wish you (an fast and if you wish you (an eatNN)
At *ahaawi (;=:4) in Shah al Maaani al Aatha and Al <ayha,i simila to it
(4>>:7))
04) %n the authoity of Abi Abdi $ahman
J *hat 5udhaifah be'an his fast as lon' as the sun was still "esentK
8aated by At *ahaawi in his Shah Maaani al Aatha (;=:4)# Ibn Abi Shaybah
and al <ayha,i) Abdu $a33aa, (>>BD) and Saad ibn Ubaidah said/ J5udhaifah
said/ ?hoe+e feels like fastin' afte the 3awaal of the Sun then he should:(ould
do soK)
*he thid 5adeeth fom Anas (a) (ontains in the (hain Awn bin imaaah al Anbai
and the $iwaayah (e"ot) of Abi Umaamah (a) also in(ludes him and he is weak as
al <ayha,i mentioned) *he hadeeth is theefoe e-e(ted in these two (hains:e"ots)
*he hadeeth of the mothe of belie+es 5afsah (a) is Mafou and Maw,oof and
some "eo"le (Ulamaa) ha+e a((e"ted the Mafou and othes ha+e a((e"ted the
Maw,oof) I say/ the in(ease of tust makes it a((e"table# in this (ase the 5adeeth is
Mafou to the Messen'e (saw) and it (this naation) has been a((e"ted by many
Muhadditheen) *his 5adeeth is (lea in its meanin' that it is obli'atoy to ha+e made
the intention befoe Fa- in the "e(edin' ni'ht) *he e."ession and wodin' is Aam
('eneal) fo fastin' so it a""lies in its 'eneality e.(e"t if ahaadeeth (ome to s"e(ify
it) In this (ase the two e"ots fom Aisha (a) mention that the Messen'e of Allah
(saw) had made intention fo fastin' in the day time when he did not find any food at
he house) Anothe time when he found food with he and he was in a state of fastin'
he b oke his fast and ate of the food) All of this indi(ates the "emission (-awaa3) of
makin' the intention to fast duin' the day fo those fasts that ae *attawu
(e(ommended:e.ta) be(ause this was the eality behind the hadeeth) *hese
5adeeth ae theefoe suffi(ient to fo(us the 5adeeth of 5afsah (a) to the obli'atoy
fasts)
So we say that the obli'atoy fast e,uies an intention in the ni'ht befoe and that it
is allowed to make an intention to fast the *attawu (e.ta) fasts duin' the day)
*heefoe the fist statement:o"inion e"oted fom Abdullah ibn Uma (a)# Jaabi
(a)# Maalik# Al Layth and ibn Abi dhib that the Mandoob also e,uies an intention in
the ni'ht is e-e(ted by the 5adeeth of Aisha (a)) In (ontast the o"inion of Imaam
Abi 5aneefah# Ash Shaafi and Ahmad to make the intention in the "e(edin' ni'ht
only fo the obli'atoy fasts is affimed)
As fo the emainin' e"ots 7#; and = then I say the followin'/ *hey all statements of
the As Sahaabah (ah) and the statements of the Sahaabah and thei a(tions ae not
a shaeeah e+iden(e o "oof) *hey ae Ahkaam Shaeeah whi(h ae allowed to be
ado"ted and imitated and es"e(ially if thee has not been anythin' e"oted fom
anothe Sahaabi that (ontadi(ts it) 5ee I am not awae of any naation that
(ontadi(ts with these statements:o"inions)
*he fist Atha (e"ot) e."lains how Ibn Abbaas (a) had de(ided to fast in the day
without ha+in' made an intention "e(edin' that and he hadnt yet eaten food in that
day) *he se(ond fom Ibn Masood (a) states the same as Ibn Abbaas with diffeent
wodin') 5e e."lains the "emission:allowan(e to make the intention of fastin' in the
day time as lon' as nothin' has been eaten o dunk) *he thid e"ot mentions that
5udhaifah (a) fastin' afte the 3awaal of the sun in the day meanin' that he made
his intention to fast afte Ihoh and he announ(ed this to the "eo"le) *hese thee ae
of the "ominent Sahaabah and they ha+e "emitted the intention and (on+enin' of
the fast in the day time and two of them esti(ted this to the "eson who had not
eaten o dunk) 5udhaifah (a) allowed it afte Ihoh but this e"ot has been e-e(ted
by those who ha+e +iewed it obli'atoy to (on+ene the fast befoe Ihoh and not
allowed it afte) As fo the statement and a(tion of 5udhaifah (a) its meanin' is (lea)
*he two 5adeeth of Ibn Abbaas and Ibn Masood (ah) ha+e (ome in an absolute
(Mutla,) fom without esti(tion of time) *hee is no esti(tion (ta,yeed) e.(e"t fo
the (onsum"tion of food:dink befoe the niyah and the Mutla, (unesti(ted)
(ontinues as su(h unless thee is somethin' to esti(t it) In this (ase thee is no su(h
esti(tion (i)e) befoe Ihoh o afte it)) *he 5adeeth of Aisha (ah) in its two
naations also does not (ontain any time esti(tion so the fist statement (*he
9o"het (saw) enteed my ,uates one day)))) and in the se(ond (*he 9o"het (saw)
(ame one day) both do not (ontain any indi(ation if it was the be'innin'# middle o
end of day be efeed to and as su(h the Mutla, emains in its unesti(ted fom in
the (ase)
*heefoe I say that the intention of the *attawu (non-obli'atoy) fast is "emissible
in the day# in any "at of it# e+en if it is only one hou befoe the sun 'oes down
be(ause it is not allowed to esti(t this e.(e"t with a sound e+iden(e whi(h does not
e.ist hee) *he mistake of those who made it obli'atoy befoe Ihoh has be(ome
a""aent and the o"inion of those who say that it is (oe(t befoe and afte Ihoh
has been affimed as (oe(t) *hey ae Abdullah Ibn Abbaas# Aisha# 5udhaifah (ah)
and Ash Shaafi in one of his statements)
As fo the ,uestion/ Is it obli'atoy to make an intention fo e+ey ni'ht of
$amadhaan o (an it be made on(e fo the whole month@ *he (oe(t +iew is that it
is ne(essay to make the intention e+ey ni'ht as fastin' e+ey day is an inde"endent
a(t of Ibaadah fom what was befoe o afte it) *he Iftaa se"aates e+ey fast fom
the othe at ni'ht and as lon' as e+ey day is an inde"endent a(t of Ibaadah then it is
ne(essay to ha+e an intention fo ea(h a(t to make it le'itimate) *his undestandin'
is by way of undestandin' the eality (min baab tah,ee, al manaat))
?hat emains ae the +iews of Iufa# Ataa# Mu-aahid and a3 Iuhi/ Fastin' is (oe(t
in $amadhaan in the i'ht of the Mu,eem as Saheeh (esident) without an intention)
*he o"inion of a3 Iuhi is found in the Shah Fathul 1adee of Ibn al 5imaam al
5anafi Uthe sawm of $amadhaan is "efomed without an intention is the i'ht of al
Mu,eem as Saheeh be(ause Al Imsaak (abstention fom eatin') is on him) Fom
many an'le "efomin' it means the intention falls fom himV) May Allahs (swt)
fo'i+eness be on Iufa and whoe+e said what he said) It is as if they did not know
that e+ey a(t of Ibaadah e,uies an intention) &id they not hea the s"ee(h of the
9o"het (saw) when 5e said naated by Uma (a) (Meily the a(tions ae only by
thei intention) Al <ukhaai# (0:==BH) and Muslim@ So how (an they say fom any
an'le that by "efomin' the a(tion the intention falls fom him@ Meanin' fo instan(e
that if he efained fom food with the intention of losin' wei'ht (dietin') that his
a(tion would be (onsideed a le'itimate a(t of Ibaadah@ And what is the easonin'
fo addin' the (onstaint ( the ha,, (i'ht) of the Mu,eem as Saheeh (esident))@
&oes that mean that the ta+elle and si(k "eson e,uie an intention whilst the
esident does not@ *his o"inion has ea(hed su(h a le+el of weakness that it does
not e,uie any futhe e'ad)
Fast at its sight and break fast at its sight:
At *imidhi said/
(?okin' on this hadeeth E and the hadeeth of Ibn Abbaas shall be mentioned late E
that most of the "eo"le of knowled'e ha+e said/ *he witness (Shahaadah) of one
"eson is a((e"ted fo fastin' and this is what Ibn ul Mubaaak# Ash Shaafi and
Ahmad ha+e said) Ishaa, said/ *hat thee is no fast e.(e"t with two men (as
witnesses)) And the "eo"le of knowled'e ha+e not dis"uited that it e,uies the
witness of two men fo the beakin' of fast (Iftaa at end of $amadhaan)))
Al 2hitaabi said/ I do not know any diffeen(e in o"inion e'adin' the suffi(ien(y of
two -ust:eliable men to" bea witness to the si'htin' of the new moon of Shawaal)
*he only diffeen(e is in elation to the witness (Shahaadah) of one man (at
be'innin' of fast) but most of the Ulamaa do not a((e"t less than two
tustwothy:eliable witnesses)
*he ma-oity ha+e 'one with the o"inion that one -ust witness is enou'h fo the hilaal
(new moon) of $amadhaan and the stat of fastin') *hei o"inion is that if one
-ust:eliable Muslim sees the 5ilaal of $amadhaan then this makes fastin' obli'atoy
on all of the Muslims) Imaam Ahmad (a) said/ !+en if it is a sla+e o woman) *his is
also an o"inion of ash Shaafi) *he moe elied u"on o"inion of Imaam Ash Shaafi
howe+e is that the witness should be fee and male) *he Ahnaaf "emitted the -ust
witness e+en if it be a sla+e o female when the sky is (loudy) Al Maalikiyyah and
Ishaa, ibn $aahuwiyah o""osed the ma-oity o"inion when they obli'ed two fee
male -ust and matue witnesses fo the be'innin' of $amadhaan o a la'e 'ou"
who may not hold the abo+e mentioned (onditions i)e) male# fee# -ust)
As fo affimin' and establishin' the new moon of Shawaal and the end of fastin'
(Iftaa) then in this (ase the ma-oity and the fou Imaams ha+e stated that two
witnesses ae ne(essay) *he Ahnaaf ha+e said that they should be fee men and
-ust o one fee man and two fee women) Abu *haw and Ibn Mundhi fom Ash
Shaafiiyyah and Ibn $ushd fom the Maalikiyyah and Ash Shawkaani who "emitted
the witness of one -ust witness fo the affimation of the seein' of the 5ilaal of
Shawaal and the be'innin' of Iftaa i)e) the end of $amadhaan)
?e will now look at the e+iden(es:te.ts elated to this issue so that we may attain the
(oe(t o"inion with the hel" of Allah (swt)/
7) %n the authoity of Ibn Abbaas (a) who said/
LLAn Aab (ame to the 9o"het (saw) and said/ I saw the 5ilaal (of
$amadhaan) 5e (saw) said/ &o you bea witness that Laa Ilaaha illa Allah
and that Muhammad is 5is sla+e and messen'e@ 5e said Aes So *he
9o"het (saw) said/ Get u" and announ(e to the "eo"le that we ae fastin'
tomoowNN) 8aated by Ibn 2hu3aimah (0H46) and Ibn 5ibbaan) Abu
&aawud (467D) with the wodin' U))) Meily I saw the 5ilaal E Al 5asan said in
this 5adeeth/ meanin' $amadhaan))))) An 8isaai and At *imidhi and Ibn Abi
Shaibah) Al 5aakim and Adh &hahabi +eified it as Saheeh)
;) %n the authoity of 5usein bin Al 5aaith Al Jadaly fom Judailah 1ais that the
Amee of Makkah addessed the "eo"le sayin'/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) obli'ed on us that we stat dhul 5i--ah with
the si'htin' (of the 5ilaal) and if we did not see it but two othes boe witness
to the si'htin' then we should (nunsuk) stat dhul 5i--ah on that))) *hen the
Amee said/ Meily thee ae "eo"le amon'st you who ae moe
knowled'eable about Allah (swt) and 5is Messen'e (saw) (i)e) the deen)
than me# who ha+e witnessed fisthand fom the Messen'e and he indi(ated
with his hand a man (in the (owd)) 5usein said/ So I said to the Shaikh who
was beside me ?ho is this who the Amee is indi(atin'@ 5e said/ It is
Abdullah Ibn Uma (a) and he told the tuth as he (Abdullah) is moe
2nowled'eable about Allah (swt) than him (the Amee)) So he said/ And this
is what the messen'e of Allah (saw) odeed us withNN)
8aated by &aawud (466B)# Ad &aaa,utni who +eified its soundness and
<ayha,i also naated it)
8unsuk means we woshi" and hee means make 5a-- and the statement
8unsuk li uyah means the si'htin' of the 5ilaal of &hil 5i--ah)
=) %n the authoity of Ibn Uma (ah) who said/
LL*he "eo"le showed me the 5ilaal so I told the Messen'e (saw) that I had
seen it so he be'an the fast and odeed the Muslims to be'in thei fastNN)
Abu &aawud (4674)# Ad &aaami# Al <ayha,i) Ibn 5ibbaan# Al 5aakim and
Ibn 5aa3im naated it and +eified its soundness (saheeh))
In elation to the se(ond 5adeeth e'adin' the Amee of Makkah# it is not in the
baab ((ha"te) of fastin') It is elated to the baab of 5a-- and emains belon'in' to it
and as su(h we will lea+e it thee) So now only the hadeeth of Ibn Abbaas and Ibn
Uma (ah) emain in this issue) *he fist mentions that the Messen'e of Allah (saw)
affimed the si'htin' of the new moon (hilaal) of $amadhaan on the testimony of
(only) one aab) *he se(ond hadeeth mentions how the Messen'e of Allah (saw)
affimed the si'htin' of the new moon (hilaal) and the be'innin' of the fast fom the
testimony of Abdullah ibn Uma (a) himself) *hese two hadeeth ae (not) o"en to
"otest and they indi(ate in a way that does not a((e"t inte"etation that the
(onfimation of the 5ilaal of $amadhaan and the be'innin' of fastin' is established
by the witnessin' of one witness) *he o"inion of those who sti"ulate and obli'ate two
witnesses is theefoe e-e(ted su(h as the Maalikiyah and Ishaa, ibn $ahuuyah)
*his is issue is of the (laity that does not e,uie any futhe del+in' in to o study)
Se(ondly# the te.ts and e+iden(es linked to the si'htin' of the 5ilaal of Shawaal
=) %n the authoity of $abiiy fom a man fom amon'st the "eo"le (ashaab) of
the 9o"het (saw)/
LL*hat the 9o"het (saw) awoke (stated his day) fastin' to (om"lete the
thity days of $amadhaan when two aabs (ame and boe witness to Laa
ilaaha illa Allah and that they had seen the new moon yesteday so the
9o"het (saw) (ommanded the beakin' of fastNN)
Ad &aaa,utni (0=B:4) and he said the 5adeeth is Saheeh) Also naated by
Abu &aawud# An 8isaai and Ahmad)
>) %n the authoity of Al 5ussein fom Al 5aaith who said that I head Abdu
$ahmaan bin Iaid bin Al 2hattaab sayin'/
LL?e a((om"anied the (om"anions of the 9o"het (saw) and we leant fom
them) *hey told us that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/ Fast at its si'htin'
and beak fast at its si'htin'# and if it is not +isible ((loudy) so (ount (fast u"
to) to thity days) If somebody who is -ust witnesses (the new moon) then fast#
and beak fast and "efom you a(ts of woshi"NN
Ad &aaa,utni (0=>:4) # Ahmad and An 8isaai)
Ahmad (0H0D0) naated in the wodin' /
LL Fast at its si'htin' and beak fast at its si'htin' and sti(k to it and if it is
not +isible ((loudy) (om"lete thity and if two Muslim witnesses see it then
be'in you fast and beak you fastNN)
B) Fom Al 5aaith (a) who said/
LLIf two -ust men bea witness to thw si'htin' of the 5ilaal then beak you
fastNN
8aated by Ibn Abi Shaibah (7B4:4)
H) %n the authoity of Abi Umai ibn Anas ibn Maalik who said/ My Un(les told
me fom the Ansaa fom the (om"anions of the Messen'e (saw) that they
said/
LL*he 5ilaal (new moon) of Shawaal was obstu(ted fom us (not +isible) so
we stated the day fastin') *hee then (ame ides fom the othe side of the
i+e and they testified to the 9o"het (saw) that they had seen the 5ilaal the
day befoe) So the Messen'e (saw) odeed that the fast be boken and that
they should 'o out fo the eid ((elebation) the followin' dayNN)
Ibn Maa-ah (0=;6)# Ahmad# An 8isaai# Ibn 5ibbaan and At *ahaawi) Ad
&aaa,utni said the Isnaad is 5asan and Al <ayha,i that all of the named
Sahaabah ae -ust)
0D) Fom Anas (a)/
LLA 'ou" of "eo"le testified to the 9o"het (saw) the si'htin' of the 5ilaal#
the 5ilaal of Shawaal# so he odeed that they beak fast and be'in thei !id
the ne.t dayNN)
8aated by Al <a33aa (H>4) and Abu <ak Al 1utayi on the Musnad of Al
Imaam Ahmad) Al 5aithami said in elation to the 5adeeth that its $i-aal
(naatos) ae Saheeh)
*he se(ond 5adeeth fom Ad &aaa,utni and Ahmad was naated by Al 5u--aa- and
he is &aeef so the ((hain) sanad is abandoned) In elation to the Matn (te.t) and the
addition If somebody who is -ust witnesses (the new moon) then fast# and beak fast
and "efom you a(ts of woshi" is not "ese+ed and this is be(ause the heat
(main "at) of this hadeeth is naated fom numeous saheeh "aths and this addition
is not in any of them) It is theefoe e-e(ted) As fo the e"ot of An 8isaai Al 5u--aa-
is not in the (hain and instead it in(ludes Ibaaheem bin Aa,oob) In his book Mi3aan
al itidaal Adh &hahabi says about him that he is a((used with lyin' so this 5adeeth
fom An 8isaai is also e-e(ted)
As fo the thid 5adeeth it is fom Al 5aaith Al Awa and he is a((used of lyin' so
this hadeeth is e-e(ted) So only the ahaadeeth 0#7 and ; emain to be dis(ussed)
*he fist 5adeeth (0) states that *wo aabs (ame and boe witness to Laa Ilaaha illa
Allah that they had seen the new moon the day befoe so they wee odeed to beak
fast and the fouth hadeeth (7) stated that $ides (ame fom the othe side of the
i+e and they testified to th 9o"het (saw) that they had seen the new moon the day
befoe so the Messen'e of Allah (saw) odeed them to beak thei fasts) And the
fifth hadeeth (;) states that A "eo"le o 'ou" testified to the 9o"het (saw) that they
had seen the new moon# the moon of shawaal so he (saw) odeed them to beak
thei fastin') A look at these thee statements e+eals one "atten and that is that
what ha""ened in ea(h o((asion was the eality of those that saw it (the new moon))
*he ealities e"esented a (oin(idental o((uen(e without any (onditions sti"ulated)
*he e+iden(es do not (ontain any mention of a (ondition sti"ulatin' that thee be two
witnesses o that they ae ides o a 'ou" of "eo"le but only that this is what
o((ued in ea(h (ase i)e) it -ust o((ued that two (ame# that ides (ame and that a
'ou" of "eo"le testified to the si'htin' of the new moon)
*hese te.ts do not mean by lan'ua'e o Shaa that it is not allowed to a((e"t the
witness of less than what they mention) Fo those that "ut fowad this +iew (that two
witnesses ae e,uied) bin' and e+iden(e that the Messen'e of Allah (saw)
e-e(ted the witness of one "eson in the si'htin' of the 5ilaal of Shawaal) It is also
known that the witnessin' by eye does not ha+e undestandin's atta(hed to it and no
means of measuement and in this (ase thee is no (all to sti(k to the way it
o((ued) And if the witnessin' was done by moe than one man in these e+iden(es
this does not mean that the testimony of one "eson is not suffi(ient) *he one who
says one "esons witness is enou'h will no doubt a((e"t the witness of two# fi+e# ten
o e+en a hunded "eo"le) And an in(ease in numbe is bette as "eo"le say moe
is bette) Indeed one "eson is suffi(ient to ente in to the (owd and a(hie+e what is
e,uied) So in (on(lusion thee is nothin' in any of these te.ts that in+ite us to
sti"ulate that two o moe witnesses ae e,uied fo the si'htin' of the new moon
(hilaal) of Shawaal)
And I say to whoe+e +iews that these e+iden(es indi(ate (om"ulsion (to a 'i+en
numbe) that/ If you take the fouth and fifth hadeeth and sti(k to them a((odin' to
this undestandin' then you would ha+e to abandon the fist hadeeth mentionin' two
witnesses only) *hose who say these hadeeth esti(t the numbe ha+e awoken in
(onfusion and ha+e mo+ed away fom "uity) *his is be(ause if they wok with all
thee ahaadeeth then they would need to abandon the two witnesses as they ae
less than ides and a "eo"le) % they may +iew them as o""osin' e+iden(es and
-ust take whi(h e+e they like fom them like the sti"ulation of two witnesses whilst
lea+in' the ides and "eo"le o the othe way oundC
Meily the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said SFast at its si'htin' and beak fast at its
si'htin'T and the si'htin' was sti"ulated in a 'eneal way fo the si'htin' of the 5ilaal
of $amadhaan and the si'htin' of the 5ilaal of Shawaal) *his hadeeth whi(h has
ea(hed a hi'h le+el of soundness (saheeh) did not diffeentiate between the fast
(be'innin' of $amadhaan) and the beakin' of fast (end of $amadhaan)) It is
theefoe waa-ib to e,ualise between them by be'innin' ou fast with the hilaals
si'htin' and beakin':endin' ou fast with its si'htin' in its 'eneal fom without
findin' what may s"e(ify o make diffeent one si'htin' o+e the othe) ?e ha+e
e+iden(es that mention the a((e"tan(e of one witness fo the be'innin' of fastin' so
this (an a(t as a 'eneal e+iden(e fo the a((e"tan(e of one witness fo the si'htin'
of the new moon) *he si'htin' of the moon of amadhaan is the same as the si'htin'
of the moon of Shawaal and if the si'htin' of one witness if enou'h fo the
(onfimation of one then it is suffi(ient fo the othe) *his is unless thee has (ome a
te.t that has made an e.(e"tion of the 'eneal e+iden(es and in this (ase thee ae
absolutely none)
And hee is an im"otant "oint that i want to mention) *he o"inion of a((e"tin' the
testimony of one witness fo the 5ilaal of $amadhaan makes it ne(essay to beak
the fast at the end of the month based on this oi'inal si'htin' i)e) 4H o 6D days afte
it) *his means that in this (ase the a((e"tan(e of the witness of this one "eson fo
the affimation of the month of Shawaal)
?ith that it is a""aent that the fou Imaams ha+e made a mistake in sti"ulatin' two
witnesses fo the endin' of the fast and that Abi *hau and his 'ou" who made both
si'htin's e,ui+alent to ea(h othe the (oe(t o"inion in this issue)
As fo the ban(hes mentioned ealie in this dis(ussion elated to the fee "eson
and sla+e# the male and female o one whos mind is (louded# all of these ha+e to
"la(e hee o any daleel (e+iden(e) to su""ot them) As fo the sla+e then in todays
eality he does not e.ist so we will not busy ousel+es with him) As fo the male and
female then the -ust:eliable one fom them is a((e"ted as witness be(ause -usti(e is
not esti(ted to eithe male o female in Islaam) If e+iden(es ha+e mention two men
o man and two women then they ae esti(ted to the sub-e(t aeas they ha+e (ome
to addess and (annot be 'enealised beyond them)
!.ta Issue/
It is known that the State# o the 2haleefah o whoe+e has been dele'ated e(ei+es
those who ha+e si'hted the new moons and then he makes a 'eneal de(laation to
the whole "eo"le about the be'innin' of $amadhaan and its end) 5e does this afte
(he(kin' the eliability of those who ha+e witnessed it and the ,uestion aise hee/ If
one "eson was to see the new moon of amadhaan o shawaal# testified in font of
the 2haleefah o a de"uty to him that he had seen it) And then his wod was not
a((e"ted and his testimony e-e(ted# then in this (ase does he sti(k to what he saw
and be'in fast alone o beak fast alone o is he bound by the ode of the
2haleefah@
Anothe ,uestion aises# maybe the one who" saw is fa fom the 2haleefah o his
de"uty in ode to as(etain his testimony# then in this (ase is he bound by his own
si'htin' o by the de(laation of the 2haleefah@
*he fou Imaams obli'ed the fast on the indi+idual thou'h the si'htin' of the 5ilaal
of $amadhaan and they diffeed in the si'htin' of the 5ilaal of Ash Shawaal) Abu
5aneefah# Maalik and Ahmad held the o"inion of (ontinuin' the fast and not makin'
Iftaa thou'h seein' the 5ilaal of Shawaal himself) *he Shaafiiya said and it is also
one +iew attibuted to the Maalikiyah that/ *hat the beakin' of fast is in a((odan(e
to the hadeeth And do not make Iftaa until you ha+e seen it but he should (on(eal it
so that he is not a((used (of makin' fitnah et())))) In elation to this I say the
followin'#) And Allah (swt) is the one who e(on(iles the (oe(t answe/
?hat the fou Imaams ha+e said about the obli'ation of fastin' on the indi+idual (who
saw it) is (oe(t and it is what the o"inion is s"e(ified with) Fastin' the last day of
Shabaan is "emitted by the Shaa and what has been naated about fobiddin'
ad+an(in' u"on $amadhaan then all of that die(ts to a dislike as shall be mentioned
late) *hen in this (ase it is obli'atoy on the one who saw the moon to be'in his fast
as the waa-ib has "e(eden(e o+e the Makooh (disliked a(tion)) It be(ame
obli'atoy on the one who saw the 5ilaal as the Messen'e (saw) said Fast at its
si'ht to be'in his fast be(ause the si'htin' has ha""ened u"on him) Abdullah ibn
Abi Moosa said/ And I asked he (Aisha (ah) about the day in whi(h thee was
diffeen(e o+e $amadhaan) She said/ *o fast a day of Shabaan is moe belo+ed to
me than beakin' a fast (eatin') on a day of $amadhaan) 5e said/ So I went out and
asked Ibn Uma and Abi 5uaiah and both of them said/ *he wi+es of the 9o"het
(saw) ae moe knowled'eable about that than me 8aated by Ahmad (4;7;B) #
Saeed bin Mansoo and Al <ayha,i) Al 5aithami said/ *he $i-aal (men:naatos) of
Ahmad ae $i-aaal of Saheeh)
As fo the indi+idual Iftaa based on the si'htin' of the moon of Shawaal then this is
not "emissible) *his is what Abu 5aneefah# Maalik and Ahmad ae u"on) *his is
be(ause the Iftaa (endin' of fast) means the be'innin' of Shawaal and this means
the &ay of !id al Fit and it is the ole of Al &awlah Al 2hilaafah to s"e(ify this and it
is not the i'ht of the indi+idual) *his is due to the fa(t that all ituals of the deen
elated to the Jamaaah as a Jamaaah ((olle(ti+e body) ae the es"onsibility of the
2haleefah alone to ode# o'anise and s"e(ify its timin') It is not the i'ht of an
indi+idual o a (olle(tion of indi+iduals to undetake this es"onsibility fo themsel+es
othewise it would (ause fi(tions with the Jamaaah whi(h is 5aaam and not
allowed)
So the indi+idual is not allowed to do !id a((e"t the !id that is announ(ed by Ad
&awlah Al 2hilaafah so it is not allowed fo an indi+idual to announ(e Iftaa (the
endin' of fast) o s"e(ify the day of !id) It is obli'atoy on hiom to efain fom eatin'
and (ontinue with his fast with Jamaaah of the muslims)
Indeed it (ame in the 5adeeth that we looked out a little time a'o whi(h was elated
by $abiy/ *wo aabs (ame and boe witness to Laa Ilaaha illa Allah and that they
had seen the 5ilaal the day befoe so he (saw) odeed them so they boke thei
fast) Also in anothe hadeeth that we e(ently mentioned naated by Abu Umai bin
Anas $ides (ame fom the othe side of the i+e who testified to the 9o"het (saw)
that they had seen the moon the "e+ious ni'ht and so the Messen'e of Allah (saw)
odeed them (the muslims) to beak thei fast) And like these two the 5adeeth of
Anas that (ame afte them in ou dis(ussion) So it (an be seen fom the 5adeeth that
the two Aabs ins"ite of ha+in' seen the 5ilaal (the 5ilaal of !id) the ni'ht befoe
(ontinued with thei fastin' until they had been told by the Messen'e (saw) of Allah
to beak thei fast) *he ides in the se(ond hadeeth also emained fastin' des"ite
ha+in' seen the 5ilaal of Shawaal (the 5ilaal of !id) until the end of the day when the
Messen'e (saw) (ommanded them to beak thei fast) *he simila to this is e+ident
in the 5adeeth of Anas) All of this indi(ates that the announ(ement o de(lain' of
the time fo Iftaa (end of fast) is the wok and es"onsibility of the &awla (state) and
that it is not the i'ht of any one to make Iftaa befoe that announ(ement) So fom
this the o"inion of the o"inion of the thee Imaams is (oe(t and the o"inion of
Imaam Shaafi is in(oe(t) *he (on(lusion to this is that the indi+idual fasts with his
own witness but does not beak his fast e.(e"t with the (ommand of the &awlah
(state))


Is it (oe(t to use and wok with astonomi(al (al(ulations@
*he ma-oity ha+e stated that it is not "emissible to use (al(ulations sayin' that/ It
would (ause hadshi" on the "eo"le if they wee budened with it be(ause its
knowled'e is only with some indi+iduals and the Shaa only e,uies "eo"le to know
o obtain knowled'e of what the ma-oity and 'eneal masses (an a(,uie) It has
been e"oted fom Ibn Suai- the o"inion that wokin' with (al(ulations is allowed fo
those whom Allah (swt) has s"e(ified o 'ifted with its knowled'e) 5e took his
easonin' fom the wodin' in the 5adeeth fa,duoo lahu whi(h (an mean estimate
and that this is an addess to those who ha+e been 'i+en this s"e(ial knowled'e by
Allah taaalaa and the statement (faAkmiloo al iddah/(om"lete its "eiod) is an
addess to the 'eneal masses) *his o"inion has also been attibuted to Mutaf Ibn
Abdillah and Ibn 1utaibah)
<y studyin' the te.t we find the wodin' Fa,duoo lahu mentioned in the 5adeeth
ha+in' a diffeent meanin' to that whi(h Ibn Suai- has (laimed) %n the authoity of
Ibn Uma (ah)/ *hat the Messen'e of Allah (saw) mentioned $amadhaan and said
&o not fast until you see the 5ilaal and do not beak the fastin' until you see the
5ilaal and if it is not +isible esti(t to it (fa,duoo laho)) 8aated by Al <ukhaai
(0HD=)# Muslim# Ad &aaami# Abu &aawud# An 8isaai and Ibn Maa-ah) *his 5adeeth#
all of it# has (ome to addess all of the Islaami( Ummah be(ause as Siyaam is fo all
and the si'htin' is fo all and the Iftaa (beakin' of fast) is fo all) *he wodin'
fa,duoo lahu has (ome to addess e+eyone as well and not fo those who Allah
has blessed with a s"e(ifi( s(ientifi( knowled'e) *his is as (lea as the sun in the sky
and to s"e(ify this wodin' to a s"e(ifi( 'ou" of "eo"le is a (lea eo)
*he diffeent ahaadeeth when "ut to'ethe e."lain ea(h othe) %the ahaadeeth
ha+e (ome to e."lain the abo+e wods in a manne diffeent to Ibn Suai-) Fom them
is the 5adeeth fom Abu 5uaiah (a) that the 9o"het (saw)(o Abu Al 1aasim) said/
LLFast at its si'htin' and sto" fastin' at its si'htin' and if it is not +isible (the
si'htin') then (om"lete (faAkmiluu) the "eiod of Shabaan to thityNN (Al <uhkaai
(0HDH)# Muslim# An 8isaai# Ahmad# Ibn 5ibbaan) And Muslim (4;07) also naated it
with the wodin' LLIf you see the 5ilaal (new moon) then fast# and if you see it
(a'ain) then sto" you fast and if it is not +isible then fast thity daysNN)
*he tafsee of fa,duoo lahu is theefoe made (lea and e."lained by the hadeeth
whi(h state then (om"lete (faAkmiluu) the "eiod of Shabaan to thity and fast thity
days) *his e."lanation de(isi+ely (uts thou'h the mistake of Ibn Suai- be(ause
(om"letin' the "eiod of Shabaan to thity days does not e,uie knowled'e of
astonomy (ilm ul Fala,) so that it (an be esti(ted to its "eo"le but athe this
addess has (ome to the Muslim masses as a whole)
Indeed the most de(isi+e "oof and the (leaest to dedu(t fom is the hadeeth
mentioned abo+e naated fom Al <ukhaai (0HD=) on the authoity of Ibn Uma (ah)
&o not fast until you see the hilaal and do not sto" you fast until you see it))) *his
e+iden(e e."lains that we ha+e not only be odeed to fast u"on the si'htin' but also
it has been fobidden to fast without a si'htin' and thee is no doubt that fastin'
based on (al(ulations is a fast based on othe than si'htin')
All of the abo+e howe+e does not mean that benefitin' fom astonomi(al
(al(ulations is not allowed and "emissible and that thee is no need fo its
knowled'e) %u intention abo+e has been to meely illustate how the use of
(al(ulations is not the deteminin' fa(to fo the be'innin' o endin' of the fast and
that the shaa has only obli'ed the +isual si'ht as the means of detemination
without obli'in' anythin' else) *his o"inion and it alone is theefoe obli'atoy to
u"hold)
As fo the benefit of astonomi(al (al(ulations# it (omes in the fom of the Ulamaa
(s(ientists) of astonomy 'uidin' us towads the hous and minutes whi(h ae most
a""o"iate fo the si'htin' of the new moons as well the most suitable lo(ations) All
of this aids those who ae attem"tin' to si'ht the moon to do thei wok) *hee is also
no "oblem to make use of thei tools in obse+ation and si'htin'# fo instan(e thei
la'e ma'nifyin' lenses) *hese +isual tools ae allowed and thee is no "oblem
utilisin' them to hel" the obse+es and those attem"tin' to si'ht the new moon)
Fom anothe an'le the statement (fa,duoo lahu) has been e."lained in a manne
obli'in' any othe o"inions to be do""ed) *he 5anafiyyah# Maalikiyah and Shaafiiya
ha+e all taken this e."lanation and simila to them the ma-oity of the Salaf and
2halaf) *his is the o"inion that odes the (om"letion of thity days meanin' to look to
the be'innin' of the month i)e) the day it stated and then (al(ulate when 6D days
ha+e been (om"leted) All of this has (ome as addess to all of the Muslims)
&es"ite this (laity othes hold the +iew that fa,duoo lahu means/ to estimate
undeneath the (louds) *his o"inion obli'es fastin' the followin' day of the thitieth
ni'ht if the (e."e(ted) "la(e of the si'htin' of the 5ilaal has been obs(ued by
(louds) *his has been naated fom Ibn Uma (a) and Ahmad bin 5anbal of what is
most famously known fom him and *aawuus also shae this o"inion) ?hat (aused
them to fall in to eo was the la(k of lookin' at all of the e+iden(es to'ethe and
limitin' thei +iew to the naation whi(h in(luded Fa,duoo lahu) If they had "ut
to'ethe all of the e+iden(es in this issue then maybe they would ha+e withdawn
thei o"inion)
Aes it is tue that U,daoo means &ayyi,oo (esti(t) lin'uisti(ally and this (ame in
the statement of Allah (swt) when he says/
;R 9

+F 5 S
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3
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Let the i(h man s"end a((odin' to his means# and the man whose esou(es ae
esti(ted# let him s"end a((odin' to what AllWh has 'i+en him) (At *alaa,/=)
And also in his statement

(
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W" 5& U 5"#

TX<( V

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<ut when 5e ties him# by staitenin' (esti(tin') his means of life# he says/ RMy Lod
has humiliated meCR (Al Fa- 0=)
5owe+e this is not the only meanin' that has (ome fo this wod lin'uisti(ally o in
the book of Allah Subhaanahu) Allah (swt) says/
T

& 1

5 '

& ')))
*hey (the Jews# 1uaish "a'ans# idolates) did not estimate AllWh with an estimation
due to 5im))) (Al Anaam/H0)
And Allah (swt) says/
03) @#

# X

Z )))
AllWh "uts fowad the e.am"le# a sla+e (disbelie+e) unde the "ossession of
anothe# he has no "owe of any sot))) (An 8ahl/>;)
And 5e (swt) says/
))) +

03) @# 8' 9 )))

*hey ae not able to do anythin' with what they ha+e eaned (Al <a,aah/4=7)
All of these diffeent usa'es ae not undestood and e."lained with the meanin' of
$esti(tin':naowin') !."lainin' the wodin' in this hadeeth with *adyee,
(esti(tin') is only an e."lanation usin' one of its "ossible meanin's and this is (ut
off fom the indi(ations and e."lanation that (an be found in othe e+iden(es)
*heefoe limitin' the wod to this meanin' is a (lea eo)
*he issue of diffeent Mataali (statin' times and "la(es fo the fast of $amadhaan)/
*he ealie fu,ahaa and less so those of moe e(ent times ha+e disa'eed on the
issue of ha+in' diffeent statin' "la(es fo the be'innin' of $amadhaan) Ikaamah#
Al 1aasim bin Muhammad# Saalim bin Abdillah bin Uma and Ishaa, bin
$aahuwiyah held the o"inion of it not bein' obli'atoy fo a "eo"le of one (ounty to
follow the si'htin' of the 5ilaal (new moon) of anothe (ounty o land) At *imidhi
naated this fom the "eo"le of knowled'e and this was all that he said and
Maawadi "ut this +iew fowad as an o"inion of the Shaafi Madhhab)
Abu 5aneefah# Maalik# Ahmad# Al Layth bin Saad held the o"inion that the si'htin'
of the new moon in one land obli'ed the Muslims of all lands to be'in fastin') Ibn
Mundhi mentioned this +iew fom the ma-oity of the Ulamaa (s(holas) and he said
some of the Shaafii) *he Shaafiiyah ha+e theefoe disa'eed on this issue/ *hey
ha+e said/ If the lands ae (lose to ea(h othe then in that (ase thei ule is like one
land but if they ae distant fom ea(h othe then thee ae two +iews) *he most
saheeh fom Shaikh Abi 5aamid# Shaikh ibn Ishaa,# Al Gha3aali and the ma-oity is
that it is not obli'atoy fo those of anothe land to fast) *he se(ond o"inion held by
Al 1aadi Abu At *ayyib and $ooyaani states that it is obli'atoy) Mohammad ibn ul
Mundhi said/ It is (lea in the Madhhab (Shaafi)# all of its "eo"le ha+e (hosen it and
Al <a'hawi naated it die(tly fom Ash Shaafi himself)
*hose who ha+e diffeed based on (loseness o faness ha+e the followin' +iews/
*hee ae some who ha+e obli'ated faness leadin' to diffeent statin' times in
"la(es like Al 5i-aa3# Al Iaa, and 2huaasaan and that (loseness does not lead to
diffeen(e su(h as <a'hdaad# 2uufa# $ay and 1a3wain) %thes ha+e said/ Its
(onsideation is with the unity of the e'ion and "o+in(es o thei diffeen(es) %thes
ha+e "ut fowad othe +iews but they ae not si'nifi(ant enou'h to bin' u" in this
dis(ussion)
As fo the 'ou" that stated that the si'htin' in one land obli'es the be'innin' of
fastin' in all lands# thei o"inion is e.ta(ted fom the numeous ahaadeeth whi(h
ode the fastin' to be'in and end with the si'htin' of the 5ilaal) *hey a'ue the
si'htin' of the 5ilaal is the sabab ((ause) fo bin' the fast into bein' and likewise
the si'htin' of the moon (a'ain) is the sabab fo the end of fastin') If thee e.ists a
sabab ((ause) then thee also e.ists a Musabbab (the thin' be (aused to o((u) and
in this (ase this is the fastin' and the endin' of fastin') *he wods of the Messen'e
(saw) li uyatihi (to its si'htin') is an added 'enei( noun of kind (ism -ins mudaaf)
and as su(h is fom the e."essions whi(h ae 'eneal (aam)) Also his (saw) wods
hattaa taaw and Idhaa aaytum (ontain a &amee ("onoun) of the "lual fom that
'oes ba(k to the noun) *his noun is "lual so it (the si'htin') etuns to e+eyone and
the "lual fom is of the e."essions of 'eneality so the damees ("onoun) taaw
and aaytum ae fom the e."essions of 'eneality) <ased on this the si'htin' of
the moon is 'eneal meanin' the (ause (sabab) is also 'eneal in fom) Any si'htin'
fom any Muslim (o+es and 'enealises all muslims and hen(e fastin' be(omes
obli'atoy by it on all) *his is the o"inion of this 'ou"# des"ite its well known
(om"li(ated istinbaat (e.ta(tion)) *his is the (oe(t o"inion)
?e now look to the othes who ad+o(ate diffeent fastin' stats in diffeent "la(es
and that "eo"le in one land do not fast with the si'htin' of the 5ilaal in anothe land)
*hey base thei o"inion on what was naated on the authoity of 2uaib/
*hat Umm al Fadl bint Al 5aaith sent him to Muaawiyah in Ash Shaam) 5e said/ I
ai+ed in Ash Shaam and attended to my needs:tasks) ?hilst I was thee $amdhaan
be'an and I saw the moon on the e+enin' of Al Jumuah) I then ai+ed ba(k in Al
Madeenah at the end of the month and Abdullah ibn Abbaas (ah) asked me and I
told him about the new moon) 5e (ibn Abbaas) said/ ?hen did you see the 5ilaal@ I
said/ ?e saw it on the ni'ht of Al Jumuah) 5e said/ you saw it@ I e"lied/ Aes I saw it
and the "eo"le and they fasted and so did Muaawiyah) 5e (ibn Abbaas) said/ <ut we
saw it on the ni'ht of As Sabt (Satuday) so we will (ontinue to fast until 6D days
ha+e been (om"leted unless we see it) So I said/ Is the si'htin' and fastin' of
Muaawiyah not suffi(ient fo you@ So he e"lied/ 8o# this is how the Messen'e
(saw) odeed us)
Muslim (4;4B)# Abu &aawud# At *imidhi and Ahmad)
*hey say/ Ibn Abbaass (ah) (ommitment to not find suffi(ient the si'htin' of the
"eo"le of Ash Shaam is a (ommitment emanatin' fom the ode of the noble
"o"het (saw)) ?ith anothe meanin' they undestood fom the statement of Ibn
Abbaas a es"onse to the ,uestion Is the si'htin' and fastin' of Muaawiyah not
suffi(ient fo you@ with 8o# this is how the Messen'e (saw) odeed us# that it was
the Messen'e of Allah (saw) himself who odeed the Muslims not to take the
si'htin' of the moon in anothe land fo themsel+es) *hey did not (om"ehend that
this statement was the undestandin' fom Ibn Abbaas (ah) to a (ommand of the
Messen'e (saw)) *hey (onfused the (ommand of the 9o"het (saw) with Ibn
Abbasss undestandin' and in this (ase we +iew that Ibn Abbas is mistaken and
those who ha+e followed this o"inion to likewise be in eo)
Ibn Abbaas (a) had head the ,awl (statement) of the Messen'e (saw) Fast at its
si'ht and end fastin' at its si'ht and undestood fom it that it was ne(essay fo
e+ey 'ou" fom amon'st the Muslims to see the 5ilaal and be'in fastin' and to see
it a'ain and beak fast) Added to this one si'htin' does not suffi(e anothe "la(es
si'htin' and this is why he stated what he did in the 5adeeth of 2uaib i)e) that this
hadeeth does not (o+e all of the Muslims (as a whole unit) but athe e+ey 'ou"
(land) should take the task u"on itself# and this is an in(oe(t undestandin') So
fom this it (an be seen that those who ha+e ad+o(ated diffeent stats in diffeent
"la(es ha+e taken thei a'ument (hu--a) fom the undestandin' of Ibn Abbaas to a
5adeeth and not die(tly fom a 5adeeth fom the 9o"het (saw) itself) And I do not
want to dis(uss this eo fom moe than the a'ument whi(h has been aleady
dis(ussed of those who hold the o"inion of the unity of the "la(es and statin' time
fo fastin' and its endin' time)
*he Islami( esea(h A(ademy in Faio issued the +edi(t in 0H== that/ *hee is no
basis in the diffein' of "la(es and fastin' times e+en if the lands ae fa a"at on the
(ondition that the lands all shae "at of the same ni'ht# and this is a""li(able to all
the Aab (ounties) Also the 5i'h Fatwa Foun(il in Ad &iyaa 9alestine issued a
+edi(t ado"tin' the unity of the "la(es and the be'innin' and endin' of fastin') 5ee
I will sto" in ode to aise the followin' "oints/
Fistly/
I be'an this dis(ussion by sayin' that/ *he Fu,ahaa diffeed in the ealy times and
less so in the e(ent times in elation to the Mataali (statin' times and "la(es of
amadhaan)) *his was said as a (lea indi(ation that the ma-oity of Ulamaa in ou
"esent time ha+e abandoned the o"inion of diffeent Mataali (statin' time and
"la(e) and they ha+e (ommitted o nealy (ommitted to the +edi(t of the Faio
$esea(h A(ademy mentioned ealie and simila +edi(ts fom othe muslim lands)
8ow it is ae to hee an Aalim dis(uss ha+in' diffeent Mataali amon'st the
muslims) &es"ite this unity in o"inion amon'st the Ulamaa we still see the (uent
state and situation of the muslim states and how the Ulamaa (an not a'ee u"on any
o"inion and the Islaami( esea(h (entes and Islaami( Fatwaa (oun(ils do not issue
(as a eminde) the +edi(t of the unity of the Mataali (statin' time fo $amadhaan))
*he Ulamaa who use to in oi'in ha+e a "oweful +oi(e in this matte# ha+e be(ome
isolated fom the de(isions of the $ules in elation to the issuin' of +edi(ts) And it is
not hidden fom any awae Muslim that the eason fo this is the se"aation of the
&een fom the &awla (state) whi(h is the (uent situation in all Muslim lands) *he
states ha+e as su(h taken thei +edi(ts fa away fom -ud'in' by the Ahkaam Ash
Shaai and the Fatawaa of the Ulamaa) ?hen we e.amine what the states issue of
Ahkaam we see that they seem to be fom the Shaeeah o in a'eement with it o
that these +edi(ts ha+e (ome fom the Fatawaa of the Ulamaa) *he one who looks
dee"e finds that it is the states and ules themsel+es who inniate thes Ahkaam fo
its own s"e(ifi( inteests and "u"oses) It then odes the Ulamaa who wok with it to
"esent e+iden(es that allow thei "onoun(ements and not the o""osite) So the
ules ode and le'islate and the Ulamaa a'ee and bin' fatawaa to "lease these
$ules) If thee ae e+e o""osin' +iews then it is the $ule whose +iew is
im"lemented)
Se(ondly/
*he main "oblem in the Islami( wold today is that ea(h state e'ads itself (om"lete
in itself and not a "at of the Islami( Ummah e+en if some of the (ountys
(onstitutions ha+e stated othe than that) !+ey land "o(eeds takin' its "oliti(al and
e+en deeny de(isions without any e'ad fo the emainde of the Muslims be(ause it
(onsides itself an inde"endent entity fom the est of the Muslims and no Muslim
outside of its entity has any i'ht to intefee in its affais) %n this basis they
announ(e the be'innin' and end of $amadhaan so we see e+ey state makin's its
own announ(ements as if thee ae no Muslims outside thei bodes) *his theefoe
is the eason fo the emainin' diffeen(es between the states in the Islami( wold in
elation to the stat and end of fastin' and if these states e'aded themsel+es as
"at of a whole then "eha"s we would find unity in many of the situations and issues
we fa(e)
*hidly/
If I add hee the s(enaio to what was mentioned "e+iously that noth Afi(an states
ado"t the moon (al(ulation method and this (al(ulation may be in line with a si'htin'
o it may not be line) It is no wonde then that diffeen(es emain in thei homelands
o+e the statin' and endin' of fastin' in $amadhaan and these 8oth Afi(an states
(ontinue to ado"t the (al(ulation method and do not "ay attention to the o"inions of
the Ulamaa who ha+e o""osed the utilisation and wokin' with this method)
Fouthly/
<ased on this I say/ *hat the Muslim in any "la(e in the Muslim lands# all of whi(h
shae the same one ni'ht# must fast when he heas the announ(ement fom any
state fom amon'st the Muslim states that the fastin' has stated) And it is also
obli'atoy fo him to end his fastin' when he heas an announ(ement (on(enin' the
stat of Iftaa (endin' of fast)) *he e.(e"tion to this ae the lands that utilise the moon
si'htin' (al(ulation methodolo'y and it is not (oe(t to (ommit to what these states
announ(e in tems of the stat and end of fastin' and the month of $amadhaan)
Fithly/
*hou'hout the lon' histoy of the Muslims they ha+e ne+e known of institutions like
the Ma-aalis al Iftaa (Fatwa (oun(ils) o Islaami( esea(h foundations whi(h ha+e
only aisen in e(ent times) It has (ome at a time when the muslims undestandin' of
Islam has be(ome weak and the Mu-tahidoon ha+e be(ome few o faded away
esultin' fom the (losin' of the doos of I-tihaad) So those who ha+e (alled
themsel+es Ulamaa 'athe in a Foun(il o body o states 'athe them to'ethe unde
some name o institution and they issue (olle(ti+e Fatawaa without the Muslims e+en
knowin' who the issue of the fatwa) *he Muslim then (aies this fatwa and follows it
without knowin' whee o who it has (ome fom whi(h is (ontay to the method
desi'nated by Islam fo ta,leed and the followin' of o"inions fom mu-tahideen) It is
(oe(t and allowed fo a Muslim to follow the o"inion of a so and so fom amon'st
the Fu,ahaa o an announ(ement fom the Ulamaa but it is not allowed fom the
Shaa fo him to follow a Fatwa (oun(il o make ta,leed fom an Islaami( $esea(h
(ente and thee is no +alue o woth to what these bodie issue of Islaami( fatawaa)
Simila to the abo+e is what some authos ha+e witten in tems of books of Ahkaam
Ash Shaeeah whi(h ae issued unde a (olle(ti+e namin') It is absolutely in(oe(t
to follow and imitate what has (ome in them and they (ontain no moe than
infomation fo the eade) *his is one of the 'eat (alamities whi(h has be(ome
dominant and wides"ead in the Islami( wold) $eades and students in Uni+esities#
Fentes and S(hools ae (ayin' Ahkaam in the Shai whi(h ae not attibutable to
its oi'inal "eo"le) *hey (all "eo"le towads these ules and li+e a((odin' to them
whi(h is not allowed a((odin' to the Shaa) It is im"otant theefoe fo Muslims to
wat(h out fo and be awae of this <ida whi(h has be(ome wides"ead in the "eo"le
and has e+en be(ome un(lea amon'st students and those who ae known as the
Ulamaa)
Additional Issues/
?e li+e in the time of se(ulaism and this means that the laws and "in(i"les ae
taken fom thei intelle(t and knowled'e without any e'ad fo deen o eli'ion) It (an
also be stated that ilmaniyah (se(ulaism) means the (uttin' off of eli'ion fom the
li+es of the "eo"le and makin' life un a((odin' to what they ha+e ai+ed at in thei
studies usin' thei intelle(t and knowled'e of "in(i"les and laws) 9eo"le ha+e been
en(hanted by this wod se(ulaism and ha+e taken it as a measuement fo e+i+al
and "o'ess) *hey ha+e made the use of knowled'e (s(ien(e) and the human
intelle(t holy and e-e(ted any o"inion o +iew o ule o le'islation that has not been
issued fom the human mind o a'ees with it)
?hat (on(ens us hee in all this dis(ussion elates to the use of (astonomi(al
moon) (al(ulations and its s(ien(e (ilm ul falak)) 9eo"le ha+e be(ome fas(inated by
it as a s(ien(e fo makin' (al(ulations and Muslims ha+e stated to demand usin' it
in thei Ibaadah in elation to 5a--# fastin' and the days of !id) *hey ha+e fo'otten
that the Shaeeah (an only be taken fom its sou(es# Al 2itaab# As Sunnah# the
I-maa of the Sahaabah and 1iyaas (analo'y) and that they (annot be taken fom
othe than these sou(es whate+e the situation o (i(umstan(es)
*he Shaa (ommanded the fastin' of $amadhaan and it le'islated a taee,ah
(methodolo'y) to s"e(ify and detemine its be'innin' and end) *his is the +isual (with
eye) si'htin' of the 5ilaal of $amadhaan and the 5ilaal (new moon) of Shawaal) *he
Shaa did not sto" thee but distan(ed the use of (al(ulations fom intefein' in this
methodolo'y) %n the authoity of Abdullah Ibn Uma (ah) that the 9o"het (saw)
said/
?e ae an illiteate nation# we do not wite o (al(ulate the Month like this o like that#
meanin' one time 4H days and anothe 6D) Al <ukhaai (0H0D)# Muslim# Abu
&aawud# An 8isaai and Ahmad)
5ee we ha+e the messen'e of Allah (saw) announ(in' to the Muslims that they do
not wite o (al(ulate and he said this in the (onte.t of fastin' and what is linked to
deteminin' the months) *his makes usin' astonomi(al (al(ulations in deteminin'
the be'innin' of months neithe "emissible no e,uied)
Sin(e the e+elation of S -*! L -* [

. ,

"T E *oday I ha+e "efe(ted:(om"leted

you &een (Al Maaidah/ 6) the &een of Islaam has been (om"lete and whole) Islam
is in no need fo any knowled'e fom all of its foms and no "odu(t of any intelle(t
fom amon'st the intelle(ts in ode to define its le'islation (al Ahkaam Ash
Shaeeah) o its methodolo'ies (taaai,)) It is allowed to use this knowled'e
howe+e in tems of styles# means and tools as lon' as they do not take the "la(e o
intefee with the Ahkaam Ash Shaeeah and its methodolo'y and as lon's as they
do not (han'e these ules e+en in the smallest of ways)
*his is whee Allah (swt) has le'islated the Fastin' of $amadhaan as a 5ukm Shai
and the Shaa has desi'nated a s"e(ifi( method fo definin' its stat and end times
in the fom of the +isual si'htin') It is in this (ase absolutely not "emissible to take
(al(ulations as an altenati+e to the method desi'nated by the Shaa to detemine
the be'innin' and end times of fastin') %n to" of this it is absolutely not allowed fo
(al(ulations to ha+e any affe(t at all on the Shaeeah method) *o make this (leae
in a moe detailed way# I say the followin'/
Fistly/
Al-5isaab Al-Falaky ((al(ulations) did not (ome with a te.t fom the 2itaab o the
Sunnah o (an 1iyaas o I-maa of the Sahabah be used as an e+iden(e fo it) *his
makes it outside of the Shaeeah and attem"tin' to ente it in to the Shaa is a
fla'ant +iolation of the 5ukm Shai)
Se(ondly/
*he knowled'e of astonomi(al (al(ulations (on(enin' the bith of a new moon
based on indi(ations (ould make the Muslims of the +ast and fa westen Islami(
lands be'in thei fastin' a day befoe the Muslims of the !ast) Fo e.am"le those in
the ?est (ould fast on *uesday and those in the east on ?ednesday and this (ould
ha""en if the new moon was bon afte 3hoh (noon) on Monday fo e.am"le) So
a((odin' to Al 5isaab Al Falaky *uesday would be (onsideed the fist day of
$amadhaan fo those in the ?est whilst it would not be (onsideed to be so in the
!ast be(ause the new moon would not ha+e been bon yet fo them and hen(e
would be'in the fastin' of $amadhaan on ?ednesday) *he 5isaab al Falaky system
theefoe has the "otential to s"lit the Muslims into two se"aate "ats o two diffeent
moon a""eain' 3ones) %ne would "e(ede the othe by a day in the (ase whi(h is
o""osite to the Islaami( method that unifies the Muslims in the Islaami( wold makin'
thei be'innin' and endin' of fastin' and the month of $amadhaan and !id one) *he
si'htin' of one -ust witness in any e'ion o"at of the lands of Muslims is suffi(ient
fo all of the Muslims to "o(eed with thei fastin' and thei beakin' of fast at the end
of $amadhaan)
It has been said that Al 5isaab Al Falaky is e.temely "e(ise) It is (a"able of
deteminin' the be'innin's of the Months and thei endin's with "efe(t "e(ision to
the "oint of minutes and se(onds) Also that it is (a"able of deteminin' fo yeas in
ad+an(e (om"letely (an(ellin' out any "otential eo in deteminin' the fast)
?e say to those that/ Allah (swt) did not (ommand us to woshi" him thou'h
followin' the absolutely (oe(t o in that (ase the Muslims would all be destoyed)
$athe 5e (swt) has odeed us to woshi" 5im *aaalaa by what we see as bein'
(oe(t) If we hit the absolute (oe(t -ud'ement then so be it and if we e then it is
still a((e"ted fom us and we ae still ewaded and thee is no 5isaab (a((ountability
fo sin) fo that) *he a(ts of Ibaadah in Islaam ae not issues of (al(ulations whee
we must ai+e at (oe(tness thou'h (al(ulations and s(ientifi( knowled'e) It is
athe Shaeeah and Ahkaam that we ha+e been (ommanded to follow a((odin' to
ou undestandin' and I-tihaad and if we do that Allah (swt) a((e"ts that fom us
whethe o not we ha+e hit the mak e.a(tly in tems of bein' (oe(t o in eo)
An im"otant "oint emains whi(h those who (all fo the use of Al-5isaab Al-Falaky
ely u"on o use in thei defen(e) *his is that Muslims use (al(ulations to detemine
thei "aye times so why (an this "o(ess not be elied u"on fo deteminin' the fast
o 5a-- o !id@ *o answe this ,uestion o should I say Shubha (unwothy doubt) I
say the followin'/
Meily the Shaa Al-5aneef (u"i'ht) did not s"e(ify that the times of Salaah be
detemined by a +isual si'htin' as its method (taee,ah)) So if this method had been
obli'ated u"on us then we would ha+e stu(k to it and e-e(ted Al 5isaab Al Falaky
whi(h is the o""osite to the situation of both Al 5a-- and As-Sawm whee the Shaa
Al 5aneef has s"e(ified the eye si'htin' as its method) *he e+iden(e (lealy show
this/ Fast at its si'ht and end fastin' at its si'ht) Al-5a-- has also been s"e(ified with
the +isual si'htin' as its method and we went thou'h a 5adeeth a little while a'o
whi(h stated/
Fom 5ussein bin Al 5aaith Al Jadaly fom Judailah 1ais that the Amee of Makkah
was makin' the 2hutbah and then said/ *he Messen'e of Allah (saw) made it
bindin' on us to be'in the woshi" (of 5a--) based on its si'htin' and if we did not
see it but two -ust witnesses (ame and boe witness (to its si'htin') then we would
be'in the ites (a(ts of woshi" of 5a--) based on thei testimony) 8aated by Abu
&aawud (466B)) <ayha,i and &aaa,utni also naated it and +eified its soundness
(that its saheeh)) *his 5adeeth states ?e stat the ites (nunsuk) based on its
si'htin') *he wod nunsuk means hee/ ?e be'in to "efom the 5a--) And the
si'htin' hee is the 5ilaal (new moon) of &hul 5i--ah)
So in (on(lusion the Shaa has desi'nated a method to detemine the be'innin's of
the Fast and the 5a-- whi(h is the +isual si'htin' and it did not s"e(ify this
methodolo'y fo detemin' the times of as Salaah o anythin' else) All that it does in
this e'ad is infom us of some of its si'ns elatin' to it and indi(atin' its timin's and
afte that it is u"on us to make i-tihaad usin' these si'ns to detemine the times)
*heefoe the Shaa has diffeentiated between the Salaah on one hand and fastin'
and 5a-- on the othe so it is obli'atoy to hold fast to this diffeentiation and not to
mi. one in to the othe) In addition it is not allowed to make ,iyaas in the aea of
Ibaadaat e.(e"t if it (the te.t) is a((om"anied by an Illah (le'al shaa easonin')
whi(h is absent in all the elated te.ts)
?ith that we say/ It is not "emissible to take Al-5isaab Al-Falaky as a method in the
"la(e of the Shaeeah method# whi(h is the +isual si'htin') Allah (swt) will a((ount
us fo what we know and not what is hidden fom us so we fast and end the fast with
the +isual si'htin' whethe o not the esult is (oe(t o won') *his is be(ause Allah
(swt) has odeed us with this) In addition to the abo+e it only emains to say that we
should still seek hel" and aid fom the s(ientists of Al Falak and thei knowled'e as
was "e+iously dis(ussed in the se(tion Is it allowed to wok with Astonomi(al
(al(ulations (Al-5isaab Al-Falaky)@

5ow lon' is the 5i-i month@
It is well known that without any doubt that the 5i-i luna month is eithe twenty-nine
o thity days and not be less o 'eate than that) *his limitation and s"e(ifi(ation
has (ome in a numbe of ahaadeeth/
0) Fom Awa fom Aaisha (a) who said/
LL ?hen twenty-nine ni'hts wee o+e# whi(h I had (ounted# the Messen'e
of Allah (saw) (ame to me (he (ame to me fist of all)) I said/ Messen'e of
Allah# you had taken an oath that you would not (ome to us fo a month#
wheeas you ha+e (ome afte twenty nine days whi(h I ha+e (ounted)
?heeu"on he said/ *he month may also (onsist of twenty-nine daysNN)
Imaam Muslim (4;4D)# An-8isaai# At-*imidhi# Ibn Maa-ah and Ahmad)
4) %n the authoity of Abdullah ibn Uma (ah) that the 9o"het (saw) said/
LL?e ae an illiteate Ummah (8ation)# we do not wite o (al(ulate) *he
month is like this and this# meanin' one time it is 4H days and anothe 6DNN)
Al-<ukhaai (0H06)# Muslim# Abu &aawud# An-8isaai and Ahmad)
6) Abdullah Ibn Masood (a) said/
LL?e did not fast twenty-nine days with the 9o"het (saw) moe than we
faste thityNN)
At-*imidhi (=B7)# Abu &aawud# Ahmad# Al-<ayha,i# Ad-&aaa,utni)
*abaaani e"oted it in al Mu-am al-Awsat (;47;) on the authoity of Aaisha
(a) and also fom Jaabi (;770) may Allah be "leased with him)
7) Fom Al-?aleed who said/
LL?e fasted in the time of Ali H$a) twenty-ei'ht days# so he odeed us to
make u" a day (,adaa)NN
Al-<ayha,i (4;0:7)# *he meanin' of this 5adeeth is e+ident)
*he Fu,ahaa found a "oblem when they en(ounteed the 5adeeth naated on the
authoity of Abu <akah (a) who said that the 9o"het (saw) said/
LL*wo months ae not defi(ient (o do not de(ease)) *he two months of !id#
$amadhaan and &hul 5i--aNN)
Al-<ukhaai (0H04)# Muslim# At-*imidhi# Ibn Maa-ah and Ahmad)
At-*imidhi said that Ahmad said that/ *he meanin' of this hadeeth E the two months
of !id ae not defi(ient E he said/ Is that these two months do not de(ease to'ethe
within the same yea) If one is lessened then the othe is (om"leted to its full tem) Al
Isha, howe+e said its meanin' is that they ae not defi(ient) If it is twenty-nine days
then it is (om"lete and not defi(ient and a((odin' to his (Isha,s) madhab it is
allowed fo the two months to be less than thity within the same yea) It has been
e"oted that Isha, stated/ *hey (the two months) ae not de(eased in meit whethe
o not they ae twenty-nine o thity days) Ibn 5ibbaan mentioned two meanin's fo
this 5adeeth/ *he fist# what Isha, had stated and the se(ond that the two months
ae e,ual in meit) *his is due to anothe 5adeeth *hee ae no days in whi(h deeds
ae bette than the ten of &hul 5i--ah) It has also been said that they do not de(ease
the yea itself and that was the yea in whi(h the 9o"het (saw) said this statement) It
is said that it means that they ae not de(eased o defi(ient in elation to Ahkaam
(ules) whi(h was the +iew of Al-<ayha,i and At *ahaawi) Also# that the ewad of
&hul 5i--ah is not de(eased fom the ewad of $amadhaan be(ause it has the
Manaasik (s"e(ifi( ites and a(ts of woshi") whi(h was the o"inion of Al-2hitaabi)
An-8awawi stated/ *he most (oe(t o"inion is that that the ewads of these months
ae not made defi(ient e+en if thee numbe in days maybe (meanin' if the month
only has twenty-nine days))
My o"inion and that whi(h I find ston'est is that Allah (swt) has detemined fo both
of these months thou'hout all yeas and time an established ewad whi(h does not
in(ease o de(ease) *his is whethe o not the months ea(h twenty-nine o thity
days in len'th) *his means that whoe+e has fasted twenty-nine days and stood fo
"aye in its ni'hts then he will obtain the same ewad as if he had done that fo
thity days) *he A- and *hawaab (ewad) in the two months is the same e+en if one
of them is shote by a day than the othe) Allah (swt) 'i+es of his bounty to who he
wills# and blesses whoe+e "efoms the "illas of Islaam with the most (om"lete and
bountiful of ewads)
And thee is no "oblem if I mention hee that Ilm ul Falak (astonomy) states that
the luna (moon) month (omes in a fi.ed manne and does not in(ease o de(ease
and that it is a""o.imately twenty-nine and a half days) ?ith moe "e(ision it is said
to be twenty-nine days and ;6X o a day o twenty-nine days# 04 hous and 77
minutes) *he luna yea is 6;7 days and 6=X so it is a""o.imately 00 days shote
than the sun (Ge'oian) yea))
*he Fastin' of the 5aaid and 8ufasaaa (Menstuatin' and Fhild bith bleedin'
woman)/
Allah (swt) has emo+ed the obli'ation of As-Salaah ("aye) fom the 5aaid and
8ufasaaa and has emo+ed the takleef (le'al es"onsibility) so thee is no Salaah fo
them in these two "eiods of menstuation and (hild bith bleedin') As su(h thee is
no 1adaa (makin' u") fo the missed Salawaat whi(h is not the same fo fastin'
be(ause the takleef is not taken away) Allah (swt) has delayed fo them the
"efoman(e afte they ha+e finished fom these two states) <e(ause the 5aaid and
8ufasaaa ae e,uied to make u" thei missed fasts then this is an e+iden(e that
the obli'ation of fastin' has not been lifted fom them like it has in the Salaah) *he
takleef (le'al obli'ation) is not lifted and the "efoman(e of the fast has meely been
delayed) *hose who ha+e not diffeentiated between the Salaah and Fastin' and
state that in both the (ases of the 5aaid and 8ufasaaa the takleef has been lifted
ha+e stayed away fom "e(ision) It was waa-ib fo them to say that Allah (swt) has
obli'ated fastin' u"on the 5aaid and 8ufasaaa and has made the "efoman(e of
the obli'ation afte they ha+e finished the "eiod of bleedin')
As fo why Allah (swt) did not make the Salaah and the Sawm the same in this issue
in elation to the 5aaid and 8ufasaaa@ *he answe to this# is that both the Salaah
and the Sawm ae a(ts of Ibaadah (woshi")# and Ibaadah is not easoned and
easonin' is not sot in it and (an (as a 'eneal ule) only be taken when a shaeeah
te.t (omes with the Illa (le'al eason)) In this issue an Illa does not e.ist fo this
diffeentiation so we say that the diffeen(e is not easoned and we ae not "emitted
to bin' ou own easonin's fom ou mind) Fo e.am"le it has been said that Salaah
is a (ontinuous a(tion thou'h the day and ni'ht fo the entie lifes"an) If the *akleef
was emo+ed fo a few days then it would ha+e little effe(t o+eall wheeas fastin'
only (omes on(e in the yea in $amadhaan) If a woman was to ha+e (hild bith
bleedin' at the be'innin' of the month then she would miss the fast fo the whole
yea and this (ould ha""en to he and be e"eated in followin' yeas so she may end
u" missin' many yeas of fastin') Fo this eason it has been said a woman has
been odeed to make u" he fasts and not he "ayes) *his ty"e of a'umentation
and easonin' is a mistake and it is not "emitted fo any Fa,eeh o anyone else to
use)
*he issue of diffeentiation between the Salaah and Sawm in elation to the 5aaid
and 8ufasaaa is a'eed u"on between the Muslims and only a 'ou" of 2hawaai-
and Al-5auuiyah ha+e +iewed them as bein' the same in tems of *akleef) As a
esult they ha+e also odeed the Salaah to be made u" like the 1adaa of the Sawm)
In this issue the followin' Ahaadeeth ha+e been mentioned/
4) %n the authoity of Muaadha who said/
LLI asked Aaisha (a) and said/ ?hat is the thinkin' behind the 5aaid
makin' 1adaa fo the Sawm and not fo the Salaah@ She said/ Ae you fom
the 5auuiyah@ I said/ 8o# I was -ust askin') She said/ ?e wee affli(ted by
that so we wee (ommanded to make the 1adaa fo the fastin' but we wee
not odeed to make 1adaa fo the SalaahNN
Muslim (>=6)# Al <ukhaai# Abu &aawud# An-8isaai and At-*imidhi) *he
5auuiyah efes to a 'ou" of 2hawaai- that a""eaed in a +illa'e (alled
5auuaa nea Al-2uufa in al-Ia,)
6) Abu saeed (a) said/ *he 9o"het (saw) said/
LLIs it not the (ase that when the woman menstuates she does not "ay o
fast@ So this is (what is meant by) defi(ien(y:shot(omin' in he &eenNN)
Al-<ukhaai (0H;0) and Ibn 2hu3aimah)
7) Fom Aaisha (a) who said/
LL?e wee menstuatin' whilst with the 9o"het (saw) so he odeed us to
make 1adaa of the fasts that we missedNN)
Ibn Maa-ah (0=>D)) An-8isaai (460B) naated it with the followin' wodin'/
LL?e use to menstuate in the time of the 9o"het (saw) and then "uify
ousel+es so he odeed us to make u" (,adaa) ou missed fasts but not ou
missed salawaat ("ayes)NN)
*he 5aaid and 8ufasaaa emain fom fastin' as lon' as blood is flowin' in eithe of
the two "eiods) If the blood sto"s befoe Fa- and then Fa- (omes and she has not
yet made 'husl then a((odin' to the Madhhab of the Ulamaa it is (oe(t fo he to
fast) *he e.(e"tion to this is the +iew of al-Aw3aaiy and one of the +iews attibuted
to Imaam Maalik that states that the fastin' is made Faasid if she has not made
'husl befoe its be'innin')
*he (oe(t +iew is the fist) If the 5aaid o 8ufasaa sto" bleedin' o the "eiod of
time has finished then they ae no lon'e (onsideed to be 5aaid o 8ufasaaa and
fastin' has be(ome obli'atoy on them) It is not (oe(t that the 'husl (full "uifyin'
wash) is what announ(es the end of the "eiod of 5ayd o 8ifaas and that it is
ne(essay to be'in fastin') *he (oe(t +iew is that Allah (swt) has (ommanded the
'husl at the end of the 5ayd and 8ifaas but the 'husl is not the si'n that indi(ates
the endin' of the two "eiods o is what de(laes the two "eiods to be o+e) *he
woman (an make 'husl immediately afte he blood has sto""ed o she (an wait a
few hous to wash) It is the sto""in' of blood that (auses the end of the two "eiods
and the obli'ation of 'husl is an alto'ethe diffeent issue) Fom this it (an be said
that when a womans bleedin' has (eased it be(omes obli'atoy u"on he to fast
without thei bein' any link between he fastin' and the "efoman(e of 'husl)
*he fastin' of a "eson that be(omes Junuban (im"ue)/
*he +iew of the ma-oity is that the fast emains +alid and thee is no ,adaa fo it if
the fastin' "eson awakes in an im"ue state without any diffeen(e to whethe the
-anaabah (state of im"uity) aises fom inte(ouse# deamin' o desie) An-8awawi
is fim in that the I-maa of the Ulamaa has settled on that) Ibn Al-!id said that it has
be(ome an I-maa o like an I-maa) Ibn Abdil <i e"oted fom Al-5asan bin Saalih
and Ibaaheem An-8akhi the obli'ation of 1adaa in the obli'atoy (fad) but not
e.ta e(ommended (*attawu) fasts) Al-Mawadi e"ots that the diffeen(e is in the
i'ht of the im"ue "eson in elation to the one who has "efomed inte(ouse whilst
in the (ase of e-a(ulation whilst deamin' thee is (onsensus in that the fastin' is
+alid) At-*imidhi said/ A 'ou" of the taabeen said/ If you wake u" Junuban (im"ue)
then you make ,adaa fo that day) *his is the summay of statements and o"inions in
this masala (issue)) In ode to 'et to the (oe(t o"inion then it is ne(essay to
e.amine the followin' Ahaadeeth that ae elated to it/
0) Aaisha (a) said/
LLI bea witness that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) would definitely wake u"
and he was in the state of Janaabah afte inte(ouse and not fom deamin'
and he fastedNN)
Al-<ukhaai (0B60)# Muslim# An-8isaai# Ahmad and Ibn 5ibbaan) Muslim
(4;H0) also naated fom he (a)/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) would wake u" in the state of Janaabah
afte inte(ouse and not fom deamin'# he would then neithe beak his fast
o make u" (,adaa)NN)
Al- <ukhaai (0H6D) and Muslim also naated fom Aaisha (a) that/
LLFa- (ame u"on the 9o"het (saw) and he was Junuban not fom deamin'
in the month of $amadhaan so he made Ghusl and fastedNN) *hee is also
naated a 5adeeth with simila wodin' on the authoity of Umm Salamah
(a))
4) Fom Abu Aounus the Mawla of Aaisha (a) e"otin' about he/
LLA man (ame to the 9o"het (saw) askin' fo a +edi(t and she (ould hea
fom behind the doo) 5e said/ % Messen'e of Allah# the time of Salaah
(ame u"on me and I was in a state of -anaabah and I fast) So the Messen'e
of Allah (saw) e"lied/ And I also am in a state of -anaabah when the time of
Salaah (omes and I fast)))NN
Muslim (4;H6)# Abu &aawud# An-8isaai# Ahmad# Ibn 5ibbaan and Ibn
2hu3aimah)
6) Fom Aaisha and Umm Salamah may Allah (swt) be "leased with them both/
*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) would be in a state of Janaabah fom one of
his wi+es e+en afte the be'innin' of Fa-# he would then make Ghusl and
fast)))NN)
Al-<ukhaai# (0H4;-=)# Muslim# At-*imidhi# Ahmad# Ibn 5ibbaan and Ad-
&aaami in a diffeent wodin')
*hese fou naations ae Saheeh and they all mention that the Messen'e of Allah
(saw) was in a state of Janaabah when Fa- had be'an due to inte(ouse with his
wi+es and not be(ause of what o((ued in his deam) *he fifth e"ot mentions that
he would be in a state of -anaabah at Fa- without s"e(ifyin' the (i(umstan(es)
*hese naations ae (lea in meanin' to su""ot the o"inion of the ma-oity and
whi(h nealy all of the Ulamaa and Fu,ahaa ha+e a'eed with) *hese e+iden(es ae
also a ((on(lusi+e) e"ly to those who hold anothe o"inion)
As fo what Abu 5uaiah (a) e"oted fom the Messen'e (saw)/
LLIf you ae (alled to Salaah (i)e) Adhaan)# the Salaah of Subh (fa-) and any of you
ae in the state of -anaabah then do not fast on that dayNN) Ahmad (B06D))
In elation to this Abu 5uaiah eta(ted his own +edi(t as Abi bin Abi Umayyah the
bothe of Umm Salamah (a) e"oted that she told him/ *he Messen'e of Allah
(saw) used to wake u" -unuban and would then fast so Abu 5uaiah withdew his
o"inion) Ibn 5ibbaan (6;DD)# Ahmad# *abaaani# At-*ahaawi# Abu &aawud and At
*ayalasi with a saheeh sanad ((hain))
Abu <ak bin Abdu $ahman said/ I head Abu 5uaiah (a) say when he was
talkin'/ ?hoe+e awakes in Janaabah should not fast) So I mentioned this to Abdu
$ahman bin Al-5aaith (his fathe) and he e-e(ted the +edi(t so we went to'ethe
until we ea(hed the esiden(e of Aaisha and Umm Salamah (a)) Abdu $ahman
asked them about this issue) *hey both said/ *he 8abi used to wake -unaban not due
to deamin' (i)e) by inte(ouse) and would then fast) ?e then left until we ea(hed
Mawaan and Abdu $ahman mentioned the issue to him) Mawaan said/ I ha+e
made it fo you to 'o and es"ond to what he is sayin') 5e said/ So we (ame to Abu
5uaiah# And Abu <ak was "esent the whole time) 5e said/ Abdu $ahman
bou'ht u" the issue with him so he asked/ &id those two (Aaisha and Umm
Salamah) say that to you@ 5e said/ yes) 5e e"lied/ *hey ae moe knowled'eable
and then he eta(ted what he had been sayin' to Al-Fadl ibn Abbaas on this issue
and then he (Abu 5uaiah) said/ I head that fom Al-Fadl but I had ne+e head it
fom the 8abi (saw)) Abu 5uaiah (fom that time) eta(ted fom what he had been
sayin' about that hadeeth) I asked Abdul Maalik/ &id they (Aaisha and Umm
Salamah) say it in $amadhaan@ 5e e"lied/ Likewise (i)e) also in $amadhaan) he
used to wake u" Junuban fom othe than deamin' and then fast) Muslim (4;BH)#
An-8isaai# ibn Maa-ah# Ahmad# Ibn 5ibbaan) *he Abu <ak who naates this
hadeeth is Abu <ak Abdu $ahman)
Also Muhammad ibn Abdu $ahman ibn *hawbaan said that he head Abu 5uaiah
(a) sayin'/ ?hoe+e e-a(ulates when he is deamin' o has inte(ouse with his
wi+es and then fa- ai+es u"on him and he has not yet made 'husl# should not fast)
Afte that I head that he had withdawn this o"inion of his)AnYnisaai in As-Sunan Al-
2ubaa (4H7D) and Ibn Abi Shaibah (7H7:4) naated fom Saeed Ibn ul-Musayyib
who said/ Abu 5uaiah withdew fom his +edi(t that whoe+e wakes u" Junuban
should not fast)
?ith su(h "oof that Abu 5uaiah withdew his o"inion thee doesnt emain any
oom fo a'ument o doubt fo those who ha+e 'one a'ainst the ma-oity in this
issue)
*he sin of the one that beaks his fast in $amadhaan without an e.(use/
Fastin' in $amadhaan is a "illa fom the fi+e "illas of Islaam# so it is one of the fi+e
'eat "illas) As su(h the one who ne'le(ts this "illa o falls shot in its "efoman(e
is wothy of a "ainful "unishment in the heeafte in addition to the "unishment that
he should e(ei+e in this life fom the "unishments im"osed by the 2hilafah state)
5ee is a (olle(tion of ahaadeeth and e"ots (aathaa) that wan a'ainst beakin'
fast in $amadhaan/
0) Abi Umaamah (a) said/ I head the Messen'e of Allah (saw) sayin'/
LL?hilst I was aslee" two men (ame with me and took me by my am))) 5e
said/ *hen we saw a "eo"le han'in' by thei tendons# the (ones of thei
mouths wee (a(ked and blooded was flowin' fom them) I asked/ ?ho ae
these "eo"le@ *hey said/ *hose ae the "eo"le who boke thei fasts befoe
its time)))NN
An-8isaai (64>6) in his As-Sunan Al-2ubaa) Ibn 5ibbaan# Ibn 2hu3aimah#
Al-<ayha,i# Al-5aakim and At-*abaaani in his Al-Mu-am Al-2abee also
naated it) It has been +eified as bein' saheeh by Al-5aakim# Adh-&hahabi
and Al-5aithami)
4) Ibn Masood (a) said/
LL?hoe+e beaks a day of fastin' in $amadhaan without a ukhsah
(shaeeah "emission) he will meet Allah with it and e+en if he fasts the entie
time afte that# if Allah wills he will be fo'i+en and if he wills he will be
"unishedNN)
At-*abaaani in al-Mu-am al-2abee (H;>;:H)) Al-5aithami said that its "eo"le
(naatos) ae tust wothy) Ibn 5a3m also naated it with diffeent wodin'
and it was naated by At-*imidhi (>0H)# Abu &aawud# Ibn Maa-ah# Ahmad#
Ad-&aaa,utni# Al-<ayha,i and Ad-&aaami fom Abu 5uaiah (a))
6) Abu 5uaiah (a)/
LLA man boke his fast in the day of $amadhaan so Abu 5uaiah said/ *he
fast of a yea will not be a((e"ted fom himNN)
Ibn 5a3m (0B7:=) in Al-Muhalla) In anothe naation also fom Ibn 5a3m
(0B7:=)/
LL?hoe+e (unlawfully) beaks a fast of $amadhaan then no day fom the
days of the dunya (an make u" fo itNN)
Ibn Abi Shaibah (;0=:4) naated that Ali (a) said/
LL?hoe+e misses o beaks his fast intentionally then the entiety of time will
ne+e make u" fo thatNN)
7) %n the authoity of Abi Mawan/
LLAli ibn Abi *aalib (a) (ame u"on An-8a-aashi who had dunk al(ohol in
$amadhaan so he lashed him ei'hty times) 5e then lashed him twenty times
the followin' day sayin'/ ?e lashed you twenty fo you 'oin' a'ainst Allah
and you beakin' of fast in $amadhaanNN)
Ibn 5a3m in his Al-Muhalla (0B7:=) and At-*ahaawi and its sanad ((hain) is
Saheeh) An-8a-aashi in this hadeeth efes to a "oet (alled 1ays ibn Al-
5aaithi) Ali (a) odeed his whi""in' so he fled to Muaawiyah)
*heefoe the hadeeth and the thee (o fi+e) Aathaa (e"ots not fom the 9o"het
(saw)) "o+ide a (lea indi(ation and meanin' of the 'eat sin attibuted to the one
who beaks -ust one fast in the month of $amadhaan) So what about the one who
does not fast a whole month o many months@@
*he one who studies these Aathaa with "e(ision will find fom the wodin' used in
them that they ae unlikely to e"esent the undestandin's of the Sahaabah o thei
I-tihaadaat) Statements like this ae +ey fa away fom the likelihood of oi'inally
bein' fom them) ?ith that said I do not e'ad them as e+iden(es# but athe they
ae si'ns (indi(ations) and Shaeeah ules whi(h ae +alid to be a((e"ted and it is
allowed to make ta,leed (imitation and followin') fo the one who made the
statement)
*he Fastin' of the youn'/
*he ma-oity hold the +iew that the fastin' of those who ha+e not yet ea(hed the a'e
of matuity (baali'h) to be not obli'atoy) A 'ou" of the *aabieen in(ludin' ibn sien#
Ibn Shihaab A3-Iuhi +iewed it to be mustahabb (e(ommended)) Imaam Ash-Shaafi
said/ If the youn' "eson is (a"able then he is odeed to so that he (an tain:"e"ae
himself u"on it) 5is "eo"le defined it to the a'e of se+en and ten like in the Salaah
whilst Isha, s"e(ified twel+e yeas of a'e and Ahmad ten) Al-Aw3aai said/ If the
youn' "eson (an fast thee days without weakenin' then he (an bea the fastin' (of
$amadhaan)) *he well known o"inion in the Maaliki Madhhab states that fastin' has
not been le'islated fo them)
In li'ht of the abo+e# I say the followin'/
*his is an issue in whi(h thee was no need fo the Ulamaa and Fu,ahaa to ha+e
diffeent undestandin's) *his is be(ause it is known that the takaaleef Ash-
Shaeeah (i)e) the es"onsibility and obli'ation to abide by the shaeeah and
a((ountability) is established on the shat ((ondition) of buloo'h (matuity)) If he is
matue then he is Mukallaf (es"onsible and a((ountable) and if he is not matue
then he is not le'ally es"onsible) *heefoe when the Shaa has odeed someone
below the a'e of <uloo'h to "efom an a(tion o has odeed the ?ali al-Am
('uadian) of the (hild to ode him to fulfil an a(tion# then in this (ase it is fo the
"u"ose of tainin' and "e"ain' only like Ash-Shaafi said) It is not obli'atoy at all
fo the youn' to "efom it e+en if he and his ?ali al-Am ae ewaded fo
undetakin' the a(tions and this theefoe a""lies to the (ase of fastin') *he ?ali al-
Am odes his (hild to fast and en(oua'es him but to the "oint whee this
en(oua'ement does not lead to Ikaah and I-baa ((om"ulsion and fo(in')) If the
boy:'il a(ts in a((odan(e to this then thee is a blessin' in it and if he:she efuses
then thee is no sin on them o the ?ali al-Am)
As fo when the (hild should be asked to fast the Shaa has not s"e(ified a s"e(ifi(
a'e like it did in the (ase of As-Salaah) It is not (oe(t to make ,iyaas (analo'y) in
Ibadah so the Siyaam (annot be analo'ised with Salaah) *he a'e theefoe emains
'eneal and not s"e(ified and absolute and not esti(ted) *he matte ests with the
+iew of the Awliya-Al-Am ('uadian) in elation to the sten'th# health and "hysi(al
ability of thei (hilden to undetake the fast)
?e mentioned a hadeeth ealie that elates to this issue) A-$ubee bint Muawwidh
(a) said/
LL*he day followin' Aashooah the 9o"het (saw) sent a messa'e to the +illa'es of
the Ansaa/ ?hoe+e woke u" not fastin' then let him stay like that and whoe+e has
awoke and he is fastin' then he should fast) She said/ ?e use to fast and make ou
youn' ones fast) ?e made toys fo them out of wool and if one of them would (y
be(ause of food we would 'i+e them the toy until the time of Iftaa (i)e) to dista(t
them))
Al-<ukhaai (0H=D)# Muslim# Ibn 5ibbaan# Ibn 2hu3aimah# Al-<ayha,i and At-
*ahaawi)
*he sub-e(t of this naation is the e(ommended fast (at-tatawwu) as we
as(etained ealie and the e(ommended fast is not obli'atoy on the adults so it (an
definitely not be so fo the youn') In e'ads to the (hilden bein' amused with
woollen toys at the time of the fast indi(ates that the Sahaabah use to tain thei
youn' with fastin' was most "obably between fi+e and se+en as this is the a'e
whee (hilden (ould be dista(ted fom thei fastin' by this kind of toy) *his a'e
howe+e does not e,uie bein' (ommitted to) Al-<ukhaai mentions in a (omment
i)e) without a sanad ((hain) this (atha) e"ot/ Uma (a) said to a 8ishwaan in
$amadhaan/ ?oe to you fo what you ha+e done and (e+en) ou (hilden ae fastin')
5e then beat him) *he meanin' of this is that a man had be (au'ht dinkin' in
$amadhaan and 8ishwaan means Sukaan (dunk)) So Uma (a) e"imanded him
and beat him sayin'/ And ou (hilden ae fastin'@ Meanin' that you beak you fast
and also dink al(ohol whilst ou (hilden ae fastin'@ So in (on(lusion the oi'in of
this issue is that Muslims 'et thei youn' use to "efomin' a(tions whi(h they will be
obli'ed to (ay when they ae olde and this should be done a((odin' to the
(hildens (a"ability)

*he fastin' of the 9e'nant (5aamil) and <eastfeedin' (Mudi) woman/
*he followin' has been e"oted on this issue/
0) Anas bin Maalik E a man fom <ani Abdullah bin 2aab the bothes of <ani
1ushai E said/
LL*he messen'e of Allah (saw) said/ Sit down# I would like to talk to you
about As-Salaah and As-Sawm) Allah (swt) has "ut aside hal of the Salaah
and As-Sawm fom the Musaafi (ta+elle)# the one who beast feeds and the
"e'nant# <y Allah he eithe said both of them to'ethe o one of them)))NN)
Abu &aawud (47DB)# An-8isaai# Ibn Maa-ah and Ahmad) *his is the laf3h
(wodin') in the +esion bou'ht by An-8isaai/
LLMeily Allah (swt) has lifted fom the Musaafi half of the "aye and also
fom the one who beastfeeds o is "e'nantNN)
At-*imidhi naated it and +eified it as a 5asan naation)
4) Anas <in Maalik (a) said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) has 'i+en a $ukhsah (shaeeah
"emission) to the "e'nant woman to not fast if she feas fo heself and also
to the beastfeedin' woman who feas fo he (hildNN)
Ibn Maa-ah (0==B) and Ibn Adi)
At-*imidhi stated/ A se(tion of the "eo"le of Ilm said/ *he "e'nant (haamil) and
the beastfeedin' woman (Mudi) beak thei fast# and make 1adaa and feed othe
"eo"le (the "oo) and this has been said by Sufyaan Ath-*hawi# Maalik# Ash-Shaafi
and Ahmad bin 5anbal) Some othes ha+e said/ *hey beak thei fast and feed
"eo"le but thee is no 1adaa u"on them and if they wished to make ,adaa then
thee is no feedin' obli'ed u"on them) Al-5asan Al-<asi# Ataa# Ad-&ahaak#
Ibaheem An-8akhi# Al-Aw3aai# Ikamah# $abeea and the "eo"le of A-$ai
(eason) all held the o"inion that if the "e'nant woman feaed fo heself (i)e) he
health) and the Mudi feaed fo the health of he (hild# she should beak he fast
and not feed othes be(ause they ae in the "osition of the ill "eson (al-Maeed) who
beaks fast and then makes 1adaa fo what he:she has missed) *his is also the
o"inion of Abu Ubaid# Abu *haw and Ibn Al-Mundhi) *his is also the +iew of Maalik
fo the "e'nant woman but in elation to the Mudi (beastfeedin') he obli'es the
1adaa and feedin' of the "oo) Ash-Shaafi and Ahmad/ *hey (both) beak fast and
make 1adaa if they fea fo themsel+es only o fo themsel+es and thei (hilden) As
fo when they fea fo thei (hilden only then they ha+e to make 1adaa and "ay a
fidyah (ansom) fo e+ey day that has "assed)
In elation to this# and fom Allah (omes at-*awfee,# the followin'/
As fo the "emission fo the 5aamil and Mudi to beak thei fast then thee is no
dis"ute amon'st the Fu,ahaa on this and this is (oe(t) *he fist 5adeeth is a daleel
(e+iden(e) fo this (*hat Allah (swt) has lifted)))the fast fom the Musaafi and
"e'nant and beastfeedin' woman)) Just as it is allowed fo a Musaafi to not fast
be(ause ta+ellin' is a $ukhsah and e.(use# it is also allowed fo the 5aamil and
Mudi to not fast) *he "e'nan(y and beastfeedin' ae in this (ase the shaeeah
$ukhsah and Udh (e.(use)) *he fist te.t (ame in a 'eneal way (Aam) fo the
"e'nant and beastfeedin' woman wheeas the se(ond (ame with a s"e(ifi(ation
that the "e'nant woman feas fo heself and the beastfeedin' woman feas fo he
(hild and it is obli'atoy to take this takhsees (s"e(ifi(ation)) And I say the followin'/
If the "e'nant lady feas fo heself be(ause of the "e'nan(y then she (an beak
he fast and if the beastfeedin' woman feas fo he (hild be(ause of the
beastfeedin' then she (an also beak he fast) If howe+e thee is no fea (of ham)
then it is not allowed fo the fast to be boken be(ause the Aam ('eneal) is always
(aied o+e the khaass (s"e(ifi()) *he 1adaa of the missed fasts is a must and the
+iew of Isha, that she (an make ,adaa if she wished is in(oe(t) ?hat has been
naated fom Ibn Abbaas (a) is also in(oe(t that the "e'nant and beastfeedin'
woman do n not make ,adaa) *his is what (ame in a naation (olle(ted by Ad-
&aaa,utni (4D=:4) in his Sunun on the way of Saeed ibn Jubay that/ Ibn Abbaas
said to a mothe of a (hild who was "e'nant o beastfeedin'/ Aou ae of those who
do not ha+e to fast# you ha+e the ewad but not the obli'ation of Al-1adaa) Abu
&aawud and al-<a33aa naated it with its meanin') It is also not (oe(t (saheeh)
was has been e"oted fom 1ataadah and Ibn Uma (a) with a statement that 'oes
ba(k to Ibn Abbaas (a)) It (ame in the Musannaf of Abd-u-$a33aa, fom 1ataadah
(>;;=) and fom Ibn Uma (>;;B) that they (both) said that the "e'nant and
beastfeedin' woman beaks he fast# feeds a "oo "eson fo e+ey day missed and
that thee is no 1adaa u"on he) Ad-&aaa,utni (4D>:4) naated simila to this fom
Ibn Uma (ah))
In elation to the fist $iwaayah (naation) fom Ibn Abbaas and (olle(ted by Ad-
&aaa,utni whi(h says that thee is ewad but no 1adaa then this is (ontay to the
naation of Abd-u-$a33aa, (>;=7) whi(h states ,adaa and no feedin') &ue to this
the e"ot of Ibn Abbaas has doubt in it and should be theefoe left) *his is in
addition to the fa(t that it is ,awl Sahaabi (the statement of a Sahaabi) and the
statements of the Sahaabah ae not (le'itimate) e+iden(es as we ha+e mentioned on
numeous o((asions) *he same (an also be said about the statement that is
attibuted to Ibn Uma (a))
As fo the Shaeeah e+iden(e then this is the fist 5adeeth mentioned) *his 'a+e
one -ud'ement to the *a+elle# "e'nant and beastfeedin' woman and that is that
Allah (swt) has lifted fom the obli'ation of fastin') *he hadeeth did not diffeentiate
between them so those who do ha+e made a mistake in the (on(lusions they ha+e
(ome to) So in the same way the Musaafi must make u" his fast# then the 5aamil
and Mudi likewise must do so and no (onsideation should be 'i+en to the o"inion
that al-1adaa is not obli'atoy on them)
As fo the o"inion that they should feed fo the days that they miss then thee e.ists
no shaeeah e+iden(e fo this +iew not in the 2itaab of Allah (swt) o the Sunnah of
the Messen'e of Allah (saw)) *hese (an only be +iewed as o"inions and I-tihaadaat
of the Sahaabah and the fu,ahaa afte them and we (an only bind ousel+es in ou
Ibaadah to what Allah (swt) and his Messen'e (saw) ha+e "o+ided in le'islation)
*hose who ha+e said that thee is no feedin' ae the Ahnaaf (madhhab of Imaam
Abu 5aneefah) and they hold the (oe(t o"inion in this issue)
*hee is no fastin' fo the one who is Ma-noon (lost his mind) o Un(ons(ious:"assed
out/
Imaam Abu 5aneefah said/ *he fast of the one who loses (ons(iousness:"asses out
is +alid be(ause his intention was +alid) If he loses his senses afte makin' his
intention then this does not "e+ent the +alidity of the fast -ust like slee"in' doesnt)
Ash-Shaafi said/ If the -unoon (loss of mind) o((us in a "at of the day then this
makes the fast faasid (in+alid) be(ause its state "e+ents the obli'ation of fastin' like
in the (ase of the menstuation) Ash-Shaafi and Ahmad both said/ ?hoe+e "asses
out fo the whole day without (omin' aound fo any "at of it then his fast is in+alid)
In the book Ash-Shah al-2abee of Shams-ud-&een bin 1udaamah it is stated/ ?e
do not know of any diffeen(e in elation to the obli'ation of 1adaa on the one who
has "assed out be(ause its time is usually shot and he is not "la(ed unde
'uadianshi") 5is situation in tems of *akleef (le'al es"onsibility) is the same as the
slee"in' "eson howe+e in the (ase of the Ma-noon then thee is no 1adaa fo what
has "assed) *his is the +iew of Abu *haw and Ash-Shaafi in his moe e(ent
o"inion) Maalik said/ *he fast is made u" (,adaa) e+en if yeas ha+e "assed and
Ahmad and Ash-Shaafi in his olde o"inion a'ee with this) *hei eason is be(ause
the absen(e of mind (a,l) does not "e+ent the obli'ation of fastin' like "assin' out)
Imaam Abu 5aneefah said/ If he is insane fo the whole month then thee is no
1adaa u"on him and if he awakens fom his loss of mind in the month then he will
make 1adaa fo what has "assed be(ause the loss of mind does not ne'ate the fast)
*he e+iden(e fo this is that if he loses his mind in the middle of a fast it does not
make the fast in+alid so if it ha""ens in the middle of the month he is e,uied to
make ,adaa like the one who has "assed out) 5e undetook a "at of $amadhaan
and he was Aa,il (of sound mind) so fastin' be(ame (om"ulsoy -ust like if he had
awoken in a "at of the day)
In elation to the abo+e and fom Allah (swt) (omes the tuth# I say the followin'/
Indeed the 1alam ("en) meanin' *akleef (le'al es"onsibility) has been lifted fom
thee/ Fom the Ma-noon until he e'ains his sanity# the boy until he ea(hes matuity
and fom the slee"in' "eson until he awakens) *his is like what has (ome in a
hadeeth fom Abu &aawud (77D6)# At-*imidhi and Ahmad fom Ali (a)/
LL*he 9o"het (saw) said/ *he "en has been lifted fom thee/ Fom the slee"in'
"eson until he wakes u"# fom the boy until he matues and fom the Ma-noon until
he e'ains his mindNN) Al-<ukhaai mentions it in the book of at-*allaa, maw,oofan)
Ibn Maa-ah# Ad-&aaami and An-8isaai naated it fom Aaisha (a))
In elation to the *akleef of fastin'# then fastin' is aised fom the slee"e until he
awake# the boy until he is baali'h (matue) o the 'il ea(hes the matuity of a
woman and the one who has lost his mind until he awakens fom that state o e'ains
the fa(ulties of his mind) So thee is no fastin' fo the slee"in' "eson o youn' o
Ma-noon as lon' as they emain in thei (ondition) If they (ome out of that state then
they be(ome at on(e Mukallifoon (le'ally es"onsible)) So on that if the Ma-noon
"asses thou'h a whole day o moe than that without his mind etunin' then thee
is no *akleef on him o fast and thee is no 1adaa u"on him fo what he has missed
o any days whi(h he missed and he was Ma-noon) *his is simila to the one who
"asses out# if he is un(ons(ious fo a whole day whee a ni'ht and day has "assed
without him awakenin') *hen thee is no fastin' o 1adaa fo him be(ause both the
Ma-noon and the one who has "assed out ae not Mukallif (le'ally es"onsible) and it
is u"on those who sti"ulate 1adaa to bin' an e+iden(e fom the Shaeeah)
Fastin' the month of $amadhaan is an a(t of Ibaadah (woshi") that is e"eated
e+ey day) Fastin' if the abstention of those thin's that what beak it (food# dink#
intimate elations et()))) and it is not (oe(t to +iew the fastin' of the whole month of
fastin' as a sin'le a(t of Ibaadah whi(h e,uies a sin'le intention fo its entie
"eiod) *he (oe(t +iew is that e+ey day fom the days of $amadhaan is a se"aate
inde"endent a(t of Ibaadah and theefoe e,uies a s"e(ifi( niyah# whi(h is
obli'atoy e+ey ni'ht befoe the (omin' of fa-)
!+ey a(t of Ibaadah is taw,eefiyah meanin' that ea(h one of them has been
established by an Ayah of 1uan# 5adeeth o fom the (onsensus (I-maa) of the
Sahaabah) As su(h it is not allowed fo Ibaadah to be established based on 1iyaas
and the a(ts of Ibaadah ae not easoned e.(e"t in the +ey ae (ase whee thee is
a te.t with an Illa (shaeeah eason)) If thee is a te.t then we take it as e+iden(e but
if it is absent then we e-e(t any o"inion without any e'ad to the numbe of its
adheents)
<ased on this I say/ *he Ma-noon and un(ons(ious ha+e no *akleef o fast u"on
them and they ha+e no obli'ation to make u" fo any fasts that they ha+e missed#
whethe it is a day# many days o the entie month and this is (lea) As fo if someone
made the intention to fast in the ni'ht# then afte this he is tu(k by loss of sanity o
he "asses out fo a "at of the day and then he awakes# then he has fasted that day#
thee is no ,adaa on him and he is like the one who has been aslee") If someone
makes an intention at ni'ht and then slee"s fo a "at of the day whethe fo a lon' o
small "at of it# in the be'innin'# middle o end of the day then he has fasted that day)
*he loss of senses has not hamed his fast be(ause the loss of the senses does not
"e+ent the +alidity of the fast whi(h is also the o"inion of Imam Abu 5aneefah)

Someone (ould say howe+e/ If the one who "asses out is simila to the one who is
aslee" then why is it e,uied fo the one who is slee"in' to make u" what he has
missed of his Salaah as soon as he awakes and it is not e,uied of the one who
"asses out to do the same with his fast@ *he answe to this is linked to what we said
ealie that the a(ts of Ibaadah ae not easoned but they ae *aw,eefi (taken
die(tly fom the e+elation as it is) and in addition one (annot be made analo'y to
the othe and the Salaah (annot be analo'ised to the Sawm) An analo'y also (ant
be made in es"e(t to the 1adaa of fastin' and the ,adaa of the Salaah) Fo
e.am"le the menstuatin' woman makes 1adaa fo the fast but not fo the Salaah)
*he slee"in' "eson has been odeed to make u" his Salaah when he awakens as
Anas bin Maalik (a) naates/ *he messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LLIf one of you missed his Salaah due to slee" o (aelessness then he must "ay as
soon as he emembes) Meily Allah (swt) says/ S)))And "efom the Salaah fo my
ememban(e)))TNN) Muslim (0;=H)# Ahmad# Al-<ayha,i and Abu 8aeem)
It is a te.t elated to Salaah and thee is nothin' simila fo fastin' and the le'islation
is not ne'li'ent o (aeless in le'islatin' what it should) If makin' 1adaa was
sti"ulated fo the one who slee"s# loses (ons(iousness o his mind then the Shaa
would ha+e stated this but it didnt and as su(h it (annot be a((e"ted by any Muslim
and e+en moe so by any Fa,eeh) So if a man has lost his mind o senses fo an
entie day o many days then thee is no fastin' fo him and no ,adaa and similaly if
he was in this state fo a "at of the day and he had made an intention the "e+ious
ni'ht then his fastin' is a((e"ted and thee is no 1adaa e,uied fom him)
?e would -ust like to mention hee what was elated fom 8aafi who said/
LLIbn Uma was fastin' a e(ommended fast but "assed out and did not beak his
fastNN) Al-<ayha,i (46;:7)) 5e said/ *his indi(ates that "assin' out duin' the fast
does not in+alidate it)
*he emainin' issue deals with a "eson who loses his mind o (ons(iousness at
ni'ht without ha+in' made fim his intention fo the followin' days fast) *hen in the
day he e(o+es so at that time he must efain fom anythin' that would beak his
fast and fast the emainin' "at of the day and then make ,adaa fo that day on
anothe day(afte $amadhaan)) *his is be(ause the 8iyah (intention) is a $ukn
("illa) and Shat ((ondition) of fastin' and is not +alid without it) 5is fast in this
situation is theefoe in+alid and so 1adaa is obli'atoy) And be(ause he has awoken
in a "at of the day then he is able to fulfil a "at of this obli'atoy Ibaadah (woshi")
so he must abstain fom all that would beak his fast (Mufattiaat)) A situation like this
was e"oted by Abd-u-$ahman bin Salamah fom his Un(le/
LL*hat Aslama (ame to the 9o"het (saw)) 5e (saw) said/ &id you fast this day of
ous@ *hey said/ no) 5e said/ Fom"lete the est of this day and then make 1adaa fo
itNN) Abu &aawud/ *his was (on(enin' the fast of the day of Ashuua) 8aated by
Abu &aawud (477>) and Al-<ayha,i) *he tem Aslama means the tibe of Aslam)
*his hadeeth stated/ Fom"lete the est of the day and then make 1adaa) As fo the
te.t bein' elated to the fast of Ashuua well this does not (han'e anythin' as fa as
its si'nifi(an(e)
Fom all of this it a""eas that the o"inion of Maalik and Ahmad that 1adaa is
ne(essay e+en if the "eiod (of loss of mind:(ons(iousness) lasts fo yeas is a
mistake) Also that the o"inion of Imaam Abu 5aneefah that e+en if he was Ma-noon
fo the whole month then thee would not be any 1adaa u"on him but if he awoke
duin' the month then thee would be 1adaa fo what had "assed is also in(oe(t)
5is eo (ame fom e'adin' the month of $amadhaan as a sin'le a(t of Ibaadah)
5ad he e'aded e+ey day of fastin' as a se"aate a(t of Ibaadah e,uiin' a niyah
he may ha+e had a diffeent +iew) *he o"inion of Abu *haw and Ash-Shaafi (his
late o"inion)/ As fo the Ma-noon then 1adaa is not obli'ed u"on him fo what has
"assed) *his is the most (oe(t o"inion)
Se.ual Inte(ouse is "emitted in the ni'hts of fastin'/
Inte(ouse was fobidden in the ni'hts of $amadhaan in the be'innin' and it is said
that it was fobidden afte ha+in' sle"t but befoe slee" it was "emissible) *hee ae
e+iden(es whi(h dis(uss both of these issues) *his "e+ention was had on some of
the Sahaabah and they wee tem"ted to beak it and they fell into sin so Allah (swt)
e+ealed an Ayah mentionin' this and 5e (swt) aised the "ohibition of inte(ouse in
the ni'hts of $amadhaan)
5ee is a sele(tion of the e+iden(es dis(ussin' this to"i(/
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It is made lawful for you to have sexual relations with your wives on the night
of As-Saum (the fasts). They are Lbas i.e. body !over" or s!reen" or Sa#an"
(i.e. you en$oy the %leasure of living with them - as in &erse '()*+) Tafsir At-
Tabar," for you and you are the same for them. All-h #nows that you used to
de!eive yourselves" so .e turned to you (a!!e%ted your re%entan!e) and
forgave you. So now have sexual relations with them and see# that whi!h
All-h has ordained for you (offs%ring)...// (0a1arah()*').
In this Ayah $afath means Jumaa (inte(ouse) and *akhtaanoon means to
(ommit khiyaanah (betayal))
=) Al-<aaa (a) said/
LLIt was the (ustom amon' the (om"anions of Muhammad that if any of them
was fastin' and the food was "esented (fo beakin' his fast)# but he sle"t
befoe eatin'# he would not eat that ni'ht and the followin' day till sunset)
1ais bin
SimaQalQAnsai was fastin' and (ame to his wife at the time of Ifta (beakin'
onePs fast) and asked he whethe she had
anythin' to eat) She e"lied# R8o# but I would 'o and bin' some fo you)R 5e
used to do had wok duin' the day# so he
was o+ewhelmed by slee" and sle"t) ?hen his wife (ame and saw him# she
said# R&isa""ointment fo you)R ?hen it was midday on the followin' day# he
fainted and the 9o"het was infomed about the whole matte and the
followin' +eses wee e+ealed/RAou ae "emitted *o 'o to you wi+es (fo
se.ual elation) at the ni'ht of fastin')R So# they wee o+e-oyed by it) And then
Allah also e+ealed/ RAnd eat and dink Until the white thead %f dawn a""eas
to you &istin(t fom the bla(k thead (of the ni'ht))R (4)0B>)NN)
Al-<ukhaai (0H0;)# Abu &aawud# An-8isaai# Ahmad# Al-<ayha,i and At-
*abai)
>) Abu Isha, said I head Al-<aaa (a) sayin'/
LL?hen $amadhaan was e+ealed the women wee not a""oa(hed (fo
se.ual elations) and the men wee de(ei+in' themsel+es) *hen Allah (swt)
e+ealed S)))All-h #nows that you used to de!eive yourselves" so .e turned to
you...2.
Al-<ukhaai (7;DB)# Ad-&aaami and An-8isaai)
B) Ibn Abbaas (ah) said/
LLIn elation to the s"ee(h of Allah (swt)/ S It is made lawful for you to have
sexual relations with your wives on the night of As-Saum (the fasts...2. *he
Muslim in the month of $amadhaan used to be fobidden fom thei wi+es and
food and the like afte they had "ayed Ishaa) *hen those who fo'ot fom the
Muslims use to eat and ha+e elations with thei wi+es afte the "aye and
fom amon'st them was Uma Ibn Al-2hattaab) 5e (a) (om"lained to the
9o"het (saw) and Allah (swt) e+ealed/ 3...Allah #nows that you used to
de!eive yourselves" so .e turned to you (a!!e%ted your re%entan!e) and
forgave you. So now have sexual relations with them and see# that whi!h
All-h has ordained for you (offs%ring)" and eat and drin# until the white thread
(light) of dawn a%%ears to you distin!t from the bla!# thread (dar#ness of
night)...2)
At-*abai (0=;:4) and Ibn ul-Mundhi)
H) 2aab bin Maalik (a) said/
LL In $amadhaan the "eo"le it was "ohibited fo him to (onsume food# dink
o ha+e se.ual elations with his women if he had aleady sle"t until the
followin' days beakin' of fast) Uma ibn Al-2hattaab (a) (ame ba(k fom the
9o"hets (saw) house one ni'ht) 5e had stayed awake but his wife had sle"t
and he wanted he (to ha+e elations)) She said/ I ha+e sle"t) 5e e"lied/ Aou
ha+e not sle"t and then had elations with he))) Uma (a) went the followin'
day to the 9o"het (saw) and infomed him and then Allah (swt) e+ealed/
3...Allah #nows that you used to de!eive yourselves" so .e turned to you
(a!!e%ted your re%entan!e) and forgave you...2.
Imaam Ahmad (0;BBB)# At-*abai# Ibn ul-Mundhi# Ibn Abi 5aatim and its
(hain is 5asan ('ood and a((e"table))
All of the abo+e te.ts ae (lea in thei meanin' and as su(h do not e,uie any
e."lanation)
9at 4
Al-Fit:Iftaa and As-Suhoo
Al-Fit/
?hen does the Saaim (fastin' "eson) beak his fast (yuftiu)@
In elation to the beakin' of fast the followin' Ahaadeeth ha+e been e"oted/
0) %n the authoity of Abdullah ibn Abi Awfi (a) who said/
LL?e wee ta+ellin' with the Messen'e (saw) in the month of $amadhaan
and when the sun disa""eaed he said/ Aa Fulaan (i)e) you thee) 'et down
and "e"ae a dink fo us/ 5e e"lied/ Aa $asoolullah thee is still "at of the
day left) 5e (saw) said/ 'et down and "e"ae the dink (a mi. of wate o milk
and baley:wheat o somethin' like it)) So he 'ot down (fom his mount) and
"e"aed it) 5e 'a+e to him (saw) and the 9o"het (saw) dank and then he
said/ If the sun disa""eas fom hee (indi(atin' with his hand) and the ni'ht
(omes fom hee# then the Saaim beaks his fastNN)
Muslim (4;;H)# Al-<ukhaai# Abu &aawud# An-8asaai and Ahmad)
4) Uma ibn Al-2attaab (a) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LL?hen the ni'ht a""oa(hes fom hee and the day 'oes away fom hee
and the sun has des(ended in the west# then the Saaim beaks his fastNN)
Al-<ukhaai (0H;7)# Abu &aawud# An-8asaai# Ahmad# At-*imidhi and Ad-
&aaami) Muslim (4;;B) naated it sli'htly diffeently/
LL?hen the ni'h (omes# the day 'oes and the sun disa""eas the Saaim
beaks his fastNN)
6) %n the authoity of Sahl bin Sad (a) that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LL*he "eo"le will emain on the i'ht "ath as lon' as they (ontinue to hasten
the beakin' of fastNN)
Al-<ukhaai (0H;>)# Muslim# An-8asaai# At-*imidhi# Ibn Maa-ah# Ad-&aaami
and Ash-Shaafi)
7) Abu 5uaiah (a) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LL *he deen will emain dominant:manifest as lon' as the "eo"le hasten to
beak thei fast# the Jews and Fhistians use to delayNN)
Ahmad (HBDH)# Abu &aawud# An-8asaai# Ibn Maa-ah and Ibn 5ibbaan with a
5asan Sanad ((hain)) Al-5aakim and Adh-&hahabi +eified the (oe(tness of
the (hain)
;) Sahl bin Sad (a) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LLMy Ummah will emain on my Sunnah as lon' as they do not wait to beak
thei fast with the stasNN)
Ibn 5ibbaan (6;0D)# Ahmad# Ibn 2hu3aimah# Ad-&aaami and Al-5aakim with
a Saheeh Sanad ((hain))
=) Ibn Abbaas (a) said/ I head the Messen'e of Allah (saw) sayin'/
LLMeily we the 9o"hets ha+e been odeed to make haste with ou Iftaa
and to delay ou Suhoo and to make ou Imaan a (haa(teisti( of ou
SalaahNN)
At-*abaaani in Al-Mu-am al-Awsat (0HD;)# Ibn 5ibbaanL Abu &aawud and
At-*ayaalissy) Al-5aithami said/ Its "eo"le ae of the "eo"le of Saheeh i)e) its
naatos) At-*abaaani (6D;6) also naated it fom Ibn Uma (a))
>) Abu 5uaiah said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LLMeily one "at of the se+enty "ats of "o"het hood is the delayin' of
Suhoo and the ealy takin' of IftaaNN)
Abd-u-$a33aa, in his Musannif (>=0D))
B) Amu ibn Maymoon al-A3adi said/
LL*he (om"anions of the 9o"het wee the ,ui(kest at beakin' thei fast and
the slowest in sto""in' thei SuhooNN
Al-<ayha,i (46B:7)# At-*abaaani# Ibn Abi Shaybah and Abd-u-$a33a,
(>;H0))
H) Abu 5uaiah (a) said that the 9o"het (saw) said/
LLAllah A33a wa Jalla says/ Meily the most belo+ed of my se+ants ae those
who make haste with the IftaaNN)
Ahmad (>47D)# Ibn 5ibbaan# Ibn 2hu3aimah and Al-<ayha,i) At-*imidhi also
naated it and (lassified it as 5asan Ghaeeb)
*he fist and se(ond 5adeeth althou'h fom diffeent naatos (ame with one laf3h
(meanin')/ *hat the (omin' of ni'ht fom the east and the "assin' of the day fom
the west and the des(ent of the sun (also in the west) maks the time of Iftaa) *his
means that the mee 'oin' down of the sun in the west is suffi(ient fo makin' Iftaa
so thee is no need to delay and no -ustifi(ation to wait moe time in ode fo the
Saaim to beak his fast like one 'ou" has said) It mi'ht be that the fifth hadeeth is
e+en (leae than the fist thee/ *hat my Ummah will emain on my Sunnah as lon'
as they do not make Iftaa waitin' fo the stas (to a""ea)# and waitin' fo the stas
means until the sky has be(ome bla(k and the stas ae a""aent and shinin' (in the
dakness)) *his means delayin' the Iftaa afte the 'huoob (des(endin') of the sun
by a minimum of fifteen minutes) So it was mentioned in the hadeeth that this
delayin' o""osed the Sunnah of the 9o"het (saw) but a'eed with the ways of the
Aahood and 8asaaa (Jews and Fhistians) like the fouth hadeeth mentioned)
*heefoe it is not allowed to delay the Iftaa fo any e.(use o "ete.t) *his is how
the Sahaabah of the Messen'e (saw) undestood it and so they wee the hastiest of
"eo"le in beakin' thei fasts as was mentioned in the ei'hth efeen(e) Also if
makin' Iftaa ealy is what the 9o"hets (as) wee odeed with# and it e"esents one
"at of the se+enty "ats of 9o"het hood and that those who make haste ae the
most belo+ed of Allahs (swt) se+ants# then all of this a(ts as a +ey ston' "o"heti(
'uidan(e em"hasisin' the ealy takin' of Iftaa and not makin' delay in it)
I would like to make a "oint hee/ It has be(ome nomal in ou (uent time to make
Iftaa u"on heain' the Adhaan of Salaat-ul-Ma'hib and it has also be(ome nomal
to delay the adhaan of Ma'hib a little afte the 'oin' down of the sun) *his has lead
to those who ae fastin' to delay the Iftaa fom its time and this delay is in o""osition
to the Sunnah of the 9o"het (saw)) It is theefoe the es"onsibility of the fastin'
"eson to know the len'th of delay of the adhaan so as to (oe(t the situation and if
this means that he beaks his fast befoe the Adhaan then the Sunnah of the "o"het
(saw) is moe wothy to be followed than what the "eo"le ha+e be(ome a((ustomed
to follow in todays a'e)
?hat is e(ommended fo the Saaim to beak his fast with@
It is Mustahabb (e(ommended) fo the Saaim to make Iftaa with $utub (fesh#
moist# i"e dates) and if he (annot find that then the e(ommendation mo+es towads
*am (dy dates)) If he does not ha+e this then it is e(ommended to take mouthfuls
of wate and afte that he (an eat what he wishes) *he te.ts do not (ome with a
taleel (le'al easonin') fo this ode e.(e"t fo what (ame in the fist 5adeeth that
we will shotly mention that says that wate is "ue) As su(h it is not (oe(t fo
"eo"le to del+e into the easons fo (hoosin' $utub (wet dates) fistly# *am (dy
dates) se(ondly and Maa (wate) thidly) ?e follow this in woshi" and obedien(e
and it is in(oe(t to eason that *am should (ome fist be(ause they (ontain a
"lentiful ,uantity of su'a and that is what the Saaim loses most of and a te.t has
mentioned that the body should be (om"ensated fo what it has lost) % the
easonin' that the date is di'ested ,ui(kly# and it 'i+es the nutients that the fastin'
"eson needs and othe easons of the like that esea(hes ha+e su''ested) 8one of
these attem"ts bin' anythin' in tems of ad+an(ement o de(line in elation to this
issue and if the u"i'ht Shaa wanted to 'i+e a eason it would ha+e done so and if it
was silent on "o+idin' a eason then we must also be silent)
5ee ae a sele(tion of Ahaadeeth that dis(uss this issue/
0) Salmaan ibn Aami said/ *he Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LLIf one of you is fastin' then he should make Iftaa with tam and if he (ant
find any then wate# be(ause wate is "ueNN) Abu &aawud (46;;)# An-
8asaai# At-*imidhi# Ibn Maa-ah# Ahmad and Ad-&aaami) Ibn 5ibbaan# Al-
5aakim and Abu 5aatim A- $aa3i +eified it as Saheeh and At-*imidhi
said it is 5asan Saheeh)
4) Anas <in Maalik (a) said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) used to beak fast with $utub befoe he
would "ay# and if he did not ha+e any then he would use *am and if thee
wasnt any he would take si"s (huswa) of wateNN)
Abu &aawud (46;=)# At-*imidhi and he said it is a 5adeeth hasan 'haeeb)
Ahmad also naated it and Ad-&aaa,utni +eified its soundness
(saheeh)) Al-5aakim naated it and +eified it and Adh-&hahabi also +eified
it)
5uswa with &ammah means si"s of dink and 5aswah with a fathah means
one time)
6) Anas (a) said/
LLI ne+e on(e saw the Messen'e of Allah "ay befoe beakin' his fast
and e+en if it was -ust a dink of wateNN)
Ibn 5ibbaan (6;D7)# Ibn 2hu3aimah# Al-<a33aa# Al-5aakim# Al-<ayha,i and
At-*abaaani in his AlMu-am Al-Awsat and its (hain in saheeh)
*hese thee 5adeeth indi(ate that it is the Sunnah of Iftaa to hasten it and that it
(omes befoe the Salaah of Ma'hib so the Saaim does not "ay until afte he has
taken his Iftaa)
?hat does the Saaim say when he beaks his fast@
?hen the Saaim finishes his Ibaadah of fastin' and beaks his fast# then the &ua
that he makes at that time (omes fom the +ey mouth that efained fom food and
dink fo the whole day in woshi" and obedien(e to Allah (swt)) It (omes fom a
mouth whi(h has woshi"ed its $abb (lod) with "atien(e enduin' hun'e and thist
so in this (ase it dese+es that Allah (swt) a((e"ts and es"onds to the &ua that
(omes fom it) It is theefoe on the Muslim at the end of this Ibaadah# and indeed
afte any a(t of Ibaadah to "aise his Lod and make &ua to him# and to be sin(ee
in the &ua be(ause the &ua at that time is a((e"ted and es"onded to by the
"emission of Allah (bi idhnillah)) Abdullah ibn Abi Mulaikah said/ I head Abdullah
ibn Amu bin Al-Aas (a) say that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/LLMeily at the
time of Iftaa the Saaim has a dua that is not e-e(tedNN Ibn Abi Mulaikah said/ I
head Abdullah ibn Amu bin Al-Aas say when he boke his fast/ % Allah I ask by
you me(y whi(h is moe e."ansi+e than e+eythin' to fo'i+e me) Ibn Maa-ah
(0>;6) and its Sanad is saheeh and Al-5aakim) Abu &aawud and At-*ayaalissy also
naated it without mentionin' the &ua of Ibn Amu) *he &hik (ememban(e) and
&ua ha+e been le'islated to be made usin' any fom but it is bette to use those that
ha+e been mentioned in e"ots)
*he followin' ae some of the &hik and Adiyah (duas) that ha+e been mentioned in
e"ots/
0) Abdullah Ibn Uma (a) said/
LL?hen the Messen'e of Allah (saw) used to beak his fast he would say/
*he thist has 'one# the +eins ha+e been moistened and the ewad has been
(onfimed by Allahs (swt) lea+eNN)
An-8asaai in As-Sunun Al-2ubaa (660;)# Abu &aawud# Al-5aakim and Al-
<ayha,i) Ad-&aaa,utni naated it and said/ Its Isnaad ((hain) is hasan)
4) Abu 5uaiah (a) said/
LL?hen the 9o"het (saw) fasted and boke his fast he would say/ Fo you %
Allah I ha+e fasted and I ha+e made Iftaa with you "o+ision (i3,)NN)
Ibn Abi Shaibah (;00:4)# Abu &aawud (46;B) and Al-<ayha,i by way of
Muaadh bin Iaha who said that he infomed him that when the 9o"het
(saw) used to beak his fast he would say/ 5e then mentioned the wodin' of
the hadeeth of Abu Shaibah) It is said that Muaadh was of the tustwothy
*aabieen)
6) Anas <in Maalik (a) said/
LL *he 9o"het (saw) used to say when he made Iftaa with the "eo"le/
*hose who wee fastin' ha+e boken it at you house# and the Abaa
(i'hteous) ha+e eaten fom you food and the An'els ha+e des(ended u"on
youNN
Ad-&aaami (0>>6)# Ibn Abi Shaibah# Al-<ayha,i and Abd-u-$a33aa,) In a
se(ond +esion fom Al-<ayha,i (47D:7)/)))and the an'els ha+e "ayed u"on
you (made dua fo you))))
It is theefoe e(ommended fo the one who beaks his fast to say/
0) 8 \N [J' ]'Q [

<(' 7: D;V ^ _ `&U @#' [ ` -6

5
% Allah I ha+e fasted fo you and ha+e boken my fast with you $i3,
(sustenan(e)) *he thist has 'one and the +eins ha+e been moistened and
the A- (ewad) has been (onfimed with the will of Allah)
Afte that he (an also make &ua with whate+e he wishes to say) I am
"esonally fond of the &ua of Abdullah ibn Uma (a)/ % Allah I ask you that
by you most bountiful me(y to fo'i+e me) *he faste (an add it to his &ua
if he wishes)
*he ewad of the one who "o+ides Iftaa fo a Saaim/
*he one who "o+ides a fastin' "eson with Iftaa e(ei+es the same ewad as the
faste so he (an attain two ewads in one day without edu(in' anythin' of fom the
fastin' "esons ewad) In addition e+ey ewad is multi"lied by Allah (swt) u" to
se+en hunded times like the 5adeeth in the fist "at of this book indi(ated) *hee is
no doubt then that anyone who ealises this 'eat multi"lied ewad would dedi(ate
the utmost attention to in+itin' "eo"le to ha+e thei Iftaa at his esiden(e) It has been
naated fom Iid bin 2haalid al-Juhanni that the "o"het (saw) said/
LL?hoe+e "o+ides the Iftaa fo a Saaim then the same ewad of the Saaim is
witten fo him without takin' anythin' fom him) And whoe+e "e"aes a Ghaa3i
(waio) in the way of Allah o stays behind to look afte his family then the ewad of
the Ghaa3i is witten fo him without diminishin' anythin' of the Ghaa3is ewadNN)
Ahmed (0>0;B)# An-8asaai# Ibn Maa-ah# Ibn 5ibbaan# At-*abaaani and at-*imidhi
who said it was 5asan saheeh) Ad-&aaami (0>D6) also naated the fist se(tion of
this hadeeth) Ibn 2hu3aimah naated it in the followin' wodin'/
LL?hoe+e "e"aes a Ghaa3i o 5aa-i# o takes (ae of his family# o feeds a
Saaim# then all of them attain the same ewad without takin' away any of the
othes ewadNN and its (hain is Saheeh)
Umm Amaaah (a) said/ LL*he messen'e of Allah (saw) (ame to us and then we
bou'ht food to him and some of those with him wee fastin') So the Messen'e
(saw) said/ If a fastin' "eson eats food in you esiden(e (o fom you) then the
An'els ha+e "ayed (made &ua) on themNN) Ibn Maa-ah (0>7B)# Ahmad# Ibn
5ibbaan and Ibn 2hu3aimah) At-*imidhi (>B4)# An-8asaai and ad-&aaami naated
it in this wodin'/ LL)))*he an'els "ay on the faste when "eo"le eat in his abode
until they finish o maybe he said/ until they ae satisfiedNN and he said this hadeeth
is 5asan saheeh)
?e mentioned a little while a'o the 5adeeth of Anas (a) (olle(ted by Abi Shaibah#
Abd-u-$a33aa, and Al-<ayha,i whi(h stated/
LL *he fastin' "eo"le ha+e boken thei fast in you "la(e of abode# the i'hteous
ha+e eaten you food and the an'els ha+e "ayed on youNN) In anothe naation/
LL)))and the an'els des(ended on you)))NN and anothe simila naation) So the
"ayes of the An'els o+e the one that "o+ides Iftaa fo anothe fastin' "eson is
anothe blessin' added to the blessin's and ewads aleady mentioned so the
Saaim "ays 'eat attention and effot to in+ite the Saaim to take Iftaa with him) *his
is e+en if the Saaim is Fa,ee o Miskeen ("oo) and does not ha+e anythin'
(substantial) to beak his fast with)
<eakin' you fast due to fo'etfulness/-
*he S(holas Imaam Abu 5aneefah# Imaam Ash-Shaafi and Imaam Ahmad <in
5anbal held the o"inion that if a fastin' "eson beaks his fast due to fo'etfulness
he has not boken his fast and nothin' is e,uied fom him) *his is the same whethe
he ate a lot o a little) Al-5asan al-<asi# Mu-aahid# Isha, bin $aahuwiyah# Abu
*haw# &aawud bin Ali# Ataa# Al-Aw3ai and Al-Laith all held this sam o"inion)
$abeea and Imaam Maalik said/ *he fast is made faasid by eatin' and dinkin'
thou'h fo'etfulness and 1adaa is e,uied) *he (oe(t +iew is the fist and this is
su""oted by the followin' e+iden(es/
0) Abu 5uaiah (a) said that the 9o"het of Allah (saw) said/
LL?hoe+e eats out of fo'etfulness and he is fastin' then he should
(om"lete his fast be(ause +eily it is Allah who has 'i+en him food and
dinkNN)
Al-<ukhaai (===H)# Muslim# Abu &aawud# At-*imidhi and Ad-&aaami) *he
laf3h (wodin' +esion) of Muslim (4>0=) is/ LL?hoe+e fo'ets that he is
fastin' and then eats o dinks somethin' then he should (om"lete his fast fo
+eily it is Allah who has 'i+en him food and dinkNN
4) Also fom Abu 5uaiah (a) that the 9o"het (saw) said/
LL?hoe+e beaks his fast in $amadhaan out of fo'etfulness then neithe
1adaa no 2afaaah ae not e,uied of himNN)
Ibn 5ibbaan (6;40) and its Sanad is hasan) Ibn 2hu3aimah# Ad-&aaa,utni#
Al-<ayha,i and Al-5aakim e"oted it and +eified its soundness (saheeh))
Also Ibn 2hu3aimah (0HHD) and At-*abaaani in Al-Mu-am al-Awsat
mentioned anothe (simila) hadeeth with the followin' wodin'/ LL?ho e+e
eats o dinks in $amadhaan out of fo'etfulness then thee is no 1adaa o
2afaaah e,uied of himNN) Its Sanad H(hain) is 5asan)
6) Abu 5uaiah (a) said/
LLA man a""oa(hed the 9o"het (saw) and said/ % Messen'e of Allah# I
ate and dank fo'etfully and I was fastin') 5e (saw) es"onded/ Meily Allah
"o+ided you with food and dinkNN)
Abu &aawud (46HB)# An-8asaai# Ad-&aaa,utni and At-*imidhi said it is a
5asan# Saheeh 5adeeth)
7) %n the authoity of Umm 5akeem bint &eenaa fom he mistess Umm Isha,
(a)/
LL*hat she was at the esiden(e of the Messen'e (saw) when some
"oid'e was bou'ht so she eat and &hul Aadayn was with him) *he
messen'e took a bone with a little meat and said/ % Umm Isha,# take some
of this) *hen I emembeed that I had been fastin'# so I "e+ented my hand
fom mo+in' fowad o ba(k) 5e (saw) asked/ ?hats won'@ She said/ I was
fastin' but I fo'ot) *hen &hul Aadayn said/ 8ow you say this afte satisfyin'
youself@ *hen the 9o"het (saw) said/ Fom"lete you fastin' be(ause this
was $i3, (sustenan(e) that Allah "o+ided fo youNN)
Ahmad (4>=DH)# At-*abaaani in Al-Mu-am Al-2abee)
*hese e+iden(es "o+ide am"le (lea "oof that the one who beaks his fast out of
fo'etfulness does not ha+e to make 1adaa o 2afaaah (e."iation)) *his is the same
in e'ad to the obli'atoy fast of $amadhaan o any non-obli'atoy (tatawwu) fasts)
It also does not matte if a little was eaten o dunk o it ea(hed the le+el of
satisfa(tion) I ha+e not been able to find an e+iden(e fo Maaliks +iew whi(h is
(ontay to these e+iden(es) I did not find anythin' in his most famous e(oded
woks e.(e"t the +edi(t that eatin' and dinkin' makes the fast faasid) May Allah
*aaalaa fo'i+e him (in this issue))
As-Suhoo/
*he meits of As-Suhoo ("e-dawn food)/
*he followin' Ahaadeeth ha+e been e"oted in elation to the meits of Suhoo/
0) Anas bin Maalik (a) said that the 9o"het (saw) said/
LLMake Suhoo be(ause +eily in As-Suhoo is <aakah (blessin')NN)
Al-<ukhaai (0H46)# Muslim# An-8asaai# At-*imidhi# Ibn Maa-ah and Ad-
&aaami)
4) Abdullah ibn Al-5aaith said that one of the (om"anions of the 9o"het (saw)
said/
LLI enteed the abode of the 9o"het (saw) and he was ha+in' Suhoo and
he said/ Meily it is a <aakah that Allah has bestowed u"on you (all) so do
not ne'le(t itNN)
An-8asaai (40=4) and Ahmad)
6) Al-Mi,daam <in Mady said that the 9o"het (saw) said/
LLAou should take the meal of Suhoo be(ause +eily it is the blessed meal
(al-Mubaaak)NN)
Ahmad (0>647)# An-8asaai and its (hain is Saheeh) It was e"oted in Al-
Mu-am al-Awsat of At-*abaaani (;D;) on the authoity of Ibn Abbaas (a)
that he said/ LLUma ibn Al-2hattaab (alled fo me and in+ited me fo As-
Suhoo and he said/ Meily the Messne' of Allah (saw) (alled this the
blessed mealNN) Its sanad ((hain) is Jayyid ('ood))
7) Ibn Uma (a) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LLMeily Allah (swt) and 5is An'els "ay on those who take SuhooNN)
Ibn 5ibbaan (67=B) and its (hain is hasan) Abu 8aeem and at-*abaaani
e(oded it in Al-Mu-am al-Awsat) Ahmad naated it fom Saeed Al-2hudi
(a))
;) Abu 5uaiah (a) said that the 9o"het (saw) said/
LL5ow 'ood (blessed) is takin' the Suhoo with *am (dates)NN)
Ibn 5ibbaan (67>;)# Abu &aawud and Al-<ayha,i) Al-<a33aa (H>B) naated
it fom Jaabi (a) with sli'htly diffeent wodin')
=) Abdullah ibn Amu (a) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LLMake Suhoo e+en if it -ust with a si":'ul" of wateNN)
Ibn 5ibbaan (67>=) and its sanad is hasan) Abd-u-$a33a, also naated it
fom a 'ou" of the Sahaabah (ah)) Ibn Abi Shaibah e"oted it fom a man
fom amon'st the Sahaabah usin' anothe Aabi( wod fo si")
>) Amu bin al-Aas (a) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LL*he diffeen(e between ou fastin' and that of the "eo"le of the book is the
takin' of As-SuhooNN)
Muslim (4;;D)# Abu &aawud# An-8asaai# At-*imidhi# Ahmad and Ad-
&aaami with sli'htly diffeent wodin's)
So the Suhoo is a blessin' that Allah (swt) has bestowed u"on us and when we take
it Allah (swt) and 5is An'els "ay u"on us) It is e(ommended to take the Suhoo
with $utub (fesh dates)# then *am (die dates) and the blessin' is also attained
-ust fom a si" of wate) It is also what se"eates ou fast fom that of the "eo"le of
the book) If thee was no benefit fom takin' the Suhoo e.(e"t the "ayes of Allah
(swt) and the an'els then that would be suffi(ient) Imam Ahmad has naated a
5adeeth that mentions all of the meits of Suhoo to'ethe on the authoity of Saeed
Al-2hudy (a) who said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LL*he food of Suhoo is <aakah so dont lea+e it and e+en if one of you only has a
si" of wate fo +eily Allah (swt) and 5is An'els make "ayes u"on those who take
thei SuhooNN)
*he Saaim will theefoe endea+ou his utmost to take the food of Suhoo so that he
(an obtain these benefits)
*he 5ukm (ulin') of As-Suhoo/
An-8awawi and Ibn ul-Mundhi state that the Suhoo is Mustahabb (e(ommended)
by I-maa ((onsensus) and not obli'atoy) Al-<ukhaai said/ *he (ha"te of the
blessin' of Suhoo without obli'ation/ *his is be(ause the 9o"het (saw) and his
(om"anions would (ontinue without mentionin' the Suhoo) In Al-Mu'hni of Ibn
1udaamah says/ In elation to it bein' e(ommended he does not know of any
diffeen(e in the issue) *his is the tuth and the e+iden(es whi(h dis(uss its meits
indi(ate that it is e(ommended)
*he timin' of As-Suhoo/
It is the o"inion of the fou Imaams and the othe 'eat Ulamaa that the Suhoo lasts
until the be'innin' of Fa- o it is said until the Muadhdhin (alls the (all to "aye)
*his +iew is also attibuted to Uma ibn Al-2hattaab and Ibn Abbaas (ah)) It was
e"oted fom Al-Aamash and Isha, the "emission to eat and dink until the sun has
isen but Imaam An-8awawi has doubts in this e"otin')
*he Ulamaa ha+e also "ut fowad that the one who is eatin'# dinkin' o e+en
en'a'ed in se.ual elations (an (ontinue until the be'innin' of Fa-) If he has doubt
that Fa- has ai+ed then he (an (ontinue until he is sue that Fa- has be'un) *his is
due to the sayin' of Allah a33a wa -alla# SUntil you as(etain the white thead fom)))T
Ibn ul-Mundhi mentioned in Al-Ishaaf that Abu <a As-Siddee,# Abdullah ibn Uma
and Ibn Abbaas all "emitted this) *his is also e"oted to be the +iew of Ataa# Al-
Aw3aai# the "eo"le of $ai# Ahmad and Abu *haw)
Maalik is alone in his +iew that it is haaam# the eatin' at the time of doubt and
obli'es 1adaa u"on it) *he (oe(t +iew whi(h is held by the Ulamaa and Imaams is
that eatin'# dinkin' and se.ual elations ae "emitted until the be'innin' of Fa- has
been fully +eified and Maaliks +iew is theefoe in(oe(t) *his is due to the followin'
e+iden(es)
0) Allah (swt) says/ S)))and eat and dink until the white thead (li'ht) of dawn
a""eas to you distin(t fom the bla(k thead (dakness of ni'ht)# then
(om"lete you Saum (fast) till the ni'htfall)))T (0B> Suah Al-<a,aah)
4) Sahl Ibn Sad (a) said/
LL S)))eat and dink until the white thead a""eas to you distin(t fom the
bla(k theadT was e+ealed and min al-Fa- (of fa-) had not yet been
e+ealed so men when they wanted to fast would tie a white and bla(k thead
aound thei le's until they (ould see the diffeen(e) ?hen min al-Fa- was
e+ealed they ealised that the ni'ht and day was intended by the meanin')
Al-<ukhaai (0H0>)# Muslim# An-8asaai# Al-<ayha,i and Ibn ul-Mundhi)
6) Adi bin 5aatim (a) said/
LL?hen the ayah Sthe white thead a""eas to you distin(t fom the bla(k
theadT was e+ealed I took two (hai) stin's# one bla(k and the othe white#
and ke"t them unde my "illow and went on lookin' at them thou'hout the
ni'ht but (ould not make anythin' out of it) So# the ne.t monin' I went to
AllahPs A"ostle and told him the whole stoy) 5e e."lained to me# R*hat +ese
means the dakness of the ni'ht and the whiteness of the dawn)R
Al-<ukhaai (0H0=)# Abu &aawud# Ibn 5ibbaan and At-*abaaani in Al-Mu-am
Al-2abee) Al-<ukhaai (7;0D) also naated fom Adi the followin' wodin'/
LLI asked/ % AllahPs A"ostleC ?hat is the meanin' of the white thead distin(t
fom the bla(k thead@ Ae these two theads@R 5e said# RAou ae not
intelli'ent if you wat(h the two theads)R 5e then added# R8o# it is the
dakness of the ni'ht and the whiteness of the dayNN) Also fom Al-<ukhaai
(7;DH) fom Adi/ LL)))*hen you "illow is too wide:s"a(ious if the white thead
(of dawn) and the bla(k thead (of the ni'ht) ae undeneath you "illowC NN)
7) Abu Atiyah said/
LLI said to Aaisha (a)/ Amon'st us ae two men fom the (om"anions of the
9o"het (saw)) %ne of them hastens the Iftaa and delays the Suhoo and the
othe delays the Iftaa and hastens the Suhoo) She asked/ ?ho is that
hastens the Iftaa and delays the Suhoo@ I e"lied/ Abdullah ibn Masood)
She said/ And this how the Messen'e of Allah (saw) use to do itNN)
An-8asaai (40;B) and Ahmad)
;) Aaisha (a) said/
LL<ilaal was makin' the Adhaan in the ni'ht and the Messen'e of Allah
(saw) said/ !at and dink until the son of Ibn Umm Maktoom makes the
Adhaan a'ain and he didnt make the Adhaan a'ain until the (omin' of
Fa-)))NN)
Al-<ukhaai (0H0H:0H0B)# Muslim# An-8asaai# Ahmad# Ibn 5ibbaan and Ibn
2hu3aimah) Muslim naated this hadeeth fom Ibn Masood and Ibn Uma
also) Ahmad also naated it fom Ibn Uma and Al-<a33aa fom Anas bin
Maalik) At-*abaaani naated it fom Sahl bin Sad)
=) Abu 5uaiah (a) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LLIf any of you hea the (all (to "aye) and he has a +essel (bowl) in his
hand# then let him not "ut it down until he has fulfilled his needs fom itNN)
Abu &aawud (46;D)# Ahmad# Ad-&aaa,utni) Al-5akim +eified it as Saheeh
and Adh-&hahabi (on(ued)
>) Amu bin Maymoon said/
LL*he (om"anions of the 9o"het (ah) wee the hastiest at beakin' thei
fasts and the slowest at finishin' As-SuhooNN)
Al-<ayha,i (46B:7)# At-*abaaani in the book al-Mu-am al-2abee and Ibn Abi
Shaybah) Al-5aithami said its "eo"le (naatos) ae tustwothy)
B) Abdullah ibn Masood (a) said that the 9o"het (saw) said/
LL *he Adhaan "onoun(ed by <ilaal should not sto" you fom takin' Suhoo#
fo he "onoun(es the Adhaan at ni'ht# so that the one offein' the late ni'ht
"aye (*aha--ud) fom amon' you mi'ht huy u" and the slee"in' fom
amon' you mi'ht wake u") It does not mean that dawn o monin' has
stated)R *hen he (the 9o"het) "ointed with his fin'es and aised them u"
(towads the sky) and then loweed them (towads the eath) like this (Ibn
MasZood imitated the 'estue of the 9o"het)) A3QIuhai 'estued with his
two inde. fin'es whi(h he "ut on ea(h othe and then stet(hed them to the
i'ht and left) *hese 'estues illustate the way eal dawn a""eas) It s"eads
left and i'ht hoi3ontally) *he dawn that a""eas in the hi'h sky and lowes
down is not the eal dawn)NN)
Al-<ukhaai (=40)# Muslim and Ahmad)
H) Ibn Abbaas (a) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LL?e the 9o"hets ha+e been (ommanded to s"eed u" the Iftaa and to
delay the Suhoo# and to "ut ou Imaan as a (haa(teisti( of ou SalaahNN)
Abu &aawud At-*ayaalissy (4=;7)# At-*abaaani in Al-Mu-am al-Awsat) Al-
5aithami said its naatos wee tustwothy and Ibn 5ibbaan also +eified it
as saheeh) ?e ha+e aleady mentioned this 5adeeth in the se(tion
(on(enin' when the Saaim should make Iftaa)
0D) Ataa said that Ibn Abbaas (a) said/
LLAllah (swt) has made 5alaal fo you dinkin' in what you ha+e doubted
until you ha+e no doubtNN
Abd-u-$a33a, (>6=>) and Al-<ayha,i with a saheeh (hain)
00) Saalim bin Ubaidillah said/
LLI was in the oom of Abu <ak As-Siddee,) 5e "aayed that ni'ht what he
had wanted to "ay and then said/ Go out and see if Fa- has (ome@ 5e
(saalim) said/ So I went out and etuned sayin'/ ?hite has isen in the sky)
So he "ayed what he wanted to "ay and then said/ Go out and see if Fa-
has (ome@ So I went out and then etuned sayin'/ *hee is ed in the sky so
he said/ Fome hee and bin' me my SuhooNN)
Ad-&aaa,utni (0==:4) and he said that the Isnaad is saheeh) 5e also
naated a simila +esion)
04) Ii said/
LL?e asked 5udhaifah/ ?hat time did you make Suhoo with the Messen'e
of Allah (saw)@ It was the day e.(e"t the sun had not yet isenNN)
An-8asaai (40;4)# Ibn Maa-ah# Ahmad# At-*ahaawi and Abd-u-$a33a,) Ibn
5a-a +eified it as Saheeh)
06) Samah bin Jundub (a) said/ *hat the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LL *he Adhan of <ilal may not mislead you with e'ad to you food at the
(ommen(ement of the fast# no the +eti(al (steaks) of whiteness in the
hoi3on (fo it is an indi(ation of false dawn)) Aou should sto" eatin' (food) till
(the whiteness) s"eads like it) 5ammad naated it and with the 'estue of
his band he e."lained# the hoi3ontal "osition (of the steaks of li'ht)NN)
Muslim (4;7=)# Abu &aawud# An-8asaai# At-*imidhi and Ahmad)
07) Anas (a) said/
LLIaid bin *haabit (a) told him that they had Suhoo with the 9o"het (saw)
and then "efomed the Salaah) I asked/ 5ow lon' was between the two@ 5e
said/ Aound fifty o si.ty (meanin' ayaat)NN)
Al-<ukhaai (;>;)# Muslim# An-8asaai# At-*imidhi# Ibn Maa-ah# Ahmad and
ad-&aaami)
0;) %n the authoity of Abu &ha (a) that the 9o"het (saw) said to <ilaal/
LL<ilaal you make the Adhaan when the monin' is shinin' in the sky) *hat
isnt the time of monin' thou'h) *he monin' is like this lyin' a(oss) 5e then
(alled fo his (saw) Suhoo and ate) 5e (saw) would say/ My Ummah will
emain well as lon' as delays the Suhoo and hastens the IftaaNN)
(Ahmad (40B6H))
*he followin' is taken and undestood fom the abo+e Ahaadeeth/
0) *he noble Ayah mentioned in band 0 uses the wodin'/ until it a""eas
distin(t) *his wodin' ne'ates Maaliks +iew that the food of Suhoo ends
when you sus"e(t (ha+e doubt) that it has ended) A""eas distin(t is the
o""osite to a""eain' distin(t ((lea) and the 5adeeth fom Sahl bin Sad (4)
and that of Adi bin 5aatim (6) e."lain this Ayah) *hey e."lain that the one
who is makin' Suhoo (ontinues to take it the dak of the ni'ht has dissi"ated
and the white of day has taken its "la(e) At this "oint thee emains no doubt
so (onsumin' of the food and dink (eases)
4) *he Sunnah of the 9o"het di(tates that the one takin' his Suhoo should
delay it until it is (lose to the time of Fa- i)e) delayin' it until fifteen minutes o
so befoe fa- so that he (an finish eatin' and dinkin' what he e,uies) 5e
theefoe lea+es enou'h time fo himself to take his Suhoo befoe the
adhaan of fa- and he doesnt take his Suhoo an hou o hous befoe the
Adhaan of Fa-) *his is what a lot of "eo"le do in ou (uent time) *hey take
Suhoo and take moe Suhoo (i)e) they eat and eat) until they 'et tied o feel
slee"y befoe midni'ht o a little afte makin' food thei main aim so they eat
and then slee") *his a(tion whi(h is wides"ead in ou (uent time is in
o""osition to the Sunnah and +eily we ha+e in the Messen'e of Allah (saw)
the best e.am"le and he delayed the Suhoo as is seen in 5adeeth 7 and
also in H)
6) <ilaal (a) used to make the Adhaan when thee was li'ht shinin' in the
hi'hest "at of the hoi3on at the time of the de(eitful fa- (not the eal fa-)) %
he would do it when the white (hoi3ontal) line a""eaed towads the to" of
the sky at the time when Ibn Umm Maktoom would make the Adhaan when
the white would ise u" and s"ead fillin' the two sides of the hoi3on# i)e) it
would a""ea in the left and i'ht not -ust shinin' at the to" and this Al-Fa-
As-Saadi, (the tue fa-)) *he 'uidan(e of the 9o"het (saw) is that we
(ontinue to eat until the Adhaan of Ibn Umm Maktoom# i)e) until the Adhaan of
Salaat-ul-Fa- is made by him and not befoe) 8ow we make two Adhaans/
?e do not "ay at the fist but at the se(ond) *he fist is like the Adhaan of
<ilaal and this does not "e+ent us fom takin' the Suhoo and it is only the
se(ond Adhaan that "e+ents us whi(h is like the Adhaan of Ibn Umm
Maktoom) *he diffeen(e between these two Adhaans at "esent is ten
minutes and Suhoo (an be taken in the ten minutes between these two
Adhaans) *his is the best time to take the Iftaa as indi(ated by the
Ahaadeeth ;# B# 06 and 0;) *hee is no "oblem howe+e if you (om"lete
you Suhoo befoe this by some minutes as indi(ated in hadeeth 07)
7) And now I say to the one who is afaid of delayin' his Suhoo/ If he heas the
se(ond Adhaan and he has in his hand some food o dink then he should eat
it and dink it) *his is be(ause the adhaan does not mean the (ut off limit fo
the eatin' and dinkin' and this is e+en if the Adhaan is hastened out of
"e(aution and this has been indi(ated in hadeeth numbe =)
;) *he Sahaabah (ah) used to delay the Suhoo# holdin' fim to the
e(ommended and seekin' the (best) ewad) It is not known of them that
they would eat thei Suhoo in the middle of the ni'ht o afte it by an hou o
two like the "eo"le do (uently) *his delay of the Sahaabah (ah) was
&ue to thei a(tin' u"on the 'uidan(e of the noble 9o"het (saw)) *he
Aathaa (e"ots) ># 0D# 00 indi(ate this e+en if the Atha in 00(ontains a little
bit of e.a''eation in elation to the delay of Suhoo) As fo the delayin' of
Suhoo bein' Mandoob# then this is due to the e+iden(es mentioned fistly
and the statement of the Messen'e of Allah (saw) mentioned in 0; se(ondly
whi(h states/ My Ummah will emain well as lon' as delays the Suhoo and
hastens the Iftaa)
=) *he 5adeeth 04 is all that emains to be dis(ussed) It seems to me that this
5adeeth is what Al-Aamash and Isha, elied u"on fo thei o"inion that the
Suhoo (an last until the sun has isen) It is tue that this te.t is not de(isi+e in
this meanin') *he one who looks in detail see that it is hamonious and
(om"atible with all the othe Ahaadeeth within this issue and not in
(ontadi(tion with them) It says/ It was day e.(e"t that the sun had not yet
isen and we ha+e said "e+iously that the "e(edin' Ahaadeeth indi(ate the
le'islati+e (ontinuation of food and dink until the a""eaan(e of the li'ht of
the day) *his is found in 6/ *hat is only the bla(k of ni'ht and the white of
day) So this hadeeth is in (om"lete hamony with this hadeeth and does not
(ontadi(t any othes)
9at *hee
Fastin' in *a+el (Safa)/
It was the o"inion of most of the Sahaabah (a)# the *aabieen and those who
followed them in(ludin' the fou Aimmah (Imaams) that it was allowed to fast o
beak the fast in ta+el) 5owe+e they diffeed in de(idin' whi(h was of the two was
bette) Imaam Abu 5aneefah# Maalik# Ash-Shaafi and Ath-*haui that fastin' in the
state of ta+el is bette fo the one who has the (a"able and it wont (ause ham o
hadshi") *his was also naated to be the +iew of Anas bin Maalik# Uthmaan ibn abi
Al-Aas and 5udhaifah bin al-Aaman fom amon'st the Sahaabah (ah)) As it has
been e"oted to be the +iew of Uwah bin Iubai# Saeed bin Jubai# Abdullah ibn
Mubbaak and Ibaheem an-8akhii)
It is the o"inion of Imaam Ahmad# Isha, ibn $aahuwiyah and al-Aw3aai that
beakin' the fast while ta+ellin' is "efeable as it is a $ukhsah) It has been naated
that Ibn Abbaas# and Ibn Uma (ah) both held this o"inion fom amon'st the
Sahaabah (ah) and Saeed ibn Al-Musayyib# Aami ash-Shabi and Ibn ul-
Maa-shoon (fom those that followed)) Uma ibn Abdul-A3ee3 and Ibn ul-Mundhi
+iewed that the most "efeable is the easiest based on the statement of Allah (swt)/
S)))Allah wishes fo you the Ausa (easy thin'))))T) It has also been e"oted fom
Uma ibn Al-2hattaab# his son Abdullah# Abd-u-$ahman ibn Auf and Abu 5uaiah
fom amon'st the Sahaabah and Ibn Shihaab A3-Iuhi fom the *aabieen that it is
not allowed to fast while ta+ellin') Also that whoe+e has fasted $amadhaan whilst
in a state of ta+el then it is waa-ib to make 1adaa fo it)
In ode to ai+e at the tuth and (oe(t o"inion in this issue we must fist e.amine
the te.ts whi(h elate to it/
0) *he wife of the 9o"het Aaisha (a) said/
LL5am3a ibn Amu Al-Aslami asked the 9o"het (saw)/ &o I fast whilst in
ta+el (safa)@ 5e (saw) e"ied/ Fast if you wish and beak fast if you wishNN)
Al-<ukhaai (0H76)# An-8asaai# Ahmad and Ad-&aaami)
4) Abu Muaawih e"oted fom 5am3a ibn Amu al-Aslami (a) that he said/
LL% Messen'e of Allah (saw)# I find that I ha+e the sten'th to fast whilst I
am ta+ellin') Is thee a "oblem in that@ 5e (saw) e"lied/ It (beakin' fast) is
a $ukhsah ("emission) fom Allah# so whoe+e takes it then it is 'ood) And
whoe+e "efes to fast then thee is no "oblem in thatNN)
Muslim (4=4H)# An-8asaai and Ibn 5ibbaan)
6) 5am3ah ibn Amu Al-Aslami (a) said/
LLI said to the Messen'e of Allah (saw)/ I ha+e a ba(k that I teat) I ta+el
u"on it and honou it and this may o((u in this month ($amadhaan) howe+e
I ha+e sten'th and I am youn' and ha+e found that fastin' in it (whilst
ta+ellin') is less u"on me than if I delayed it and it be(ame a debt) Is it
'eate in tems of my A- (ewad) if I fast Aa $asoolullah o if I beak it@ 5e
(saw) e"lied/ Any whi(h one you wish Aa 5am3aNN)
Abu &aawud (47D6) and Al-5aalim)
7) Fom Aaisha (a) that 5am3a Ibn Amu Al-Aslami asked the 9o"het (saw)/
LLAa $asollullah (saw)# I am a man that likes to (ontinue his fast so I fast in
ta+el@ 5e (saw) said/ Fast if you wish and beak fast if you wishNN)
Muslim (4=4=)# An-8asaai and Ahmad)
;) Abu Saeed Al-2hudi (a) said/
LL?e went on an militay e."edition (Gha3wah) with the Messen'e of Allah
(saw) and si.teen days had "assed fom $amadhaan) Fom amon'st us wee
those who fasted and those who boke thei fast) *he one who fasted did not
see fault in the one who boke his fast and the one who boke his fast did not
find fault in the one that (ontinued to fastNN)
Muslim (4=0;)# An-8asaai# At-*imidhi# Ahmad and Ibn 5ibbaan)
=) Anas bin Maalik (a) said/
LL?e wee ta+ellin' with the 9o"het (saw) and the one who was fastin' did
not find fault in the one who boke his fast and the one who boke his fast did
not find fault in the one who fastedNN)
Al-<ukhaai (0H7>)# Muslim# Abu &aawud# Maalik and Al-<ayha,i)
>) Abu Ad-&adaa (a) said/
LL?e went out with the 9o"het (saw) on one of ou ta+els and it was a hot
day whee the man would "la(e his hand o+e his head be(ause of the
se+eity of the heat) 8one of us wee fastin' e.(e"t the 9o"het (saw) and
Ibn $awaahahNN)
Al-<ukhaai (0H7;)# Muslim# Abu &aawud# Ibn Maa-ah and Ahmad)
B) Jaabi ibn Abdullah (a) said/
LL AllahPs A"ostle was on a -ouney and saw a (owd of "eo"le# and a man
was bein' shaded (by them)) 5e asked# R?hat is the matte@R *hey said# R5e
(the man) is fastin')R *he 9o"het said# RIt is not i'hteousness that you fast
on a -ouneyNN)
Al-<ukhaai (0H7=)# Muslim# Abu &aawud# Ad-&aaami and Ahmad) An-
8asaai (44=D) naated simila that he (saw) said/ LLIt is not i'hteousness to
fast whilst ta+ellin'# you should take the $ukhsah fom Allah A33a wa Jalla
and a((e"t it (take hold of it)NN) At-*abaaani also naated it in Al-Mu-am Al-
2abee and the followin' statement was naated/LLIt is not fom Al-<i
(i'hteousness) to fast whilst ta+ellin'NN) *his was e"oted fom Abdullah
Ibn Uma (a) with Ibn Maa-ah (0==;)# Ibn 5ibbaan# At-*abaaani and At-
*ahaawi with A saheeh sanad ((hain)) Ibn Maa-ah (0==7) naated it fom
2ab bin Aasim Al-Ashai as well as At-*abaaani# An-8asaai# Ahmad# Ad-
&aaami and At-*ahaawi) Ahmad (47D>H) and At-*abaaani in Al-Mu-am Al-
2abee also naated it with sli'htly diffeent wodin' fom 2ab in the Aemeni
diale(t) *his is be(ause 2ab Al-Ashai was Aemeni and they use the haf
(lette) meem instead of Alif Laam fo *aeef (the definite ati(le)) Al-<a33aa
(HB;) and At-*abaaani in his Al-Mu-am Al-2abee ha+e e(oded this
naation fom Abdullah Ibn Abbaas (a)) Al-5aithami has said that the
naatos of Al-<a33aa ae tustwothy (saheeh))
H) Ibn Abbaas (a) said/
LL*hee is no fault on the one who fasts o the one that beaks his fast) *he
Messen'e of Allah (saw) used to fast and beak his fast in ta+elNN)
Muslim (4=DH)# Ahmad and Ibn 2hu3aimah) Abu &aawud At-*ayaalissy
(4=>>) e"oted fom Ibn Abbaas that he said/
LLMeily the 9o"het (saw) used to fast and beak fast when he was
ta+ellin'NN)
0D) Abu *umah said/
LLI was in the "esen(e of Ibn Uma when a man (ame and he said/ % Abu
Abd-u-$ahman I am ston'e with my fastin' in ta+el) Ibn Uma e"lied/ I
head the messen'e of Allah (saw) say/ *he one who does not a((e"t the
$ukhsah of Allah A33a wa Jalla then he has the sin like the mountain of
AafahNN)
Ahmad (;6H4) and At-*abaaani in Al-Mu-am Al-2abee with a (hain the Al-
5aithami has +eified as 5asan)
00) Abu Saeed Al-2hudi (a) said/
LL?e wee makin' a militay e."edition with the Messen'e of Allah (saw) in
$amadhaan) Some of us fasted and some wee not) *he faste did hold
anythin' a'ainst the non-faste and +i(e +esa) *hey saw that whoe+e had
the sten'th ((a"ability) to fast then that was all well and 'ood and whoe+e
found himself weak would efain fom fastin' and that was also all well and
'oodNN)
Muslim (4=0B)# At-*imidhi# An-8asaai# Ahmad# Ibn 5ibbaan and Ibn
2hu3aimah)
04) Fom 1a3aah who said that Saeed al-2hudi (a) said/
LL ?e ta+elled with the Messen'e of Allah (may "ea(e be u"on him)
towads Me((a and we had been obse+in' fast) ?e halted at a "la(e) *hee
the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/ Aou ae neain' you enemy and beakin'
of fast would 'i+e you 'eate sten'th# and that was a (on(ession ('i+en to
us)) <ut some of us (ontinued to obse+e the fast and some of us boke it) ?e
then 'ot down at anothe "la(e and he (the 5oly 9o"het) said/ Aou ae 'oin'
to en(ounte the enemy in the monin' and beakin' of the fast would 'i+e
you sten'th# so beak the fast) As it was a "oint of stess# so we boke the
fast) <ut subse,uently we saw ousel+es obse+in' the fast with the
Messen'e of Allah (saw) on a -ouneyNN)
Muslim (4=47)# Ahmad# Abu &aawud# Al-<ayha,i and At-*ahaawi)
06) Anas (a) said/
LL ?e wee with the A"ostle of Allah (saw) on a -ouney) Some of us had
been obse+in' the fast and some of us had not been fastin') ?e 'ot down at
a "la(e on a hot day) Most of us had the (loth fo shelte) *hee wee also
those amon'st us who shelteed (themsel+es a'ainst the ays of the) sun with
the hel" of thei hands) *he obse+es of the fast fell down (on a((ount of
weakness)) *hose who had not obse+ed it 'ot u" and "it(hed tents and
wateed the mounts) *heeu"on the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/ *he
beakes of the fast ha+e taken away the ewad todayNN)
Muslim (4=44)# An-8asaai# Ibn 2hu3aimah and Ibn 5ibbaan)
07) Ibn Uma (a) e"oted that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LLMeily Allah (swt) lo+es to 'i+e his $ukhas ("emission of lenien(y) like he
lo+es to 'i+e his esolutionsNN
Ibn 5ibbaan (6;=B)# Al-<a33aa and At-*abaaani) Ibn 5ibbaan (4>74) and
Ahmad naated it with the wodin' that/
LLMeily Allah (swt) lo+es to 'i+e his $ukhas like he hates to 'i+e an a(t of
disobedien(eNN
0;) Abu Umayyah Ad-dami (a) said/
LLI a""oa(hed the Messen'e of Allah (saw) and 'a+e my salaam afte
etunin' fom ta+el) ?hen I was lea+in' he (saw) said/ ?ait fo the meal Aa
Abu Umayyah) I e"lied/ I am fastin' Aa 8abi Allah) 5e (saw) said/ Fome
hee and I will infom you about the ta+elle) Meily Allah (sawt) has lifted the
fast fom him and half of his salaahNN) An-8asaai (44=H)# Al-<ukhaai in his
book of histoy# Ad-&aaami and At-*ahaawi) %n the authoity of Anas bin
Maalik E Al-2abi E (a) e(oded by Abu &aawud (47DB)# An-8asaai# Ibn
Maa-ah# Ahmad and At-*imidhi said/
LLAllah (swt) has lifted half of the Salaah and the fast fom the ta+elle as
well as the beast feedin' and "e'nant woman) <y Allah# he said them
to'ethe o one of them)))NN) At-*imidhi +eified it as 5asan) *hee is also
anothe +esion fom An-8asaai (44>7)/
LLMeily Allah (swt) has lifted fom the ta+elle half of the Salaah and the
(whole) fast and also fom the beastfeedin' and "e'nant womanNN)
?ith *awfee, fom Allah (swt) in elation to the abo+e e+iden(es I say the followin'/
*he one who takes a 'ood look at the abo+e te.ts will find that they make e+ident
that fastin' in ta+el is e,ual to beakin' fast in it) *his is without one ha+in' any
"efeen(e o+e the othe and the Messen'e (saw) e."lained this e,uality in many
of the te.ts) *his was des"ite the many diffeent ,uestions that wee "osed to him
and the diffeent situations the ,uestiones found themsel+es in) *his means that the
e,ual meit between fastin' and beakin' fast emains as it with no e'ad fo
diffeent situations and (i(umstan(es) *his einfo(es the e,uality between the two)
*he fist hadeeth says If you wish fast and if you wish beak you fast# the se(ond
hadeeth says it is a $ukhsah fom Allah so whoe+e takes it then this is 'ood and
whoe+e wishes to fast then thee is no "oblem in that# the thid hadeeth says Any
one of the two you wish Aa 5am3ah# the tenth hadeeth says *he one who does not
a((e"t (take) the $ukhsah of Allah A33a wa Jalla then he has the sin on him like the
Mountain of Aafah and the ele+enth hadeeth says *hey saw that whoe+e found
the sten'th would fast and that was all well and 'ood# and whoe+e found weakness
would beak fast and that was also 'ood)
5am3ah Al-Aslami (a) "ut fowad his ,uestions fom a numbe of diffeent ealities
o (i(umstan(es/ In the fist hadeeth the ,uestion was 'eneal and the es"onse
(ame to e,ualise between the two (fast and beakin' fast in ta+el)) In the se(ond
hadeeth he said/ I find the sten'th to fast while ta+ellin' so is thee anythin' won'
in this@ as if he wanted the fast to be "efeable o+e its beakin' but the es"onse
was a'ain to make (om"lete e,uality between the two a(tions) In the thid hadeeth
he stated I ha+e sten'th and youth and I find to fast is less on me than if I delay it
and it be(omes a debt so hee he in(eases his a'ument fo the "efeen(e of
fastin' and yet a'ain the answe (ame whi(h 'a+e (om"lete e,uality between the
two a(tions) In the fouth 5am3ah (a) (ame with a new a'ument that he likes to
kee" the fast (ontinuous and he did not e(ei+e fom the messen'e of Allah (saw)
e.(e"t the answe/ Fast if you wish and beak it if you wish) All of this indi(ates that
kee"in' the fast whilst ta+ellin' is the same and e,ui+alent in ewad to beakin' the
fast and that neithe has anythin' o+e the othe and if we look at the est of the te.ts
we will find that the e,uality between the two is established)
It is theefoe (lea in an e+ident way that it is e,ually "emitted to fast o beak fast
duin' ta+el without the e.isten(e of any "efeen(e of one o+e the othe) *his
theefoe shows the mistake in the +iews that fastin' is bette than beakin' fast o
beakin' fast is bette than fastin' in ta+el) And it also makes (lea in an e+en moe
e+ident manne the eo of those who did not "emit fastin' whilst in ta+el and that
whoe+e fasted would need to make 1adaa)
I see that the (oe(t o"inion is that whi(h is attibuted to Uma ibn Abdul A3ee3 and
Ibn ul-Mundhi who said that the easiest of the two is the best without s"e(ifyin' that
any one of them is bette than the othe) *his is fistly be(ause of the Ayah# S)))Allah
wishes fo you ease)))T and se(ondly be(ause the Messen'e of Allah (saw) would
(hoose the easie of two (e,ual) (hoi(es# whee no sin was in+ol+ed) Al-<ukhaai
(6;=D)# Muslim# Abu &aawud# Maalik and Ahmad naated a 5adeeth fom Aaisha
(ah)/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) did not (hoose between two issues e.(e"t that he
would take the easie of the two as lon' as thee was no sin be(ause he was the
most fa way of the "eo"le fom sinNN)
In this situation thee is a (hoi(e between two issues without the "esen(e of sin so
the takin' of the easie is also the takin' of the noble 'uidan(e of the 9o"het (saw))
A ,uestion howe+e emains that needs to be answeed and that is how do we
inte"et the sayin' of the Messen'e (saw)# It is not fom al-<i (i'hteousness) to
fast whilst in ta+el@ &oes this not indi(ate the "efeen(e of beakin' the fast@ *his
(an be answeed fom a numbe of an'les/
Fistly/ *he (ommand to do somethin' does not ne(essaily mean the "ohibition of
the o""osite a(tion -ust like the "ohibition of an a(tion does not ne(essaily mean
the (ommand of its o""osite) ?e theefoe say that the denial of <i (i'hteousness)
fom the fastin' in ta+el does not mean that it only e.ists in only in the Fit (beakin'
of fast))
Se(ondly/ <efoe we (an answe this ,uestion it is fist e,uied to undestand the
meanin' of Al-<i fom the lan'ua'e and Shaa) *he "eo"le of lan'ua'e and the
Fu,ahaa ha+e both diffeed in definin' Al-<i and thee ae a numbe of o"inions/
Imaam Ash-Shaafi said/ It is +ey "ossible that the <i mentioned hee is not the
obli'atoy <i whi(h if left is sinful) *he ne'ation of <i (an be (aied to the one
who e-e(ts the a((e"tan(e of the $ukhsah) An-8asaai (44=D) e"ots the 5adeeth/
*hat Jaabi bin Abdullah said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/ It is not fom
Al-<i the fastin' in ta+elO you should take the $ukhsah of Allah A33a wa Jalla and
a((e"t it) At-*ahaawi said/ *he <i hee means the (om"lete <i whi(h is the
hi'hest le+el and it does not mean that fastin' in ta+el takes you outside of <i)
%thes ha+e said that it is all that bin's you (lose to Allah A33a wa Jalla) It is also
inte"eted to mean Sid, (tuthfulness) and it also has been used to mean the
kee"in' of oaths:testimony and not (ommittin' "e-uy) It also has the meanin' of
obedien(e# like <i al-?aalidain (obedien(e to "aents) as well as the meanin's of
u"i'htness and 'oodness) Al-<i is theefoe a wod that (ontains many meanin's
all of them indi(ate 'oodness) So al-<i is 'oodness and fo it to be Shai then the
Shaa needs to e,uest it and ode with it) It (an be Am Jaa3im (de(isi+e
(ommand) in whi(h (ase it would be Fad (obli'atoy) o 'hai -aa3im (inde(isi+e) in
whi(h (ase it would be Mandoob (e(ommended)) Al-<i o Al-2hai ('oodness)
(annot be e.(e"t one of these two (ate'oies of a(tion) It (annot fall in the
Mubaahaat in whi(h thee is an e,ual (hoi(e to take o lea+e the a(tion and in whi(h
thee is no s"e(ified ewad o sin) Al-<i (an theefoe only fall unde the Fuood
and Mandoobaat and nothin' else) It is theefoe obli'atoy to undestand Al-<i in
the hadeeth in this way) Its meanin' is that fastin' in ta+el is not obli'atoy on you
no is it e(ommended) *his is the meanin' that is a""aent and e"eated in all the
5adeeth we ha+e "e+iously mentionedO Fast if you wish and beak fast if you wish
i)e) it is a (hoi(e between Mubaahaat whi(h ae e,ual if "efomed o left)
*heefoe fastin' whilst in ta+el is neithe Fad no Mandoob and it is only Mubaah)
So whoe+e wishes to fast (an do so and whoe+e wishes beak the fast (an do so)
*his undestandin' is su""oted by the Ahaadeeth like It is not fom Al-<i to fast
whilst in ta+el whi(h means it is not obli'atoy o Mandoob to fast whilst in ta+el)
*his +ey same meanin' is found in the statement of the Messen'e of Allah (saw) in
numbe 0; he said/ Fome hee# I will infom you about the ta+elle/ Meily Allah (swt)
has lifted fom him the (obli'ation of) fastin')))) i)e) he has "ut aside its (ommand and
the one who lea+es it entes into the (ate'oy of Mubaahaat) So in this issue we
ha+e "ut to'ethe all the e+iden(es and usin' all of them is bette than ne'le(tin'
one o some as has been established in Usool ul-Fi,h)
Anothe ,uestion emains e'adin' how to undestand hadeeth B Aou should take
the $ukhsah of Allah A33a wa Jalla# so a((e"t it and numbe 0D ?hoe+e does not
take the $ukhsah of Allah A33a wa Jalla then he will ha+e the sin on him like that of
the Mountain of Aafah@ &o these two not indi(ate a (ommand to make Iftaa and
that it is "efeable to kee"in' the fast@
*he answe is that this Am ((ommand) is linked to the a((e"tan(e of the $ukhsah
and not a (ommand to make Iftaa and thee is a diffeen(e between the two) ?hat is
meant by the a((e"tan(e of the $ukhsah hee is to emo+e the undestandin' that
fastin' should be ke"t to whilst in ta+el whethe it is obli'atoy o e(ommended) *he
$ukhsah has (ome to (an(el the (ommitment to fastin' and lea+e it to the
Mubaahaat) *he 5adeeth in B (lealy su""ots this as it says/ It is not fom Al-<i to
fast whilst in ta+elO you should take the $ukhsah of Allah A33a wa Jalla and a((e"t
it) *he meanin' is that fastin' in ta+el is not obli'atoy o e(ommended# and it
wasnt like that be(ause of a $ukhsah fom Allah A33a wa Jalla) It is theefoe
obli'atoy to take this undestandin' and a(t a((odin' to it and lea+e the
undestandin' of obli'ation o e(ommendation whi(h was "esent befoe the
$ukhsah) *he 5adeeth in 0D indi(ates the same meanin'O it is a se+ee wanin' to
whoe+e insists on emainin' on the o"inion of the obli'ation of fastin' o its
"efeen(e (nadb) whilst ta+ellin' and theefoe has not a((e"ted the $ukhsah of
Allah whi(h has abo'ated (nasakha) the obli'ation and e(ommendation) So these
two hadeeth (B and 0D) ae (onsistent with and einfo(e the othe e+iden(es that we
ha+e 'one thou'h (in this issue) whi(h all indi(ate the (hoi(e between fastin' and
beakin' fast whilst in ta+el) *his is how the Sahaabah (ah) undestood it like the
hadeeth in ; indi(ated# *he fastin' "eson did not lay fault on the beake of fast#
and the beake of fast did not find fault in the one fastin') *he Ahaadeeth =# H and
00 mention the same meanin') As fo 5adeeth 07O Meily Allah (swt) lo+es to 'i+e his
$ukhas ("emission of lenien(y) like he lo+es to 'i+e his (a3eeemah) esolutionsNN it
indi(ates the same as the "e(edin' Ahaadeeth in the sense of e,uatin'# between
the fast and its beakin') Aou lo+e the $ukhsah like you lo+e the A3eemah with
e,ual lo+e# one does not "ossess a ,uality o+e the othe) *his su""ots and
einfo(es the meanin's of the "e+ious Ahaadeeth whi(h make the sawm and Iftaa
of e,ual standin' whilst in Safa)
*hee is anothe "oint that (an be 'ained fom this hadeeth whi(h is had to see and
hidden fom many) *his is that Allah (swt) has 'i+en the (hoi(e between the two
a(tions and made it fall in the (ate'oy of the Mubaahaat) *his does not mean
howe+e that someone (hooses one of these (hoi(es on a "emanent basis and
lea+es the othe (hoi(e likewise on a "emanent basis e+en if this is "emitted fo
him to do) $athe Allah (swt) lo+es that the man altenates between the two# doin'
one at one time and doin' anothe at a diffeent time) *he 5adeeth mentions he
lo+es howe+e this does not ea(h to the le+el of obli'ation and (ommitment) *his
means that althou'h the fastin' has been wai+ed fom the ta+elle in the obli'atoy
and nafl (e(ommended) fasts# this does not mean that he lea+es it (fastin')
(om"letely and sti(ks to not eatin' in ta+el) It athe means that he has the (hoosin'
whi(h Allah lo+es) *his is to "efom one of these two a(tions on(e o a numbe of
times and also do the othe on(e o a numbe of times# all of this without (ommitment
o (om"ulsion) *he Am (ode) emains one of (hoi(e in hukm and a(tion and this
e."lains what (ame in hadeeth ># *hee was not amon'st any who wee fastin'
e.(e"t fo the 9o"het (saw) and Ibn $awaahah and what (ame in hadeeth H# *he
Messen'e of Allah (saw) use to fast in ta+el and beak his fast) So he (saw) who
bou'ht to us the infomation of Allahs A33a wa Jalla lo+e fo this fom of (hoosin'
use to a(t in a((odan(e with this whee he use to fast sometimes and beak his fast
sometimes# altenatin' without sti(kin' o (ommittin' to one o the othe)
5ee we will sto" to e.amine the hadeeths in 04 and 06) ?e say/
In elation to 5adeeth 04/
*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) was fastin' whilst ta+ellin' fom Al-Madeenah to
Makkah and his (om"anions wee also fastin') ?hen they 'ot (lose to the enemy
the Messen'e of Allah (saw) eminded them of the $ukhsah of Allah A33a wa Jalla
whi(h makes e,ual (the ewad) between beakin' the fast and kee"in' it so he
eminded them of the Fit (beakin' of fast) as an altenati+e to fastin') 5e also
e."lained that al-Fit was bette (in tems of sten'th and "owe) fo them and that
they wee in a state of "e"aation fo battle) *he fi'htin' would e,uie the
"e"aation of sten'th whi(h in(ludes the "hysi(al body sten'th) 5e did this without
odein' them to beak thei fast but suffi(ed with a eminde) *his e"esents the
hukm Shai in these ty"es of situations and (i(umstan(es whi(h is that the Saaim
would make Iftaa if he found himself in weakness and if he found sten'th he would
(ontinue his fast) If he did not ha+e it (the sten'th) then he (ould take the $ukhsah
whi(h (aies the same wei'ht (in ewad)) 5owe+e befoe the battle due to the
"hysi(al sten'th that was e,uied in the battle he (saw) odeed them to "e"ae
this "owe by beakin' thei fasts) All of them theefoe boke thei fasts in
a((odan(e to the hukm shai in this situation and this situation does not affe(t the
e,uality between fastin' and beakin' fast whilst in ta+el) It is athe a diffeent
situation whi(h is elated to fi'htin' and what is e,uied of a Mu-aahid to do at that
time) *hee is theefoe nothin' in this 5adeeth that indi(ated the "efeen(e of
makin' Iftaa o+e the kee"in' of the fast whilst in ta+el)
In elation to 5adeeth 06/
*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) was ta+ellin' with the (om"anions and some wee
fastin' and othes wee not) *his is a natual situation and efle(ts the e,uality
between the Saum and Fit) *he heat then be(ame se+ee and the Saaim would fall
fom his weakness whi(h made it ne(essay fo them to beak thei fastin') 5ad they
(ontinued fastin' in these (i(umstan(es then this would not ha+e meant the e,uality
between fastin' and beakin' fast but athe the "efeen(e of fastin' whi(h is not
(oe(t) *he 8oble 9o"het (saw) theefoe inte+ened and eminded them of the
hukm of e,uality and (hoi(e) *his means that the one who (ontinues his fast des"ite
the le+el of hadshi" and weakness that he has ea(hed has not taken the $ukhsah
whi(h Allah A33a wa Jalla lo+es) 5e (saw) said with (laityO *hose who wee not
fastin' ha+e taken the ewad today meanin' that at this time the fit was bette and
that whoe+e had made Iftaa had 'ained ewad fo takin' the $ukhsah of Allah
A33a wa Jalla E ?hen we saw those who wee not fastin' makin' the sheltes and
feedin' the hoses:(amels E all of this was a(ts of obedien(e and (loseness to Allah
(swt)) ?e (an undestand that those who boke thei fast had a 'eate ewad# the
ewad of Iftaa by takin' the $ukhsah in the time of se+eity and the ewad of
"it(hin' the tents (shelte) and feedin' the hoses)
In (on(lusion it (an theefoe be (lealy seen that all of the e+iden(es su""ot and
einfo(e one anothe in the o"inion that fastin' and beakin' fast (ay the same
+alue (ewad) whilst ta+ellin' and that neithe is "efeential o+e the othe)

*he e+iden(es of those that say it is obli'atoy to make Iftaa whilst in Safa/
8ow we will take a look at the o"inion of those who make Al-Fit obli'atoy and do
not "emit fastin' whilst ta+ellin' fom thei e+iden(es and semblan(e of e+iden(es/
0) Allah (swt) said/
a

,
3
b >

Q
3
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c -*! 8.

))))))
ST)))So whoe+e fom amon'st you is si(k o ta+ellin' then (he should make
them u" on a) numbe of othe days)))TT (Al-<a,aah 0B7)
4) Ibn Abbaas (a) said/
LL *he Messen'e of Allah (saw) went out duin' the month of $amadan in
the yea of Mi(toy (when Me((a was (on,ueed) and was fastin' till he
ea(hed Al-2adeed (a (anal:s"in' situated at a distan(e of foty-two miles
fom Me((a) and he then boke the fast) And it was the habit of the
Fom"anions of the Messen'e of Allah (saw) to follow him in e+ey new thin'
(o a(t)) So they followed him also (in this matte)NN)
Ad-&aaami (0>DH)# Muslim# Ibn 2hu3aimah and Ibn Abi Shaybah)
6) Jaabi bin Abdullah (a) said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) went out in the yea of the Fath (o"enin' of
Makkah) in $amadhaan towads Makkah) 5e fasted until he ea(hed 2aa
Al-Ghameem and the "eo"le wee also fastin') 5e (alled fo a dinkin' +essel
(ontainin' wate and aised it so that the "eo"le (ould see and then dank) It
was said to him afte that/ Meily dome of the "eo"le wee fastin' so he (saw)
said/ *hey ae the disobedient# they ae the disobedientNN)
Muslim (4=0D)# At-*imidhi and Ibn 5ibbaan) An-8asaai (44=6)# Ahmad and
Al-<a33aa naated the flowin' +esion/
LL)))So the "eo"le fasted) It ea(hed him (saw) that the "eo"le wee fa(in'
hadshi" in thei fastin' so he (alled fo a +essel of wate and afte the time of
As he dank and the "eo"le wee wat(hin'NN) In anothe naation (olle(ted
by Muslim (4=00) it was said/
LL)))It was said to him (saw)/ *he fastin' is (ausin' hadshi" fo the "eo"le
and they ae lookin' to what you ha+e done so he (saw) (alled fo a +essel
(ontainin' wate afte AsNN)
7) Jaabi Ibn Abdullah (a) said/
LLAllahPs Messen'e (saw) was on a -ouney and saw a (owd of "eo"le# and
a man was bein' shaded (by them)) 5e (saw) asked# R?hat is the matte@R
*hey said# R5e (the man) is fastin')R *he 9o"het (saw) said# RIt is not
i'hteousness that you fast on a -ouneyTNN)
Al-<ukhaai (0H7=)# Muslim# Abu &aawud# An-8asaai# Ad-&aaami and
Ahmad)
;) Abd-u-$ahman ibn Auf (a) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LL*he one who fasts whilst ta+ellin' in $amadhaan is like the one who
makes Iftaa when not ta+ellin'NN)
Ibn Maa-ah (0===)# An-8asaai (44B7 E Mau,oofan))
=) Anas bin Maalik (Al-2abi) said/
LLI (ame to the Messen'e of Allah (saw) ))))and he was eatin'# he (saw)
(alled me to -oin him and I said that I was fastin') 5e said/ Fome (lose and I
will infom you about that# +eily Allah (swt) has lifted (the obli'ation of) fastin'
fom the ta+elle and half of the SalaahNN)
An-8asaai (44>=)# Abu &aawud# Ibn Maa-ah# Ahmad and At-*imidhi who
+eified it as 5asan) A simila hadeeth was mentioned unde 0; in the last
se(tion)
As fo the noble Ayah they say that its meanin's ae numeous and the obli'ation(s)
u"on it ae many) *he Ayah indi(ates that the ta+elle beaks his fast and makes u"
fom othe days and thee was no mention in it of fastin') So I say/ *he fo(us is on
beakin' fast a numbe of days and the ayaah has (ome mostly in a 'eneal manne)
It did not (ome to deny the fast o (onfine itself to Iftaa (beakin' the fast) so thee is
no indi(ation o undestand that su""ots thei o"inion (e'adin' the obli'ation to
beak fast whilst ta+ellin'))
As fo the se(ond e+iden(e# it has two "ats to it) *he fist is the statement of Ibn
Abbaas (a) that LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) went out in the yea of Al-Fath
(o"enin' of Makkah)# he fasted and the "eo"le fasted until they ea(hed Al-2adeed
whee he boke his fast and the "eo"le also boke thei fastNN) *his e+iden(e does
not su""ot thei o"inion and a'ees with the meanin' of the many Ahaadeeth that
we mentioned "e+iously and in "ati(ula what was mentioned in H)
As fo the se(ond "at# LL*hey (a) would follow him (saw) in e+ey new thin' that he
didNN *his statement was added by Shihaab A3-Iuhi like Al-<ukhaai affimed in the
book:se(tion Al-Jihaad (It was his statement and it was the end of two mattes)) *his
addition is also found in the naation (olle(ted by Muslim) *hen the 9o"het (saw)
afte this naation of e+ents as e"oted in 04 in the "e+ious se(tion *hen we saw
ousel+es fastin' with the Messen'e of Allah (saw) afte that whilst we wee in
ta+elNN) Fistly the "e+iously mentioned addition is the statement of A3-Iuhi and is
theefoe not a le'itimate daleel) Ibn 2hu3aimah (4D6;) (ommented on this hadeeth/
Sufyaan said/ I do not know if this is fom the statement of Ibn Abbaas# Ubaidullah o
A3-Iuhi)) *his shows that thee is doubt in this statement) *he addition is also in
o""osition to the hadeeth of Saeed Al-2hudi in 04 and othes e+iden(e and so in
(on(lusion no e'ad should be 'i+en to it)
As fo the thid hadeeth (*hey ae the disobedient ones# they ae the disobedient
ones then this is in elation to the situation whee fastin' has be(ome a hadshi"
u"on them and at the time of hadshi" the $ukhsah is taken) So they efused to take
the $ukhsah and they efained fom emulatin' the Messen'e of Allah (saw) when
he (alled fo and dank fom the +essel (ontainin' wate in font of them) In this
situation they wee disobedient by kee"in' to thei fast and hadeeth in 0D of the
"e+ious se(tion efes to this/ (?hoe+e does not take the $ukhsah of Allah A33a wa
Jalla then he has the sin like the mountain of Aafah on him))
As fo the fouth 5adeeth (It is not fom Al-<i to fast whilst ta+ellin') then we ha+e
e."lained its indi(ations and meanin's (in detail) in the "e+ious se(tion)
In e'ads to the fifth hadeeth (*he one who fasts whilst ta+ellin' is like the one who
beaks his fast whilst esident (not ta+ellin'))) ?hethe "at of it is mafouan o
maw,oofan (hadeeth teminolo'y e'adin' the (hain of tansmittes) it does not
matte be(ause the hadeeth is mun,tian ((ut off)) Al-<ukhaai and Aahya bin Mueen
said that Abu Salamah Abd-u-$ahman did not hea anythin' fom his fathe) *he
(hain of Ibn Maaa-ah in addition to be Mun,ati (ontains a $aawi (naato (alled
Usaamah bin Iaid and his weakness has been a'eed u"on) Abu Isha, said that this
hadeeth does not hold +alue) *he hadeeth is theefoe +ey weak and must be
abandoned)
As fo hadeeth = (Meily Allah has lifted (the obli'ation) of the fast fom the ta+elle
and half of the Salaah) we ha+e e."lained its meanin' and indi(ations "e+iously so
thee is no need to e"eat that) In (on(lusion it (an be said that althou'h these ha+e
been "esented as Adillah (e+iden(es) to su""ot thei o"inion# in eality they ae no
moe than semblan(es of doubtful e+iden(es whi(h do not su""ot thei o"inion
(e'adin' the obli'ation of beakin' fast whilst in ta+el))
As fo the o"inion of many who ha+e said that fastin' is bette than beakin' fast and
othes who ha+e "efeed the beakin' of fast o+e its (ontinuan(e# then (I say) that
ea(h 'ou" has taken fom the e+iden(es that whi(h su""ots thei +iew) *hey ha+e
not made the effot to look at all the e+iden(es to'ethe) Fo e.am"le# some ha+e
said that the Fit is bette be(ause of the $ukhsah found in the Ahaadeeth and with
the statementO It is not fom Al-<i to fast whilst ta+ellin') %thes ha+e said that
fastin' is bette usin' e+iden(e > fom the "e+ious se(tion *hee was not amon'st
us any one who was fastin' e.(e"t the 9o"het (saw) and Ibn $awaahah# also the
hadeeth 04 *hen afte that we found ousel+es fastin' with the Messen'e of Allah
(saw) whilst in ta+el and the hadeeth we only e(ently mentioned *hey (a) would
follow him (saw) in e+ey new thin' that he did) I-tihaad is not (oe(t and not allowed
to be undetaken unless the Mu-tahid looks at all of the te.ts elated to the issue and
in(ludes them in his study) It is not allowed to take the (olle(tion of 5adeeth that he
+iews to indi(ate his o"inion and lea+e the othe e+iden(e that dont)
*he distan(e e,uied fo makin' Iftaa in ta+el/
*he "eo"le of o"inion (Ashaab A-$ai)# Maalik# Ash-Shaafi# Al-Aw3aai# Aahyah Al-
Ansaai# Ibaheem An-8akhii# A3-Iuhi and Makhool held the o"inion that when a
esident makes the intention to fast and then ta+els then it is not allowed fo him to
beak his fast and must theefoe (ontinue with it) As fo the Musaafi (ta+elle) then
if he made the intention to fast at ni'ht and then wished to beak his fast# then he is
allowed to do that) Ahmad# Isha, ibn $aahuwiyah# Al-5asan Al-<asi# Al-Mu3ni#
&aawud bin Ali# Aami Ash-Shabi# Ibn ul-Mundhi# Ash-Shawkaani and Ataa also
"emitted that)
Ahmad# Ishaa,# Ataa and Al-5asan said/ It is allowed fo him to beak his fast whilst
he is in his house in his land befoe he lea+es and that has been taken fom Anas
(a)) Ibn 5a3m and A3h-Ihahaaiyah that iot is allowed fo somebody to beak thei
fast afte ta+ellin' one mile only) It was naated fom Abdullah Ibn Uma (ah) and
Abdullah Ibn Abbaas (ah) that it is allowed to beak fast in what is moe than fou
<uud# i)e) moe than foty-ei'ht miles)
?e will now look at the e+iden(es that sol+e this Masala/
0) 2ulaib bin &huhlin Al-5adami said that Ubaid bin Jubai said/
LLI ta+elled with Abu <asah Al-Ghifaai by boat fom Fustaat in
$amadhaan) 5e bou'ht food and in+ited me to -oin him) I asked/ &o you not
see the houses@ Abu <asah e"lied/ &o you like to distan(e youself fom the
Sunnah of the Messen'e of Allah (saw)@ NN)
Ad-&aaami (0>07)# Abu &aawud# Ahmad and Al-<ayha,i) Ibn 2hu3aimah
naated it (4D7D) and said/ I do not know of eithe 2ulaib bin &huhlin o
Ubaid bin Jubai and the deen does not a((e"t fom those whose
tustwothiness (annot be known o as(etained)
4) Muhammad bin kab said/
LLI (ame to Anas bin Maalik (a) in $amadhaan and he wanted to" ta+el) 5e
had "e"aed his "o+isions and was weain' his ta+el (lothes) 5e then
(alled fo food and ate) I asked him/ Is this the Sunnah@ 5e e"lied/ Aes# its
the Sunnah and then ode off)
At-*imidhi (>H=) and said that the 5adeeth is hasan) In the Isnaad ((hain of
naatos) is Abdullah ibn Jafa and Moeen (lassified him as weak and Abu
5aatim said/ *he 5adeeth is 'eatly e-e(ted) 5is son Ali ibn Al-Madeeni
(lassified the hadeeth weak as did Al-Jaw3-aani who said it is weak) An-
8asaai also said that it is e-e(ted theefoe the 5adeeth is +ey weak des"ite
At-*imidhi sayin' that it is 5asan)
6) Mansoo Al-2albi said/
LL&ihyah bin 2haleefah went out fom his +illa'e in &amas(us in
$amadhaan to the distan(e of U,bah +illa'e of Fustaat whi(h was thee
miles) 5e then boke fast with the "eo"le and the othes disliked that he was
beakin' his fast with them) ?hen he etuned to his +illa'e he said/ <y Allah
today I saw somethin' that I ne+e thou'ht that I would seeO a "eo"le who
disliked followin' the 'uidan(e of the Messen'e (saw) and his (om"anions)
5e said that to those who wee fastin' and then said/ % Allah take me to
youNN)
Abu &aawud (4706)# Ahmad# Ibn 2hu3aimah# Al-<ayha,i and At-*ahaawi)
Mansoo Al-2albi is unknown) *his was said by Al-Madani# Al-2hattaabi and
Ibn 2hu3aimah so this naation is daeef)
7) Al-La-laa- said/
LL?e wee ta+ellin' with Uma (a) a distan(e of thee mile and he allowed
the "aye and boke his fastNN)
Ibn Abi Shaibah (76=:4)) In the (hain of naatos is Al-Jaeei whose name is
Saeed ibn Iyaas and thee yeas befoe his death he suffeed (onfusion (loss
of mind) and the Muhaddithoon e-e(ted him at that "oint)
;) 8aafi said/
LLIbn Uma used to 'o out to the Al-Ghaabah and he would neithe shoten
his "aye no beak his fastNN)
Abu &aawud (4707)# Al-<ayha,i) Al-Mundhii was silent o+e this) Al-
Ghaabah is a "la(e one <aeed (fou faaasikh o a""o.imately twel+e miles)
away fom Al-Madinah)
*he fist fou Aathaa (e"ots) ae all weak so they ae e-e(ted and left) Some ha+e
tied to 'i+e sten'th to these e+iden(es (laimin' that they 'i+e sten'th to anothe
when +iewed (olle(ti+ely) *his is not the (oe(t as the &aeef (annot 'i+e sten'th to
anothe &aeef but athe would only make it weake# so no e'ad (an be 'i+en to
this "in(i"le) %nly the e"ot linked to Ibn Uma is left whi(h states that he went out
of Al-Madeenah twel+e miles to Al-Ghaabah and he did not beak his fast o shoten
his "aye) In e'ads to this I say/
Fistly/ *his a(tion of Ibn Uma (ah) is not a daleel Shai (le'itimate Islami(
e+iden(e) but athe it is a 5ukm Shai (Islami( ulin') whi(h (an be followed by
someone who wishes to make ta,leed to the o"inion of Ibn Uma in this issue) %u
(on(en hee howe+e is not elated the issue of makin' ta,leed)
Se(ondly/ *he fa(t that Ibn Uma did not make Iftaa does not mean (in any way) that
he fobade it o othewise and this is be(ause the Musaafi has the "emission
($ukhsah) to beak the fast) 5e has also the i'ht and (hoi(e to fast as we dis(ussed
ealie so if a "eson beaks his fast o (ontinues with it then both ae "emitted and
the "esen(e of one of them does not indi(ate the "ohibition o "e+ention of the
othe)
In (on(lusion# it a""eas that thee is not a Saheeh o 5asan te.t whi(h s"e(ifies the
distan(e that allows the makin' of Iftaa fom the fast) All that we ha+e on this issue
is the statement of Allah (swt)# S)))and (fo) him who is si(k amon' you# o on a
-ouney# (the same) numbe of othe days)))T *his is an unesti(ted ta+el whi(h did
not s"e(ify a shot o lon' distan(e so whate+e is des(ibed with the name of ta+el
then it is allowed fo the Saaim to make Iftaa and not fast)
As fo the Ahaadeeth that wee mentioned in 4 and 6 that the Messen'e of Allah
(saw) boke his fast in the yea of the o"enin' of Makkah (al-Fath) when he ta+elled
towads Makkah fom Al-Madeenah and ea(hed the well Al-2adeed whi(h was foty-
ei'ht miles away fom Makkah o when he ea(hed 2uaa Al-Ghameem (a +alley in
font of Usfaan# ei'ht miles away fom it and moe than fifty miles fom Makkah))
*hese wee e+iden(es used by those who ha+e said that beakin' fast is obli'atoy
in ta+el but thee is no indi(ation in them at all whi(h elate to this "esent issue
be(ause/
Fistly/ *hese distan(es ae ?a,aai Aayaan (ealities of "e(e"tion) and ?a,aai
Aayaan ae not used as an e+iden(e fo 'eneality as has been established by the
ules of Usool)
Se(ondly/ *hese e+iden(es ha+e "o+ided the distan(e of the makin' of Iftaa fom
Makkah and not fom Al-Madeenah whi(h was whee they wee ta+ellin' fom) *his
shows that these e+iden(es did not (ome to e."lain the distan(e the Messen'e of
Allah (saw) ta+elled in ode to make Iftaa so that it (an be (somehow) linked to this
issue)
And with that it has be(ome e+ident that those who ha+e a sti"ulated a s"e(ified
distan(e fo makin' Iftaa in ta+el ae mistaken in thei +iew be(ause it is not
su""oted by the Shai# the 8oble 1uan o 9o"heti( Sunnah)
?e will some u" the "e(edin' dis(ussion with the followin' wods/ It is the i'ht of
the Musaafi to beak his fast if he is ta+ellin' on a day without any im"ediment to
that) *he Shaa did not s"e(ify a s"e(ifi( distan(e as a eason allowin' the Musaafi
to make Iftaa fom fastin') *he fa(t that he is ta+ellin' is the eason fo his bein'
able to make Iftaa fom fastin') *he Mutla, (unesti(ted) emains as su(h and it is
not allowed to esti(t it not e+en by the e"oted a(t o statement of a Sahaabi o
*aabi o Fa,eeh) Anythin' whi(h (aies the des(i"tion of Safa theefoe "emits
the beakin' of fast and if the tem ta+el is not a suitable des(i"tion then Iftaa is not
"emissible) Also those who ha+e allowed the makin' of Iftaa befoe the lea+in' of
the house ha+e also made an eo be(ause the 8iyah of Safa is not the a(t of Safa
itself) *he ta+el (Safa) itself is the Udh (eason:e.(use) fo beakin' fast and not
the intention) Also those who ha+e s"e(ified a s"e(ifi( distan(e befoe Iftaa (an be
made whethe one mile of fou <uud ha+e also eed in thei s"e(ifi(ation) *his is
be(ause thee is no ston' o sound e+iden(e fo thei +iew so it only emains fo us
to say that ta+el is the eason and theefoe whoe+e is a(tually in the state of ta+el
(an beak his fast)
?e still need to know when the lea+in' fom ou house is ta+ellin' and when it is not
(onsideed to be) So I say the followin'/ Fo the 'oin' out to be (onsideed ta+ellin'
whi(h "emits the makin' of Iftaa# then the "eson should lea+e his land (town)
whi(h he is atta(hed to ((iti3enshi") and ente the land of anothe (ounty (town)
without e'ad fo the distan(e between them) *heefoe the "eson who is in his own
land is not Musaafi) *he fame who is a numbe of miles away fom the town his
land is atta(hed to is not a Musaafi (ta+elle)) 5e will not be (onsideed a Musaafi
unless he lea+es his (ounty (town@) and the lands of his (ounty (town@) and then
he will be allowed to make Iftaa whethe it is with food# dink o se.ual inte(ouse)
As fo Ashaab A-$ai (the "eo"le of o"inion E Ia,i:2oofi s(holas)# Imaams Maalik#
Ash-Shaafi and othe than them who +iewed that the esident on(e he has made his
intention (annot not then make Iftaa in his ta+els and must emain fastin' a'uin'
that As-Sawm is Ibaadah whi(h diffes in es"e(t to the esident and ta+elle) If they
(ome to'ethe (the states of esiden(y and ta+el) then the state of esiden(y takes
"e(eden(e like in the Salaah) Ash-Shaafi said/ ?hoe+e be(omes a ta+elle fom
his state of esiden(y (in a town) then he does not make Iftaa e.(e"t if the 5adeeth
of the 9o"het (saw) makin' Iftaa on the day of Al-2adeed is affimed) I will es"ond
to this +iew with the followin' wods/
Fistly/ *he 5adeeth about the Messen'e of Allah (saw) beakin' his fast at Al-
2adeed had been affimed and has been e"oted by Ad-&aaam# Muslim and othe
than them as mentioned in the se(tion entitled *he e+iden(es of those that say
makin' Iftaa is obli'atoy in ta+el unde numbe 4) *his is in addition to what
Muslim and othes (olle(ted (on(enin' the beakin' of his (saw) fast in 2uaa Al-
Ghameem mentioned in numbe 4) Muslim naated (4=DB) fom Ibn Abbaas (a) who
said/ LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) ta+elled in $amadhaan# he fasted until he
ea(hed Usfaan and then (alled fo a (ontaine of somethin' to dink) 5e then dank
o"enly so that the "eo"le would see (take noti(e) and he (ontinued in his beakin' of
fast until he ea(hed Makkah)))NN) *hese thee Ahaadeeth ae all +eified and not -ust
one so it is ne(essay fo the followes of Ash-Shaafi to 'i+e u" thei o"inion on this
issue)
Se(ondly/ As fo as-Sawm bein' Ibaadah whi(h diffes in es"e(t to the esident and
ta+elle and if they (ome to'ethe then the esident dominates as it does in the
Salaah) I find this +iew to be +ey stan'e and it does not e,uie a es"onse e.(e"t
to say that the ule of any (ommand is that it emains and (ontinues unless thee is
found an e.(use:eason whi(h allows its lea+in' at whi(h time the 5ukm (eases to
a""ly) *his is without any e'ad fo whethe the e.(use is bou'ht fowad o
delayed o if thee is a (lash with the oi'inal ule and one "e+ails in this (lashCC *he
oi'in a((odin' to this "in(i"le is of the ob+ious mattes)
So I say that if the esident has made the intention to fast then he must do so and if
(late) he entes u"on the e.(use of ta+ellin' then the obli'ation of fastin' is sto""ed
and he (an a(t u"on the Udh (e.(use)) If this was not the (ase then thee would be
no +alue in the e.isten(e of the Udh (e.(use) o any othe e.(uses in any othe
issueCC And may Allah (swt) fo'i+e us all)

Part 4
The Qadaa of Fasting:
Firstly: The Qadaa of fasting for yourself
a) The Qadaa of the obligatory fast:
*his elates to and in(ludes the si(k# ta+elle# menstuatin' and (hild bith
bleedin' woman# the one who +omits intentionally# the one who beaks his
fast ealy thinkin' won'ly that the time had ai+ed# the one who lost his
mind# (ons(iousness but awoke fom the state in the day time of $amadhaan#
the "e'nant and beast feedin' woman if they fea fo themsel+es o (hild#
the boy and the disbelie+e if they be(ome Mukallif (le'ally es"onsible) in the
day of $amadhaan)
1) The Qadaa of fasting for the Mareed (sick) and Musaafir (traveller):
It is obli'atoy u"on the si(k "eson and ta+elle to make 1adaa fo what he
has missed of the obli'atoy fastin') *his is a 5ukm (ulin') that is a'eed
u"on and no Fa,eeh has o""osed it) Its e+iden(e is the s"ee(h of Allah (swt)/
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% you who belie+eC %bse+in' As-Saum (the fastin') is "es(ibed fo you as
it was "es(ibed fo those befoe you# that you may be(ome Al-Mutta,\n
(0B6) U%bse+in' Saum (fasts)V fo a fi.ed numbe of days# but if any of you is
ill o on a -ouney# the same numbe (should be made u") fom othe days)
And as fo those who (an fast with diffi(ulty they ha+e (a (hoi(e eithe to fast
o) to feed a Misk]n ("oo "eson) (fo e+ey day)) <ut whoe+e does 'ood of
his own a((od# it is bette fo him) And that you fast# is bette fo you if only
you know) (0B7)
(Al-<a,aah 0B6-0B7)
5is (swt) statement/ S)))if any of you is ill o on a -ouney# the same numbe
(should be made u") fom othe days)))T means that the si(k o ta+ellin'
"eson must make u" fo fasts that ae missed in othe days (i)e) afte
$amadhaan)) ?e ha+e "e+iously hi'hli'hted whee a diffeen(e of o"inion
has aisen amon'st the Ulamaa in the *afsee of this "at of the Ayah) *his
was mentioned in the se(tion !+iden(es of those that say it is obli'atoy to
make Iftaa when ta+ellin' and in the (ha"te Fastin' whilst ta+ellin')
2) The Qadaa for the aa!id ("enstruating #o"an) and $ufasaa (child birth
bleeding #o"an):
It is obli'atoy fo these two (ate'oies to make 1adaa fo the fasts that they
missed duin' the "eiod of thei bleedin' and this is a 5ukm whi(h is a'eed
u"on with no diffeen(es amon'st the Fu,ahaa) Ibn 1udaamah said in Al-
Mu'hni *he "eo"le of knowled'e ha+e a'eed that fastin' is not 5alaal fo
the 5aaid o 8ufasaa and that they make Iftaa in $amadhaan and then
(late) make 1adaa fo what they missed) If they did fast (in thei state) they
would not be ewaded fo it) *hese ae the e+iden(es fo this issue/
a) Muaadh said/
I asked Aaisha (a)/ ?hat is behind the woman ha+in' to make 1adaa fo
he fastin' but not he Salaah ("ayes)@ She asked/ Ae you fom
amon'st the 5auuiyah@ I e"lied/ I am not fom them but was only
askin') She said/ ?e wee affli(ted by it (bleedin') so we wee odeed to
make u" the fastin' but not the "ayes)
Muslim (>=6)# Al-<ukhaai# Abu &aawud# An-8asaai and At-*imidhi) *his
e+iden(e has been dis(ussed in the se(tion *he fastin' of the 5aaid and
8ufasaa in the (ha"te *he fastin' of $amadhaan E Its 'eneal ules)
b) Aaisha (a) said/
?e used to menstuate whilst we wee with the 9o"het (saw) so he
odeed us to make 1adaa fo the fasts (that we missed))
Ibn Maa-ah (0=>D)) An-8asaai (460B) mentioned the followin' laf3h
(wodin')/
?e menstuated at the time of the 9o"het (saw) and would then "uify
ousel+es) So he (saw) odeed us to make u" (,adaa) fo ou missed
fasts but not fo ou missed "ayes)
A'ain this e+iden(e has been "e+iously dis(ussed in the se(tion *he
fastin' of the 5aaid and 8ufasaa in the (ha"te *he fastin' of
$amadhaan E Its 'eneal ules)
%) The Qadaa for the one #ho vo"ited intentionally:
Ibn ul-Mundhi said/ A (onsensus has o((ued (on(enin' the in+alidity
(ne'ation) of a fast due to intentional +omitin') 5owe+e it has been e"oted
fom Ibn <attaal fom Ibn Abbaas and Ibn Masood (ah) that/ It does not
beak the fast at all and this is one of the two +iews attibuted to the "eo"le of
Imaam Maalik) Ibn ul-Mundhi also e"oted a (onsensus (of Ulamaa)
(on(enin' the ne'ation of 1adaa fo the one who was si(k unintentionally
with the e.(e"tion of one o"inion attibuted to Al-5asan al-<asi) 5e said/ It
has been said that Ibn Uma# Iaid bin A,am# Al,amah# A3-Iuhi# Maalik#
Ahmad# Isha, and Ashaab A-$ai +iewed that/ *hee is no 2afaaah on it but
only 1adaa) *his has also been e"oted to be the o"inion of Abu 5aneefah
and Imaam Ash-Shaafi) Ash-Shaafi said/ ?hoe+e +omits whilst fastin' then
he must (waa-ib) make 1adaa and whoe+e unintentionally does so is not
e,uied to make 1adaa) And this is what 8aafi and Ibn Uma told us) (Al-
<ayha,i 40H:7)) 5e then mentioned the 5adeeth/ ?hoe+e is o+e(ome by
+omitin' then thee is no 1adaa u"on him and whoe+e delibeately +omits
must make 1adaa) Ataa and Abu *haw said/ *he one who delibeately
+omits must make 1adaa and 2afaaah (e."iation))
*he (oe(t +iew is that if someone is o+e(ome a'ainst his will by +omitin'
then his fast is (oe(t and 1adaa is not e,uied fom him) 5owe+e the
"eson who has been si(k on "u"ose then he has boken his fast by that
a(tion and 1adaa is obli'atoy on him) ?hat was e"oted fom Ibn Abbaas
Ibn Masood that the one who +omits with o without his will does not make
Iftaa (i)e) beak his fast) then this is in(oe(t as the followin' e+iden(es will
indi(ate) *he followin' te.ts do not tie anythin' to the one who delibeately
+omits e.(e"t the makin' of 1adaa and with that the +iew of Ataaa and Abu
*haw whi(h obli'es 2afaaah (e."iation) in addition to the 1adaa is also
in(oe(t)
*he followin' ae the e+iden(es/
a) Madaan bin *alhah said/
LLAbu &adaa told him that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) was si(k and
then boke his fast (Aftaa)) (Late) I met the *hawbaan the Mawla
(se+ant) of the Messen'e of Allah (saw) in the &amas(us Mas-id and I
said to him/ Ab &adaa told me that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) was
si(k and then made Iftaa) 5e e"lied/ 5e told the tuth and I was the one
who "oued the wate fo his (saw)s ?uduuNN)
Abu &aawud (46B0)# Ahmad# An-8asaai Ad-&aaami# At-*imidhi and Ibn
5ibbaan) Ibn Munid said/ Its (hain is Saheeh and Mutassal ((onne(t)) At-
*imidhi and Ahmad said/ *his is the most Saheeh naation in this
(ha"te (sub-e(t aea))
b) 2haalid ibn Madaan said that Abu &adaa said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) made himself si(k so he boke his fast
and then wate was bou'ht fo him to make ?uduuNN)
Abd u-$a33aa, (>;7B)# An-8asaai# Ahmad and its (hain is Saheeh)
() Abu 5uaiah (a) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LL?hoe+e is o+e(ome by si(kness when he is fastin' is not obli'ed with
1adaa but if it is intentional then he must make it u"NN)
Abu &aawud (46BD)# Ad-&aaami# An-8asaai# ibn Maa-ah# Ahmad# Al-
<ayha,i and Al-5aakim) Adh-&hahabi +eified it as Saheeh) At-*imidhi
said/ It Is 5asan Ghaeeb) Al-<ukhaai and Ahmad said it was weak) At-
*imidhi said/ )))*he "eo"le of knowled'e who wok with this hadeeth say
that the one who +omits unintentionally is not e,uied to make 1adaa
whilst the one who delibeately +omits must do so) *his is the +iew of Ash-
Shaafi# Sufyaan Ath-*hawi# Ahmad and Isha,)
*he fist hadeeth (5e was si(k and then made Iftaa) is e."lained by the
se(ond 5adeeth (*he messen'e of Allah (saw) was delibeately si(k so he
boke his fast)) *hee is no moe (oe(t way of e."lainin' a hadeeth othe
than with anothe hadeeth that e."lains its meanin') So si(k (,i) in the fist
hadeeth means (Isti,aa) bein' si(k intentionally) *hese two hadeeth theefoe
indi(ate that whoe+e is delibeately si(k has indeed boken his fast so they
mean that 1adaa is a (onfimed ne(essity) *he thid hadeeth +eifies this ule
when it says/ (If he delibeately +omits then he must make 1adaa) as well as
the 5adeeth of Ibn Uma whi(h we e(ently mentioned (?hoe+e makes
himself si(k must make 1adaa)) *he (lassifyin' of this 5adeeth as bein'
weak by Al-<ukhaai and Ahmad does not "e+ent its use as an e+iden(e
be(ause fistly othes (Muhaddithoon) ha+e +eified it as sound and se(ondly
be(ause its meanin' (onfoms to that of the othe Ahaadeeth whi(h ae moe
sound than it) *hidly# this hadeeth einfo(es and su""ots the hadeeth of Ibn
Uma and as su(h fom all thee "oints the dis"ute o+e its soundness does
not "ose any "oblems) In (on(lusion# the one who +omits intentionally must
(waa-ib) make 1adaa but not 2affaaah as the e+iden(es ha+e only "ointed to
the obli'ation of 1adaa without mentionin' 2affaaah)
7) *he 1adaa of fastin' fo the one who made Iftaa thinkin' (won'ly) that the
sun had aleady 'one down/
Mu-aahid bin Jab# Al-5asan Al-<asi# Isha, ibn $aahuuwiyah# Ibn
2hu3aimah and Ahmad bin 5anbal in a e"ot held the +iew that 1adaa is not
e,uied fom the one who beaks his fast ealy befoe the sun has
des(ended thinkin' that it aleady had done) *o su""ot this they use the
e+iden(e e"oted by Iaid bin ?ahb who said/
LL*he "ots wee bein' taken out of the house of 5afsah and the sky was
(loudy so they thou'ht the sun had des(ended and made Iftaa) ?hen the
(louds (leaed they saw the sun shinin' so Uma said/ ?e did not in(line
towads sinNN) Ibn Shaibah (77D-770:4)# Abd u-$a33aa, and Al-<ayha,i) In
a +esion fom Abd u-$a33aa, (>6H;)/
LL))))they said/ we shall make u" fo this day so Uma e"lied/ And why@
<e(ause by Allah we did not in(line towads sin (i)e) we did not do it
delibeately)NN)
*he ma-oity howe+e ha+e obli'ed the makin' of 1adaa and Ibn 5a- said/ If
the 5ilaal of $amadhaan is obs(ued and the "eo"le do not fast and then
they ealise aftewads that it was $amadhaan then 1adaa is obli'atoy with
a'eement so in this holds also in this (ase (i)e) someone who mistakenly
beaks his fast)) *hey used the followin' e+iden(es to su""ot thei +iew/
a) Faatimah said that Asmaa bint Abi <ak said/
LL?e boke ou fast in the days of the "o"het (saw) in a (loudy and then
the sun a""eaed) It was said to 5isham/ ?ee they odeed to make
1adaa@ 5e e"lied/ 1adaa is ine+itable and Mama said/ I head 5isham
sayin'/ I dont know whethe they made 1adaa o notNN)
Al-<ukhaai (0H;H)# Abu &aawud# Ahmad and Al-<ayha,i) Ibn Maa-ah
naated (0=>4) ()))thee is no es(a"in' fom it))) (the ,adaa)))
b) <ish <in 1ais said about Uma ibn Al-2hattaab (a)/
LLI was at his house to eat and it was a (loudy day) It was thou'ht that
the sun had 'one down so Uma dank and 'a+e me somethin' to dink)
*hey then saw it (the suns ays) on the foot of the mountain so Uma
said/ So be it) <y Allah we will make 1adaa fo it on anothe dayNN) Al-
<ayha,i (40>:7)) Imaam Ash-Shaafi in his book Al-Umm (H=:4) e"oted
fom 2haalid bin Aslama that Uma said/ the issue is of ease)) Imaam
Maalik (4;=:0) naated it and added/ (?e made I-tihaad)) Abdu -
$a33aa, (>6H4) added/ (?e will make 1adaa fo a day)) In anothe
naation e(oded by Abd u-$a33aa, (>6H7) fom <ish bin 1ais/ (Uma
said/ Fontinue you fast fo this day and then make 1adaa fo it anothe
day))
*he (oe(t +iew is that of the ma-oity be(ause the e"ot in (a) (*hee is no
,uestion about makin' 1adaa) is a (lea e+iden(e that they had been
odeed to make 1adaa) As fo the statement of Mama that/ (he head
5isham sayin'/ I dont know whethe they made 1adaa fo that day o not@) it
does not ne'ate o (an(el the fist "at) *his is be(ause the fist "o+ides
Ithbaat ((onfimation) and the se(ond "o+ides Shakk (doubt) and the Ithbaat
always dominates o+e the doubt) 5isham e"oted that they wee odeed to
make 1adaa and this is the 5ukm that we wee lookin' fo and if a statement
(omes afte that sayin' that he did not know whethe o not they did make
1adaa then this does not ne'ate (affe(t) the hukm) *his is be(ause the
"eo"les a(tin' o la(k of a(tion on a ulin' does not affe(t the establishin' of
that 5ukm) !stablishin' a 5ukm is one thin' and the "eo"les a(tin'
a((odin' to it is anothe thin' alto'ethe) *he e"ot in (b) emo+es any
obs(uity if any doubts emain when Uma (aD said/ (<y Allah we will make
u" fo it fom anothe day) and his statement/ (Fom"lete the fastin' of this
day and then make 1adaa fo it (anothe day))) *his Mantoo, (te.tual
meanin') is ,atai (definite) in meanin') So 1adaa is established fom the
statement of Uma and he said this in font of the Sahaabah and it is not
known of any who diffeed to this +iew)
As fo the Atha (e"ot) of Iaid bin ?ahb naated by Ibn Abi Shaibah# Abd
u-$a33aa, and Al-<ayha,i who undestood fom it that 1adaa was not
ne(essay then Al-<ayha,i (ommented on this naation by sayin'/ (Aa,oob
bin Sufyaan Al-Faaisi bin's a diffeen(e with Iaid bin ?ahb in this naation
in elation to "e(edin' naations) Iaid is tustwothy but a mistake o((uin'
fom him is not (etain)) In li'ht of this and the established e+iden(es whi(h
(ontadi(t it and affim the makin' of 1adaa# it (an be said that this e"ot
should be left (outwei'hed))
&) The Qadaa of the Ma'noon or the one #ho has lost consciousness but
then regains his senses or "ind in the dayti"e of (a"adhaan
If the Ma-noon o the one who has "assed out and he failed to wake at ni'ht
and make his intention and then wok u" in the dayO then he must fast the
emainde of the day and make ,adaa fo it late) *his issue was dis(ussed in
the se(tion (*hee is no fastin' on the Ma-noon and the one who has lost
(ons(iousness) in the (ha"te (Fastin' of $amadhaan E Its 'eneal $ules))
)) The Qadaa of the *regnant and breastfeeding #o"an if they "ake +ftaar
(abstain fro" fasting):
*his issue has been (o+eed in the se(tion (*he fastin' of a "e'nant and
<eastfeedin' woman) in the (ha"te (Fastin' of $amadhaan E Its 'eneal
$ules))
,) The Qadaa of the boy-girl or disbeliever if they beco"e Mukallif (legally
res*onsible) in the day.ti"e of (a"adhaan:
If a Sabi ((hild) ea(hes matuity in the daytime of $amadhaan o a
disbelie+e be(omes a Muslim they at this time ente the s"hee of the
Mukallifeen (le'ally es"onsible "eo"le)) Imsaak (efainin' fom eatin'#
dinkin'# inte(ouse))) et() be(omes obli'atoy fom the time that this o((us
and 1adaa is made fo that day) *his is the o"inion of Abu 5aneefah# Ath-
*hawi# Al-Aw3aai# Al-5asan bin Saalih and Al-Anbai) *hee is not a s"e(ifi(
e+iden(e in this issue so we etun to the 'eneal e+iden(es) *he 'eneal
e+iden(es sti"ulate that the boy:'il be(omes le'ally es"onsible on(e they
ae <aali'h (matue) and likewise the &isbelie+e who emba(es Islaam
be(omes Mukallif at that time and be(ause the Sawm (fastin') is "at of that
*akleef then it be(omes obli'atoy u"on them to "efom the +ey moment
that thei situation (han'ed) <e(ause the 8iyah is a Shat ((ondition) of
fastin' and is ne(essay fo the a((e"tan(e of the Sawm then as they wee
unable to do that due to them be(ome Mukallifeen in the daytime then it
be(omes obli'atoy fo them to make this day u")
*he abo+e e"esents the ele+en (ate'oies of "eson that ae e,uied to
make u" thei obli'atoy fasts)
(b) The Qadaa of the non.obligatory fasts:
Abu 5aneefah holds that the Saaim must (ontinue the e(ommended fast to
(om"letion and is not allowed to (ut it shot e.(e"t with a (le'al) e.(use) If he
beaks his fast with a (le'itimate) eason then he must make 1adaa but is not
sinful and if he beaks his e(ommended fast without eason then he must
make 1adaa and is sinful) At-*imidhi s"oke of a 'ou" of the Sahaabah
e'aded it obli'atoy to make 1adaa if the fast is boken and this is the +iew
of Maalik bin Anas and anothe naation is e"oted fom Maalik that states/
*hee is no 1adaa if the Iftaa was made fo a le'itimate eason:e.(use)
Sufyaan Ath-*hawi# Ash-Shaafi# Ahmad# Isha, ibn $aahuuyia and the
ma-oity of the "eo"le of knowled'e held the o"inion that beakin' the
e(ommended fast is "emissible es"e(ially when bein' in+ited to eat with
someone and they +iewed the 1adaa as bein' Mustahabb (e(ommended)
*his has also been e"oted to be the +iew of Uma Ibn Al-2hattaab# Ali bin
Abi *aalib# Abdullah ibn Masood# Abdullah ibn Uma# Abdullah ibn Abbaas
and Jaabi bin Iaid# may Allahs "leasue be on them and all of the Sahaabah
as a whole)
*hose who said that the 1adaa was obli'atoy in the e(ommended fasts
elied u"on the followin' e+iden(e/
a) Aaisha (ah) said/
LL5afsah and I wee fastin') ?e wee "esented with food and we desied to
eat it so we did so and then the 9o"het (saw) (ame) 5afsah then beat me to
him and she was the dau'hte of he fathe and said/ % Messen'e of Allah
we wee fastin' today and then food was "esented to" us# we desied it and
ate so he (saw) said/ Make 1adaa fo it fom anothe dayNN)
Ahmad (4=>H>)# Abu &aawud# An-8asaai# At-*imidhi# Maalik and At-
*ahaawi) Ibn 5ibbaan (6;0>) e(oded a +esion L)))5afsah and I wee
fastin' a e(ommended fast and we wee 'i+en food as a 'ift so we boke ou
fasts) *he Messen'e (saw) told us to fast anothe day to make u" fo that
dayNN) In anothe naation fom Ahmad (4;=D>) it was said/ LL)))e.(han'e a
day in "la(e of the one missedNN)
b) Abu Saeed (a) said/
LLI "e"aed food fo the Messen'e of Allah (saw)) 5e (ame with his
(om"anions and when I "la(ed the food down one of the "eo"le said/ I am
fastin' so the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/ Aou bothe has in+ited you
and made effot fo you and then said/ <eak you fast# and fast anothe day
in its "la(e if you wishNN)
Al-<ayha,i (4>H:7)# At-*abaaani in al-Mu-am al-Awsat# Ad-&aaa,utni and
Abu &aawud At-*ayaalissy with a (hain that Ibn 5a-a +eified as 5asan)
() Allah (swt) said/
`

9' W M

Q"m

' 5

Q"m

!R 6

% you who belie+e obey Allah and obey the messen'e and do not ende
you a(tions in+alid
(Suah Mohammad/ 66)
*hose who +iewed the makin' of 1adaa fo a e(ommended fast as
e(ommended (Mustahabb) elied on the followin' e+iden(es/
a) Umm 5aani (a) said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) dank a dink and he took it so that she
(ould dink) She said/ I am fastin' but I dislike tunin' away the emainde of
you dink) So he (saw) said/ If the fast was fom $amadhaan then make
1adaa fo it fom anothe day and if it was a e(ommended fast then if you
wish make 1adaa fo it and if you wish do not make 1adaa fo itNN)
Ahmad (4>77H)# Ad-&aaami# An-8asaai# At-*imidhi# Al-<ayha,i and Ad-
&aaa,utni) At-*imidhi said/ *hee is a Ma,aal in the Isnaad of the 5adeeth
of Umm 5aani) In anothe $iwaayah fom At-*imidhi (>4B) the followin'
Laf3h is used/ LL)))So the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/ *he one who is
fastin' a e(ommended fast then he is es"onsible (in (ha'e of) fo himselfO if
he wishes he (an fast o not fastNN
b) *he 5adeeth of Abu Saeed mentioned abo+e su""otin' the +iew of those
who (laim the obli'ation of 1adaa/ (<eak you fast and fast in its "la(e
anothe day if you wish))
<y e.aminin' the abo+e e+iden(es we find the followin'/
*he hadeeth of Aaisha (a) naated by Imaam Ahmad and othes and says/
(Make u" anothe day) has been (lassified as &aeef by Al-<ukhaai# An-8asaai
and Ahmad) Al-2hallaal (lassified it as weak and said/ *he 5uffaa3h (s(holas of
hadeeth) ha+e (on+eyed that the 5adeeth of Aaisha is weak) At-timidhi said/
()))It has been naated fom Ibn Juai- that he said/ I asked A3-Iuhi sayin'/ &id
Uwah naate to you fom Aaisha@ 5e e"lied/ I did not hea anythin' fom
Uwah) I did howe+e hea in the 2hilafah of Suleyman ibn Abd ul-Maalik fom
"eo"le that some of them had ,uestioned Aaisha about this hadeethNN) *he
5adeeth is Mun,atii and is not suitable to be used as a "oof and is theefoe
left)
As fo the hadeeth of Umm 5aani naated by Ahmad amon'st othes whi(h
says/ (And if it was a e(ommended fast then you make 1adaa if you wish o
dont make 1adaa if you wish) it is also weak and is not suitable as a "oof) In the
(hain (isnaad) is Simaak bin 5ab and the Muhadditheen ha+e (lassified him as
weak in addition to the one naatin' die(tly fom Umm 5aani is unknown)
%netime he is (alled 5aoon bin ibn Umm 5aani and anothe time he (alled
5aoon Ibn <int Umm 5aani and 5aoon is unknown) Ibn ul-1itaan said/ 5e is
not known and Al-5aafi3h Ibn 5a-a said in At-*a,eeb said/ 5e is unknown) *his
hadeeth is theefoe also abandoned)
As fo the noble Ayah/ LL)))And do not ende you a(tions in+alidNN it is 'eneal
(Aam) and is not elated to fastin') *he Aam is woked with as lon' as it is not
s"e(ified and in that (ase the s"e(ifi(ation will be (aied fowad) In this issue
the Saaim has been "emitted to beak his e(ommended fast as found in the
hadeeth of Abu Saeed and many othe Saheeh Ahaadeeth) *his is s"e(ifi( to
fastin' and must theefoe be im"lemented o+e the 'eneal meanin' of the
Ayah) I do not feel the need to mention all of the 5adeeth and find it suffi(ient to
mention one saheeh hadeeth) It is what has been elated fom Aaisha Umm Al-
Mumineen (a) who said/ *he 9o"het (saw) enteed u"on us one day and said/
&o you ha+e anythin' (to eat:dink)@ ?e e"lied in the ne'ati+e so he (saw) said/
In that (ase I am fastin') 5e (ame to us on anothe day and we said/ %
Messen'e of Allah we ha+e been 'ifted 5ais (milk# fat date mi.tue)) 5e asked
fo it to be shown and said/ Indeed I stated this day fastin' and then he ate (i)e)
he boke his fast)) Muslim (4>0;)# Abu &aawud# An-8asaai# At-*imidhi and Ibn
Maa-ah)
Many Ahaadeeth ha+e been e"oted su""otin' the +iew of the "emissibility of
beakin' the e(ommended fast and they ha+e (ome with ou mentionin' an
e.(use:eason (Udh)) It is theefoe not allowed in li'ht of these Ahaadeeth fo
anyone to fobid the beakin' of the non-obli'atoy fasts o to esti(t it with an
Udh (e.(use)) *heefoe the statement of Abu 5aneefah (It is obli'atoy fo the
one fastin' the e(ommended fast to (ommit himself to it and not to beak it
e.(e"t with an e.(use) is in(oe(t and efuted by the Saheeh te.ts)
As fo makin' 1adaa fo a e(ommended fast that was boken then this is not
waa-ib and thee is no Saheeh o 5asan e+iden(e that (ommands it in an
obli'in' manne) Its ulin' is theefoe the same as the oi'inal ulin' of the
e(ommended fast itself) *he hukm of the e.ta fastin' is Mandoob
(e(ommended) and theefoe the 1adaa of this fast takes its ulin' whi(h id
8adb (e(ommendation)) So the statement of the Messen'e of Allah (saw) in the
5adeeth of Abu Saeed (<eak you fast and make u" fo it on anothe day if you
wish) indi(ates the "emission to beak the fast and that the 1adaa is based on
the will of the one who boke it and neithe of these indi(ates an obli'ation o
(ommitment) Also the statement of Maalik e(oded in anothe e"ot/ (*hee is
no 1adaa on it if the Iftaa was done based on a (le'al) Udh (e.(use)) has no
-ustifi(ation o e+iden(e to su""ot it) *heefoe only emains the o"inion of
Sufyaan Ath-*hawi# Ash-Shaafi# Ahmad and those who a'eed with them that it
is "emissible to (ut the non-obli'atoy fast and the makin' of 1adaa fo it is
e(ommended) *his is the sound o"inion whi(h the e+iden(es indi(ate to)
/econdly: Making Qadaa for the fasts of those #ho have *assed a#ay:
*aawoos# Al-5asan Al-<asi# A3-Iuhi# 1ataadah# Abu *haw# Ibn 5a3m and An-
8awawi held that it is e(ommended (Mustahabb) fo the ?ali of the dead to fast
on thei behalf) Al-Laith bin Sad# Isha, and Abu Ubaid limited this a""li(ation to
the fast of An-8adh (+ow) only) Abu 5aneefah# Maalik and the ma-oity held that
thee is no fastin' on behalf of the dead# not fo An-8adh o any othe fast) Ibn
ul-Mundhi e"oted this to also be the +iew of Aaisha# Ibn Uma and Ibn Abbaas
(ah) and this e"ot was fom Al-5asan and A3-Iuhi)
An-8awawi said/ (*he "eo"le of knowled'e ha+e diffeed in thisO some ha+e said
that you fast on behalf of the dead like Ahmad and Isha,) *hey say/ If the dead
has a fast linked to a 8adh (+ow) then it (an be fasted on his behalf and if the
fast is fom $amadhaan then you (an feed fo it) Maalik# Sufyaan and Ash-Shaafi
said/ 8obody (an fast on somebody elses behalf))
In ode to a""oa(h the (oe(t o"inion we will mention the e+iden(es whi(h ae
elated to this issue and then we will "o(eed with the "o(ess of Istinbaat
(dedu(tion and e.ta(tion of the 5ukm)/
0) Aaisha (ah) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LL?hoe+e dies and still has fasts (to (om"lete) then his ?ali fasts on his
behalf)
Al-<ukhaai (0H;4)# Muslim# Abu &aawud# An-8asaai# Ahmad and Ibn
5ibbaan) Al-<a33aa (0D46) naated it with the addition/ If he wishes)
4) Ibn Abbaas (a) said/
LLA man a""oa(hed the 9o"het of Allah (saw) and said/ % Messen'e of
Allah my mothe died and she had a month of fastin' emainin' so shall I
make 1adaa on he behalf@ 5e e"lied/ Aes# be(ause a debt to Allah has a
i'ht to be made u")))NN
Al-<ukhaai (0H;6)# Muslim# Ahmad# Abu &aawud and Al-<ayha,i) Al-
<ukhaai naated this hadeeth in a numbe of diffeent e"ots and in one of
them the followin' was said/
LLA woman said to the 9o"het (saw)/ Meily my mothe died and she still had
(on he ne(k) the fastin' of 8adh))))
6) <uaidah (a) said/
LL?hen I was sittin' with the Messen'e of Allah (saw) a woman a""oa(hed
and said/ I had 'ifted to my mothe a maid-se+ant# and now she (the mothe)
has died) *heeu"on he (the 5oly 9o"het) said/ *hee is a definite ewad fo
you and she (the maid-se+ant) has been etuned to you as an inheitan(e)
She (that woman) a'ain said/ Fasts of a month (of $amadan) ae due u"on
heO should I obse+e them on he behalf@ 5e (the 5oly 9o"het) said/
%bse+e fasts on he behalf) She (a'ain) said/ She did not "efom 5a--#
should I "efom it on he behalf@ 5e Said/ Make 5a-- on he behalfNN)
Muslim (4=H>)# Abu &aawud# At-*imidhi and Ahmad)
7) Ibn Abbaas (a) said/
LLA woman -ouneyed on the sea and made an oath that if Allah Sa+ed he
that she would fast fo a month) Allah sa+ed he and did not fast that month
befoe she died) 5e dau'hte o siste (ame to the Messen'e of Allah (saw)
and he e,uested fom he to fast on he behalfNN)
Abu &aawud (66DB)# An-8asaai# Ahmad# Abu &aawud At-*ayaalissy and Ibn
2hu3aimah with a diffeen(e in the wodin')
;) Jaabi ibn Abdullah (a) said/
LLA woman a""oa(hed the Messen'e of Allah (saw) and said/ My mothe
has "assed away and she still had fastin' of 8adh emainin' and died befoe
she (ould make them u"@ *he Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/ Let he ?ali
fast on he behalfNN)
Ibn Maa-ah (4066) with a (hain that in(ludes Abdullah ibn Lahiah who is
&aeef) It is said that he is a "eson who adds (e.a''eates)) Some othe
Muhadditheen ha+e howe+e enteed his hadeeth in the (ate'oy of 5asan)
=) Ibn Abbaas (a) said/
LL5e woman (ame to the 9o"het (saw) and said/ My siste has died and she
had two (onse(uti+e months of fastin' obli'ed u"on he) 5e (saw) said/ If
you siste had a debt would you fulfil it fo he@ She e"lied/ Aes so 5e (saw)
e"lied/ ?ell the 5a,, (i'ht) of Allah is 'eate and has moe i'htNN)
At-*imidhi (>04) and said that the hadeeth of Ibn Abbaas is 5asan Saheeh)
Also naated by An-8asaai# Ibn Maa-ah# Ahmad# Ibn 5ibbaan# Ad-
&aaa,utni and Ibn 2hu3aimah)

*he 5adeeth in (;) is weak a((odin' to some and 5asan a((odin' to othes whi(h
is not im"otant be(ause the othe hadeeth ae suffi(ient without it) *he fist
5adeeth fom Aaisha (a) and the se(ond fom Ibn Abbaas (a) ae both of the
hi'hest le+el of bein' Saheeh a'eed u"on by Al-<ukhaai and Muslim and what
these two Shaikhs a'ee u"on holds no doubt (tanslatos note/ e."ession of
sten'th does not mean they ae 1ati)) *he fist states/ ?hoe+e dies lea+in' fasts
then his ?ali fasts on his behalf and the se(ond Aes be(ause the debt to Allah has
moe i'ht to be made u" fo)
*he fist 5adeeth is 'eneal fo e+ey fast and the se(ond hadeeth (ame 'eneal in
one +esion and linked to 8adh in anothe e"ot so we say it (ame linked to An-
8adh) *he thid saheeh hadeeth in(luded the (ommand to fast fo the dead/ (5e
(saw) said/ Fast on he behalf) and this (ame 'eneally to fastin' and it is not (oe(t
to esti(t it to 8adh) I ha+e followed u" the e"ots of this hadeeth in the maion
books of hadeeth and ha+e not found any indi(ation of a link to 8adh) *he 5adeeth
theefoe emains Aam ('eneal) like the fist hadeeth) *he fouth hadeeth is like the
se(ond and has (ome elated to the fast of 8adh (oaths:+ows) in a (lea way) *he
si. hadeeth has (ome s"e(ifi(ally elated to 2affaaaat (e."iations) )))and she was
obli'ed with two (onse(uti+e months))) *he statement (onse(uti+e is an
indi(ation:linka'e (,aeebah) that it is a fast of 2affaaah) *hee is howe+e a +ey
distant:weak "ossibility that it is talkin' about a fast of 8adh)
So the fist and thid hadeeth (ame in 'eneally elated to fastin'# the se(ond and
fouth wee s"e(ified to the fast of An-8adh and the si.th (ame s"e(ifi(ally fo
kaffaaaat with a "ossibility that it (ould also be linked to 8adh) *he fist and se(ond
(ame in a 'eneal wodin' fo the makin' 1adaa of fastin' whi(h in(ludes the fast of
$amadhaan whi(h is the most famous and distin'uished of fasts and thee is nothin'
that abo'ates o esti(ts these e+iden(es and theefoe emain in thei 'eneal
im"ot) *he se(ond and fouth ae esti(ted to An-8adh (oaths) i)e) the 1adaa of
the fast of An-8adh and thee is no abo'ation o anythin' that (han'es this and
theefoe emain esti(ted and s"e(ified as is hadeeth si. whi(h (an be -oined to
them)
?e theefoe say that if someone dies and he has obli'atoy fasts emainin' like
those of $amadhaan# o those elated to oaths o 2affaaaat then his:he ?ali (an
fast them on his:he behalf) *his has (ome in the ston'est of 5adeeths and thee is
no hadeeth of the le+el of Saheeh o 5asan that disa'ees with them so the hadeeth
must be taken and a(ted u"on) It is not allowed to 'o a'ainst it unde any "ete.t o
e.(use so thee is no weak hadeeth# statement fom the Sahaabah o I-tihaad fom
the Fu,ahaa that (an abo'ate (e"la(e) this solid 5ukm Shai unde any
(i(umstan(es) *heefoe what some Fu,ahaa ha+e elied u"on in tems of the
followin' te.ts and e"ots whi(h o""ose this ulin' ae <aatil (in+alid) and the
I-tihaad on (lea te.t is not allowed) *he followin' ae the e+iden(es whi(h they ha+e
used to su""ot thei +iew/
a) Ibn Abbaas (a) said/
LLIf a man was ill duin' $amadhaan and the dies without fastin' the feed on
his behalf and thee is no 1adaa on him) If a 8adh emained obli'ed u"on
him then his ?ali (an make 1adaa on his behalfNN)
Abu &aawud (47D0)# Ad-&aaa,utni# Al-<ayha,i and Abd u-$a33aa,) Al-
<ukhaai left it) Abd ul-5a,, and Ibn 5a-a said/ *hee is nothin' elated
about feedin' that is sound# meanin' it is mafoo)
b) Ibn Abbaas (a) said/
LL8obody fasts on behalf of anothe but athe feeds (in its "la(e)NN) Al-
<ayha,i (4;>:7)) An-8asaai e"oted in As-Sunan Al-2ubaa (4H6D) the
followin' wodin'/
LL8obody "ays on behalf of anothe and nobody fasts fo anothe) $athe he
feeds on his (the dead "eson) behalf a "otion of wheat fo e+ey day
missedNN) A3-Ieelai said the e"ot is (Ghaeeb mafoo))
() Ubaadah bin 8usayy said that the 9o"het (saw) said/
LL?hoe+e is ill in $amadhaan and emains ill until he dies feedin' is not
done on his behalf) If he 'ets well and does not make 1adaa fo the missed
fasts befoe he dies then feedin' (an be done on his behalfNN)
Abdu -$a33aa, (>=6;)) In the (hain of naatos is 5u--aa- bin Ataa and he is
&aeef (weak) and also al-Aslami who has been (lassified as a 2adhdhaab
(lia) a((odin' to Ibn 5a3m)
d) It ea(hed Maalik that/
LLAbdullah ibn Uma was asked/ Fan someone fast on behalf of someone
else o "ay on someones behalf@ So he said/ 8o "eson fasts fo anothe o
"ays fo anotheNN)
Immam Maalik (4;=:0))
e) Ibn Abbaas (a) said/
LLIf somebody dies whilst ha+in' fasts still obli'ed on him and he does not
'et his health ba(k befoe his death then thee is nothin' obli'ed on him) If he
did e(o+e then feedin' (an be done on his behalf of half a Saa of wheat fo
e+ey day missedNN)
Ibn 5a3m (>:>) and he +eified it as Saheeh) Abdu -$a33aa, and Ad-
&aaa,utni also naated it)
f) Uma ibn Al-2hattaab said/
LLIf a man dies and he owes the fastin' of $amadhaan feedin' (an be done
on his behalf of half a Saaa of wheat fo e+ey day (missed)NN)
Abd u-$a33aa, (>=77) and Ibn 5a3m)
') Mymoon bin Mahaan said that Ibn Abbaas (a) said/
LLIt was asked about a man who died whilst the fastin' of $amadhaan and
additional month had been obli'ed u"on him@ So he said/ Feed on his behalf
fo $amadhaan and fast on his behalf fo the 8adh (the additional month)NN)
Ibn 5a3m (>:>) and he +eified it as saheeh)
h) Ibn Uma (a) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
?hoe+e dies and he has u"on him a month of fastin' then feed on his behalf
a Miskeen ("oo "eson) fo e+ey day missedNN)
Ibn Maa-ah (0>;>) and At-*imidhi said/ ?e do not know this 5adeeth
Mafooan (i)e) *he "o"het said o I head fom the "o"het )))) e.(e"t hee
(this e"ot) and the tuth is that Ibn Uma is Maw,oof (whee the hadeeth
sto"s))
As fo 5adeeth (() it is +ey &aeef so it is left) It is in(oe(t to say that (h) 'oes ba(k
to the 9o"het (saw) but athe it is the statement of Ibn Uma (a)) Afte this# thee is
no 9o"heti( hadeeth emainin' fom this seies of e"ots) *hey ae all no moe than
statements (o"inions) of the Sahaabah) It is well known that the A,waal (statements)
of the Sahaabah ae not (shaeeah) e+iden(es in addition to the fa(t that they (the
e"ots) (ontadi(t the Ahaadeeth of the 9o"het (saw) in this issue) So I say in this
e'ad/ Meily these e"ots (Aathaa) ae not suitable to stand u" a'ainst the noble
"o"heti( Ahaadeeth and ae theefoe abandoned fo this eason) 8one of these
e"ots wee (olle(ted by the two Shaikhs (Al-<ukhaai and Muslim) to'ethe o
indi+idually) *hey ae theefoe of a mu(h lowe le+el in tems of (hain (om"aed to
the 5adeeth we ha+e mentioned) Al-<ayha,i said/ *he Ahaadeeth (elated to this
issue) whi(h ae Mafooan (i)e) in(lude/ *he "o"het said o I head fom the
"o"het)))) ae ston'e in tems of Isnaad ((hain)# its "eo"le (naatos) ae bette
known and the kee"es of the Saheeh (Al-<ukhaai and Muslim) e(oded them) If
Imaam Ash-Shaafi ($ahimahullah) had a""oa(hed this issue with all of its as"e(ts#
details and manifestations then he would not ha+e 'one a'ainst it (the (oe(t +iew)
InshaAllah) Al-<ayha,i who e(oded the Atha of Ibn Abbaas added/ I ha+e noti(ed
that some of ou (om"anions (i)e) Muhadditheen) ha+e (lassified the 5adeeth of Ibn
Abbaas as &aeef)))Like this Atha thee is nothin' that stands a'ainst the Saheeh
Ahaadeeth that "onoun(e the fastin' on behalf of the dead) Ibn Abbaas (a) himself
naated Saheeh Ahaadeeth whi(h su""ot the makin' of 1adaa (4# 7 and =) then
how (an e"ots be attibuted to him that (ontadi(t them (a# b# e and ')@ Is it
"ossible fo a fai minded man to belie+e that Ibn Abbaas (a) made Fatawaa
(+edi(ts) whi(h o""osed the statements of the Messen'e of Allah (saw) whi(h he
himself naated@ As fo the Atha of Maalik (d) it is eithe Mun,ati (has a linka'e
missin') o Mudil (mysteious# "oblemati()) It says/ (It ea(hed me that Abdullah ibn
Uma was ,uestioned)))) and it does not mention the "eson o "eo"le who e"oted
to him the statement of Ibn Uma) *he 5adeeth is theefoe &aeef and (an not be
(oe(tly used as a "oof)
*he issue that emains fom these e"ots is that elated to feedin') Uma ibn Al-
2hattaab# his son and Ibn Abbaas (ah) ha+e all 'ot e"ots (omin' fom them that
in(lude the ulin' of feedin') Some Ulamaa +iewed that this +iew (an(elled and
ne'ated the 1adaa and this is not (oe(t at all) *he 1awl (+iew) of feedin' is found
in the te.t like the 1awl elated to 1adaa so they ae at the le+el of *akhyee
((hoi(e)) So -ust as it is allowed fo a ?ali to fast on behalf of his dead he is also
allowed to feed on his behalf instead of fastin') *hey ae both allowed and one does
not o""ose o (ontadi(t the othe) *his is ou +iew# we say that the ?ali fasts on
behalf of the dead and it is e(ommended fo him to do so o he (an feed (the "oo)
in the "la(e of makin' 1adaa) It is theefoe a (hoi(e between makin' 1adaa and
feedin' (the "oo)) *hee is nothin' in the statements of Uma# his son o Ibn
Abbaas (a) whi(h instu(t the feedin' that (ontadi(ts what has (ome in the 9o"het
Ahaadeeth that e,uest the makin' of 1adaa)
In (on(lusion to what we ha+e dis(ussed in this issue we say that the "eson who
dies and he has emainin' (as a debt u"on him) the fast of $amadhaan# An-8adh o
2affaaah then it is allowed fo his ?ali to fast on his behalf -ust as it is allowed fo
him to feed on his behalf) *heefoe the o"inion of Imaam Abu 5aneefah# Maalik and
the ma-oity that/ *hee is no fastin' on behalf of the dead fo the eason of 8adh o
any othe eason is an in(oe(t o"inion whi(h is (om"letely undone and efuted by
the Saheeh 9o"heti( Ahaadeeth that ha+e "emitted it)
I do not find it ne(essay to 'o into de"th in to the o"inion of those who ha+e
inte"eted the Ahaadeeth e'adin' 1adaa that/ *he intended meanin' is that the
?ali feeds on his behalf) *his taweel (inte"etation is e.temely weak and in fa(t it
is (om"letely in+alid to (ome u" with su(h an inte"etation)
As fo the (laims fom the Maalik s(holas that the Ahaadeeth about fastin' on behalf
of the dead (ontain (lashes then this is not (oe(t) $athe thee ae no (lashes and
it is "ossible to bin' to'ethe in undestandin' all of the "e(ei+ed diffeen(es)
Flashes in hadeeth is one thin' and diffeen(es is anothe thin' alto'ethe)
?hat emains is the statement of Al-Laith# Ahmad Isha, and Abu Ubaid whi(h
esti(ts the 1adaa of fastin' to that of An-8adh) So I say the followin'/ *he
"emission to make 1adaa fo the fast of An-8adh (oaths) is sound in the Saheeh
Ahaadeeth so it is a (oe(t +iew but limitin' the 1adaa to it alone is a mistake) *his
mistake (ame fom them by (ayin' o+e the 'eneal ahaadeeth about makin'
1adaa and "uttin' them in line with those that mentioned An-8adh whi(h lead them
to (ome out with thei o"inion)
*he (oe(t +iew is that the Ahaadeeth talkin' about makin' 1adaa in a 'eneal
manne (annot be s"e(ified o esti(ted by the Ahaadeeth that mention An-8adh
when the Ahaadeeth that ode the 1adaa in the (ase of An-8adh did not (ome to
s"e(ify the Ahaadeeth that dis(uss 1adaa 'eneally) $athe they (ame to mention a
(i(umstan(e o situation fom amon'st the diffeent situations whee 1adaa was
a""li(able) *hey (ame to mention a (ase fom amon'st the 'eneal (ases and did
not (ome to s"e(ify) So the fastin' fo the dead is Jaai3 ("emissible) and this is a
'eneal s"ee(h (1awl Aam) and unde this 'eneality (omes the (ase of An-8adh in
addition to the situation of the 2affaaaat (e."iations)) *hee is a diffeen(e between
mentionin' a (ase fom amon'st the (ases of 'eneality and the s"e(ifi(ation of a
'eneal ulin') Ibn 5a-a said/ (Al-Laith# Ahmad# Isha, and Abu Ubaid said/ *hee is
no fastin' on anothes behalf e.(e"t in the (ase of An-8adh submittin' the 'eneal
hadeeth of Aaisha to the esti(tion in the hadeeth of Ibn Abbaas) 5owe+e thee is
no (ontadi(tion between them and they (an be (ombined to'ethe) *he hadeeth of
Ibn Abbaas efle(ts an inde"endent issue whee he was asked by somebody who
had fa(ed that issue (i)e) of An-8adh)) As fo the hadeeth of Aaisha (a) then this
establishes a 'eneal "in(i"le and the hadeeth of Ibn Abbaas fits into this 'eneality
whee e+en he said in anothe e"ot/ *he &ebt to Allah is moe wothy fo 1adaa to
be made fo it)) ?ith that it has been made (lea that the ule of fastin' 1adaa on
behalf of the dead is not esti(ted to the situation of An-8adh and the (oe(t +iew is
that it is unesti(ted and 'eneal fo e+ey fast)
o# and #hen is the Qadaa for "issed fasts "ade0
It is (oe(t to make 1adaa fo missed fasts in a (onse(uti+e manne -ust as it is
allowed to do it in a way that s"eads the fasts out and neithe has been 'i+en
"efeen(e o+e the othe) It is (oe(t (allowed) to make u" missed fasts fom
$amadhaan as soon as !id is o+e -ust as it is allowed to wait fo the month of
Shabaan befoe the followin' $amadhaan) <oth ae allowed and ewaded with no
sin is in+ol+ed) *he e+iden(e fo this is the s"ee(h of Allah (swt)/
J )))

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(So whoe+e is ill o on a -ouney then fo him is (,adaa) fom othe days (afte))
<a,aah/0B7
*his Ayaah states Fom othe days without s"e(ifyin' this o esti(tin' it) So the
1adaa emains Aam without *ahksees (s"e(ifi(ation) and Mutla, (unesti(ted)
without *a,yeed (esti(tion)) In whi(he+e way it is fulfilled is ewaded and +alid)
Imaam Abu 5aneefah said/ *he obli'ation of 1adaa is wide without esti(tion and
e+en if its delayed to the ne.t $amadhaan) At-*ahaawi said/ Fonse(uti+e and
s"ead out is the same and the ma-oity said/ 1adaa is allowed in the whole yea
e.(e"t fo the two days of !id and the days of *ashee,) *his theefoe means the
"emission to delay until Shabaan) *he fou Imaams# Al-Aw3aai# Ath-*hawi# Isha,
and Abu *haw a'eed on "emittin' *afee, (se"aatin':s"eadin' out) the fasts
and e(ommended the *attaabi ((onse(uti+e) fastin') *his has also been e"oted to
be the +iew of Muaadh# Ibn Abbaas# Anas and Abu 5uaiah (a)) All of these +iews
(statements) ae (oe(t e.(e"t fo the +iew of Imaam Abu 5aneefah/ !+en if it
entes the ne.t $amadhaan)
In (ontast Abdullah Ibn Uma# Aaisha# Uwah bin A3-Iubai# Al-5asan Al-<asi#
Ibaheem An-8akhi and &aawud bin Ali A3h-Ihaahii hold the o"inion that it is
obli'atoy to fast (onse(uti+ely so that thei is not beak in the days of fastin' the
1adaa fasts) It has also been e"oted fom &aawud the +iew that it is obli'atoy to
make u" fo fasts immediately at all times) Muhammad bin EAl-Mundhi said/ ?e
e"oted fom Ali Ibn Abi *aalib (a) that he disliked to make in &hul-5i--a and Al-
5asan Al-<asi and Ibn Shihaab also said this)
All of these statements (+iews) ae in(oe(t be(ause the 8oble Ayaah obli'ed the
1adaa without esti(tion o s"e(ifyin' that it should be (onse(uti+e o o((u
immediately o not be undetaken (disliked:fobidden) in &hul-5i--a) *hee ae no
9o"heti( Ahaadeeth Saheehah that su""ot these +iews and whoe+e wishes to
esti(t somethin' must (ome with an e+iden(e to do so) All that we ha+e ae Aathaa
(e"ots) fom the Sahaabah and Fu,ahaa whi(h show thei diffeen(es and
I-tihaadaat) *he Sahaabah (ah) and Fu,ahaa ae not (a"able to esti(t the
unesti(ted o make the 'eneal s"e(ifi( be(ause the s"e(ifi(ation and esti(tion
ae le'islated mattes and only the Shaa (an (ome with them)
Fo e.am"le Al-<ayha,i (4;BD7) naated fom Aaisha# Ibn Abbaas# Abu Ubaidah
Aami bin Al-Jaaah# Muaadh ibn Jabal# Abu 5uaiah# Anas bin Maalik and $aafi
bin 2hadee- (ah) e"ots that allow the *afee, (se"aatin') the 1adaa fasts of
$amadhaan) Fo e.am"le/ (Fount the numbe (of missed fasts) and fast them as you
wish)# (*hee is no "oblem in makin' 1adaa s"ead out)# (?hoe+e has somethin'
on him (1adaa fasts) then se"aate between them)) Also Ibn Abi Shaibah e"oted
(74B-77>:4) the +iew "emittin' the se"aation of fasts fom Ibn Abbaas# Abu
5uaiah# Anas# Muaadh bin Jabal# $aafi bin 2hadee-# Ubaid bin Umai# Abu
Muhayee3 and many othe *aabieen (ah)) Abd EU-$a33aa, (476-477:7) also
e(oded the same fom Ibn Abbaas# Abu 5uaiah and Ibn Muhayee3) Ad-
&aaa,utni (0H4-6:4) naated the same o"inion fom Abu Ubaidah bin Al-Jaaah#
Muaadh bin Jabal# Abu 5uaiah# Ibn Abbaas and $aafi (ah))
In o""osition to this Al-<ayha,i e"oted two e"ots (4;H:7) fom Ali (a) that he said
(onse(uti+e and Abd u-$a33aa, naated it and said/ (5e did not see a "oblem with
it bein' s"ead out:se"aated)) It has been naated about Ibn Uma (a) that he did
not se"aate the 1adaa of fasts missed fom $amadhaan) IbnShaibah and Abd u-
$a33aa, naated this also) Ad-&aaa,utni naated the +iew of (onse(uti+e fasts
fom Aaisha (a) and said that its Isnaad ((hain) was Saheeh)
*he (oe(t +iew is the fist and its e+iden(e is the 8oble Ayah that (ame in a Mutla,
way) As fo the de(isi+e es"onse to the o"inion of makin' fasts u" immediately then
this (omes fom what has been e"oted by Ibn 2hu3aimah (4D;0)# At-*imidhi# and
Ahmad on the authoity of Aaisha (a) who said/
LLI did not make u" anythin' of my fasts that I owed fom $amadhaan e.(e"t in
Shabaan# until the Messen'e of Allah (saw) was takenNN)
It is +ey unlikely that Aaisha (a) (ould ha+e done this in the house of the 9o"het
(saw) without it bein' bou'ht to his attention and is allowin' of it) *his te.t is suitable
to be used as an e+iden(e to indi(ate that the last time fo makin' u" fasts fom
$amadhaan is the month of Shabaan) Meanin' that the 1adaa has to take "la(e
befoe the be'innin' of the ne.t $amadhaan othewise it would ha+e e.(eeded the
bounds) If it was (oe(t to delay the 1adaa until afte the be'innin' of $amadhaan
then what benefit would Aaishas statement ha+e bou'ht) *he o"inion of the
obli'ation of (om"letin' the 1adaa fom a "e+ious $amadhaan befoe the be'innin'
of anothe has been a'eed u"on by the Fu,ahaa with the e.(e"tion of what has
been attibuted to Abu 5aneefah)
Just as it is allowed to fast (onse(uti+ely o s"ead out in you own 1adaa fasts it is
likewise "emitted to do so fo the dead) So the ?ali of the dead fasts on his behalf in
a ow o se"aated without any diffeen(e between them and thee is nothin' in the
te.ts that diffeentiates between fastin' youself and fastin' on behalf of the dead in
this issue)
As fo delayin' the 1adaa of the dead fo moe than a yea then this is "emitted)
*his is a diffeen(e with fastin' fo youself whi(h is waa-ib on him himself wheeas
fastin' on behalf of the dead is "emissible and not waa-ib on him) As lon' as it is a
"emitted a(tion then he (an undetake it as he wishes and delay if he wishes) It is
e+en "emitted fo him not to do it at all) *he obli'ation fo the ?ali to make the
1adaa within a yea is theefoe ne'ated and not a""li(able to him)
As fo the ?ali and who he is@ ?ell in the Aabi( lan'ua'e the wod ?ali (an ha+e
many meanin's (laf3h mushtaak)# fo instan(e it (an mean fiend and it (an mean
ally) It (an also mean a elation thou'h maia'e o nei'hbou# o followin' o
obedient) It has (ome to mean the one who makes the de(ision amon'st othe
meanin's) *hee has not (ome a te.t that s"e(ifies the meanin' of ?ali in elation to
the one who "ays on behalf of the dead and due to this the Fu,ahaa ha+e diffeed in
thei inte"etations of its meanin') It has been said a elati+e (unesti(ted)# o an
inheito o fom his (lan) My +iew howe+e is that the tem ?ali efes to the one who
is (losest to the dead like the son o fathe o son) It is allowed fo this ?ali to fast the
1adaa fasts of what his dead has missed of fasts and he is ewaded two times fo
his a(tion and the sin is emo+ed fom the dead with the "adon of Allah Al-Afu Al-
Ghafoo)
Finally I say that if someone has missed two $amadhaans o moe then it is
obli'atoy fo him to make u" all of his fasts) It is not enou'h fo him to make u" fo
the last $amadhaan missed only be(ause the obli'ation of makin' 1adaa does not
fall fom the "eson afte the "assin' of moe than a yea on the fast that he missed)
5e will be sinful fo his delayin' and the obli'ation of es"onsibility will emain on him
and thee is no ,uestion that he must "efom it)
Part &
The (eco""ended Fasts (/iyaa" 1t.Tata##u!)
Firstly: 2eneral (ulings
Fasting of a #o"an and the *er"ission of her husband:
?hat (on(ens us hee is the e(ommended fastin' as thee is no khilaaf (diffeen(e)
amon'st the Muslims that the woman does not need to ask the "emission of he
husband to "efom the obli'atoy fasts o has he a i'ht to "e+ent he) *he Jumhoo
(ma-oity) ha+e said/ It is 5aaam fo a woman to fast a e(ommended fast and he
husband is "esent e.(e"t with his "emission) Some of the Shafiiyyah said/ It is
+ey makooh (ston'ly disliked) but not fobidden) An-8awawi said/ *he (oe(t +iew
is the fist# the +iew of the ma-oity) 5e added/ If she fasts without the "emission of
he husband then he fast is still +alid e+en if the fastin' was 5aaam) Its bein'
fobidden is linked to anothe matte than the fast itself and it is like the Salaah in the
land whi(h has been taken away (o((u"ied)) Ibn 5a-a Al-As,alaani said/ If she
fasted and he husband a""oa(hed duin' the fast then he (an in+alidate he fast
without it bein' disliked o in anothe meanin' that he is ill and he is unable to
en'a'e in inte(ouse) Imaam Maalik said (on(enin' the woman that fasts without
seekin' the "emission of he husband/ *his issue diffesO thee ae men who need
thei family and the woman would know about this so he does not like that she fasts
without his "emission and othe women know that he is not in need of he so then in
that (ase thee is no ham fo he to fast when she wishes)
*he followin' e+iden(es ha+e been naated in this issue/
06) Abu 5uaiah (a) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LLIt is not 5alaal fo a woman to fast whilst he husband is "esent e.(e"t
with his "emission# and she is not allowed (to) in his house without his
"emissionNN
Al-<ukhaai (;0H;)# Muslim and Ibn Maa-ah (0>=0)# At-*imidhi# Ibn 5ibbaan#
Ahmad and Ibn 2hu3aimah with the followin' wodin'/
LLA woman does not fast a day whilst he husband is "esent without his
"emission e.(e"t fo the month of $amadhaanNN) At-*imidhi said the
hadeeth is 5asan Saheeh) Ad-&aaami (0>40) and Abd-u-$a33a, naated/
LLA woman does not fast *atawwuan (e(ommended fast) in othe than
$amadhaan e.(e"t with he husbands "emissionNN)
07) Abu Saeed Al-2hudi (a) said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) fobade the women fom fastin' e.(e"t with
the "emission of thei husbandsNN
Ibn Maa-ah (0>=4) with a Saheeh Sanad ((hain)) And also fom him (Abu
Saeed) that/
LL)))*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/ *he woman does not fast e.(e"t with
the "emission of he husbandNN)
Abu &aawud (47;H) e.ta(ted fom a lon' hadeeth) Also (olle(ted by Ibn
5ibbaan# Ahmad# At-*ahaawi and Al-5aakim +eified it as Saheeh and Adh-
&hahabi a'eed) Ibn 5a-a Al-As,alaani also +eified it as Saheeh)
If we only had 5adeeth 0 whi(h is Saheeh# it would be suffi(ient fo us as it states/ LIt
is not 5alaal fo a woman to fast whilst he husband is "esent e.(e"t with his
"emissionN) *he wodin' it is not 5alaal means that it is 5aaam) *he wodin'
whilst he husband is "esent e.(e"t with his "emission has (ome in a 'eneal
(Aam) manne in elation to seekin' the "emission of the husband so it (annot be
said that this is linked to his need fo his family be(ause this is a s"e(ifi(ation without
somethin' that has (aused it to be so (without e+iden(e) whi(h is not allowed) A
s"e(ifi(ation did (ome howe+e in elation to it bein' linked to othe than the month of
$amadhaan# meanin' the e(ommended fasts) *he Ahaadeeth say/ L)))a day whilst
he husband is "esent e.(e"t fo in $amadhaanN and L*he woman does not fast
e(ommended fasts in othe than $amadhaan whilst he husband is "esent without
his "emissionN) So we say that is not 5alaal fo a woman to fast a e(ommended
fast e.(e"t with he husbands "emission) As fo the obli'atoy fast# then she does
not e,uie he husbands "emission)
The reco""ended fast and an invitation to eat:
If someone is in+ited to eat with somebody whilst they ae fastin' a e(ommended
fast then it has been le'islated fo them to a((e"t the in+itation) *he fa(t that he is
fastin' does not "e+ent him fom a((e"tin'# athe he 'oes then if he wills he (an
beak his fast and eat and if he wills he (an emain fastin' and infom the host that
he is fastin' and make &ua fo him)
*his is a sele(tion of Ahaadeeth that elate to this matte/
0=) Abu 5uaiah (a) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LLIf one of you is in+ited (fo food) then es"ond and if you ae fastin' then
make &ua and if you ae not fastin' then eatNN)
Muslim (6;4D)# Abu &aawud and At-*imidhi) *hee is a simila naation fom
An-8asaai (0DD;H) in his Sunan Al-2ubaa on the authoity of Abdullah ibn
Masood (a)/
LLIf one of you is in+ited (fo food) then es"ond) If you ae not fastin' then
eat and if you ae fastin' make dua fo blessin'sNN)
0>) Also fom Abu 5uaiah (a) that the 9o"het (saw) said/
LLIf one of you is in+ited to food whilst you ae fastin' then say/ I am
fastin'NN)
Muslim (4>D4)# An-8asaai# At-*imidhi# Abu &aawud# Ibn Maa-ah and Ad-
&aaami)
0B) Anas (a) said/
LL*he 9o"het (saw) enteed u"on Um Sulaim and she bou'ht out dates
and fat) 5e (saw) said/ etun the butte and dates to thei (ontaines be(ause
I am fastin') 5e then went o+e to the (one of the house and "ayed a non-
obli'atoy "aye and made &ua fo Um Sulaim and the "eo"le of he
household)))NN
Al-<ukhaai (0HB4)# Ahmad and Ibn Sad in At-*aba,aat Al-2ubaa)
*he meanin' of these Ahaadeeth ae (lea)
?e shall now e.amine the followin' 5adeeth on the authoity of Abu Juhaifah
who said/
LL*he 9o"het (saw) made Salmaan and Abu &adaa bothes so Salmaan
+isited Abu &adaa and saw Umm &adaa dessed without effot and asked
he what the matte was) She e"lied/ Aou bothe Abu &adaa does not
ha+e a (on(en fo anythin' of this &unya) Abu &adaa then (ame and
Salmaan had some food fo him) 5e (Salmaan) said/ !at) 5e e"lied/ I am
fastin') 5e (Salman) said/ I am not 'oin' to eat until you eat) 5e said/ %k I
will eat) ?hen ni'ht (ame Abu &adaa (ame to "ay 1iyaam (taha--ud) and
Salmaan told him to 'o ba(k to slee") 5e sle"t and then etuned and a'ain
he was told to slee") ?hen the last "at of the ni'ht (ame Salmaan said/ 8ow
stand fo "aye and they both "ayed) Salmaan then said/ Meily you $abb
(lod) has a i'ht o+e you# you ha+e a i'ht o+e youself and you family has
a i'ht o+e you so 'i+e to e+eyone its due i'ht) *he 9o"het (saw) (ame
and what ha""ened was mentioned to him and he said/ Salmaan s"oke the
tuthNN)
Al-<ukhaai (0H=B)# At-*imidhi# Ibn 2hu3aimah and At-*abaaani)
Ad-&aaa,utni (0>=:4) and Al-<ayha,i naated the followin' +esion/
LL)))Meily you bothe stands the (whole) ni'ht in "aye and fast the day
and he has no need fo the women of this &unya) Abu &adaa (ame#
Salmaan wel(omed him and bou'ht food (lose to him) Salmaan told him to
eat) 5e e"lied/ I am fastin') 5e said/ I ha+e swon that you will beak you
fast and said/ I will not eat until you eat# so he ate with him)))NN
*his 5adeeth indi(ates a numbe of Ahkaam (ulin's)/ Fistly# that it is
allowed to beak a e(ommended fast and this has been dis(ussed in the
se(tion (*he 1adaa of the e(ommended fast)) Also it demonstates that
modeation is le'islated in Ibaadah (a(ts of woshi") like those elated to
fastin' and 1iyaam ul-Lail) It also demonstates that attendin' to the i'hts of
you wife (omes befoe the e(ommended fasts and ni'ht "ayes) Finally it
shows that it is allowed fo the one in+itin' to en(oua'e (u'e) the one bein'
in+ited to eat with him and beak his fast)
Fasting +n 3inter:
It is well known that the Shaa Al-5aneef has le'islated ease on the woshi""es as
a me(y fo them and a fa+ou fom Allah (swt)) It is theefoe e(ommended fo the
Muslim to take the easie o"tion fom amon'st issues unless sin (ould be in+ol+ed in
whi(h (ase he would efain fom it) Aaisha (a) said/ LL*hee was not an issue of
(hoi(e e.(e"t that the Messen'e (saw) took the easie of the two as lon' as no sin
in+ol+ed be(ause he was the futhest of "eo"le fom (ommittin' a sin)))NN)Al-
<ukhaai (6;=D)# Muslim# Abdu &aawud# At-*imidhi# Maalik and Ahmad)
<ased on this a Muslim if he wishes to (an (hoose to fast the (olde and shote days
i)e) (hoose to fast in the winte season and not to (ause himself to suffe hadshi" by
(hoosin' to fast in the hot and lon' days of the summe season unde the "ete.t of
the ('eate) ewad due to hadshi" like some of the obstinate "eo"le ha+e done
and said in issues of the deen) Aami bin Masood Al-Jumahi said that the
Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/ LL*he fastin' in winte is like a (old booty ("i3e)NN)
$e"oted by Ahmad (0H0=>)# At-*imidhi# At-*abaaani and Ibn 2hu3aimah) At-
*imidhi said/ *his 5adeeth is Musil) 9eo"le ha+e disa'eed in e'ads to Aami bin
Masood whethe he is a Sahaabi o *aabii) Al-<ukhaai# At-*imidhi and Ibn Moeen
(onside him a *aabii and Ibn Mundih# Ibn Abd ul-<a and Ibn 5ibbaan ha+e
e(oded his name with the Sahaabah so his (ase is disa'eed u"on) ?hat the
Muhadditheen ha+e diffeed on is allowed to be used as an e+iden(e and le'al te.t)
Fasting #hilst in 4ihaad:
Meily Jihaad is the hi'hest "eak of Islaam# its ewad is 'eat and its 'oodness is
+ast) If this a(tion is bou'ht to'ethe with that of Fastin' with what it bin's of
hadshi"# then the ewad be(omes in(eased to the "oint whee Allah (swt) (auses
the one who does it to be distan(ed se+enty yeas fom the fie) A "at of Jihaad is
the $ibaat ('uadin' the fonties) in the way of Allah and theefoe fastin' in it is like
the ewad of fastin' whilst in Jihaad) *he followin' Ahaadeeth ha+e been e"oted
whi(h illustate the meits of fastin' whilst in Jihaad/
06) Abu Saeed Al-2hudi (a) said that he head the Messen'e of Allah (saw)
say/
LL?hosoe+e fasts one day fee sabeel lillah (in the way of Allah in Jihaad)
then Allah distan(es his fa(e se+enty Autumns away fom the fieNN)
Al-<ukhaai (4B7D)# Muslim# An-8asaai# At-*imidhi# Ibn Maa-ah and Ahmad)
Ibn Maa-ah also e"oted (0>0B) with An-8asaai# At-*imidhi and Ahmad the
hadeeth on the authoity of Abu 5uaiah) It was e"oted by Abu Shaibah
(;>4:7) on the authoity of Anas (a)) An-8asaai (44;4) e"oted it also on the
authoity of U,bah bin Aami (a) and At-*abaaani (40H7) in Al-Mu-am al-
Awsat on the authoity of Jaabi (a) and in it (the (hain) is <u,yah bin Al-
?aleed)
07) %n the authoity of Abu &adaa who said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw)
said/
LL?hosoe+e fasts whilst in the way of Allah (in Jihaad) then Allah "la(es
between him and the fie a ten(h whi(h is like what is beteen the hea+en and
the eathNN)
8aated by At-*abaaani in Al-Mu-am As-Sa'hee (77H) and al-Mu-am Al-
Awsat with an Isnaad ((hain) whi(h al-5aithami and Al-Mundhii (lassified as
5asan) At-*imidhi naated the 5adeeth fom the authoity of Abu Umaamah
(a) and said that this hadeeth is Ghaeeb)
It is woth "ointin' attention to the fa(t that if a hadeeth is said to be Ghaeeb
this does not mean that it is &aeef (weak) as some ha+e alluded to) Ghaeeb
is a name:tem that is shaed a(oss Saheeh# 5asan and &aeef so it (ould
be said that a hadeeth is Saheeh Ghaeeb# hasan Ghaeeb o &aeef
Ghaeeb) Ghaeeb is a hadeeth that has one uni,ue e"ote in its (hain) If
this $aawi (naato) is -ust and tustwothy then the hadeeth is Saheeh# and
if he is honest and no "oblem is found with him then it is 5asan) If the $aawi
is sus"e(ted o a((used in his tustwothiness and -ustness then the 5adeeth
is &aeef and is abandoned)
0;) U,bah bin Aami (a) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LL?hosoe+e fasts a day in the way of Allah A33a wa Jall Allah distan(es him
a distan(e of one hunded yeas fom Janahannam (hellfie)NN)
An-8asaai (44;7)) Abd u-$a33aa, (H=B7) and At-*abaaani in his Mu-am
Al-Awsat and Al-2abee elated it on the authoity of Amu bin Abasah (a))
Al-5aithami said/ Its "eo"le (naatos) ae tustwothy) Al-Mundhii/ Said that
the Isnaad has no "oblem:fault with it) Abd u-$a33aa, (H=B6) naated a
+esion fom Abu Umaamah/ LL?hosoe+e fasts a day in the way of Allah#
Allah will distan(e his fa(e a distan(e of a hunded yeas fom the fie#
'allo"in' the fast lean hoseNN)
Geneal te.ts ha+e (ome in elation to fastin' (o+ein' the obli'atoy and
e(ommended fasts) *he issue e'adin' the e(ommended fastin' is
a""aent but the obli'atoy fast if it is in the situation of ta+ellin' o similaly
Jihaad in the way of Allah then its "efoman(e has not been s"e(ified) It is
(oe(t to beak the fast in this (ase) *hen e+iden(es ha+e (ome en(oua'in'
the fast of its kind in the situation of Jihaad in the way of Allah and it is not
(oe(t esti(t these te.ts to the obli'atoy fasts)
As fo the statement in the way of Allah then whee+e it is found it efes to
Jihaad i)e) the fi'htin' of 2uffa and is not taken away fom this meanin'
e.(e"t with a 1aeenah (linka'e) and in this issue a ,aeenah to anothe
meanin' is absent) It theefoe emains on its oi'inal meanin' whi(h is
Jihaad)
+t is correct (allo#ed) to cut short the reco""ended fast:
It is allowed fo the one who fasts a e(ommended fast to beak it o (ut it shot when
he wishes fo a eason o e.(use o without one) ?e ha+e aleady mentioned the
Ahaadeeth that mention this in the se(tion/ (*he 1adaa of the e(ommended fast) in
the (ha"te (*he 1adaa of fastin')) In that se(tion we said/ Meily the "emission to
(ut shot the e(ommended fast has (ome in many Ahaadeeth and ha+e (ome
without mentionin' a eason linked to it) It is theefoe not allowed fo anyone in
a((odan(e with these Ahaadeeth to "ohibit the (uttin' shot o beakin' of the
e(ommended fast o to esti(t it to an e.(use) ?hoe+e wishes to (an 'o ba(k and
e+ise o efesh the to"i()
Fasting in the days of the #eek:
It is +alid to fast a e(ommended fast in any day of the week) *he fasts of Monday
and *husday ha+e been mentioned in the te.ts as we mentioned ealie) Fastin' has
also been linked to all othe days of the week e.(e"t fo isolatin' the days of Jumah
(Fiday) and Satuday) *his means that whoe+e wishes to fast Fiday o Satuday is
e,uied to fast a day befoe o afte them) 5e (an "ay Fiday and Satuday#
*husday and Fiday o Satuday and Sunday) *his is unless the day of Aafah o
Aashooaa falls on any of these days in whi(h (ase it is "emissible to fast them in
isolation to othe days) *his is be(ause these fasts ha+e been le'islated within
anothe (onte.t)
*he followin' ae a sele(tion of Ahaadeeth elated to this issue/
>) %n the authoity of Umm Salamah (a) the wife of the 9o"het (saw) who said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) used to fast Satuday and Sunday moe
than othe days and would say these ae the two days of !id (elebated by
the Mushikeen (idol woshi""es) and I like to o""ose themNN)
Ahmad (4=>;D)# Al-<ayha,i and At-*abaaani in Al-Mu-am Al-Awsat) Ibn
2hu3aimah# Ibn 5ibbaan and Al-5aakim naated it and +eified it as Saheeh)
Just as Ibn 5a-a and Adh-&hahabi also +eified it as Saheeh)
B) Ubaidullah bin Muslim Al-1aashi naated that his fathe said/
LLI asked o the 9o"het (saw) was asked about Siyaam Ad-&ah@ 5e said/
Meily in you family you ha+e a i'ht) Fast $amadhaan and the one that
follows it and e+ey ?ednesday and *husday) *hen you would ha+e fasted
the fast of Ad-&ahNN)
Abu &aawud (4764)# An-8asaai in As-Sunan Al-2abaa and Al-<ukhaai in
the book At-*aeekh Al-2abee) At-*imidhi naated it and said it was
Ghaeeb)
H) 2aithamah said that Aaisha (a) said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) used to fast fom a month the days of
Satuday# Sunday and Monday and fom anothe month *uesday#
?ednesday and *husdayNN)
8aated by at-*imidhi (>76) who said it was 5asan)
*his thid 5adeeth in(ludes weakness but At-*imidhi (lassified it as 5asan
so it is allowed to take it and es"e(ially be(ause in this issue it does not
(ontadi(t a Saheeh 5adeeth) As fo what Abdullah bin <us naated when
he said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/ LL&o not fast Satuday
unless it is obli'atoy and if one of you does not find e.(e"t a 'a"e +ine o
+ein of a tee then su(k fom itNN) Ibn Maa-ah (0>4=)# An-8asaai and Ahmad)
Ibn 5ibbaan and Al-5aakim both naated it and +eified it as Saheeh as did
As-Sakan and At-*imidhi (lassified it as 5asan) At-*ahaawai howe+e said
that this 5adeeth is Shaadh (out of "la(e) and Ahmad and Maalik (lassified it
as &aeef) Abu &aawud naated (4740) fom the siste of Abdullah that he
said at the end of it (the 5adeeth) that this 5adeeth has been abo'ated)
*hee is no doubt theefoe that this 5adeeth (ontains weakness but I do not
say that the 5adeeth is weak) If this hadeeth (ontadi(ted the fist Saheeh
hadeeth and it was not "ossible to e(on(ile between them then it must
ine+itably be e-e(ted) If it does not (ontadi(t it and e(on(iliation is "ossible
between them then it is allowed to take it and use it as an e+iden(e)
<y e.aminin' this issue we (an say that it is "ossible to bin' these
e+iden(es to'ethe easily and wok with both) I say that the "ohibition of
fastin' Satuday in this 5adeeth is die(ted to isolatin' it) As fo fastin' it with
the day befoe o afte then that 'oes outside of this "ohibition) ?hat
su""ots this +iew# is his (saw)s e,uest to the one who wants to fast Jumah
to fast the Satuday afte it o *husday befoe it) <in'in' e+iden(es to'ethe
when "ossible is bette than sayin' that one has been abo'ated o must be
e-e(ted)
In elation to fastin' the day of Jumah the followin' has been e"oted/
0D) Abu 5uaiah (a) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LL 8one of you should fast the day of Jumah unless you fast the day befoe
o afte itNN)
Muslim (4=B6)# Al-<ukhaai# Abu &aawud# Ahmad and Ibn 5ibbaan) Muslim
(4=B7) and An-8asaai also naated/ LL&o not s"e(ify the ni'ht of Jumah
(*husday ni'ht) fo standin' in "aye fom amon'st the ni'hts and (similaly)
do not sin'le out the day of Jumah fo fastin' fom amon'st the days e.(e"t
if they wee a((ustomed to fastin' on dates that (o-in(ideNN)
00) Muhammad ibn Ubaad (Abbaas) said/
LLI asked Jaabi (a)/ &id the 9o"het (saw) fobid fastin' the day of Jumah@
5e e"lied/ Aes) %the naatos added# RIf he intends to fast only that dayTNN)
Al-<ukhaai (0HB7)# Muslim# An-8asaai# Ibn Maa-ah and Ahmad)
04) Juwaiiyyah <int Al-5aaith (a) naated that/
LL*he 9o"het +isited he (Juwaiiya) on a Fiday and she was fastin') 5e
asked he# R&id you fast yesteday@R She said# R8o)R 5e said# R&o you intend
to fast tomoow@R She said# R8o)R 5e said# R*hen beak you fastNN)
Al-<ukhaai (0HB7)# An-8asaai# Ahmad# Ibn 5ibbaan and At-*ahaawi)
06) <ashee ibn Al-2hasaasiyah (a) said/
LL5e asked the 9o"het (saw)/ I fast the day of Jumah and I don not s"eak
to anyone on that day@ *he 9o"het (saw) e"lied/ &o not fast Jumah e.(e"t
if it is amon'st othe days)))NN
Ahmad (446DD) and its (hain is Saheeh))
07) Abdullah Ibn Masood (a) said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) used to fast thee days fom the be'innin'
of e+ey month and would aely beak his fast (not fast) on the day of
JumahNN)
An-8asaai (46=B)# At-*imidhi# Ibn Maa-ah# Ahmad# Ibn 5ibbaan# Ibn
2hu3aimah and Al-<ayha,i) *imidhi said that it is 5asan Ghaeeb and Ibn
5a3m +eified it as Saheeh)
0;) Abu 5uaiah (a) said/
LLIt was not me who "ohibited fastin' on the day of Jumah) $athe it was
Muhammad (saw) and the Lod of the 2abah who fobade itNN)
Ibn 5ibbaan (6=DH)# Ahmad# Ibn 2hu3aimah and Abd-u-$a33aa, and its
(hain is Saheeh)
0=) Aami bin Ludain Al-Ashai (a) said/ I head the Messen'e of Allah (saw)
sayin'/
LL*he day of Jumah is you !id so do not fast on it unless you fast what is
befoe it o afte itNN)
Al-<a33aa (0D=H) with a Sanad that Al-5aithami said was 5asan) Ahmad
and Al-5aakim e"oted fom the authoity of Abu 5uaiah (a))
?e ha+e said that the "ohibition was (on(enin' the sin'lin' out (isolation) of the
day of Jumah fo fastin') ?e also said that whoe+e wished to fast it should add to it
the fast of the day befoe it o afte) 5adeeth 7#;#> and 0D ae e+iden(es su""otin'
this ulin'# and the meanin' of the te.t in ea(h is (lea) ?e also say that hadeeth =
'uides to this ulin'# Juaiiyah (a) was fastin' on the day of Jumah and the
Messen'e of Allah (saw) wanted to know if she had sin'led out Jumah o that she
had fasted *husday when he said/ (&id you fast yesteday@)) ?hen he knew that
she had not fasted *husday he asked he if she intended to fast Satuday when he
said/ (*o you want to fat tomoow@)) ?hen he had as(etained that she did not
intend to fast Satuday and that she had sin'led out (isolated) Jumah fo fastin' then
he odeed he to beak it# whi(h means that he fobade he fom fastin' Fiday
(Jumah) alone) As fo the 5adeeth numbe B naated by Ibn Masood (a) then it
(aies that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) had fasted Jumah with what was befoe o
afte it) *his was whee the Messen'e (saw) fasted a lot and the day of Jumah
enteed amon'st the days he was fastin' and this 5adeeth does not indi(ate that the
Messen'e (saw) would sin'le out the day of Jumah fo fastin') As fo 5adeeth
numbe H then thee is no doubt that the "ohibition in it is a""lied on the sin'lin' out
of Jumah fo fastin' and with this undestandin' we ha+e made all the Ahaadeeth
wok to'ethe and ha+e emo+ed any a""aent (ontadi(tions)
*heefoe I say that the e(ommended fast is +alid in any day of the week without
Shuoot ((onditions)) *his is with the e.(e"tion of Fiday (Jumah) and Satuday
(Sabt) as they ha+e the (ondition that they ae not fasted in isolation but athe -oined
to the fast of the day befoe o afte)
8ow let us look at the followin' 5adeeth whi(h is away fom the aea of Istidlaal and
esea(h naated by Al,amah/ LL I asked PAisha R&id Allah s A"ostle# use to (hoose
some s"e(ial days (fo fastin')@R She e"lied# R8o# but he used to be e'ula
((onstant) (in his se+i(e of woshi""in')) ?ho amon'st you (an endue what AllahPs
A"ostle used to endue@NN)
Al-<ukhaai (0HB>)# Muslim# Abu &aawud and Ahmad)
Amon'st those who ha+e "e+ented the isolated fastin' on the day of Jumah ae
Ahmad <in 5anbal# a se(tion of the Shaafiiyyah and Ibn 5a3m) It has also been
e"oted fom Ali# Abu 5uaiah# Salmaan and Abu &ha (ah)) Ibn 5a3m said/ ?e
do not know of any Sahaabah that diffeed with this +iew)
Abu 5aneefah# Maalik# his "eo"le and a se(tion of the Shaafiiyyah +iewed that it
was not disliked to sin'le out Jumah fo fastin') *he Ahnaaf used the 5adeeth of Ibn
Masood (B) as an e+iden(e) Al-Mu3ni e"oted fom Ash Shaafi that it is not disliked
e.(e"t if his fast weakens him fom his Ibaadah) Ad-&aawudi said/ It (ould be that
the "ohibition did not ea(h Maalik)
*he ma-oity ha+e held to the +iew of fobiddan(e# that this fobiddan(e is fo
"uifyin' i)e) fo somethin' disliked) *he (oe(t o"inion is the +iew of the ma-oity as
we ha+e illustated)
/econdly: The different ty*es of (eco""ended fasts
Fasting #hat is easy ("aa tayassara) fro" every "onth:
*his is what the Messen'e of Allah (saw) used to do and thee was not a month that
"assed e.(e"t that he would fast some days fom it) It is also not known fom him
that he fasted a (om"lete month in its entiety e.(e"t fo the month of $amadhaan)
Abdullah <in Sha,ee, said/ LLI said to Aaisha (a)/ &id the Messen'e of Allah
(saw) fast a (om"lete month@ She e"lied/ I am not awae of him fastin' an entie
month e.(e"t fo $amadhaan and he did not abstain fom fastin' an entie month
e.(e"t that he fasted fom it until he went on his way (saw)NN)
Muslim (4>0B)# An-8asaai and Ahmad)
Abu Salamah (a) said/ LLI asked Aaisha (a) about the fastin' of the Messen'e of
Allah (saw)) She said/ 5e used to fast until we would say that he fasted and would
abstain until we would say he has abstained) And I ha+e not seen him fast moe in a
month than what he fasted in Shabaan# he used to fast all of Shabaan# all of
Shabaan e.(e"t a littleNN)
Muslim (4>44)# Al-<ukhaai# Abu &aawud# An-8asaai# Ibn Maa-ah# Ahmad and Ibn
5ibbaan)
Ibn Abbaas (a) said/ LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) did not e+e fast an entie
month e.(e"t fo $amadhaan) 5e used to fast in a manne whee someone would
say/ <y Allah he doesnt beak his fast and then he would beak his fast fo a "eiod
until someone would say that he doesnt fastNN
Muslim (4>47)# Ad-&aaami) Also naated by At-*imidhi (>=;) on the authoity of
Aaisha (a))
Fasting day after day (consecutively):
*he best fom of e(ommended fastin' is to fast a day and lea+e a day and this is
what the 9o"het of Allah &aawud (as) would do) *hee is no fast bette than it
e.(e"t the obli'atoy fast) *he Muslim should not do moe than this# but sto"s at that
and does not e.(eed it unde any (i(umstan(es) *hee ae many te.ts that mention
and e."lain its meit and fobid in(easin' u"on it) I will mention a sele(tion of
e+iden(es that show this/
>) Abdullah Ibn Amu (a) said/
LLAllahPs A"ostle said to me# R*he most belo+ed fastin' to Allah was the
fastin' of &aawud (as) who used to fast on altenate days) And the most
belo+ed "aye to Allah was the "aye of &aawud (as) who used to slee" fo
(the fist) half of the ni'ht and "ay fo 0:6 of it and (a'ain) slee" fo a si.th of
itNN)
Al-<ukhaai (674D)# Muslim# Abu &aawud# An-8asaai# Ahmad# Ad-&aaami
and Ibn Maa-ah)
B) Abdullah Ibn Am said/
LLAllahPs A"ostle was infomed that I had taken an oath to fast daily and to
"ay (e+ey ni'ht) all the ni'ht thou'hout my life (so AllahPs A"ostle (ame to
me and asked whethe it was (oe(t)/ I e"lied# RLet my "aents be sa(ifi(ed
fo youC I said so)R *he 9o"het said# RAou (annot do that) So# fast fo few
days and 'i+e it u" fo few days# ay and slee") Fast thee days a month as
the ewad of 'ood deeds is multi"lied ten times and that will be e,ual to one
yea of fastin')R I e"lied# RI (an do bette than that)R *he 9o"het said to me#
RFast one day and 'i+e u" fastin' fo a day and that is the fastin' of 9o"het
&aawud (as) and that is the best fastin')R I said# RI ha+e the "owe to fast
bette (moe) than that)R *he 9o"het said# R*hee is no bette fastin' than
thatRNN)
Al-<ukhaai (0H>=)# Muslim# Abu &aawud# An-8asaai and Ahmad) In anothe
naation fom Al-<ukhaai (0HBD)# Muslim and An-8asaai LL)))*hee is no
fastin' abo+e the fastin' of &aawud (as) thou'hout the a'es) Fasts a day
and beak fast a dayNN) And in a +esion (olle(ted by Ahmad (=B=>)/ LL)))5e
said/ Fast the fast of the 9o"het of Allah &aawud (as) and do not add u"on
it) I said/ % Messen'e of Allah/ ?hat was the fastin' of &aawud (as)@ 5e
used to fast one day and then beak fast the ne.t dayNN)
H) Abdullah Ibn Am said/
LLMy fathe 'ot me maied to a lady of a noble family# and often used to ask
my wife about me# and she used to e"ly# R?hat a wondeful man he isC 5e
ne+e (omes to my bed# no has he a""oa(hed me sin(e he maied me)R
?hen this state (ontinued fo a lon' "eiod# my fathe told the stoy to the
9o"het who said to my fathe# RLet me meet him)R *hen I met him and he
asked me# R5ow do you fast@R I e"lied# RI fast daily#R 5e asked# R5ow lon'
does it take you to finish the e(itation of the whole 1uan@R I e"lied# RI finish
it e+ey ni'ht)R %n that he said# RFast fo thee days e+ey month and e(ite
the 1uPan (and finish it) in one month)R I said# R<ut I ha+e "owe to do moe
than that)R 5e said# R*hen fast fo thee days "e week)R I said# Ri ha+e the
"owe to do moe than that)R 5e said# R*heefoe# fast the most su"eio ty"e
of fastin'# (that is# the fastin' of ("o"het) &a+id who used to fast e+ey
altenate dayO and finish the e(itation of the whole 1uPan In se+en days)R I
wish I had a((e"ted the "emission of AllahPs A"ostle as I ha+e be(ome a
weak old man)))NN)
Al-<ukhaai (;D;4)# An-8asaai# At-*ahaawi and Ibn 5ibbaan) Ahmad (=7>>)
naated a +esion) 5is statement that if only I had taken:a((e"ted the
$ukhsah of Allah efle(ts than when Abdullah be(ame old and weake he
be'an to find it +ey diffi(ult in hadshi" to fast and beak fast e+ey othe day
es"e(ti+ely) 5e wished that he would ha+e a((e"ted one of the li'hte
o"tions "o+ided to him by the Messen'e of Allah (saw)) *his (an be futhe
e."lained by this e"ot fom Muslim (4>4H)/ LL)))5e said fast a day and then
lea+e a day and that is the fast of &aawud (as)) It is the best fast) 5e said/ I
said/ I am (a"able of doin' moe than that and the Messen'e of Allah (saw)
said/ *hee is nothin' bette than that) Abdullah ibn Am said/ LLIf only I had
a((e"ted the thee days that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) mentioned# then
this would ha+e been moe belo+ed to me than my family and money
((ombined)NN)
*hese te.ts show with 'eatest amount of (laity that the best fast is that of &aawud
(as)# it is the most belo+ed to Allah# nothin' is bette than it and thee is no fast abo+e
it with the (ommand of the 8oble 9o"het not to e.(eed it) Abu 5aamid Al-Gha3aali
held the +iew that the Sawm of Ad-&ah (e+ey day (ontinuously) is bette than the
fast of &aawud (as)) *his is be(ause it is moe a(tion and thus moe ewad) *his
o"inion has no basis) It is like sayin' ten o twenty (i(uits of the 2abah in 5a-- is
bette than se+en# and that stayin' in Mina fo moe than thee days is bette# o the
Saiy between Safaa and Mawaa twenty times is bette) If we wee to do this then
we would o"en a doo fom amon'st the doos of Ash-Shaytaan (the de+il)) ?e
would down in an abyss and in e.(ess# we would be(ome (om"letely emo+ed fom
the noble 9o"heti( 'uidan(e and would be (om"letely distan(ed fom what Allah
(swt) has le'islated in tems of Ahkaam and Ibaadaat) In es"onse Ibn 5a3m has
said/ ?hen the Messen'e (saw) infoms that thee is nothin' bette than it then it
be(omes tue that whoe+e fasts moe than that has diminished the meits (ewads))
If the meits ha+e diminished then thee is no doubt that the in(ease has no woth
and the a(tion will ha+e no ewad) In fa(t it will ne'ate the ewad and it is tue that
is not 5alaal in oi'in)
Fasting three days of the "onth:
Amon'st the e(ommended fasts that ha+e been le'islated is the fast of thee days
e+ey month) *e.ts ha+e (ome mentionin' it and en(oua'in' its "efoman(e and
that whoe+e fasts it is as if he has fasted the whole of time) *his is be(ause the
ewad of it is ten times moe so thee days is e,ual to thity days whi(h is a
(om"lete month) ?hoe+e does this (ontinuously e+ey month then it is as if he has
fasted all of the months and the entie yea whi(h is the fast of Ad-&ah) In addition to
the ewads of this a(tion fastin' thee days in the month also (leans the beasts and
heats fom its filth and disease like whis"es# mali(iousness# s"ite and a''ession
and thei like) A Muslim theefoe "ays 'eat attention to fastin' it so that he (an
e.ta(t its 'oodness in this &unya and the 'oodness of the Aakhiah) *he followin'
ae a sele(tion of e+iden(es that mention these meits/
0D) Abu 5uaiah (a) said/
LLMy (om"anion ad+ised me with thee thin's that I should not abandon until
I died/ Fastin' thee days of e+ey month# the &uhaa "aye and slee"in'
u"on ?itNN)
Al-<ukhaai (00>B)# Muslim# Abu &aawud# An-8asaai# At-*imidhi# Ahmad
and Ad-&aaami)
00) Abu 5uaiah (a) said that he head the Messen'e of Allah (saw) sayin'/
LL*he month of Sab ("atien(e) and thee days fom e+ey month ae the
fastin' of Ad-&ahNN)
An-8asaai (47DB)# Ahmad# Ibn 5ibbaan and Abu &aawud At-*ayaalissy) *he
month of "atien(e means $amadhaan)
04) Abdullah Ibn Amu (a) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said to him/
LL))) If Aou suffi(e to fast thee days of e+ey month then you will ha+e fo
e+ey 5asanah ('ood deed) ten of its kind# then that will be entiely e,ual to
the fastin' of Ad-&ah)))NN
Al-<ukhaai (0H>;)) Ibn 5ibbaan and At-*ahaawi with a diffeent wodin')
06) Abdullah ibn Amu (a) said/
LL *he Messen'e of Allah (saw) was infomed that I had taken an oath to
fast daily and to "ay (e+ey ni'ht) all the ni'ht thou'hout my life (so AllahPs
A"ostle (ame to me and asked whethe it was (oe(t)/ I e"lied# RLet my
"aents be sa(ifi(ed fo youC I said so)R *he 9o"het said# RAou (annot do
that) So# fast fo few days and 'i+e it u" fo few days# ay and slee") Fast
thee days a month as the ewad of 'ood deeds is multi"lied ten times and
that will be e,ual to one yea of fastin' (Siyaam ad-&ah)T)))NN
Al-<ukhaai (0H>=)# Muslim# Abu &aawud# An-8asaai and Ahmad) *his
5adeeth was "e+iously mentioned in the se(tion (Fastin' (onse(uti+ely))
07) Uthmaan bin Abi Al-Aas (a) said that he head the Messen'e of Allah (saw)
sayin'/
LLA 'ood fast is thee days of e+ey monthNN)
An-8asaai (4700)# Ahmad# Ibn 5ibbaan# Ibn 2hu3aimah and Ibn Abi
Shaibah)
0;) Abu &ha (a) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LL?hoe+e fasts thee days of e+ey month then that is the fastin' of ad-&ah
(the whole yea)) Allah A33a wa Jalla e+ealed and affimed this in his book/
?hoe+e (omes with a 5asanah then he has ten of its kind) And one day is
theefoe e,ual to ten daysNN)
Ibn Maa-ah (0>DB)) At-*imidhi e"oted it and +eified it as 5asan) Ahmad#
Ibn 5ibbaan and Abu &aawud at-*ayaalissy also e(oded it with +aiations
and As-Suyooti said it was 5asan)
0=) Muaawiyah <in 1uah e"oted fom his fathe 1uah ibn Iyyaas that the
9o"het (sa) said/
LL5e said that the fastin' of thee days in a month e,uals the fastin' of Ad-
&ah and its IftaaNN)
Ahmad (0=6;>)# Al-<a33aa and At-*abaaani in al-Mu-am al-2abee) Al-
5aithami said/ the naatos of Ahmad ae Saheeh) *he meanin' of the fast
of ad-&ah and its Iftaa is that in s"ite of the Muslim not fastin' the whole
month i)e) bein' in the state of Iftaa he will still ha+e the Siyaam of Ad-&ah
(the whole month) witten fo him (in ewad))
0>) Aa3eed bin Abdullah bin Ash-Shikhkhai fom al-Aaaabi who said that he
head the Messen'e of Allah (saw) say/
LLFastin' the month of As-Sab ($amadhaan) and thee days of e+ey month
(auses the (leansin' of the ailments of the (hest (heat)NN)
Ahmad (467;B)# Ibn 5ibbaan# Al-<ayha,i and At-*abaaani in Al-Mu-am Al-
2abee) Al-<a33aa (0D;>) naated a +esion fom Ibn Abbaas (a) and An-
8asaai (46B;) naated fom a man fom amon'st the Sahaabah of the
9o"het (saw) the followin'/ LL)))Shall I not infom you what will 'et id of the
ailments of the heat@ Fastin' thee days fom e+ey monthNN) *he fa(t that
the Sahaabi is unknown does not (ause ham be(ause all of them ae
tustwothy)
*hese Ahaadeeth indi(ate that fastin' thee days of e+ey month is e(ommended)
*his is what all of the Fu,ahaa ha+e a'eed u"on des"ite disa'eein' on the
s"e(ifyin' of the thee days) *he o"inion of Abu 5aneefah# his two (om"anions# Ash-
Shaafi and his followes# Ahmad# Isha, bin $aahuwiyah and Ibn 5abeeb fom the
Maalikiyyah is that these days ae the 06
th
# 07
th
and 0;
th
of the month) *his is also the
+iew of Uma Ibn Al-2attaab# Abdullah Ibn Masood# Abu &ha and many of the
*aabieen) Maalik +iewed it disliked to a""oint o desi'nate days fo it and that the
Sunnah is to fast thee days whi(h ae not s"e(ified) Al-5asan Al-<asi
e(ommended thee days fom the be'innin' of the month and Ibaheem An-8akhi
e(ommended thee fom the end of the month) Ibn Shabaan fom the Maalikiyyah
e(ommended the fist day of the month alon' with the 00
th
and 4D
th
days) %thes
ha+e said it is e(ommended to fo(us on Monday and *husday) Al-Iaa,i held this
+iew)
*he (oe(t +iew is that it is bette to fast these days in one of two "ossible ways/
!ithe fast them in the days of Al-<eed al-Ghu whi(h ae the 06
th
# 07
th
and 0;
th
of
the month o fast the days on Monday and *husday) *hee ae e+iden(es that
su""ot both of these so it is e(ommended to (hoose these days to fast the thee
fom and thee is no "efeen(e of one (hoi(e o+e the othe)
*hose who ha+e esti(ted the e(ommendation to one of these alone has made an
eo# -ust as the one who disliked s"e(ifyin' a day made an eo o who (ame u"
with othe than these two "ossibilities) I ha+e not found one Fa,eeh in my eadin'
that has "la(ed these two "ossibilities at the same le+el o with the same e'ad) I
will now mention the e+iden(es that en(oua'e fastin' the thee days of the month
on the days of Al-<eed Al-Ghu (06
th
# 07
th
and 0;
th
) and then those that en(oua'e
fastin' the thee days on Monday and *husday/
Firstly: The evidences that encourage the 1%
th
5 14
th
and 1&
th
(1yaa" 1l.6eed 1l.
2hurr):
B) Jaeee Ibn Abdullah (a) said that the 9o"het (saw) said/
LLFastin' thee days of e+ey month is the fast of Ad-&ah ((ontinuous)# the
days of Al-<eed the 06
th
# 07
th
and 0;
th
NN)
An-8asaai (474D) with a Saheeh Isnaad) At-*abaaani also e(oded it in Al-
Mu-am As-Sa'hee as well as Abu Aala and Al-<ayha,i in Ash-Shuab)
H) Milhaan Al-1aisi said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) used to ode us to fast Al-<eed# the 06
th
#
07
th
and 0;
th
) 5e said/ *hey ae like Ad-&ahNN)
Abu &aawud (477H)# An-8asaai# Ibn Maa-ah# Ahmad# Ibn 5ibbaan and Al-
<ayha,i)
0D) Abu &ha (a) said/
LL*he messen'e of Allah (saw) used to (ommand us to fast fom the month
the thee days of Al-<eed/ the 06
th
# 07
th
and 0;
th
NN)
An-8asaai (4746) and At-*imidhi who +eified it as 5asan)
00) Moosa bin *alhah e"oted fom Abu 5uaiah (a)/
LLAn Aab (<edouin) (ame to the Messen'e of Allah (saw) with a abbit that
he had 'illed and "esented it to him between his hands) *he Messen'e of
Allah (saw) took it but did not eat fom it and odeed the "eo"le to eat) *he
Aab efained fom eatin' so the 9o"het (saw) asked him/ ?hat has
"e+ented you fom eatin'@ 5e e"lied/ I am fastin' thee days fom the
month) 5e (saw) said/ If you ae fastin' them then fast Al-GhuNN)
8aated by An-8asaai (4740)# Ibn 5ibbaan and Ahmad with a Saheeh
Sanad) An-8asaai (474B) also (olle(ted fom Moosa <in *alhah the followin'
+esion/
LL)))So the 9o"het (saw) asked/ ?hats won'@ 5e e"lied/ I am fastin' so
the 9o"het (saw) said to him/ Use the thee of Al-<eed# the 06
th
# 07
th
and
0;
th
NN) *his a(ts as the *afsee (e."lanation) of the "e+ious naation when
it said Fast Al-Ghu) An-8asaai has in fa(t e(oded a numbe of simila
ahaadeeth to this one)
/econdly: The evidences that encourage fasting the three days on the t#o
days of Monday and Thursday
;) Abdullah Ibn Am (a) said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) used to fast thee days fom e+ey month) A
Monday fom the be'innin' of the month# then the *husday that followed it
and then the followin' *husdayNN)
$e(oded by An-8asaai (4707) with a Jayyid ('ood) Sanad) Ahmad (;=76)
naated the followin' Laf3h (wodin':+esion)/
LL*he 9o"het (saw) used to fast thee days fom e+ey month/ *husday
fom the be'innin' of the month# the Monday that followed it and then the
Monday that followed thatNN)
=) Umm Salamah (a) said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah odeed the fastin' of thee days/ *he fist
*husday and then the followin' two MondaysNN)
An-8asaai (470H) and Ahmad)
>) Umm Salamah (a) said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) used to fast thee days fom e+ey month/
*he Monday and *husday fom this Jumah (i)e)this week) and then the
followin' MondayNN)
An-8asaai (46=;))
B) 5unaidah Al-2hu3ai naated fom he mothe that/
LLI enteed u"on Umm Salamah and asked he about fastin') She said/ *he
Messen'e of Allah (saw) used to tell me to fast thee days fom e+ey month)
*he fist of them on Monday and *husdayNN)
Abu &aawud (47;4) and Al-<ayha,i) Imam Ahmad (4>D06) e"oted the
followin' Laf3h/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah used to ode me to fast thee days fom e+ey
month) *he fist of them Monday and (then) Fiday and *husdayNN)
H) 5afsah the wife of the 9o"het (saw) said/
LL*hat the 9o"het (saw) used to fast thee days fom e+ey month/ Monday#
*husday and then the Monday fom anothe Jumah (week)NN)
Ahmad (4=HH)# Abu &aawud and Al-<ayha,i)
?hoe+e (hooses to fast the thee days in the middle of the month (06
th
# 07
th
and
0;
th
) then this is the best and whoe+e (hooses to fast them on the two days of
Monday and *husday then this is also the best) *hese e+iden(es ae a e"ly to
Maalik who +iewed dislike in s"e(ifyin' the days and I ha+e not seen a Shubhah
&aleel (an e+iden(e to 'i+e +alidity) e.(e"t fo what Muslim (4>77)# Ibn Maa-ah# At-
*imidhi# Ahmad# Ibn 5ibbaan# Ibn 2hu3aimah and Al-<ayha,i e"oted fom
Muaadhah Al-Adawiyyah that she asked Aaisha (a) the wife of the 9o"het (saw)/
LL&id the Messen'e of Allah (saw) use to fast thee days fom e+ey month@ She
e"lied/ Aes) She (then) asked/ ?hi(h days of the Month did he fast@ She e"lied/ I
did not "ay attention whi(h days of the month he would fastNN)
*his 5adeeth and final wod fom Aaisha (a) (an be undestood to be a des(i"tion
of the fastin' of the Messen'e of Allah (saw) in what was nomal and well known fo
him to do) And what was nomal and well known fo him was to fast moe than thee
days in a month so the statement of Aaisha was a des(i"tion of his fastin' in
'eneal and not esti(ted to des(ibin' how o the days he would fast the thee days)
?hen he fasted ten days in a month he would not sti(k to the days of Al-<eed o
Mondays and *husdays and would fast any day he wished to (hoose) *his 5adeeth
is theefoe not ston' enou'h to o""ose the "e+ious Ahaadeeth and in fa(t does
not o""ose them but has athe (ome in a 'eneal way about the e(ommended
fasts) *he "e+ious Ahaadeeth ha+e howe+e (ome in a s"e(ifi( way elated to the
fastin' of thee days in a month)
Fasting Mondays and Thursdays:
*his is the thid kind of e(ommended fastin' and whoe+e "efoms this fast would
fast ei'ht days fom the month) *wo days a week fo the fou weeks of the month)
*hese two days wee e(ommended by the Messen'e of Allah (saw) be(ause these
ae the days in whi(h the a(tions of the se+ants ae bou'ht foth) *he dooways to
Jannah ae o"ened in them and e+ey Muslim is fo'i+en e.(e"t fo the
Mutakhaasimaini and Mutahaa-i3aini and Monday was the day that Al-Mustafaa
(saw) was bon and the day in whi(h the 1uan was e+ealed) *he Muslim is
theefoe +ey ea'e fo his a(tions to 'o foth to his $abb A33a wa Jalla whilst he is
fastin' these two days so that he (an bette a(hie+e the fo'i+eness of Allah) 5ee is
a sele(tion of 8oble Ahaadeeth whi(h mention these "oints/
6) Aaisha (a) said/
LL*he 9o"het (saw) used to "in"oint the days of Monday and *husday fo
fastin'NN)
At-*imidhi (>7;)# Ibn Maa-ah and Ibn 2hu3aimah) In anothe e"ot fom An-
8asaai (40B=)# Ahmad and Ibn 5ibbaan also fom Aaisha (a)/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) use to fast the whole of Shabaan and would
look out fo Mondays and *husdays fo fastin'NN)
7) Usaamah <in Iaid (a) said/
LL*he 9o"het (saw) use to fast Monday and *husday and so he was asked
about that@ So he said/ Meily the a(tions of the se+ants ae bou'ht foth on
Monday and *husdayNN)
Abu &aawud (476=)# Ahmad# Ad-&aaami# Ibn 2hu3aimah and al-<ayha,i) Al-
<ayha,i mentioned that Usaamah was the ,uestione) Ad-&aaami (0>;4)
also e"oted it fom Abu 5uaiah (a))
;) Abu 1ataadah Al-Ansaai (a) said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) was asked about the fastin' of Monday@ So
he said/ %n that day I was bon and on that day I was e+ealed u"onNN)
Muslim (4>;D) and Al-<ayha,i) Ibn 5ibbaan (6=74) naated a lon'e +esion
and Ibn 2hu3aimah (400>) e"oted the followin' Laf3h/
LL?hilst we wee in the (om"any of the Messen'e of Allah (saw) Uma
a""oa(hed us and said/ % 9o"het of Allah (tell me) about the fastin' of
Monday@ 5e e"lied/ It is the day in whi(h I was bon and the day in whi(h I
will dieNN)
=) Abu 5uaiah (a) said/
LL*he 9o"het (saw) use to fast Mondays and *husdays so it was said/ %
Messen'e of Allah (why do) you fast Mondays and *husdays@ 5e e"lied/
%n Monday and *husday Allah (swt) fo'i+es e+ey Muslim e.(e"t fo the
Mutakhaasimaini (two dis"utin' "aties) and Mutahaa-iaini (two abandonin'
"aties)) 5e said/ Until they make u" o efomNN)
Ibn Maa-ah (0>7D) and Ahmad) At-*imidhi naated the followin' Laf3h/
LL*he dooways to Jannah ae o"ened on Monday and *husday so whoe+e
does not asso(iate with Allah will ha+e his sins fo'i+en e.(e"t fo Al-
Mutahaa-iaini) 5e said/ *hese two will be e-e(ted until they make u"NN) 5e
said that this hadeeth is 5asan Saheeh) Muslim (=;77) naation a simila
+esion and Ibn 5ibbaan (6=77) naated/ *he doos to Jannah ae o"ened
e+ey Monday and *husday and the a(tions ae sent foth (dis"layed) e+ey
Monday and *husdayNN) In anothe e"ot fom Muslim (=;7>)/ LL*he
a(tions of Man ae bou'ht foth twi(e in e+ey Jumah (week)/ Monday and
*husday so e+ey belie+e will be fo'i+en e.(e"t fo a se+ant who has a
'ud'e with his bothe) It was said/ Lea+e them o delay them until they
make u"NN)
Fasting /i7 8ays fro" /ha#aal:
It is e(ommended fo the Muslim that afte he has finished the fastin' of $amadhaan
and boken his fast fo !id al-Fit to esume fastin' a'ain in Shawaal) 5e fasts si.
days fom it and whoe+e does that e+ey yea then it is e,ual to fastin' the Saum of
Ad-&ah ((ontinuous)) *his is be(ause the 5asanah is multi"lied by ten and one day
is like ten days) $amadhaan is e,ual to ten months and si. days is e,ual to si.ty
days (two months) theefoe the fastin' of $amadhaan and the si. days of Shawaal
ae e,ual to the fastin' of twel+e months whi(h is an entie yea)
It is not obli'atoy to fast these days as soon as !id has "assed -ust as it is not
obli'atoy to fast them as a (ontinuous blo(k) All that has been (onfimed is that si.
days fom the month of Shawaal ae e,uied meanin' (any) si. fom the month as a
whole) *he followin' ae a (olle(tion of Ahaadeeth that deal with this issue/
>) Abu Ayub Al-Ansaai (a) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LL?hoe+e fasts $amadhaan and then follows that with si. fom Shawaal
it is like he has "ayed Siyaam Ad-&ah (the (ontinuous fast)NN)
Muslim (4>;B)# Abu &aawud# Ahmad# At-*imidhi# Ibn Maa-ah# Ibn
5ibbaan and Ad-&aaami) Al-<a33aa (0D=D) naated it fom Abu
5uaiah (a))
B) *hawbaan said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LL*he fastin' of $amadhaan is e,ual to ten months and si. fom
Shawaal e,ual two months so to'ethe they ae e,ual to a yea of
fastin'NN)
An-8asaai (4B>6) in As-Sunan Al-2ubaa) Ibn Maa-ah# Ahmad# Ad-
&aaami# Ibn 5ibbaan and Al-<ayha,i naated it) *he Laf3h of Ibn
Maa-ah (0>0;) is/
LL?hoe+e fasts si. days afte !id ul-Fit has (om"leted the yea#
whoe+e "efoms a 5asanah will 'et ten times its wothNN) Its (hain is
Saheeh)
*he meanin's of these naations ae (om"letely (lea and Ash-Shaafi# Ahmad and
&aawud +iew the fastin' of si. days in the month of Shawaal as Mustahabb
(e(ommended)) *his has also been e"oted fom Ash-Shabi and Maymoon <in
Mahaan)
In (ontast Abu 5aneefah and Maalik ha+e +iewed the fastin' of these si. days to be
Makooh (disliked)) In Al-Muwatta the followin' is stated/ (Meily he E Imaam Maalik
E did not see anyone fom amon'st the "eo"le of knowled'e and fi,h fastin' it) It did
not ea(h me fom any of the Salaf ("ede(essos) and that the "eo"le of knowled'e
dislike it and fea its inno+ation (bida)) *o atta(h somethin' to $amadhaan whi(h is
not "at of it is fom the "eo"le of i'noan(e) If thee had been a $uksha with the
"eo"le of knowled'e you would ha+e seen them doin' it))
I find the +iew that fastin' si. days fom Shawaal is disliked held by the two Imaams
Abu 5aneefah and Maalik su"isin' due to the stikin'ly (lea te.ts that make its
"efoman(e e(ommended) As fo the +iews of Maalik e'adin' that he had not
seen the "eo"le of knowled'e "efomin' it and that maybe "eo"le of i'noan(e had
atta(hed it to $amadhaan and what both Abu 5aneefah and Maalik +iewed about it
bein' disliked and that maybe "eo"le has thou'ht that it was obli'atoy) All of these
statements and +iews ae in o""osition to the te.ts and theefoe no attention (an be
'i+en to them) *his a'ument is weak and easy to e"el and theefoe does not
e,uie futhe time) May Allah fo'i+e these two 'eat Imaams)
Fasting in the /acred Months (1shhur 1l.uru"):
*he sa(ed months ae Muhaam# $a-ab# &hul 1adah and &hul 5i--ah) *he
(ommands of the 9o"het (saw) ha+e (ome (ontainin' an en(oua'ement to fast in
these months) Abu Mu-eebah Al-<aahily said fom his fathe o un(le that he said/
LLI a""oa(hed the 9o"het (saw) and said/ % Messen'e of Allah I am the man who
(ame to you in the fist yea) 5e (saw) said/ ?hats the matte# I see that you body
has be(ome thin@ 5e $e"lied/ % Messen'e of Allah I ha+e not eaten food in the day
time but only at ni'ht) 5e (saw)/ ?hats the matte with you that you totue youself@
I said/ % Messen'e of Allah I am ston'e (i)e) (a"able) 5e (saw) said/ Fast the
month of As-Sab ($amadhaan)# thee days afte that and the sa(ed monthsNN)
Ibn Maa-ah (0>70)) Abu &aawud (474^ naated/ LL)))fast fom the sa(ed (months)
and then lea+e
# fast fom the sa(ed and then lea+e it# fast fom the sa(ed and then lea+e it) 5e
said it whilst "uttin' thee fin'es to'ethe and then se"aatin' themNN) Imaam
Ahmad (4D;BH) naated the followin' Laf3h (wodin')/ LL)))5e said/ I said/ I find that
I ha+e the sten'th and I lo+e to in(ease u"on myself/ 5e (saw)/ then (fast) fom al-
5uum (sa(ed months) and then lea+e itNN)
19) The fasting in the "onth of Muharra":
?hoe+e would like to fast the best fast afte that of the month of $amadhaan then
let him fast in the month of Allah Al-Muhaam) Fastin' one day in this month is bette
than any day of the days of the yea) *his does not mean that it (an(els o endes
in+alid any of the fastin' that the Shaa has made "efeential but athe it is an
a(knowled'ment of it and its meits) It does not take anythin' fom the fastin' of
thee days in a month# the fastin' of Monday and *husday o the day of Aafah on
the H
th
of &hul-5i--ah fo e.am"le) A(knowled'in' a thin' does not ne(essaily mean
that it is at the e."ense of somethin' else) %u statement that the fastin' in
Muhaam is the best Siyaam means that the Month of Muhaam is the best month
fom amon'st the months to fast in and the othe fasts emain as they ae in tems of
meit) In the 0D
th
day of this month s"e(ifi(ally is the day of Aashooaa and fastin' it
is e."iation (2affaaah) fo the whole yea "e(edin' it) *he followin' is a (olle(tion
of e+iden(es that mention the meits of fastin' in this month/
d) Abu 5uaiah (a) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LL*he best fast afte $amadhaan is the month of Allah Al-Muhaam)))NN
Muslim (4>;;)# Abu &aawud# An-8asaai# Ad-&aaami# At-*imidhi# Ibn
Maa-ah and Ahmad) At-*abaaani (0=H;:4) in Al-Mu-am Al-2abee naated
the 5adeeth fom Jundub bin Sufyaan)
e) Abu 5uaiah (a) said/
LL5e said/ It was asked/ ?hi(h Salaah is the best@ And whi(h fast is best
afte the month of $amdhaan@ So he said/ *he best Salaah afte the
obli'atoy fasts is the "aye in the de"ths of the ni'ht and the best fast afte
$amadhaan is the fastin' in the month of Al-MuhaamNN)
Muslim (4>;=)# An-8asaai and Ahmad)
f) 8umaan bin Sad naated fom Ali (a) who said/
LLA man asked him so he said/ ?hi(h month to you ode me to fast afte
$amadhaan@ 5e e"lied/ If you ae fastin' afte $amadhaan then fast the
month of Al-Muhaam be(ause it is Allahs month and in it is a day that 5is
*aubah is o+e a "eo"le (nation) and theis is o+e othe "eo"leNN)
At-*imidhi (>6B) 5e said it is a 5asan Ghaeeb hadeeth and Al-Mundhii
a'eed that it is 5asan) Ahmad naated (066;) the followin' Laf3h/
LLFom Ali who said/ A man (ame to the 9o"het (saw) and said/ %
Messen'e of Allah# tell me of a month that I (an fast afte $amadhaan@ *he
Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/ If you ae 'oin' to fast a month afte
$amadhaan then fast Al-Muhaam# be(ause it is the month of Allah and in it
is a day whee 5is *aubah is o+e a "eo"le (nation) and theis is o+e
othesNN) Ad-&aaami naated it a sli'htly diffeent +esion)
') Abu 1ataadah (a) said/
LL*he fastin' of Aashooah is an e."iation (kaffaaaah) fo the "e(edin'
yea and the fastin' of _Aafah is 2affaaah fo two yeas/ *he yea befoe
and the yea (omin'NN)
An-8asaai (4BDH) in As-Sunan Al-2ubaa# Ibn Abi Shaibah# Abu &aawud#
Ahmad# Al-<ayha,i and Ibn 5ibbaan)
Moe e."lanation will be "o+ided late with Allahs will in a se(tion about the fastin'
of Aashooah)
&) Fasting nine fro" 8hul i''ah:
In elation to fastin' the fist nine days of &hul 5i--ah then Al-Amal As-Saalih (the
i'hteous a(tion) of whi(h fastin' is in(luded is bette in this nine days than Jihaad in
the way of Allah e.(e"t that a Mu-aahid e."ends his body and wealth in it) Allah (swt)
has swon by the ten ni'hts of &hul 5i--ah in the fist fou ayaat of Suah Al-Fa-/
) ( ) ( ) ( ) )
By the Dawn (1) And ten nights, (2) And the Even and the Odd, (3) And the
night when it departs(4)
Imaam Ahmad (07;=;)# An-8asaai# Al-<a33aa# At-*abai# Ibn ul-Mundhi# Al-
<ayha,i and Al-5aakim who +eified it as Saheeh naated fom Jaabi (a) that the
9o"het (saw) said/
LLMeily the ten ae the ten of Al-Adhaa (&hul 5i--ah)# the ?it (odd) is the day of
Aafah and the Shafi (e+en) is the day of slau'htein'NN)
*he followin' ae a (olle(tion of 5adeeth that en(oua'e the in(ease of 'ood
a(tions in it in(ludin' As-Sawm/
() Ibn Abbaas (a) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LL*hee ae no days in whi(h the i'hteous a(ts ae moe belo+ed to Allah
than in these days# meanin' the ten (of &hul 5i--ah)) *hey asked/ %
Messen'e of Allah (saw)# not e+en Jihaad in 5is (swt) way@ 5e (saw)
e"lied/ 8ot e+en Jihaad in the way of Allah e.(e"t fo the man that 'oes out
with his life and his money and does not etun with eithe of themNN)
Ibn Maa-ah (0>4>)# Abu &aawud# Ahmad# Ad-&aaami and Al-<ayha,i) At-
*imidhi said that this hadeeth is/ 5asan Ghaeeb Saheeh) At-*abaaani
(0>>>) in al-Mu-am Al-Awsat naated it fom Ibn Masood (a) and (76HB)
fom Abu 1ataadah (a))
d) 5unaidah bin 2haalid naated fom his wife fom some of the wi+es of the
9o"het (saw)/
LL*hat the Messen'e of Allah use to fast nine fom &hul 5i--ah# the day of
Aashooah and thee days fom e+ey month/ *he fist Monday and the
followin' two *husdaysNN)
An-8asaai (470>)) Imaam Ahmad (4=HH0) naated the followin' Laf3h/ *hat
5afsah (a) said/
LL*hee ae fou a(tions that the 9o"het (saw) did not lea+e/ the fast of
Aashooah# the ten (days of &hul 5i--ah)# thee days fom e+ey month and
two $akah befoe al-GhadaaNN)
Abu &aawud (476>) naated/ LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) would fast the
nine days of &hul 5i--ah# the day of Aashooah# thee days fom e+ey month/
the fist Monday of the month and *husdayNN)
In elation to what was naated fom Aaisha (a) that/ LLI did not see the
Messen'e of Allah (saw) fastin' in the ten (days of &hul 5i--ah) at allNN e(oded by
Muslim (4>BH)# Abu &aawud# An-8asaai# At-*imidhi# Ibn Maa-ah and Ahmad) *hen
this efle(ts the e.tent of the knowled'e of Aaisha (a) in this issue) 5e statement is
ne'atin' wheeas the othe Ahaadeeth ae affimin' and the affimation (Ithbaat) is
always ston'e than the ne'ation (8afy)) *he one who saw and knew about a thin'
has a "oof o+e the one who did not see o know about it and theefoe this hadeeth
(annot abo'ate the Ahaadeeth whi(h affim the fastin' in these ten days)
)) Fasting in (a'ab:
$a-ab is one of the sa(ed months and due to this fastin' is Mandoob
(e(ommended) in it and we ha+e "e+iously mentioned the e+iden(es that (all fo
and en(oua'e fastin' in the sa(ed months and $a-ab is one of them) As fo those
Ahaadeeth that ha+e been e"oted indi(atin' that it is Mandoob to fast in $a-ab and
othes that say that it is fobidden all of these ae &aeef and weak not dese+in' any
e'ad) Fo instan(e it was e"oted that Ibn Abbaas (a) said/ L*he 9o"het (saw)
fobade the fastin' in $a-abN naated by Ibn Maa-ah (0>76)) *he Isnaad ((hain)
in(ludes &aawud bin Ataa and his weakness has been a'eed u"on) Also by
e.am"le# it has been naated fom 2haasha bin Al-5u who said that Uma (a)
"unished those who fasted in $a-ab and said/ $a-ab is the month whi(h the "eo"le of
Jaahiliyah use to make 'eat and when Islaam (ame it was leftN) 8aated by At-
*abaaani in al-Mu-am alAwsat (>=64) and Al-5aithami said/ In this (hain is Al-
5asan <in 5ablah and I ha+e not found any mention of himN and theefoe the
Isnaad (ontains a Ma-hool (unknown) naato) *hee is also what was naated fom
Abu 5uaiah (a) that/ L*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) did not (om"lete a month of
fastin' afte $amadhaan e.(e"t fo $a-ab and ShabaanN whi(h was also naated
by At-*abaaani (H70B) in Al-Mu-am Al-Awsat and Al-5aithami said/ *his 5adeeth
in(ludes Aousuf <in Atiyah As-Saffaa and he is weak) *hee ae many othe
Ahaadeeth elated to fastin' in $a-ab like these but all of them ae weak and ae not
suitable to be elied u"on)
,) Fasting in 8hul Qa!dah:
Fastin' in &hul 1adah is Mandoob due to the Ahaadeeth that en(oua'e fastin' in
the sa(ed months of whi(h &hul 1adah is one of them) *hee ae no Ahaadeeth
whi(h ae Saheeh# 5asan o &aeef that s"e(ifi(ally en(oua'e the fastin' in this
month)
Fasting the day of :1rafah:

Aafah is the H
th
day of &hul 5i--ah and fastin' on this day is bette than fastin' any
othe day of the yea with the only e.(e"tion bein' the fasts of $amadhaan) It is a
2affaaah (e."iation) fo the yea befoe it and the yea afte it and thee is no doubt
that this is a 'eat fa+ou and sou(e of bountiful 'oodness) All of the Fu,ahaa and
Ulamaa ha+e said that it is Mustahabb (e(ommended) and none ha+e (ontadi(ted
this +iew) *his e(ommendation is only elated to those who ae not "efomin' 5a--
and as fo the 5u--aa- thee ae two diffeent o"inions in elation to them/ Imaam Abu
5aneefah# Maalik# Ash-Shaafi and Sufyaan Ath-*hawi held the +iew that it is
e(ommended fo those at Aafah to efain fom Fastin') *his o"inion has also been
attibuted to Abu <ak# Uma# Uthmaan and Ibn Uma (ah)) 5owe+e Imaam
Ahmad# Al-5asan Al-<asi# 1ataadah and Al-2hitaabi and Al-Mutawali fom the
Shaafii madhhab held that it is e(ommended fo the one "efomin' 5a-- to fast if he
has the (a"ability and this does not weaken o dista(t fom the e,uied
(on(entation on makin' &ua and &hik) It has been e"oted that Aaiasha#
Usaamah bin Iaid and Abdullah ibn Iubai all fasted the day of Aafah whilst they
wee 5u--aa-) At-*abai said/ L*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) only boke his fast
(abstained fom fastin') on the day of Aafah to show the (hoi(e of the 5aa-i in
Makkah so that he is not weakened fom makin' the &ua and &hik that is e,uied
at AafahN)
*he followin' ae a sele(tion of e+iden(es whi(h elate to this issue/
;) Abu 1ataadah (a) said/
LLA man (ame to the 9o"het (saw) and asked him/ 5ow do you fast@ So the
Messen'e of Allah (saw) be(ame an'y by his wods))) E and the 5adeeth
then mentions E *hen the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/ *hee days fom
e+ey month# $amadhaan to $amadhaan and this is e,ual to the Siyaam Ad-
&ah (the (ontinuous fastin')# the fastin' of the day of Aafah whi(h Allah
(ounts as 2affaaah fo the "e(edin' and (omin' yea and fastin' the day of
Aashooah whi(h is 2affaaah fo the "e+ious yeaNN)
Muslim (4>7=)# Abu &aawud# An-8asaai and At-*imidhi) Ahmad (44H;B)
e"oted the followin' +esion/ L)))the fast of Aafah is 2afaaah fo two yeas#
the "ast yea and the futue one and the fast of Aashooah is a 2afaaah fo
one yeaN)
=) Sahl bin Sad said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LL?hoe+e fasts the day of Aafah his sins fo two (ontinuous yeas ae
fo'i+enNN)
At-*abaaani in Al-Mu-am Al-2abee (;H46:=)# Ibn Abi Shaibah and Abu
Aalaa) Al-5aithami said/ *he "eo"le of Abu Aalaa ae Saheeh)
>) Abu 5uaiah (a) said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah fobade the fastin' of Aafah at AafahNN)
An-8asaai (4B76)# Abu &aawud# Ibn 5ibbaan# Ibn Maa-ah and Ahmad) Ibn
2hu3aimah and Al-5aakim naated it and +eified it as Saheeh) *he Isnaad
in(ludes Mahdi Al-Abdi and Ibn Moeen said/ 5e is unknown to him) Ibn
5ibbaan mentioned his name in the *hi,aat (tustwothy "eo"le) and Ibn
2hu3aimah finds naations fom him sound and theefoe this hadeeth (an
be used as an e+iden(e)
B) Umm Al-Fadl (a) said/
LL*he (om"anions of the Messen'e of Allah (saw) had doubt (on(enin'
fastin' the day of Aafah and we wee with him on that day) I sent him a (u"
of milk and he was haltin' at PAafah# and he dank thatNN)
Muslim (4=6;)# Ibn 5ibbaan#Abu &aawud and Ahmed) *hee is anothe
simila naation fom Muslim (4=64) and Al-<ukhaai (0HHB)/ L I sent a (u" of
milk to him while he was idin' his (amel at PAafah# and he dank itN)
H) Maymoonah (a) said/
LL9eo"le had doubt about the fastin' of AllahPs Messen'e (saw) on the day
of PAafah) I sent him a (u" of milk and he was haltin' at a "la(e and he dank
it and the "eo"le wee wat(hin'NN)
Al-<ukhaai (0HBH)# Muslim# Ibn 5ibbaan and Al-<ayha,i) Maymoonah is the
dau'hte of Al-5aaith the wife of the Messen'e of Allah (saw)# the aunty of
Ibn Abbaas and siste of his mothe Umm Al-Fadl who naated the "e+ious
5adeeth) In elation to this Ibn 5ibbaan said/ In the faewell "il'ima'e the
wi+es of the 9o"het (saw) wee a((om"anyin' him alon' with a 'ou" of
elati+es and it was likely that Maymoonah and Umm Al-Fadl wee to'ethe
when the (ontaine of milk was sent to the 9o"het so that in one naation it
was attibuted to one and in anothe it was attibuted to the othe)
0D) Ubaid ibn Umai said/
LLUma use to fobid the fastin' of the day of AafahNN)
An-8asaai in As-Sunan Al-2ubaa (4B7;))
00) 8aafi said/
LLIbn Uma (a) was asked (on(enin' the fast of Aafah and he said/ *he
9o"het (saw) did not fast the day of Aafah o Abu <ak# Uma and Uthmaan
(ah)NN)
Ahmad (;DBD) and An-8asaai in As-Sunan Al-2ubaa)
04) Abu 8a-eeh said/
LLIbn Uma was asked (on(enin' the fast of Aafah@ 5e said/ I made 5a--
with the 9o"het (saw) and he did not fast it) I made 5a-- with Abu <ak and
he did not fast it# with Uma and he did not fast it and Uthmaan who did not
fast it) And I do not fast it and I do not ode "eo"le o fobid "eo"le fom
doin' itNN)
At-*imidhi (>7B) and he said it is 5asan# Ibn 5ibbaan# Ad-&aaami# An-
8asaai in As-Sunan Al-2ubaa# Abd-u-$a33aa, and At-*ahaawi) Abu
8ahee-s name is Aassaa Al-Makki the Mawla of *ha,eef)
06) Ibn Abbaas (a) said/
LL5is bothe in+ited Ubaidullah on the day of Aafah fo food and he said/ I
am fastin') 5e said/ Aou ae the Imaams and we ae bound by you
-ud'ment) Indeed I saw the Messen'e of Allah (saw) (all fo a (ontaine of
Milk on this day and he dank fom it- Aahya Muah said E ?e ae bound by
the "eo"le of the 5ouseNN)
Ahmad (646H) with a Jayyid ('ood) sanad) At-*abaaani in Al-Mu-am Al-
Awsat (H0B4) naated the followin' Laf3h/
L)))Al-Fadl in+ited on the day of Aafah)))the "eo"le (ae bound to) follow thei
way (Sunnah)N)
*he fist two 5adeeth mention the meit of fastin' Aafah and that it is 2affaaah fo
two yeas and this meanin' has been a'eed u"on without any diffein' o"inion and
what is intended hee is the fastin' of the one who is not on 5a--) ?hat the fu,ahaa
ha+e disa'eed on is elated to fastin' the day whilst "efomin' 5a-- and the (oe(t
+iew whi(h is indi(ated by the se+en followin' e+iden(es is that abstainin' fom
fastin' fo the one at 5a-- is Mustahabb (e(ommended) and not fastin') *he o"inion
that it is e(ommended fo the one in 5a-- on the day of Aafah at Aafah to fast is
in(oe(t be(ause the Messen'e of Allah (saw) fobade its fastin' (*he Messen'e
of Allah (saw) fobade fastin' the day of Aafah whilst at Aafah)) *hee has not
been e"oted a abo'ation to this 5adeeth o anythin' that disa'ees and o""oses it
in meanin' and theefoe the 5ukm of "ohibition has been established and it is not
(oe(t fo thee to be disa'eement) *he emainin' e+iden(es all su""ot and fimly
establish this 5ukm (-ud'ment)) *he 9o"het (saw) followed his s"ee(h with a(tion
when he boke his fast (o ate) on the day of Aafah so his (saw) a(tion and
statement einfo(e and su""ot ea(h othe) *hee does not emain any "oof fo
those who say that the fastin' of Aafah is Mustahabb (e(ommended))
If we (onside in ou minds that the fastin' of the day of Aafah e."iates (the sins)
fo two yeas and that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) did not fast it and his Sahaabah
Abu <ak# Uma and Uthmaan likewise did not fast it then to'ethe this die(ts us to
the fa(t that abstainin' fom fastin' is s"e(ified fo the one on 5aa- and that it is
e(ommended) And it was not fo the Messen'e of Allah (saw) to make 5aaam o
"e+ent the Muslims fom the 2hai of this fast if this a(tion had been one of
*akhyee ((hoi(e)) In that (ase whi(h fom amon'st the Sahaabah would ha+e
(hosen to abstain fom fastin' and lea+e the ewad of two yeas of 2affaaah fo
thei sins had abstainin' eally been a eal (hoi(e and had it not been Mustahabb
and bette fo themC And when did the Messen'e of Allah (saw) and the Sahaabah
(ah) (olle(ti+ely lea+e a Mandoob a(tion# only if "eha"s with a 'eate Mandoob@C
*heefoe the Messen'e of Allah (saw) and his Sahaabah (ah) would not ha+e
abstained fom fastin' e.(e"t if this Iftaa (abstention) (aied the wei'ht of bein'
e(ommended and not the "efoman(e of the fast)
As fo the o"inion that says fastin' is bette e.(e"t fo those who will be weakened
by that in thei "efoman(e of makin' &ua and &hik on the day of Aafah in whi(h
(ase it is bette to efain# it has no daleel (e+iden(e) to su""ot it) It is an
inte"etation (taweel) and easonin' (taleel) that has no te.t to su""ot it and
theefoe has no +alue o e'ad) So in (on(lusion I say/ *he fastin' of the day of
Aafah fo the one not on 5a-- is Mandoob and abstainin' on the day of Aafah fo
the one on 5a-- is Mandoob)
The fasting of :1ashoorah:
*his fast is in the ne.t in "osition and standin' afte that of Aafah) *his is be(ause
the fast of Aafah is a 2affaaah fo two yeas whilst the fast fo Aashooah is an
e."iation fo one yea) *he e."iation of one yea of sins in doubt bin's a lot of 'ood
and is a 'eat fa+ou whi(h the Muslim will make 'eat effots to fast so that his sins
that he had (ommitted fo a yea (ould be eased) *his is es"e(ially so in ou "esent
time whee the &een has made 5i-ah and be(ome stan'e and all ty"es of
disobedien(es# e+il and u'ly thin's ha+e be(ome wides"ead) *his has ea(hed the
"oint whee the one who wishes to sti(k to his &een (an hadly find a "la(e on this
eath whee he (an find (omfot and tan,uillity and "ese+e his deen findin'
se(uity fom e+il and sins)
Aashooah has been mentioned in the followin' e"ots/
d) Abu 1ataadh (a) e"oted fom the Messen'e of Allah (saw) that he said/
LL*he fast of Aashooah is a 2affaaah fo the "ast yea and the fast i`of
Aafah is a 2affaaah fo two yeas# the "ast and the futueNN)
An-8asaai in As-Sunan Al-2ubaa (4BDH)# Ahmad# Al-<ayha,i# Abu &aawud
and Ibn 5ibbaan) Ibn Maa-ah (0>6B) and Abd u-$a33aa, naated/ L *he
fastin' of Aashooah whi(h I e."e(t that Allah e."iates fo it the "e(edin'
yeaN) At-*imidhi (>7H) naated it and said/ Ahmad and Isha, 'o with the
5adeeth of Abu 1ataadah) 9e+iously we mentioned a hadeeth fom Abu
1ataadah e(oded by Muslim and othes and is found in <and 0 in the
sub-e(t of fastin' the day of Aafah) It in(ludes in it/ L)))And the Fastin' of
Aashooah whi(h I e."e(t that Allah e."iates the "edein' yea fo itN)
e) Ibn Abbaas (a) said/
LLI ha+e not seen the Messen'e of Allah (saw) "usue any day fo fastin'
that he "efeed e.(e"t fo this day# the day of Aashooah# and this month#
meanin' the month of $amadhaanNN)
Al-<ukhaai (4DD=)# Muslim# An-8asaai and Ahmad)
Aashooah is the tenth day of the month of Allah Al-Muhaam a((odin' to the
Saheeh) *his is what the ma-oity of the Ulamaa ha+e 'one with and not the ninth
whi(h a few ha+e +iewed) *he wod Aashooah means the tenth day followin' the
oot namin' and the ninth day is (alled *aasuaaa) *he hadeeth indi(ates this fom
Abdullah ibn Abbaas (a) when he said/ L*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) odeed the
fastin' of Aashooah# the tenth dayN) At-*imidhi (>;4) naated it and said the
5adeeth of Ibn Abbaas is 5asan Saheeh) And Aaisha (a) said/ L*hat the 9o"het
(saw) odeed the fastin' of Aashooah# the tenth dayN and this was e(oded by Al-
<a33aa (0D;0) and Al-5aithami said its "eo"le (naatos) ae amon'st the Saheeh)
*hese two 5adeeth indi(ate by thei Mantoo, (te.tual meanin') that Aashooah is
the tenth day) And Ibn Abbaas also said/ *hat the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LLIf I emain (i)e) am still ali+e) the (omin' yea I will indeed fast the ninthNN and in a
naation fom Abu <ak (a) he said/ Meanin' the day of Aashooah) Muslim (4==>)#
Ahmad and Al-<ayha,i e(oded this hadeeth) Muslim also e(oded (4===) alon'
with Abu &aawud fom him/ LL)))*hey said/ % Messen'e of Allah# this is a day that
the Jews and Fhistians make 'eat so the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/ And when
it (omes to the followin' yea we will InshaAllah fast the ninth day) 5e said/ *he
followin' yea did not (ome until afte the "assin' of the Messen'e of Allah (saw)NN)
*his 5adeeth also indi(ates that Aashooah is the tenth day and not the ninth like
some of the Fu,ahaa ha+e ima'ined) *his is be(ause the Messen'e of Allah (saw)
us to fast the day of Aashooah like the 8usoos (tests) ha+e established and this
hadeeth says that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) intended to fast the ninth e.(e"t that
he "assed away befoe he (ould do so) 5e theefoe did not fast it whi(h indi(ates in
a "oweful and (lea manne that the tenth was the day whi(h the Messen'e of Allah
(saw) use to fast) *he Messen'e of Allah (saw) did not fast the ninth Mutla,an (at
all)) Ibn Maa-ah (0>6=) (ame with the followin' Laf3h e."lainin' the illa (eason)
e."lainin' fastin' the ninth day of the followin' yea/ LIf I (saw) emain until ne.t yea
I will fast the ninth) Abu Ali said/ Ahmad e"oted it fom Ibn Abi &hib with the
addition/ Feain' that Aashooah will be missedN) So he Alaihi As-Salaam intended
to fast the ninth also only as a "e(aution) As fo what Al-5akam bin Al-Aaa-
naated fom Ibn Abbaas (a) that he said/ L?hen you see the moon of Al-
Muhaam then be'in to (ount (the days) and on the ninth awake fastin') 5e said/ Is
this how the Messen'e of Allah (saw) fasted it@ 5e e"lied/ AesN) Muslim (4==7)#
An-8asaai# Abu &aawud# At-*imidhi# Ahmad# Ibn 5ibbaan and Ibn 2hu3aimah
naated it) If we take it in its liteal and manifest fom without inte"etation then we
would say that it (ontadi(ts many Ahaadeeth) 5owe+e taweel (inte"etin') in this
situation is bette if it leads to not e-e(tin' any of them so based on taweel we say/
Ibn Abbaas (a) also naated that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) had intended to also
fast the ninth of the month and he (saw) "assed away befoe fulfillin' his intention
and so it be(ame the undestandin' of Ibn Abbaas that the fastin' of Aashooah
be'ins on the ninth and that this is what had be(ome le'islated by the Messen'e
(saw) and theefoe fom this time he would 'i+e his +edi(t in line with that
undestandin') In this HLast) hadeeth Ibn Abbaas 'a+e a +edi(t (fatwa) with this
5ukm (ulin') / LIf you see the moon of Al-Muhaam stat (ountin' (the &ays)# and
wake on the ninth fastin'N) *hee is nothin' in this +edi(t whi(h is diffeent fom
what we all say) 5owe+e the ,uestione wanted to make sue that it was not -ust an
I-tihaad fom Ibn Abbaas but a "o"heti( le'islation) So 5e asked/ is this how the
Messen'e of Allah (saw) fasted it@ And 5e meant by this that he (saw) le'islated it
and so the answe (ame fom Ibn Abbaas/ Aes) *he "oblem hee has aisen fom
the ,uestione sayin' his fast and if he had said (ommanded its fast o le'islated
its fast then thee would not ha+e been a "oblem) And with this inte"etation we
ha+e been able to wok with all of the e+iden(es to'ethe and ha+e emo+ed fom
what thee a""eaed to be in tems of (ontadi(tion and diffeen(e)
Just as fastin' the ninth was le'islated as a "e(aution as mention in the e"ot of Ibn
Maa-ah# the le'islation (ame with anothe Illah (eason) whi(h (ould "ossibly be said
to be the basis (of the ulin') and moe si'nifi(ant) *his is that the Jews use to fast
the day of Aashooah and the e."lanation of that will (ome shotly and the
Messen'e of Allah (saw) use to always en(oua'e the Muslims to be diffeent fom
the Jews and Fhistians) 5e theefoe wanted to fast a day befoe it o afte it in ode
to (om"lete the diffeen(e) Ahmad (40;7) and Al-<ayha,i naated fom Ibn Abbaas
(a) who said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/ LLFast the day of Aashooah
and be diffeent fom the Jews in it# fast a day befoe it o a day afte itNN) So the
le'islation to fast the ninth (ame only as a "oint of diffeen(e with the Jews and not
fo its own si'nifi(an(e and it not (ome that this day was Aashooah and if it had
then thee would not ha+e been a dis"ute) *his hadeeth theefoe sten'thens ou
undestandin' that the tenth day has been "ati(ulaly s"e(ified and that the ninth
day has been added to it) $e(on(ilin' these 5adeeth that seem to be in o""osition to
ea(h othe "o+ides (omfot to the heats and o"ens the beasts) ?al 5amdu Lillahi
$abbil Aalameen)
As fo the eason fo the le'islatin' of the day of Aashooah fo fastin'# it has been
mentioned in a numbe of Ahaadeeth of whi(h we ha+e sele(ted the followin'/
>) Ibn Abbaas (a) said/
LL*he 9o"het (saw) ai+ed in Al-Madinah and he saw the Jews fastin' the
day of Aashooah and asked/ ?hat is this@ *hey said/ *his is a i'hteous
day# the day in whi(h Allah sa+ed <ani Isaaeel fom thei enemy and Moosa
use to fast it) 5e (saw) said/ I am (lose to Moosa than all of you so he fasted
it and odeed the Muslims to fast itNN)
Al-<ukhaai (4DD7)# Muslim# Abu &aawud# Ibn Maa-ah# An-8asaai# Ahmad
and Ad-&aaami)
B) Abu Moosa (a) said/
LL*he "eo"le of 2haiba use to fast Aashooah# they teated it as an !id
whee the women would dess u" with -ewelley so the Messen'e of Allah
(saw) said/ Aou should fast itNN)
$e"oted by Muslim (4==0)) Al-<ukhaai naated the followin' Laf3h (4DD;) /
L*he Jews use to (ount the day %f Aashooah as an !id and the 9o"het
(saw) told us to fast itN)
*he Messen'e (saw) le'islated fo us the fastin' of the day of Aashooah be(ause
Allah (swt) sa+ed his 9o"het Moosa on this day fom Fiawn) Moosa fasted it as
Shuk (thanks and 'atitude) so the Messen'e (saw) also odeed us to fast it)
The Fasting of /ha!baan:
It is not known about the Messen'e of Allah (saw) that he fasted moe in a month
outside of $amadhaan than in Shabaan) Meily he used to fast +itually the whole of
the month so it is e(ommended on the Muslims to make e.ta fasts in this month)
5ee is a sele(tion of 5adeeth that deal with this issue/
;) Umm Salamah (a) said/
LLI ha+e not seen the Messen'e of Allah (saw) fast two (onse(uti+e months
e.(e"t that he would -oin Shabaan with $amadhaanNN)
An-8asaai in As-Sunan Al-2ubaa (47H=)# Abu &aawud# At-*imidhi# Ibn
Maa-ah and Ahmad all naated it)
=) Abu Salamah said/
LL I asked Aaisha (a) about the fastin' of the Messen'e of Allah (saw)@
She said/ 5e use to fast until we would say that he has fasted and would
abstain until we would say he has abstained and I ha+e ne+e on(e seen him
fast in a month moe than in Shabaan) 5e would fast the whole of Shabaan#
the whole month e.(e"t a littleNN)
Muslim (4>44)# Al-<ukhaai# Abu &aawud# An-8asaai# Ibn Maa-ah and
Ahmad all e(oded this 5adeeth)
>) Aaisha (a) said/
LL*he most belo+ed of months to the Messen'e (saw) fo fastin' was that of
Shabaan# he would (onne(t it to $amadhaanNN)
An-8asaai (4===)# Ahmad and At-*abaaani in Al-Mu-am Al-2abee)
B) Usaamah bin Iaid (a) said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) use to fast the days (ontinuously until it was
said/ 5e does not abstain) 5e would then abstain fom fastin' so that he
maybe only fasted two days fom a week if they wee fom his fastin' he
would fast them) 5e did not fast as mu(h in the months as he did in Shabaan
so I asked/ % Messen'e of Allah/ Meily you fast as if you will not beak it and
abstain until it seems like you dont fast e.(e"t fo two days whi(h if they
ente u"on you fast you would ha+e fasted them) 5e asked/ ?hi(h two
days@ I es"onded Monday and *husday) 5e (saw) said/ *hese ae the two
days in whi(h the a(tions and deeds ae dis"layed to the Lod of the wolds
and I lo+e that my a(tions ae sent foth whilst I am fastin') I said/ I do not see
you fastin' in the months as mu(h as you do in Shabaan@ 5e (saw) said/
*his is the month that the "eo"le ae ne'le(tful ((aeless) of between $a-ab
and $amadhaan and it is the Month in whi(h the a(tions ae aised u" to the
Lod of the wolds so I lo+e that my a(tions ae aised whilst I am fastin'NN)
$e(oded by Ahmad (44DH=) and by Abu Shaibah (;07:4) with a sli'ht
+aiation /L)))I lo+e that my a(tions ae aised only when I am fastin'N)
*he Fu,ahaa ha+e disa'eed in elation to the ulin' (on(enin' fastin' the se(ond
half of the month of Shabaan) *he ma-oity of the Ulamaa ha+e "emitted the fastin'
in the se(ond half of Shabaan# e+en if it wasnt "e"aed and it didnt -oin with the
fist half# and this was not disliked e.(e"t fo the fastin' of the day of Shakk (doubt))
Many of the followes of the Shaafi Madhhab howe+e +iewed it fobidden to fast
e(ommended fasts in the last half of the month and this "e+ention stats on the 0=
th

of the month)
*hose who fobade it elied on the e+iden(e of what was e"oted fom Alaa bin
Abdu $ahman bin Aa(oob fom his fathe Abu 5uaiah (a) who said that the
Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/ LL?hen it ea(hes the half way "oint of Shabaan
then do not fast (a'ain) until $amadhaan (omesNN) Folle(ted by Ibn Maa-ah (0=;0)#
An-8asaai# Abu &aawud# At-*imidhi# Ibn 5ibbaan# Ahmad and Ad-&aaami) Ibn
5a3m# At-*imidhi and Ibn Abi al-<i +eified that it is Saheeh) *he es"onse to this
+iew is the followin'/
0=) *his 5adeeth has only been mentioned fom Alaa bin Abdu $ahman and Ibn
Moeen has said that he is weak (&aeef) when he said that/ 5is 5adeeth ae
not a "oof (le'al e+iden(e) and also/ 5e does not ha+e sten'th and Abu
&aawud said/ <ased on Alaa they ha+e ne'ated the fastin' of Shabaan) %n
the othe hand Ibn 5ibbaan# An-8asaai and Ahmad find him tustwothy so
his status as a naato is diffeed u"on)
0>) *his 5adeeth in itself has been +iewed as &aeef by Ahmad and Aahya bin
Moeen with thei statement that the 5adeeth is Munka (e-e(ted) -ust as al-
<ayha,i# At-*ahaawi and Abd u $ahman bin Mahdi also +iewed it as weak)
0B) *his hadeeth o""oses many othe saheeh Ahaadeeth whi(h state that the
Messen'e of Allah (saw) use to fast most of Shabaan and that he would -oin
Shabaan with $amadhaan and we ha+e mentioned many of these and it is
not "ossible to e(on(ile and -oin them with the meanin' of this hadeeth)
So in the (ase of a hadeeth like this whee a naato who has not been a'eed u"on
in tems of his soundness and what he has (ome with 'oes a'ainst the meanin' of
many othe Saheeh Ahaadeeth then the ulin' on it is e-e(tion and not usin' it as an
e+iden(e) <ased on this the ulin' allowin' e(ommended fastin' in the se(ond half
of Shabaan has been affimed with no diffeen(e between it and the fist half of the
month)
As fo the statement of the Ulamaa that it is not disliked e.(e"t on the day of Shakk
(doubt) then what is meant hee is the day in whi(h doubt e.ists in e'ad to whethe
it is the last day of Shabaan o the fist day of $amadhaan) ?e will "esent a 'eate
dis(ussion on the issue of fastin' on the day of Shakk late in the (ha"te *he
fobidden fastin' that is not allowed)
Fasting 15 25 45 ,5 ; and 11 days in the "onth:
?e ha+e aleady dis(ussed the fastin' of thee days in a month as well as the fastin'
of Mondays and *husdays whi(h (ombine to make ei'ht days# and the altenati+e
day fastin' whi(h e,uals fifteen fasts in the month and now we will mention te.ts that
ha+e mentioned othe numbes of days in a month/
;) Abdullah Ibn Amu (a) said that the Mesen'e of Allah (saw) said to him/
LLFast a day then you will ha+e ewad fo what emains) 5e said/ I ha+e the
(a"ability to do moe than that) 5e (saw) e"lied/ Fast two days and then you
will ha+e the ewad of what emains) 5e said/ I (an do moe than that so he
(saw) said/ Fast thee days and you will ha+e the ewad fo what emains) 5e
said/ I (an do moe than that) 5e (saw) said/ Fast fou days and you will ha+e
the ewad fo what emains and 5e said/ I (an do moe than that so 5e (saw)
e"lied/ Fast the best fast in the si'ht of Allah (swt)# the fast of &aawud (as))
5e use to fast a day and then beak fast a dayNN)
8aated by Muslim (4>74) and An-8asaai)
=) Also fom Abdullah Ibn Amu/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) was infomed about my fasts# and he (ame
to me and I s"ead fo him a leathe (ushion stuffed with "alm fies# but he sat
on the 'ound and the (ushion emained between me and him# and then he
said# RIsnPt it suffi(ient fo you to fast thee days a month@R I e"lied# R% AllahPs
A"ostleC (I (an fast moe))R 5e said# RFi+e@R I e"lied# R% Messen'e of Allah
(saw)C (I (an fast moe))R 5e said# RSe+en@R I e"lied# R% AllahPs A"ostleC (I
(an fast moe))R 5e said# R8ine (days "e month)@R I e"lied# R% AllahPs
A"ostleC (I (an fast moe)R 5e said# R!le+en (days "e month)@R And then the
9o"het said# R*hee is no fast su"eio to that of the 9o"het &a+id it was fo
half of the yea) So# fast on altenate days)R
$e(oded by al-<ukhaai (0HBD)# Muslim# Ibn 5ibbaan and An-8asaai) *hee
ha+e (ome many +esions of this 5adeeth and the wod Layaal (ni'hts) was
fe,uently used and the Aabs use to use the wod ni'hts to mean days)
>) And also fom Abdullah ibn Amu (a)/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) was infomed that he (ould stand u" fo
("aye) thou'hout the ni'ht and obse+e fast e+ey day so lon' as he li+ed)
*heeu"on the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/ Is it you who said this@ I said
to him/ Messen'e of Allah) it is I who said that) *heeu"on the Messen'e of
Allah (saw) may "ea(e be u"on him) said/ Aou ae not (a"able enou'h to do
so) %bse+e fast and beak itO slee" and stand fo "aye# and obse+e fast fo
thee days duin' the monthO fo e+ey 'ood is multi"lied ten times and this is
like fastin' fo e+e) I said/ Messen'e of Allah) I am (a"able of doin' moe
than this) *heeu"on he said/ Fast one day and do not fast fo the ne.t two
days) I said/ Messen'e of Allah# I ha+e the sten'th to do moe than that)
*he 5oly 9o"het (saw) said/ Fast one day and beak on the othe day) *hat
is known as the fastin' of &awood (as) and that is the best fastin') I said/ I
am (a"able of doin' moe than this) *heeu"on the Messen'e of Allah (saw)
said/ *hee is nothin' bette than this) PAbdullah b) PAm (a) said/ 5ad I
a((e"ted the thee days (fastin' duin' e+ey month) as the Messen'e of
Allah (saw) had said# it would ha+e been moe dea to me than my family and
my "o"etyNN
$e"oted by Muslim (4>4H) and An-8asaai e"oted the followin' +esion
(Laf3h)/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/ It has ea(hed me that you stand the
ni'hts in "aye and fast the days@ I said/ % Messen'e of Allah (saw) I did
not want anythin' fom doin' this e.(e"t 2hai ('oodness) 5e (saw) said/ *he
one who fasts without sto""in' has not fasted but I will 'uide you to the fast
of Ad-&ah (the (ontinuous fastin')/ *hee days of e+ey month) I said/ o
Messen'e of Allah (saw)/ I an (a"able of doin' moe than that) 5e (saw)
said/ Fast fi+e days) I said/ I (an do moe than that) 5e e"lied/ Fast ten) I
said/ I (an do moe so he said/ Fast the fast of &aawud (as)) 5e use to fast a
day and then abstain fom fastin' a dayNN)
*he fist 5adeeth mentions the ode to fast one day and two days and thee and fou
and the fast of &aawud (as) whi(h is fifteen days (half a month)) *he se(ond
5adeeth (ame with the ode to fast thee# fi+e# se+en# nine and ele+en days) *he
thid 5adeeth mentions thee days# ten days (fast one day and lea+e two) as well as
fifteen days (fast and beak fast)) In the e"ot fom An-8asaai it mentions thee# fi+e#
ten and fifteen days)
Fom all of these Ahaadeeth we (an say that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) odeed
the fastin' of one# two# thee# fou# fi+e# se+en# nine# ten# ele+en and fifteen days in a
month) In addition we ha+e "e+iously mentioned the ei'ht days of (ombinin'
Mondays and *husdays)
So it is u"on you % <othe to (hoose fo youself fom amon'st these o"tions
(ombinin' the sea(h fo 'oodness and based on (a"ability and Allah (swt) multi"lies
the 'ood deed u" to se+en hunded times)
Part /i7
The araa" Fasting that is not *er"issible:
Fasting the day of doubt (shakk):
?hat we mean hee is the day that has doubt (on(enin' it whethe it is the last day of
Shabaan o the fist day of $amadhaan@ In elation to this we say the followin'/ If in the ni'ht
that follows the twenty-ninth day of Shabaan the moon is obstu(ted o hidden due to (loud
o fo' then it is waa-ib u"on the Muslims to (om"lete thity days of Shabaan and not fast that
day in whi(h thee is doubt as a "e(aution to $amadhaan and not to be'in fastin'
$amadhaan unless the moon had been si'hted (on 6D
th
ni'ht)) If somebody had been fastin'
befoe that and wanted to (ontinue his fast and then fasted it as a fast of Shabaan then thee
is no "oblem in that) At-*imidhi said/ (*he "eo"le of 2nowled'e would dislike that a man
would hasten to fast befoe the be'innin' of $amadhaan with the meanin' of $amadhaan)))))
*he followin' te.ts ha+e teated this Masala in a (lea and (om"lete way/
B) Abu 5uaiah (a) said that the 9o"het o Abu Al-1aasim (saw) said/
LLFast at its si'htin' and beak fast at its si'htin' and it is (louded o+e then
(om"lete thity days of ShabaanNN)
*his hadeeth was e(oded by Al-<ukhaai (0HDH)# Muslim# An-8asaai# Ahmad# Ibn
5ibbaan and Ad-&aaami) And in anothe +esion fom Muslim (4;0=)/
LL)))If its obs(ue ((loudy) then (al(ulate thityNN and anothe simila Laf3h fom
<ukhaai LL)))If it is obs(ue the (om"lete the numbe of thityNN whi(h was e"oted
on the authoity of Ibn Uma (a))
H) Ibn Abbaas (a) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LL*he 9o"het (saw) said/ &o not fast one day o two days -ust befoe $amadan
e.(e"t in the (ase of a man who has been in the habit o obse+in' a fast (on that
day)O and do not fast until you si'ht it (the moon)) *hen fast until you si'ht it) If a (loud
a""eas on that day (i)e) 4Hth of $amadan) then (om"lete the numbe thity (days)
and then end the fastin'/ a month (onsists of twenty-nine daysNN)
Abu &aawud (464>) and Al-<ayha,i e(oded this hadeeth) An-8asaai (404H) and
Ahmad e(oded the followin'/ LLFast at its si'ht and beak fast at its si'ht but if
(louds (ome between you and it (the new moon) then (om"lete the "eiod and do not
seek to be'in the month ealyNN) At-*ayaalissy e(oded the followin' Laf3h/ LLFast
at its si'htin' and beak fast at its si'htin' and if (louds o fo' (ome between you and
it (the 5ilaal) then (om"lete the month of Shabaan with thity days and do not e(ei+e
$amadhaan with a fast of a (sin'le) day of ShabaanNN)
0D) Muhammad bin 2ab al-1ua3hi (a) said/
LLI enteed u"on the "la(e of Anas bin Maalik at As time on a day in whi(h thee
was doubt about the stat of $amadhaan) I wanted to say Salaam to him and he
in+ited me to eat with him) I ate and said/ *his is in a((odan(e to the Sunnah and he
e"lied/ AesNN)
At-*abaaani (HD6H) e(oded this in his Mu-am al-Awsat) Al-5aithami said/ *he
naatos ae Saheeh)
00) Abu 5uaiah (a) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LL$amadhaan is not "e(eded by the fast of one o two days e.(e"t fo a man who
use to fast (many o (ontinuous "e(edin') fasts in whi(h (ase he (an fast itNN)
Muslim (S;0B)# Al-<ukhaai# An-8asaai# At-*imidhi# Ibn Maa-ah# Ahmad and Ad-
&aaami e"oted this hadeeth)
04) Silah <in Iaf said/
LL?e wee in the (om"any of Ammaa bin Aaasi (a) and he e,uested a oasted
shee" and said/ !at but some of the "eo"le efained and said/ I am fastin' so
Ammaa said/ ?hoe+e fasts the day of Shakk (doubt) has disobeyed Abul 1aasim
(saw)NN)
$e(oded by Al-5aakim (747:0) and Adh-&hahabi affimed it and +eified it as
Saheeh) At-*imidhi said/ *he hadeeth is 5asan Saheeh) An-8asaai# Abu &aawud#
Ibn Maa-ah# Ad-&aaami# Ibn 2hu3aimah# Ibn 5ibbaan and Al-<ayha,i also e"oted
it) Ad-&aaa,utni naated it and said its Isnaan ((hain) was 5asan Saheeh) Ibn
Abdul <i said/ *he Musnad is Mafooun and they do not disa'ee with that) *his
means that it takes the 5ukm of $af attibutable to the Messen'e of Allah (saw) due
to the sayin' (then you would ha+e disobeyed Abul 1aasim (saw))) *his was
theefoe not the undestandin' of Ammaa (a) o his own I-tihaad)
*he fist hadeeth is (lea in meanin') *he se(ond and fouth hadeeth add to the meanin' of
the fist hadeeth by statin' that a man who had been fastin' befoe $amadhaan in a
(ontinuous way then thee was no ham fo him to fast that day be(ause he had only fasted
days fom Shabaan) *his fast does not 'o a'ainst the meanin' and e,uiements of the othe
Ahaadeeth be(ause they had fobidden fastin' the end of Shabaan to e(ei+e the (omin' of
$amadhaan) *his means that it is not allowed to -oin the last day of Shabaan with the
be'innin' of $amadhaan as a "e(aution that it mi'ht a(tually be the fist day of $amadhaan
(*anslatos note/ i)e) de(idin' to fast a day ealy -ust in (ase it mi'ht be $amadhaan)) If
howe+e it is fasted as a day of Shabaan and fom amon'st its fasts then thee is no "oblem
in that) As fo the fifth hadeeth states that fastin' the day of Shakk E the day afte the moon
was not si'hted E is 5aaam and not allowed and this statement ne'ates the +iew of dislike
(kaaahah) only) So in (on(lusion# fastin' the end of Shabaan and -oinin' it to $amadhaan
as a "e(aution is 5aaam and not only Makooh) *he thid hadeeth establishes that
abstainin' fom fastin' on the day of Shakk is a le'islated Sunnah in Islaam)
As fo what was naated fom Abdullah ibn Abi Moosa and it is also said Abdullah ibn Abi
1ais who said/
L)))And I asked he E i)e) Aaisha (a) E about the day in whi(h "eo"le diffe o+e the
be'innin' of $amadhaan@ She said/ *hat I fast a day of Shabaan is deae to me than if I
beak a fast in the month of $amadhaan) 5e said/ I left and then asked Ibn Uma and Abu
5uaiah and both of them said/ *he wi+es of the 9o"het (saw) know bette in this than usNN)
Ahmad (4;7;B)# Saeed al-Mansoo and Al-<ayha,i e(oded this naation) (I say) that this is
he own I-tihaad whi(h (ontadi(ts the e+iden(es and is theefoe not taken and it does not
ha+e sway o+e the e+iden(es that "e+ent -oinin' the last of Shabaan with $amadhaan)
Abu 5aneefah and Maalik said that fastin' the day of Shakk as "at of $amadhaan is 5aaam
and that it is allowed in othe than that) *his is the (oe(t +iew and what the te.ts ha+e
'uided to) *he ma-oity of Ulamaa and Ash-Shaafi +iewed the fobiddan(e of its fastin') Ibn
Abdul <a said/ Fom those who it has been naated that they disliked the fastin' of the day
of Shakk is uma ibn Al-2hattaab# Ali Ibn abi taalib# Ammaa Ibn Aaasi# Abdullah Ibn
Masood# 5udhayfah# Ibn Abbaas# Abuu 5uaiah and Anas bin Maalik (ah))
?e ha+e seen how Ammaa <in Aaasi (a) mentioned in hadeeth fi+e what indi(ates a
"ohibition and not only dislike) I would like to add hee that the e."ession (So and so
dislikes (kaiha Fulaan)) has been found on the li"s of some Fu,ahaa when they ae in fa(t
im"lyin' *aheem (it bein' fobidden)) So when dislike is mentioned it does not always mean
Makooh so the eade should be awae of this) An e.am"le of this is what At-*imidhi said
afte naatin' the 5adeeth of Ammaa (a) whi(h in(luded (then he has disobeyed Abul
1aasim)) At-*imidhi said/ Most of the "eo"le of knowled'e and the Ashaab of the 9o"het
(saw) woked alon' the meanin' of this (hadeeth) and afte them the *aabieen) It is also the
1awl (o"inion) of Sufyaan Ath-*hawi# Maalik bin Anas# Abdullah ibn Al-Mubaaak# Ash-
Shaafi# Ahmad and Isha, that they all 2aihoo (disliked) that a man would fast on the day of
Shakk (doubt)))) 5ee he said 2aiha (dislike) but meant kaaahah *aheem (that it was
fobidden))
/a#" 1d.8ahr:
And we mean hee by the Sawm Ad-&ah the fastin' of all the days of the yea with the
e.(e"tion of the fi+e days in whi(h fastin' is fobidden) *hese ae the two days of !id Al-Fit
and !id Al-Adhaa and the thee days of At-*ashee, whi(h will be dis(ussed late)
*he ma-oity of Ulamaa ha+e allowed the fastin' of Ad-&ah fo the one who is (a"able (has
the sten'th) and it does not (ause a 5a,, (i'ht) to be missed (ne'le(ted)) If it (auses a
5a,, to be hamed o missed then it is Makooh) An-8awawi mention ed in Al-Ma-moo some
of the names of the ealiest 'eneations and those that (ame afte them who use to fast Ad-
&ah and fom amon'st them wee Uma Ibn Al-2hattaab# his son Abdullah# *alhah Al-
Ansaai# Abu Umaamah and his wife Aaisha# Saeed bin Al-Musayyib# Al-Aswad bin Aa3eed
and Saeed Ibn Ibaheem bin Abdu $ahman bin Auf) Ahmad said/ I e."e(ted that thee
would not be a "oblem in that) Simila this was e"oted fom Maalik and *he Madhhab of
Ash-Shaafi saw that the (ontinuous fastin'# Siyaam Ad-&ah was not disliked but athe
e(ommended as lon' as it did not bin' with it ham o lead to the ne'le(t of a i'ht) *he
"eo"le of the Ihaahi (liteal) s(hool# Ibn ul-Aabi fom the Maalilkiyah# Isha, bin $aahuwiyah
and Ahmad in anothe e"ot all +iewed it to be disliked) Ibn 5a3m was alone in sayin' it was
5aaam and in ode to ea(h the (oe(t ulin' we must fist e.amine the te.ts and e+iden(es
elated to this matte/
0D) Abdullah Ibn Am (a) said that the 9o"het (saw) said to him/
LLAou fast (ontinuously and stand u" the (whole) ni'ht@ So I said/ Aes) 5e said/ If
you wee to do this then you eyes would be be(ome won and stained and you
body:soul will be(ome tiesome (fed u")) *hee is no fast fo the one who fasts Ad-
&ah the (ontinuous fastin'NN)
8aated by Al-<ukhaai (0H>H)# Muslim# An-8asaai# Ibn Maa-ah# Ahmad# Ibn Abi
Shaibah and Al-<ayha,i) In anothe naation fom Al-<ukhaai (0HH>) he (saw) said/
L)))*hee is no fast fo the one who fasts Siyaam al-Abad ((ontinuous)# two timesN)
00) Also fom Abdullah Ibn Amu (a)/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) was infomed about my fasts# and he (ame to me
and I s"ead fo him a leathe (ushion stuffed with "alm fies# but he sat on the
'ound and the (ushion emained between me and him# and then he said# RIsnPt it
suffi(ient fo you to fast thee days a month@R I e"lied# R% Messen'e of AllahC (I (an
fast moe))R 5e said# RFi+e@R I e"lied# R% Messen'e of AllahC (I (an fast moe))R 5e
said# RSe+en@R I e"lied# R% Messen'e of AllahC (I (an fast moe))R 5e said# R8ine
(days "e month)@R I e"lied# R% Messen'e of AllahC (I (an fast moe)R 5e said#
R!le+en (days "e month)@R And then the 9o"het (saw) said# R*hee is no fast
su"eio to that of the 9o"het &a+id it was fo half of the yea) So# fast on altenate
daysNN)
$e(oded by Al-<ukhaai (0HBD)# Muslim# An-8asaai and Ibn 5ibbaan and this
5adeeth was dis(ussed ealie in the se(tion (*he fastin' of a day# two days)))) in the
Fha"te (*he e(ommended fasts)) In anothe 5adeeth e(oded by Al-<ukhaai and
naated by Abdullah Ibn Am it said/ LL))))I said/ RMessen'e of AllahC I ha+e "owe)R
*he 9o"het (saw) said# RFast like the fastin' of the 9o"het &aawood and do not fast
moe than that)R I said# R5ow was the fastin' of the 9o"het of Allah# &aawood (as)@R
5e said# R5alf of the yea#R (i)e) he used to fast on e+ey altenate day))Aftewads
when PAbdullah be(ame old# he used to say# RIt would ha+e been bette fo me if I had
a((e"ted the "emission of the 9o"het (whi(h he 'a+e me i)e) to fast only thee days
a month)NN and we ha+e also "e+iously mentioned this naation) Muslim (4>4H)
e(oded a 5adeeth with the followin' Laf3h/ LL)))Fast a day and beak a day and this
is the fast of &aawood (as) and this is the best fast) I said/ I am able to do moe than
that so the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/ *hee is nothin' bette than that)))NN)
04) Abdullah Ibn Sikhkhai said that the 9o"het (saw) said/
LL?hoe+e fasts al-Abad ((ontinuously) then he has not fasted o made IftaaNN)
$e(oded by Ibn Maa-ah (0>D;)# An-8asaaI# Ahmad# Ad-&aaami# Ibn 5ibbaan# Ibn
2hu3aimah# Al-5aakim and Ibn Abi shaibah) Its Isnaad ((hain) is Saheeh)
06) Abu Moosa Al-Ashai (a) naated that the 9o"het (saw) said/
LL?hoe+e fasts Ad-&ah ((ontinuously) then Jahannam (hellfie) will (onsti(t him
like this and he 'as"ed his hands to'etheNN)
$e(oded by Ahmad (0HH;0)# Ibn 5ibbaan# An-8asaaI and Ibn 2hu3aimah) Its
Sanad is Jayyid ('ood))
;) Imaan <in 5usain (a) said /
LLIt was said to the Messen'e of Allah (saw)/ *hat someone does not beak his fast
thou'hout the day (ontinuously until the ni'ht so 5e(saw) said/ 5e has not fasted o
made IftaaNN)
$e"oted by Ibn 5ibbaan (6;B4)# An-8asaaI# Ahmad# Ibn 2hu3aimah and Al-5aakim)
Al-5aakim +eified it as Saheeh and Adh-&hahabi a'eed)
06) Abu Am Ash-Shaibaani said/
LLIt ea(hed Uma that a man fasted Ad-&ah ((ontinuouslya(5e beat him) and he
would say/ !at Aa &ahC !at Aa &ahNN)
$e"oted by Ibn Abi Shaibah (7H4:4) and Ibn 5a3m e(oded and +eified it as
Saheeh and Ibn 5a-a also said the Isnaad is Saheeh)
07) 8aafi said/
LLUma (a) use to fast (ontinuously befoe his death and 8aafI (also) said/
Abdullah Ibn Uma would fast (ontinuously in his late lifeNN)
$e"oted by Al-<ayhaa,i (6D0:7)) *he (hain in(ludes Muaawiyah bin Saalih# some
"eo"le said he was tustwothy whilst Aahya <in Saeed# Aahya <in Moeen and Abu
Isha, Al-Fa3aai said that he is &aeef (weak)) It also (ontains Iuah <in *hawb and
Adh-&hahabi said in his book of weak naatos that he is Ma-hool (unknown))
A((odin' to this the 5adeeth is Matook (left:abandoned))
*he fist 5adeeth states that/ (*hee is no fast fo the one who fasts Ad-&ah ((ontinuously))
and in anothe +esion the fast of Al-Abad and the se(ond 5adeeth says that (*hee is no
fast abo+e the fast of &aawood) and in anothe Laf3h (*hen fast the fast of the 9o"het of
Allah# &aawood (as) and do no in(ease u"on it) and in a thid +esion (Laf3h) it is said (*hee
is nothin' bette than that)) *he thid 5adeeth says (?hoe+e fasts Al-Abad has not fasted o
made Iftaa) and the fouth says (?hoe+e fasts Ad-&ah then Jahannam is (onsti(ted u"on
him) and the Fifth 5adeeth says (5e did not fast o make Iftaa) and the Atha (e"ot) in
numbe si. says (a5e(beat him) and he would say eat Aa &ahC) and in the Atha in se+en it
was said that (Uma (a) use to fast (ontinuously and Abdullah Ibn Uma use to fast
(ontinuously))
So what do all of these te.ts indi(ate@
*he one who studies does not find it diffi(ult to dedu(e the ulin' of *aheem ("ohibition) fo
the fastin' of Ad-&ah) *he fist hadeeth (ontains the "otential of A dua fom the Messen'e
(saw) on the one who fasts Ad-&ah -ust as it holds the "otential fo ne'atin' it) If we (om"ae
it with the thid and Fifth 5adeeth we (an outwei'h that the fist hadeeth alludes to 8afy
(ne'ation) -aust as the thid and fifth indi(ate ne'ation) *he meanin' of An-8afi (ne'ation) is
that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) des(ibed the one who fasted Ad-&ah as someone who
had not fasted) *his means that this fast does not ha+e a eality and is not a((e"ted# in the
(onte.t that it is an a(t of Ibaadah (woshi") and the Ibaadaat ae *aw,eefiyah (e+ealed as
they ae in the way they ae) and the mind (an not ente into thei emit) ?e then -ud'e that
an a(t of Ibaadah that is ne'ated by the Shaa# i)e) that it has no e.istend(e in the Shaa and
is not a((e"ted by it# is 5aaam and a le'islation outside of Allahs Shaa) *hese thee
Ahaadeeth ae suffi(ient to indi(ate that the fastin' of Ad-&ah is 5aaam) If we add to it the
se(ond 5adeeth that states (*hee is no fastin' beyond o abo+e that of &aawood (as)) then
we (an say that it has been (onfimed in a way that does not (ontain the "otential of eo that
the fastin' of Ad-&ah has been ne'ated by the Shaa and not affimed) ?e (an also add to
what we ha+e -ust mentioned the naation (So fast the fast of the 9o"het of Allah# &aawood
(as) and do not in(ease u"on it) and by doin' so we ha+e added to the e"eated ne'ation
(8afy) the 8ahy ("ohibition) to this fom of fastin') *he 8afy (ne'ation) is su""oted by the
8ahy ("ohibition) so that ea(h a(ts as a 1aeenah (su""otin' indi(ati+e e+iden(e) fo the
othe# whi(h leads to Al-Ja3m (de(isi+eness)) *he meanin' of the fouth 5adeeth be(omes
(lea now# and that is that whoe+e fasts Ad-&ah whi(h the Shaa has ne'ated and
fobidden then he has 'one away fom obedien(e to Allah and enteed into disobedien(e and
theefoe his only e(om"ense fo this is Jahannam)
*hese te.ts indi(ate a meanin' whi(h (ontains no (onfusion o ambi'uity in that the Siyaam
of Ad-dah is not lawful# a((e"table o +alid and in addition that it is 5aaam and not
"emissible) Uma (a) would not ha+e hit and "unish "eo"le o+e an a(tion whi(h was not
5aaam like what was e"oted in the Atha (e"ot) unde headin' si.)
As fo the Atha unde se+en whi(h stated that Uma and his son fasted (ontinuously then it
is not (oe(t to undestand fom this that they wee fastin' Ad-&ah but athe it im"lies that
they fasted a lot and use to -oin "ayes and fast many days in a ow) *his is "emitted and
thee is nothin' fobidden in it) Followin' and (ontinuin' the fast does not mean fastin' all of
the days of the yea and it is (ommon in the usa'e of the Aabi( lan'ua'e to use e."essions
whi(h indi(ate (ontinuity whilst this intended to mean that somethin' was done a lot) *his
o((us many times in the te.ts of the 8oble 1uaan and the 5onouable Sunnah whi(h is so
well known and ha""ens so numeously that thee is no need to mention e.am"les)
&es"ite all of these e+iden(es whi(h ha+e not been abo'ated o (ontadi(ted and o""osed
the ma-oity of Ulamaa ha+e howe+e "emitted the fastin' of Ad-&ah and ha+e used the
hadeeth of Aaisha (a) to su""ot thei +iew whi(h naates fom he fom 5am3a Ibn Am Al-
Aslami who asked the 9o"het (saw) sayin'/ L% Messen'e of Allah I am a man that
(ontinues his fast so should I fast whilst ta+ellin'@ 5e (saw) e"lied/ Fast if you wish and
beak fast if you wishN) *his hadeeth was e(oded by Muslim (4=4=) and Al-<ukhaai and we
mentioned it in the se(tion about fastin' in ta+el) *hey also used e"ots Aathaa fom the
Sahaabah whi(h state that some of them use to (ontinue thei fasts whi(h was e(oded by
Al-<ayha,i in his fouth "at on "a'e 6D0) *he eo that they fell in is that they (Ulamaa)
inte"eted the (ontinuous fast to mean the fast of Ad-&ah and they did not tanslate it as the
(ontinuan(e and followin' of fasts) 5ad these inte"eted this (oe(tly then they would not
ha+e fallen into su(h eo)
As fo the statements of the Sahaabah then they ae in oi'in not (onsideed as (Shaeeah)
e+iden(es let alone stand u" to o""osin' o s"e(ifyin' the 9o"heti( Ahaadeeth that indi(ate
"ohibition) !+en if we wee to undestand and inte"et the meanin' to be the sawm of Ad-
&ah we would still e-e(t these statements and not take noti(e of them) *hey ae the
I-ithaadaat of the Sahaabah whi(h we ae not obli'ed to (ommit to and es"e(ially if they
(ontadi(t the e+iden(es of the 2itaab and Sunnah)
And in elation to the hadeeth fom Aaisha (a) fom 5am3ah ibn Am then this also does not
su""ot thei +iew eithe) In fa.t in indi(ates the o""osite to what they ha+e said) 5am3ah
said/ I am a man who (ontinues his fast (saada) so the Messen'e of Allah (saw) e"lied/
Fast if you like and abstain if you like) *his fomation of wods im"lies that the (ontinuous fast
was not the fast of Ad-&ah) 5ad 5am3ah been fastin' Ad-&ah then why did he ask the
Messen'e of Allah (saw) the ,uestion (Should I fast whilst ta+ellin'@) be(ause in this
(ondition he would not be in need of "osin' this ,uestion) In addition if 5am3ah was fastin'
Ad-&ah and the Messen'e of Allah (saw) knew this and (onsented to it then why did he say
(Fast if you like and make Iftaa if you like)@ (If he had (onsented to and undestood that the
,uestione was talkin' bout Ad-&ah) 5e would ha+e said somethin' like Aou must kee" you
fastin' whilst in ta+el o Fastin' does not "e+ent you fastin' o ta+el does not in+alidate
the fastin' of Ad-&ah) As fo his sayin'/ (Fast if you wish and make Iftaa if you wish)
indi(ates that the ,uestion was not (on(enin' the fast of Ad-&ah but athe only (on(enin'
the fe,uent fastin' and the (ontinuous fastin' (fo many days) but not moe than this)
*he 5adeeth that was naated by Usaamah <in Iaid (a) e"oted by Ahmad (44DH=)
indi(ates em"hati(ally that the (ontinuous (saada) fastin' does not mean the Sawm of Ad-
&ah (fastin' e+eyday of the yea) but athe efle(ts the fe,uent fastin' and that whi(h is
done with days followin' ea(h othe in a (ontinuous way) *he wodin' of the hadeeth is/ L*he
Messen'e of Allah (saw) use to fast the days (saada) (ontinuously until it was said (of him)
that he does not (e+e) abstain fom fastin' and then he would abstain fo su(h a numbe of
days that it would be said that he does not fast)))N and it was mentioned "e+iously in the
se(tion (P*he e(ommended FastsP) an the sub-se(tion (PFastin' of ShaPbaan)) So the
5adeeth mentions / (5e would (saada) (ontinue days until it was said that he does not
abstain and he would abstain fom fastin' days until)))) and theefoe it bin's to'ethe As-
Sad ((ontinuin') and Al-Iftaa (abstainin') and had As-Sad meant the (ontinuous all yea
ound fast (Ad-&ah) then how (ould they be bou'ht to'ethe (and (o-e.ist)) May AllahPs
(swt) me(y be on At-*imidhi who was able to (om"ehend that the fastin' of As-Sad meant
the followin' to'ethe of fasts and not Ad-&ah and he dedi(ated a (ha"te to this distin(tion
unde the headin' (?hat has been mention in elation to Sad As-Sawm) and he mentioned
the followin' 5adeeth fom PAbdullah <in Sha,ee,/ LL I asked PAaPisha (a) about the fastin'
of the 9o"het (saw)@ She said/ 5e would fast until we would say he has fasted and make
Iftaa until we would say that he has been in a state of Iftaa and the Messen'e of Allah
(saw) did not fast a whole month e.(e"t fo the month of $amadhaanNN) *wo othe 5adeeth
wee mentioned afte this whi(h did not (ontain any mention to the fastin' of Ad-&ah whi(h
indi(ates that the tem saada sawm was undestood to only mean the fe,uent fastin' o
fastin' a lot) *his is a situation whee some hadeeth 'i+e tafsee and e."lanation to the
meanin' of othes) %u "e+iously mentioned hadeeth ae all suitable to e."alin the 5adeeth
of 5am3ah in that it is talkin' about the fastin' of days that follow ea(h othe in the situation
whee fastin' e+eyday of the yea (sawm ad-dah) was fobidden fo him)
As fo the o"inion of the ma-oity of Ulamaa and Ash-ShaafiP that fastin' Ad-&ah was allowed
o e(ommended (Mustahabb) with the (ondition that it is not asso(iated with a ham o take
away fom a i'ht then the es"onse and ebuttal to that is that this Shat ((ondition) (an not
be "e(ei+ed to be attained o a(hie+ed be(ause ham and the fallin' shot in the 5u,oo,
(i'hts) will ine+itably ha""en as a esult of fastin' Ad-&ah) *he fist 5adeeth says/ L+eily
you fast Ad-&ah and stand in "aye the (whole) ni'ht@ So I said/ Aes) 5e (saw) said/ If you
ha+e done this then you ha+e shi+elled u" you eyes and won youself outN) *his 5adeeth
theefoe establishes that the fastin' of Ad-dah leads to ham unless it is the +iew of the
ma-oity# Ash-ShaafiP and his "eo"le that these two ae not indi(ati+e of &aa (ham)@ If we
add to this what the followin' hadeeth establishes in elation to fastin' two-thids of Ad-&ah
and that nobody (an bae it and theefoe (by 'eate eason) no "eson is (a"able of
"efomin' the (om"lete fastin' of Ad-&ah then we (an undestand the eo whi(h these
(Ulamaa) fell in/ Abu 1ataadah (a) said/ LA man asked the 9o"het (saw) about his fastin'@
*hen he be(ame an'y so PUma said/ I am "leased ((ontent) and said/ ?e ae (ontent with
Allah (swt) as ou $abb (lod) and Islaam as ou &een (5e (Abu 1ataadah said/ I do not know
e.(e"t that he said) and with Muhammad (saw) as a Messen'e and with the <ayPah ("led'e
of alle'ian(e) we ha+e made) 5e said/ *hen PUma stood o someone else and said/ %
Messen'e of Allah (saw) ?hat about the man who fasts Al-Abad (foe+e)@ 5e said/ 5e does
not fast o make Iftaa o he hasnPt fasted o made Iftaa) 5e said/ ?hat about fastin' two
days and lea+in' one day@ 5e (saw) e"lied/ And who is (a"able of doin' that@)))N) *his
5adeeth was e"oted by Ahmad (44HD7)# Muslim# Abu &aawud# An-8asaaPi# Ibn Maa-ah and
Al-<ayha,i with diffeen(es in thei +esions) So his statement e'adin' fastin' two days and
abstainin' one day i)e) two-thids of Ad-&ah when he said/ (And who (an bae that ((a"able
of that)@) is a ,uestion indi(atin' ebuke and e-e(tion whi(h indi(ates a (lea meanin' that
nobody (an bae the fastin' of Ad-&ah)
Indeed we ha+e with us a hadeeth that is e+en ston'e in "oof and (leae in meanin' that
shows that the fastin' of Ad-&ah is not within ones (a"ability and we "e+iously mentioned in
in the se(tion (Fonse(uti+e day fastin') in the (ha"te (*he $e(ommended fasts)) %n the
authoity of PAbdullah Ibn PUma (a) who said/ LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) was infomed
that I said/ <y Allah) I will fast the day(s) and make 1iyaam in the ni'ht(s) as lon' as I li+e) I
told him that by my Mothe and Fathe I had said this) 5e (saw) said/ Meily you ae not able
to do this)))N) *his hadeeth was e"oted by Al-<ukhaai (0H>=)# Muslim and by othes) Afte
all of this thee ae still some that say that it is "emissible to fast Ad-&ah as lon' as it does
not ham its "efomeCC
I would like to bin' at this -un(tue the 5adeeth e"oted by Imaam Al-<ukhaai (;D=6)#
Muslim# An-8asaaPi# Ad-&aaami and Ahmad naated by Anas <in Maalik (a)/LLA 'ou" of
thee men (ame to the houses of the wi+es of the 9o"het askin' how the 9o"het
woshi""ed (Allah)# and when they wee infomed about that# they (onsideed thei woshi"
insuffi(ient and said# R?hee ae we fom the 9o"het as his "ast and futue sins ha+e been
fo'i+en)R *hen one of them said# RI will offe the "aye thou'hout the ni'ht foe+e)R *he
othe said# RI will fast thou'hout the yea and will not beak my fast)R *he thid said# RI will
kee" away fom the women and will not may foe+e)R AllahPs A"ostle (ame to them and
said# RAe you the same "eo"le who said so-and-so@ <y Allah# I am moe submissi+e to Allah
and moe afaid of 5im than youO yet I fast and beak my fast# I do slee" and I also may
women) So he who does not follow my tadition in eli'ion# is not fom me (not one of my
followes)NN) Is thee not (ontained in this 5adeeth that whi(h would "e+ent the o"inion of
allowin' the fast of Ad-&ah let alone the statement that it is e(ommended (Mustahabb)@C
5a+e they not head the statement of the Messen'e of Allah (saw) in elation to the one who
stands fo "aye Ad-&ah and fasts Ad-&ah and who lea+es maia'e Ad-&ah when he
said/ L*he one who seeks othe than my Sunnah is not fom meN@
As fo those who ha+e said that Ad-dah is Makooh (dislikeable) then this is a lesse eo
unless they mean the Makooh of *aheem (fobiddin')) *he tuth whi(h (an not be a+oided is
that the fastin' of Ad-&ah is 5aaam and not ya-oo3 ("emissible) and this is the o"inion of
Ibn 5a3m)
Fasting the days of 1l.Fitr and 1l.1dhaa:
*he Fu,ahaa of the Salaf and 2halaf ha+e a'eed that fastin' the two days of Al-Fit and Al-
Adhaa ae 5aaam and not "emissible and it is not known of anyone who has dis"uted this)
*he followin' is a sele(tion of e+iden(es elated to this MasPalah (issue)/
0B) Abu PUbaid the se+ant of Ibn A3ha said/
LLI witnessed P!id with PUma Ibn Al-2hattaab (a) and he said/ *he Messen'e of
Allah (saw) fobade the fastin' of these two days# the day of Fit fom you fastin'(in
$amadhaan) and the day that you eat fom you sa(ifi(es:ituals (Al-Adhaa)NN)
Folle(ted by Al-<ukhaai (0HHD)# Muslim# Abu &aawud# An-8isaaPi# At-*imidhi#
Maalik# Ahmad and Ibn Maa-ah)
0H) PAaPisha (a) said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) fobade fastin' two days/ *he day of Al-Fit and the
day of Al-AdhaaNN)
Folle(ted by Muslim (4=>=) and Ibn Abi Shaibah)
4D) Abu 5uaiah (a) said/
LL*hat the Messen'e of Allah (saw) fobade fastin' two days/ *he day of Al-Adhaa
and the day of Al-FitNN)
Folle(ted by Muslim (4=>4)# Al-<ukhaai# Maalik# Ahmad and Al-<ayha,i)
40) Abu SaPeed Al-2hudi (a) said/
LL*he 9o"het (saw) fobade fastin' Al-Fit and An-8ah (day of sa(ifi(e)NN)
Folle(ted by Al-<ukhaai (0HH0)# Muslim# Abu &aawud# At-*imidhi# Ahmad and Ibn
Maa-ah)
44) Abu SaPeed Al-2hudi said that the 9o"het (saw) said/
LL)))And thee is no fastin' in two days/ Al-Fit and Al-Adhaa)))N)
Folle(ted by Al-<ukhaai (0HH;)# Muslim and Ad-&aaami) Ahmad (006=B) e"oted
anothe +esion LL)))and thee is no fastin' on the day of Al-Fit o the day of Al-
AdhaaNN) Ibn 5ibbaan (6;HH) e"oted it as LL*hee is no fast on the day of P!idNN)
46) Also fom Abu SaPeed Al-2hudi who said that he head the Messen'e of Allah (saw)
sayin'/
LLIt is not +alid to fast two days# the day of Al-Adhaa and the day of Al-Fit atta(hed
to $amadhaanNN)
Folle(ted by Muslim (4=>6)# Al-<ukhaai# Abu &aawud and At-*imidhi)
*he fist fi+e Ahaadeeth fobid fastin' the two days of P!id usin' the wodin' P8ahaaP (fobid)
and also with wodin' P*hee is no fastP and the eality of this is that it 8ahy (fobiddin') only
without it bein' known whethe this is a de(isi+e fobiddin' whi(h is *aheem o not de(isi+e
in whi(h (ase it would be a 8ahy "etainin' to 2aaahah (Makooh:disliked)) ?e must
theefoe e.amine the 1aeenah (le'islati+e indi(ation) to as(etain whi(h of the two 5ukmPs
(ulin's) is intended) ?e find this 1aeenah in the si.th 5adeeth in the wodin' PLaa AuslihP
(not +alid) whi(h indi(ates that the 8ahy hee is Jaa3im (de(isi+e) and is one of *aheem
("ohibition) so this 5adeeth (ontains a 1aeenah in it whi(h "o+ides a de(isi+e fobiddin'
makin' the ulin' 5aaam (and not Makooh)) *his 5adeeth is simila to the hadeeth e"oted
by Muslim (00HH)# An-8asaaaPi# Ahmad and Ad-&aaami fom MuPaawiyah bin 5akam As-
salami (a) whi(h says/ LL)))Meily this Salaah ("aye) does not Auslih (find +alid) in it
anythin' of the s"ee(h of man)))NN and a 5adeeth e"oted fom Abu &aawud (H6D) e."lains
this hadeeth/ LL)))Meily this Salaah does not allow (make 5alaal) in it anythin' fom the
s"ee(h of man)))NN) *heefoe the e"ot of Abu &aawud e."lains the e"ot fom Muslim
whee PLa AuslihP has been e."lained with PLa AuhillP (not 5alaal)) So whee it says P*he
Fastin' Laa Auslih (is not +alid:(oe(t)P in the si.th 5adeeth# then this is e."lained to mean
P*he fastin' La AuhillP (8ot 5alaal)) I ha+e mentioned in full the naations of Muslim and Abu
&aawud in the se(tion (Al-1anoot) in (ha"te se+en of the se(ond "at of my book PAl-JameeP
LiAhkaam As-SalaahP (*he (om"ehensi+e 'uide to the $ules of As-Salaah))
Fasting the 8ays of 1t.Tashree<:
It is the o"inion of Maalik and Al-Aw3aaPi and Ahmad and Isha, bin $ahuuwiyah in a e"ot
attibuted to them both that fastin' the days of At-*ashee, is 5aaam with the e.(e"tion of
the the 5aa-i Al-MutamattiP that does not ha+e a sa(ifi(e) *his has also been e"oted fom
PAaPisha# Ibn PUma# PUwah <in Iubai and PUbaid Ibn PUmai (ah) %n the othe hand Abu
5aneefah# Ahmad (in the ston'e of +iews attibuted to him)# Ash-ShaafiP(in a famous o"inion
of his)# &aawud <in PAli# Ibn 5a3m# Ibn Al-Mundhi# Al-Laith <in SaPd# Al-hasan Al-<asi and
PAtaa <in Abi $abaah ha+e all said that it is 5aaam Mutla,an (absolutely with no esti(tion))
*his has also been e"oted and attibuted to PAli <in Abi *aalib and PAbdullah Ibn PUma (ah))
*he followes of Ash-ShaafiP howe+e ha+e allowed fastin' in the day of At-*ashee, if thee
was a eason/ an oath# 2affaaah o 1adaa only and if thee was no (le'itimate) eason then
it is not allowed and thee is no disa'eement u"on this) And it has also been e"oted fom
A3-Iubai <in Al-PAwaam# *alhah# Abdullah Ibn PUma# Al-Aswad <in Aa3eed and Ibn Sieen
that its fastin' is "emissible Mutla,an) In ode fo us to as(etain the (oe(t 5ukm (ulin') in
this MasPalah with AllahPs "emission then we need to e.amine the followin' te.ts/
00) An-8ubaishah Al-5udhali said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LL*he days of At-*ashee, ae days of eatin' and dinkin'NN)
Folle(ted by Muslim (4=>>)# Al-<ayha,i and At-*ahaawi) Ahmad (4DHH>) e(oded
the followin' Laf3h (woded +esion)/ LL*he days of At-*ashee, ae days of eatin'
and dinkin' and makin' &hik (ememban(e) of Allah A33a wa JallNN) *he days of
At-*ashee, ae the thee days followin' the day of Al-Adhaa)
04) 2aPb <in Maalik (a) said/
LL*hat the Messen'e of Allah (saw) sent fo him and Aus <in Al-5adathaan in the
days of At-*ashee, and he (alled/ Meily no one will ente Al-Jannah e.(e"t a
MuPmin (belie+e) and the days of Mina ae days of eatin' and dinkin'NN)
$e"oted by Muslim (4=>H)# An-8asaaPi# Ibn Maa-ah and Ahmad)
06) Umm MasPood bin Al-5akam (ah) said/
LLAs I was lookin' at PAli <in Abu *aalib u"on the white mule of the Messen'e of
Allah (saw) he said/ % "eo"le +eily the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/ Indeed the
days of At-*ashee, ae fo eatin' and dinkin' and not days fo fastin'NN)
$e"oted by An-8asaaPi (4HD0) in As-Sunan Al-2ubaa# Ahmad# Ibn 2hu3aimah# Al-
haakim and Abu AaPlaa)
07) PAasim <in Suleymaan fom Al-Mutallab said/
LLA <edouin was in+ited to food# and that was the day afte An-8ah (Al-Adhaa)) *he
<edouin said/ I am fastin') So he said/ I head PAbdullah Ibn PUma sayin'/ I head the
Messen'e of Allah (saw) fobiddin' that these days be fastedNN)
$e"oted by Ibn 2hu3aimah (407B)# An-8asaaPi and Abd U-$a33aa,) An-8asaaPi
(4H07) mentioned anothe Laf3h in his Sunan Al-2ubaa/ LL*he days of At-*ashee,
ae days fo eatin' and dinkin' and "ayin' so none of you should fastNN)
0;) SaPd Abi ?a,,aas (a) said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) odeed me to (all the days of Mina/ *hat they ae
days fo eatin' and dinkin' and that thee is no fastin' in them# meanin' the days of
At-*ashee,NN)
$e(oded by Ahmad (07;=)) Al-<a33aa e(oded this 5adeeth (0D=>) without the
statement (*hee is no fastin' in them)) Al-5aithami said/ Its naatos ae Saheeh
(tustwothy))
0=) Umm PAmu <in Saleem A3-Ia,i (ah) said/
LL?e wee in Mina when PAli <in Abi *aalib was on a (amel sayin'/ Meily the
Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/ Meily these days ae fo feedin' and dinkin' and
none of you should fast) So the "eo"le Followed (obeyed)NN)
$e"oted by Ahmad (B47) and Ash-ShaafiP)
0>) 5abeebah <int Shaee, (ah) said/
LL*hat she was with he dau'hte AlPA-amaa in the days of 5a-- in Mina )It was said/
<adeel <in ?aa,aa a""oa(hed on the ide of the Messen'e of Allah (saw) and
(alled out/ Meily the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/ ?hoe+e is fastin' then he
should make Iftaa (beak the fast) be(ause these ae days fo eatin' and dinkin'NN)
$e(oded by Al-5aakim (4;D:4) and At-*abaaani in Al-MuP-am Al-Awsat)
0B) Abu Muah the se+ant of Umm 5aaniP said/
LL5e enteed alon' with PAbdullah Ibn PAmu the ,uates of his fathe PAmu <in
Al-PAas so he bou'ht food in font of them and said/ !at) 5e said/ I am fastin' then
PAmu said/ !at# be(ause these ae the days in whi(h the Messen'e of Allah (saw)
odeed us to make Iftaa and fobade us fom fastin' it) Maalik said/ And they ae the
days of At-*ashee,NN)
Folle(ted by Abu &aawud (470B)# Ibn 2hu3aimah# Ad-&aaami# Ahmad# Al-5aakim#
Al-<ayha,i and Ibn ul-Mundhi) Al-5aakim and Ibn 2hu3aimah +eified it as Saheeh)
0H) PU,bah <in PAami (a) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LL*he day of PAafah# the day of An-8ah and the days of At-*ashee, ae ou P!id
the "eo"le of Islaam and they ae days of eatin' and dinkin'NN)
8aated by Abu &aawud (470H)# An-8asaaPi# At-*imidhi# Ahmad# Ad-&aaami# Ibn
5ibbaan and Ibn 2hu3aimah)
4D) Abu ShaPthaa said/
LLIbn PUma (ame to us in the middle day of the days of At-*ashee, and said/ I ha+e
(ome with food so the "eo"le a""oa(hed and a son of his (ame fowad) 5e said/
*hen he said to him/ Fome (lose and I will 'i+e you food) 5e said/ So he e"lied/ I am
fastin') 5e said/ *hen he said/ &id you not know that the Messen'e of Allah (saw)
said/ *hese ae the days of food and &hik (ememban(e of Allah)NN)
8aated by Ahmad (7H>D)# Al-5aithami said/ Its 8aatos ae Saheeh (tustwothy))
In e.aminin' these Ahaadeeth we find that the fist# se(ond and se+enth ha+e mentioned that
the days of At-*ashee, ae days fo eatin' and dinkin'# *he fouth (ame with the addition of
9aye:Su""li(ation (Salaah) in the naation of An-8asaaPi and the tenth (am with the
addition of &hik (ememban(e of Allah)) So these Ahaadeeth ha+e des(ibed the days of At-
*ashee, as days fo eatin'# dinkin'# Salaah and &hik)
A numbe of Ulamaa ha+e dedu(ed fom the fa(t that the Ahaadeeth ha+e mentioned that the
days of At-*ashee, ae fo eatin' and dinkin' that fastin' in them is 5aaam and not
"emitted) *he tuth is howe+e that this dedu(tion is in(oe(t be(ause the mee des(i"tion
of the days of At-*ashee, bein' days of eatin' and dinkin' is not suffi(ient enou'h as
e+iden(e to say that fastin' is 5aaam) 5owe+e these e+iden(es ae not esti(ted to this
des(i"tion and the ne'ation and fobiddin' of fastin' these days has also been mentioned) In
the thid hadeeth it was said/ (*hey ae not days of fastin') and in the fouth 5adeeth in the
$iwaayah (e"ot) of An-8asaaPi and also in the si.th 5adeeth it is mentioned/ (So no one
should fast them) and in the fifth 5adeeth the statement/ (So thee is no fastin' in it)) *hen
thee (ame a s"oken "ohibition in 5adeeth fou and ei'ht/ (5e fobade fastin' these days)
and (5e fobade us fom fastin' them)) *he o"inion of "ohibition (an be "o+en be(ause the
statement in the fouth hadeeth (So no one should fast them) and 5adeeth si./ (so no one
should fast them) ha+e both (ome in the fom of *awkeed ((onfimation) and this fom
indi(ates esolution# detemination and (om"ulsion) So it is (oe(t based on these
Ahaadeeth to dedu(e that the 8ahy (fobiddin') (ontained in them amounts to a de(isi+e
"ohibition whi(h establishes *aheem ("ohibition)) So when we find in the se+enth 5adeeth/
(So whoe+e is fastin' should beak it) we undestand and it be(omes eally affimed to us
that the fobiddin' of fastin' is a de(isi+e fobiddin' that establishes *aheem ("ohibition))
*his is be(ause odein' the one fastin' to beak his fast would not be +alid o allowed if the
fastin' had been allowed and a((e"table) *his would not in fa(t ha+e been +alid unless the
fastin' was not allowed and it was obli'atoy to (ut it shot with Iftaa) Simila to this is
5adeeth ei'ht whee PAmu <in Al-PAas odeed his son to eat in these days and to beak his
fast and when his son efained fom beakin' his fast PAmu did not hesitate to aise the issue
with his son a se(ond time fo him to beak his fast usin' as e+iden(e that the 8oble
Messen'e (saw) use to ode those who wee fastin' at that time to make Iftaa and fobade
them fom fastin' and the tenth hadeeth is simila to this in im"li(ation) So these thee
Ahaadeeth the thid# ei'hth and tenth ae suitable 1aaaPin (indi(ations) and e+iden(es that
fobid fastin' the days of At-*ashee, and (an only indi(ate a de(isi+e fobiddin' establishin'
*aheem ("ohibition))
?hat emains in this issue is elated to the 5aa-i who made PUmah befoe 5a-- and he has
not found a 5ady (sa(ifi(ial lamb) i)e) he does not ha+e a lamb to slau'hte# o has found one
but does not ha+e enou'h money) Is it allowed fo him to fast the thee days of Al-ha-- in the
days of At-*ashee,@ <efoe answein' this ,uestion we must fist take a lot at the te.ts
whi(h ae elated to the issue/
H) Allah (swt) said/
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()))whosoe+e "efoms the PUmah in the months of 5a--# befoe ("efomin') the 5a--# (i)e)
5a---at-*amattuP and Al-1iWn)# he must slau'hte a 5ady su(h as he (an affod# but if he
(annot affod it# he should obse+e Saum (fasts) thee days duin' the 5a-- and se+en days
afte his etun (to his home)# makin' ten days in all))))
Suah Al-<a,aah -0H=
0D)PAaPisha (a) and Ibn PUma (ah) said/
LLA $ukhsah ("emission) has not been 'i+en fo fastin' the days of At-*ashee,
e.(e"t fo the one that does not find a shee" to sa(ifi(eNN)
$e"oted by Al-<ukhaai (0HH>-0HHB)# Ad-&aaa,utni# Al-<ayha,i# Ibn Abi Shaibah
and At-*abai)
00)PAli (a) said/
LLAs fo fastin' thee days in 5a-- (they ae/) the day befoe *awiyah# the day of
*awiyah and the day of PAafahNN) $e"oted by Al-<ayha,i (4;:;)# At-*abaaani# Ibn
Abi Shaibah and Abd u-$a33aa,)
04)Ibn PUma (a) said/
LL*he Siyaam of thee days in 5a-- ae the day befoe *awiyah# the day afte
*awiyah and the day of PAafah and if these ae missed then they ae fasted in the
days of MinaNN)
$e"oted by Ibn Jaee At-*abai (47>:4)# Muhammad <in Al-Mundhii# Ad-&aaa,utni#
Al-<ayha,i and Ibn Abi Shaibah)
06)Ibn PUma (a) said/
LLFastin' fo those who "efom #5a---at-*amattu (in lieu of the 5adi whi(h they
(annot affod) may be "efomed u" to the day of Aafat) And if one does not 'et a
5adi and has not fasted (befoe the !id) then one should fast of the days of Mina) (00#
04 and 06th of &hul 5i--ah)NN)
$e"oted by Al-<ukhaai (0HHH)# Maalik# Ash-Shaafi and Al-<ayha,i)
07)Ibn Abbaas (a) said/
LL5is (swt) statement ((?hoe+e "efoms the PUmah befoe the 5a--)) until ((And
se+en if you ha+e etuned)) then this is u"on the one who has "e(eded 5a-- with
PUmah (Al-MutamttiP) if he does not find a sa(ifi(ial shee":lamb) It is then u"on him to
fast thee days in 5a-- befoe the day of PAafah and if the day of PAafah was the thid
then he has (om"leted his fast and se+en if he etuns ba(k to his family
(homeland)NN)
$e"oted by Ibn Jaee At-*abai (47B:4))
5is (swt) statement in the noble Ayaat ((So fast thee days in 5a--)) has been
e."lained:inte"eted by PAli# Ibn PUma and Ibn Abbaas (ah) in the e"ots 6#7 and = in whi(h
they say the fastin' should be "efomed befoe PAafah o the last day of the thee bein'
PAafah) *his means that they ae not "efomed on the days of At-*ashee, and this is (also)
due to the fobiddin' of fastin' the days of At-*ashee,) 5owe+e as these thee fasts ae
obli'ated by the ShaPa and also that the last days of 5a-- ae the days of At-*ashee,# then in
this (ase it is allowed fo the one who has not fasted the days in in its i'ht time to fast them in
the fobidden days i)e) the days of At-*ashee,)
*hee is theefoe a $ukhsah fo the one who has missed the "e+ious days to fast the days
of At-*ashee, and this is what (ame in the se(ond 5adeeth/ (*hee is no $ukhsah to fast
the days of At-*ashee, e.(e"t fo the one who (ould not find a 5ady (Sa(ifi(ial shee")))
*his $ukhsah has been esti(ted also to the one who was not able to a((om"lish the fasts
befoe and not an unesti(ted ulin' and this is due to the oi'inal ule bein' to fast the thee
days befoe the days of At-*ashee, and this meanin' has been mentioned in the fouth
5adeeth/ (And if he missed them then he should fast the days of Mina) and also in the fifth
Atha (e"ot)/ (So if he has not found a sa(ifi(ial shee" and has not fasted then he fasts the
days of Mina)) And the Aathaa ae statements of the Sahaabah# they ae not (ShaeePah)
e+iden(es# but they ae Islaami( ulin's (Ahkaam Ash-ShaeePah) and it is allowed to make
*a,leed to them and follow them) 5ee the statements of the Sahaabah e."lain and inte"et
the 8oble Ayah so it is (oe(t (+alid) to a((e"t this e."lanation and inte"etation es"e(ially
be(ause they ae the most able of the Muslims in undestandin' the Ayaat and e."lain thei
meanin's)
*heefoe we say that the fist 'ou" wee (oe(t when they said that it was fobidden to fast
in the days of At-*ashee, e.(e"t fo the one "efomin' 5a-- Al-*amattuP and did not find the
means fo a sa(ifi(ial shee":lamb) And I add to thei statement (And he who missed the fasts
(befoe At-*ashee,) and this is an addition whi(h must be made) As fo the "eo"le of Ash-
Shaafi would ha+e been ((om"letely) (oe(t in thei +iew had they had linked the eason to
the missin' of the thee days befoe the days of At-*ashee, and they wee in(oe(t fo
linkin' the easons of An-8adh (fasts fo boken oaths)# 2afaaaat (e."iations) and the
1adaa fasts be(ause the te.ts did not indi(ate e.(e"t a sin'le eason whi(h is the missin' of
"efomin' these fasts befoe the days of Mina) *he 8adh# 2afaaah and 1adaa ha+e not
been made a $ukhsah by the ShaPa hee and the oi'in is that the Muslim is esti(ted by the
8usoos and es"e(ially in the PIbaadaat)
/a#" 1l.3isaal (Fasting continuously day and through the night after Maghrib):
Al-?isaal is the (ontinuan(e of fastin' thou'h a day and ni'ht o moe than that
without makin' Iftaa) It is the o"inion of Ahmad# Isha,# Muhammad <in Al-Mundhi
fom the ShafiPiyah# Ibn 2hu3aimah# Ibn 5a-a and a 'ou" fom amon'st the
Maalikiyah that Al-?isaal is "emitted until the late ous of the ni'ht (As-Sah) i)e)
fastin' the day and the followin' ni'ht until its last "at o end) Muhammad <in Al-
Mundhi elated that Al-?isaal was +iewed as Makooh by Maalik# Sufyaan Ath-
*hawi# Ash-ShaafiP# Ahmad and Isha, and this is the +iew of Ibn 1udaamah) Ibn
5a-a said/ *he ma-oity ha+e said that Al-?isaal is 5aaam and thee ae two +iews
attibuted to Ash-ShaafiP/ *aheem ("ohibition) and 2aaahah (dislike) and An-
8awawi has esti(ted it) In Al-Umm (famous Shaafi book on Fi,h) Ash-ShaafiP states
that Al-?isaal is Mah3hoo (5aaam) and Ibn 5a3m de(laed it 5aaam) In (ontast it
was "emitted by PAbdullah <in A3-Iubai# his son PAami# the siste of Abu SaPeed#
Abu Al-Jaw3aa and Ibaheem At-*aimi) So that we (an ea(h the (oe(t 5ukm in
this issue then it ne(essay to e.amine the e+iden(es whi(h ae elated to it/
0>) PAaPisha (a) said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) fobade Al-?isaal and a me(y fo them (the
Muslims)) *hey said to him/ Aou "efom Al-?isaal@ 5e (saw) said/ I am not
like you in fom# Meily my $abb feeds me and "o+ides me with dinkNN)
$e"oted by Al-<ukhaai (0H=7)# Muslim An-8asaaPi)
0B) Ibn PUma (a) said/
LLMeily the 9o"het (saw) fobade Al-?isaal) *hey said/ Aou "efom Al-
?isaal@ 5e e"lied/ I am not like you (in fom)# +eily I am fed and "o+ided
with dinkNN)
0H) Abu 5uaiah (a) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LL<ewae of Al-?isaalC *hey said/ (<ut) Aou "efom Al-?isaal % Messen'e
of Allah@ 5e (saw) e"lied/ Meily you ae not like me in this# +eily I emain
while my $abb feeds me and "o+ides me with dinkNN)
$e"oted by Muslim (4;=>)) Ibn 2hu3aimah (4D>0)# Ahmad# Maalik and Ibn
Abi Shaibah e(oded the same e.(e"t LL<ewae of Al-?isaalNN was
e"eated thee times and in a +esion naated by Ad-&aaami (0>D7) and Ibn
5ibbaan the statement was e"eated twi(e)
4D) Anas (a) naated fom the 9o"het (saw) that he said/
LL&o not "efom Al-?isaal) *hey Said/ (<ut) Aou "efom Al-?isaal@ 5e
(saw) e"lied/ I am not like any one of you# +eily I am fed and "o+ided with
dink o +eily I emain at ni'ht bein' "o+ided with food and &ink (fom
Allah)NN)
$e(oded by Al-<ukhaai (0H=0)# Ahmad# Ibn 5ibbaan# Ibn Abi Shaibah and
Ad-&aaami) At-*imidhi naated it and said/ <ased on this 5adeeth some of
the "eo"le of knowled'e ha+e kaihoo (disliked) Al-?isaal in fastin') It has
been e"oted that PAbdullah Ibn Iubai use to make Al-?isaal fo days
without makin' IftaaNN)
40) Laylah the wife of <ashee E <in Al 2asaasiyah E said/
LLI wanted to fast two days (ontinuously but <ashee "e+ented me and said/
Meily the Messen'e of Allah (saw) fobade it and he said/ *his is what the
8asaaaa (Fhistians) do)))NN)
8aated by Ahmad (446D0)# At-*abaaani in Al-MuP-am Al-2abee# SaPeed <in
Mansoo and Abdu <in 5ameed with an Isnaad ((hain) whi(h has been
+eified to be Saheeh by Ibn 5a-a)
44) Abu 5uaiah (a) said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) used to (ontinue his fast until As-Saha (the
last "at of the ni'ht) so some of the (om"anions would do this also so he
fobade them) *hey said/ % Messen'e of Allah you "efom it@ 5e (saw)
e"lied/ Aou ae not like me# I emain with my $abb whilst he feeds me and
"o+ides dink fo meNN)
$e"oted by Ibn 2hu3aimah (4D>4) with a Saheeh (hain)
46) Abu &ha (a) said/
LL*he 9o"het (saw) (ontinued his fast two days and a ni'ht so Jibeel (as)
(ame to him and said/ Meily Allah A33a wa Jalla has a((e"ted you (ontinuin'
fast (Al-?isaal) but it is fobidden fo anyone othe than you and that is
be(ause Allah *abaaak wa *aPaalaa has said/ ((And (om"lete the fats until
the ni'ht)) and thee is no fastin' afte the ni'ht (has be'un) and he has
odeed me with Al-?it afte Fa-NN)
$e(oded by At-*abaaani in Al-MuP-am Al-Awsat (60=4)) In the (hain is Abdul
Maalik and Al-5aithami says/ I ha+e not known Abdul Maalik) Ibn 5a-a said/
*he Isnaad ((hain of naatos) is not Saheeh and it (aies no wei'ht as a
"oof:e+iden(e)
47) Samuah <in Al-Jundub (a) said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) fobade us to (ontinue ou fasts and not
in:fo Al-A3eemahNN)
$e(oded by Al-<a33aa (0D47)# At-*abaaani in Al-MuP-am Al-2abee) Al-
5aithami said/ Its Isnaad is &aPeef)
4;) PAli (a) said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) use to make Al-?isaal until As-Saha (last
"at of the ni'ht)NN)
$e(oded by Ahmad (>DD)# Ibn Shaibah and At-*abaaani in Al-MuP-am Al-
2abee) Al-5aithami said/ Its naatos ae Saheeh (tustwothy)) Abd u-
$a33aa, e(oded it fom the authoity of Muhammad <in PAli with the wodin'/
LL*he 9o"het (saw) use to make Al-?isaal fom Saha to SahaNN)
4=) Abd u-$ahman <in Abi Laylaa said that a man fom amon'st the Sahaabah
told him/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) fobade Al-5u-aamah ((u""in') and Al-
Muwaasalah ((ontinuin' the fast) but did not make them 5aaam as a
"ese+ation fo his Sahaabah) It was said to him/ % Messen'e of Allah you
(ontinue you fasts until the last "at of the ni'ht (As-Saha)@ 5e (saw) said/ I
do (ontinue until As-Saha and my $abb "o+ides me with food and dinkNN)
8aated by Abu &aawud (46>7)# Ahmad# Abd u-$a33aa, and Ibn Abi
Shaibah) Ibn 5a-a said it was Saheeh in its Isnaad and said/ *his is of the
best that has been naated on this sub-e(t)
4>) Abu SaPeed (a) said that he head the 9o"het (saw) sayin'/
LL&onPt (ontinue you fasts# and if anyone wants to make Al-?isaal then he
should do it until As-Saha) *hey said/ (<ut) Aou make Al-?isaal %
Messen'e of Allah@ 5e e"lied/ I am not like you in fom# I s"end the ni'ht
and I ha+e a feede to feed me and someone who "o+ides me with dinkNN)
($e(oded by Al-<ukhaai (0H=6)# Abu &aawud# Ahmad and Ibn 5a3m) Ibn
5a3m said/ ?e ha+e naated this also with a Saheeh (hain fom PAaPisha (a)#
Anas# Abu 5uaiah and Ibn PUma# all of them fom the Messen'e of Allah
(saw))
4B) Abu 5uaiah (a) said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) fobade Al-?isaal) So one of the Muslims
said/ (<ut) Aou % Messen'e of Allah do make Al-?isaal@ *he Messen'e of
Allah (saw) said/ I s"end the ni'ht and my $abb "o+ides me with food and
dink) So when they efused to sto" Al-?isaal they (ontinued day afte and
then they saw the 5ilaal (new moon)) 5e said/ 5ad only the moon be delayed
I would ha+e in(eased fo you# as a "unishment o wanin' fo them due to
efusin' to sto"NN)
$e"oted by Al-Muslim (4;==)# Al-<ukhaai# An-8asaaPi# Ahmad# Ibn 5ibbaan#
Ibn 5a3m and Ad-&aaami) In anothe naation fom Muslim (4;>D)# Ahmad#
Ibn 2hu3aimah the followin' wodin' was e"oted/ LL)))5e said/ *he
Messen'e took to "efomin' Al-?isaal and that was at the end of the month
so some of the (om"anions did likewise so the 9o"het (saw) said/ ?hat
sense o easonin' do those who "efom Al-?isaal ha+e@ Aou ae not like
me <y Allah if the month had been len'thened I would (ontinued to let those
who ha+e been followin' to be(ome (om"leted absobed (to be "unished o
feel the (onse,uen(es of thei a(tions)NN)
*he two hadeeth > and B ae &aPeef and ae left and not used as a "oof) *he
fobiddin' (ame in thee woded foms (Alfaa3h)/ (5e fobade the "efoman(e of Al-
?isaal) in Ahaadeeth 0#4#;#0D and 04 and (bewae of Al-?isaal) in hadeeth 6 and
(&o not make Al-?isaal) in hadeeths 7 and 00) *his fobiddin' in its thee foms is a
es"onse to those who say that Al-?isaal is allowed and ha+e said that it is Mubaah
("emissible)) It only emains to be seen whethe it is Makooh o 5aaam so we
need to e.amine the e+iden(e o 1aeenah that will s"e(ify fo us whi(h of these two
5ukms has been le'islated)
*he fouth 5adeeth e(oded by Ibn 2hu3aimah in whi(h he said/ (<ewae of Al-
?isaal# 5e said it thee times) so he (saw) said/ (<ewae of Al-?isaal# <ewae of Al-
?isaal# <ewae of Al-?isaal) and we do not see the Messen'e of Allah (saw) bein'
so ston' in fobiddin' Al-?isaal with this sten'th e.(e"t be(ause it is 5aaam and
not "emissible so the e"etition a(ts as a 1aeenah (indi(ation) that this is a
de(isi+e fobiddin') *hen (ame the twelfth hadeeth that mentioned that the 9o"het
(saw) had (nealy) "unished those who (ontinued thei fasts and efused to sto" Al-
?isaal i)e) efused the fobiddin' of Al-?isaal and des(ibed the "unishment as
*ankeel ("unishment) when they efused to sto") And all of this only 'uides towads
the fobiddin' bein' de(isi+e (Jaa3im) and a "ohibition (*aheem)) Ff it had not been
de(isi+e then why would the Messen'e of Allah (saw) seek to "unish and wan them
(tea(h them a lesson)) So the 5adeeth is suffi(ient an e+iden(e to say the 5ukm of
Al-?isaal is *aheem) It is also suffi(ient as a 1aeenah fo the fobiddin' in the
"e+iously mentioned Ahaadeeth and that is that it is a de(isi+e "ohibition without
doubt)
Afte this is the se(ond e"ot fom Muslim whi(h (onfims the de(isi+eness and
(ommitment when the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/ (<y Allah if the month had
been len'thened I would (ontinued to let those who ha+e been followin' to be(ome
(om"leted absobed (to be "unished o feel the (onse,uen(es of thei a(tions)) so
he des(ibed those who wee "efomin' Al-?isaal as the who had been absobed o
be(ome e.teme and theatened makin' the ?isaal lon' as a "unishment fo them
until they (ommit to the "ohibition and lea+e Al-?isaal) *heefoe the theat of
"unishment is a 1aeenah and the des(i"tion 'i+en to them is a se(ond 1aeenah
that the "ohibition of Al-?isaal mentioned in the Ahaadeeth is one of *aheem and
not 2aaahah (dislike) only)
As fo the theat of "unishment this is a""aent and as fo thei des(i"tion of bein'
e.teme (taPammu,) then this (ondition is 5aaam and (Mah3hoo) "ohibited by the
ShaPa) PAbdullah Ibn MasPood (a) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LL9eished ae the MutanttiPoon# he said it thee timesNN as e(oded by Muslim
(=>B7)# Abu &aawud and Ahmad) Al-MutanittiPoon is fom At-*anattuP and this has the
same meanin' as At-*aPammu, (e.temity)) *his has been said by the autho of
Mukhtaa As-Saheeh# Asaas Al-<alaa'hah# Lisaan AlPAab and othe than them so
At-*anattuP in the aabi( lan'ua'e is the same as At-*aPammu,) ?hen he (saw) said
in the 5adeeth/ (*he MutanattiPoon ae destoyed:"eished) then this means the
MutaPammi,oon ae "eished:destoyed and this (ould not be said unless "ossessin'
this des(i"tion was 5aaam)
Finally (omes 5adeeth numbe fi+e that des(ibes Al-?isaal as an a(tion of the
Fhistians and this is one of the most (lea woded foms showin' the intention of
*aheem and that is be(ause imitatin' the 2uffaa (disbelie+es) in issues of the
&een is 5aaam and not "emitted)
Fastin' is PIbaadah (a(t of woshi") and in ode fo Ibaadah to be +alid and allowed
to be "efomed then it is ne(essay fo it to be "esent in the ShaPa so if it is not
"esent in the ShaPa then it is not +alid to "efom it be(ause in that (ase it would not
in oi'in be an a(t of PIbaadah) So this is (oe(t in the (ase of the (ontinuous fast
(Al-?isaal) whee fo it to be (onsideed a le'al a(t of PIbaadah then thee must be a
ShaPa basis) If it is in the ShaPa then we (an do it and if not we stay away fom it and
if we do not then we ha+e attem"ted to woshi" Allah (swt) with othe than what he
has le'islated whi(h is 5aaam and not "emitted) So whee is the e+iden(e
"emittin' Al-?isaal@
So if someone was to say/ the Messen'e of Allah (saw) "efomed Al-?isaal we
would es"ond with his (saw) wods/ (I am not like you (in fom))# (Aou ae not like
me in this (matte))# (I am not like any one of you)# (Aou ae not like me) and (?hi(h
of you ae like me@)) *his fom of wodin' is of the (leaest foms indi(atin' that Al-
?isaal is of the mattes whi(h is s"e(ifi( to the Messen'e (saw) and not allowed fo
any one else to "efom o to (laim that it is le'islated fo any othe than him (saw))
So the mattes that ae s"e(ifi( (2hasaaPis) to the Messen'e of Allah (saw) ae not
le'islated fo the Muslims and only le'islated and le'al (+alid) fo him) *hey ae
issues whi(h ae esti(ted to him alone and this is well known in the ShaPa of Allah
to e+ey Fa,eeh S(hola of Fi,h) and one who has knowled'e of Fi,h)
And if somebody says/ *he fist hadeeth e."lains that the fobiddin' of Al-?isaal is
as a $ahmah (me(y) fo the "eo"le and that the tenth 5adeeth says/ (5e fobade
Al-5u-aamah ((u""in') and Al-?isaal and he did not make them 5aaam as a
"ese+ation (safe'uad) fo his (om"anions) and this e"esents an PIllah (easonin')
fo the fobiddin' of Al-?isaal and the PIllah (eason) is linked to the issue bein'
easoned in "esen(e and absen(e) *he 5ukm e.ists in the "esen(e of the PIllah
(le'al eason) and does not in its absen(e) So the "eson if he is (a"able of
"efomin' Al-?isaal then the PIllah of $ahmah has been ne'ated fo him@ ?e will
answe this with the followin' e."lanation/
*he easonin' of $ahmah linked to Al-?isaal and the "ese+ation u"on the "eo"le
was mentioned in the s"ee(h of PAaPisha (a) in the fist 5adeeth and was a
statement of a Sahaabi in tenth hadeeth) It is not fom the wods of the Messen'e of
Allah (saw)) PAaPisha (a) mentioned that the fobiddin' fom the Messen'e (saw)
was only as a $ahmah fo the "eo"le and the Sahaabi mentioned that it was fo the
well kee"in' of the "eo"le) It is "ossible to e.(e"t this easonin' if it hadnPt been
e-e(ted by the (lea te.ts that ha+e fobidden Al-?isaal absolutely so due to this the
easonin' has to be abandoned and attention not "ayed to it)
%u 8oble Messen'e (saw) "ohibited Al-?isaal based on two mattes/ *he fist
be(ause it was fom his 2hasaaPis (i)e) issues:ules whi(h ae s"e(ifi( fo him and
nobody else) and we ha+e aleady e."lained this and se(ondly be(ause of At-
*aPammu, (e.(essi+eness) in the &een and the issue of $ahmah o fo the well
bein' of the "eo"le does not (ome into it) ?e theefoe esti(t ousel+es to what the
Messen'e (saw) e."lained and we lea+e what PAaPisha (a) and the Sahaabi (a)
thou'ht o mentioned)
And in es"e(t to the tenth 5adeeth fom the Sahaabi in whi(h it was said/ (5e
fobade Al-5u-aamah ((u""in') and Al-?isaal but he did not make it 5aaam)) !+en
thou'h the fist "at of the 5adeeth is (onsideed MafooPan to the Messen'e and
should be a((e"ted the se(ond "at (<ut he did not make them 5aaam) should be
(onsideed as the I-tihaad and undestandin' of this Sahaabi in what he has
tansmitted) ?e ae not bound by the I-tihaad of the Sahaabi o his undestandin'
es"e(ially when te.ts ha+e (ome whi(h o""ose and (ontadi(t this I-tihaad and
undestandin')
It (ould also be said that the ele+enth 5adeeth has le'islated Al-?isaal fo the
Muslims until As-Saha so in that (ase Al-?isaal is le'al) So we say to this/ It is a
*akhsees (s"e(ifi(ation) to an PAam ('eneality) and the ShaPa "emits the
s"e(ifyin' of the 'eneal without doubt) *heefoe the ShaPa that fobade Al-?isaal
'eneally took out Al-?isaal until the Saha fom this 'eneality so this means that it
allowed Al-?isaal until As-Saha but did not allow othe o 'eate than this) It not
s"e(ify any thin' else and did not abo'ate the 'eneal ule so the 'eneal ule
emains in "la(e and this is (lea in the ele+enth 5adeeth itself be(ause its be'innin'
says/ (&o not "efom Al-?isaal) without esti(tion) It then said/ (So whoe+e of you
wants to "efom Al-?isaal then he should do that until As-Saha) and the se(ond
statement fo sue does not abo'ate the fist so the fist "at emains and the
se(ond statement also emains and both of them ae le'islated and neithe one
(an(els out o abo'ates the othe)
So we say that Al-?isaal fo moe than a day until As-Saha (i)e) the time of Sahoo)
is 5aaam and not "emissible) *he 5aaam and sin in(eases the lon'e the fast is
(ontinued "ast the "oint le'islated by Allah (swt) and (ommanded by 5im)
Fom this it be(omes a""aent that what the ma-oity ha+e said in makin' Al-wisaal
5aaam is the (oe(t +iew and o"inion) Also it is a""aent that the +iew of 2aaahah
(dislike) is an eo let alone the o"inion whi(h has said that it is "emissible)
The fasting of the aa=id (Menstruating #o"an) and $ufasaa (>hildbirth
bleeding #o"an):
It is not "emissible fo the 5aaPid and 8ufasaa to fast while they ae in these two
states and this issue has been dis(ussed in the (ha"te (Fastin' of $amadhaan E
Geneal ules))
The reco""ended fasting of a #o"an #ithout the *er"ission of her husband:
It is not 5alaal fo a woman to fast e(ommended fasts e.(e"t afte takin' "emission
fom he husband and we ha+e also dis(ussed this (om"letely "e+iously unde the
title / (*he fastin' of the woman with the "emission of he husband) in the (ha"te/
($e(ommended fasts E Fistly/ Geneal ules))
>ha*ter /even ? 1l.@affaaraat (A7*iations)
a)1l.@affaaraat #ith Fasts
Fasting t#o consecutive "onths:
Firstly: Fasting of 1Bh.Chihaar:
A3h-Ihihaa is the sayin' of the husband to his wife/ PAou ae like the ba(k of my
MumP# o simila to this like Pthe ba(k of my siste# "atenal# matenal aunt o any
othe Maham female who it is fobidden to mayP) *he "u"ose of this s"ee(h is to
say that he has fobidden se.ual elations with his wife)
*he 2affaaah (e."iation) fo A3h-Ihihaa is fistly (in oi'in) the feein' of a sla+e
and sin(e thee ae no lon'e sla+es today the fist (ouse of a(tion be(omes fastin'
two (onse(uti+e months and this is fo the one who has the sten'th ((a"ability)) If he
is not (a"able due to illness# old a'e o weakness and failty (skinniness) then he
must feed si.ty Miskeen one meal ea(h)
*he 2affaaah is obli'atoy on the husband if he wants to etun to se.ual elations
with his wife) <efoe (om"letin' the 2affaaah she is not 5alaal fo him# said in
anothe way the 2affaaah is obli'atoy when he wants to eta(t his statement of
fobiddin' se.ual elations between them to a situation whee it is 5alaal fo him)
?hen he says that his wife is 5alaal fo him# then at that time the 2affaaah be(omes
obli'atoy u"on him befoe they e-en'a'e in maital elations)
*hese Ahkaam (ules) ae not "at of the ules of Fastin' but I wanted to 'i+e a
summay if the matte without del+in' into the e+iden(es fo the benefit of the noble
eades in the (ase whee it had a link to the sub-e(t of fastin') *he e+iden(e fo the
2affaaah of A3h-Ihihaa bein' fastin' two (onse(uti+e months is the s"ee(h of
Allah (swt)/
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LL*hose amon' you who make thei wi+es unlawful to them by (Ihihaa) (i)e) by
sayin' to them RAou ae like my mothePs ba(k)R) they (annot be thei mothes) 8one
(an be thei mothes e.(e"t those who 'a+e them bith) And +eily# they utte an ill
wod and a lie) And +eily# Allah is %ft-9adonin'# %ft-Fo'i+in') (4) And those who
make unlawful to them thei wi+es by Ihihaa and wish to fee themsel+es fom what
they utteed# (the "enalty) in that (ase is the feein' of a sla+e befoe they tou(h
ea(h othe) *hat is an admonition to you (so that you may not e"eat su(h an ill
thin')) And Allah is All-Awae of what you do) (6) And he who finds not (the money
fo feein' a sla+e) must fast two su((essi+e months befoe they both tou(h ea(h
othe) And he who is unable to do so# should feed si.ty Miskeen ("oo)) *hat is in
ode that you may ha+e "efe(t Faith in Allah and 5is Messen'e) *hese ae the
limits set by Allah) And fo disbelie+es# thee is a "ainful tomentNN
(Ayaat 4-7 Suah Al-Mu-aadilah)
/econdly: Fasting of the accidental killer
?hen somebody kills an inno(ent "eson my mistake (a((ident) then it is obli'atoy
fistly fo him to fee a sla+e and "ay &iyah (blood money) to the +i(tims family) 5e
does not "ay it fom his own money but athe his (lan (family# "eo"le) "ay fom thei
wealth) &ue to the absen(e of sla+es then the one who has killed a 8afs ("eson) by
mistake must fast two (onse(uti+e months and his (lan must "ay &iyah (<lood
money) to the family of the killed "eson)
As fo the fastin' of two months then it is ne(essay fo the days to be (onse(uti+e
without any beaks in this e.(e"t due to illness o menstuation and (hild bith
bleedin' if the kille was a woman) At-*abai naated in his *afsee that SaPeed Ibn
Al-Musayyib# Al-5asan# PAtaa# PAmu <in &eenaa and PAami Ash-ShaPbi +iewed that
who e+e fasts two (onse(uti+e months and beaks the fast (at any "oint) due to a
le'itimate e.(use like illness then he will (afte that) (ontinue and (om"lete his fast
and add the days that wee missed) *his is the (oe(t +iew)
In Al-MuwattaP (of Imaam Maalik) (4;7:0) it is mentioned/ (Aahya said/ I head Maalik
sayin'/ *he best of what I ha+e head (on(enin' the fastin' of two (onse(uti+e
months of the mistaken killin' o A3h-Ihihaa and the one who has been e."osed to
illness and is o+e(ome by it so that he beaks his fast) 5e should afte e(o+ey fom
illness and the e'ainin' of sten'th esume the fast and not delay it and in(ease
a((odin' to what he has missed of fasts) Similaly a woman if she must fast two
(onse(uti+e months as a esult of mistaken killin' and then menstuates within he
obli'ed fastin' # then when she has "uified heself she must delay to esume he
fastin' and in(ease the "eiod of days a((odin' to what she has missed) It is not
allowed fo any one who has been obli'ed with two (onse(uti+e months of fastin' to
beak it e.(e"t due to illness and menstuation and it is not allowed to ta+el and
beak his fast)) *his is a sound e."lanation)
*he e+iden(e fo the fastin' of two (onse(uti+e months fo the non-intentional kille is
the statement of Allah (swt)/
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LLIt is not fo a belie+e to kill a belie+e e.(e"t (that it be) by mistake# and
whosoe+e kills a belie+e by mistake# (it is odained that) he must set fee a
belie+in' sla+e and a (om"ensation (blood money# i)e) &iyah) be 'i+en to the
de(easedPs family# unless they emit it) If the de(eased belon'ed to a "eo"le at wa
with you and he was a belie+eO the feein' of a belie+in' sla+e (is "es(ibed)# and if
he belon'ed to a "eo"le with whom you ha+e a teaty of mutual allian(e#
(om"ensation (blood money - &iyah) must be "aid to his family# and a belie+in'
sla+e must be feed) And whoso finds this (the "enan(e of feein' a sla+e) beyond
his means# he must fast fo two (onse(uti+e months in ode to seek e"entan(e fom
Allah) And Allah is !+e Allb2nowin'# Allb?iseNN)
(Ayah H4 Suah An-8isaa)
Thirdly: The fasting of the one #ho has se7ual relations #ith his #ife during
the day ti"e of (a"adhaan
It is not "emitted fo a man to ha+e se.ual elations with his wife e.(e"t afte Iftaa
at ni'ht and if he has elations with he whilst fastin' then he has boken his fast) It
then be(omes obli'atoy fo him to fee a sla+e and if he does not ha+e one to fee
as is the situation today then he must in this (ase fast two (onse(uti+e months) If he
does not "ossess the (a"ability due to illness o inability then he must feed si.ty
Miskeen ("oo "eo"le)) *he e+iden(es fo this ae the followin'/
07) Abu 5uaiah (a) said/
LLA man a""oa(hed the Messen'e of Allah (saw) and said/ % Messen'e
of Allah (saw) I am destoyed) 5e said/ ?oe to you (why@)) 5e said/ I had
elations with my wife duin' $amadhaan) 5e e"lied/ Fee a sla+e) 5e said/ I
do not "ossess one) 5e e"lied/ Fast two (onse(uti+e months) 5e said/ I am
not (a"able) 5e e"lied/ *hen feed si.ty "oo "eo"le) 5e said/ I do not ha+e it
(the finan(ial means)) 5e (saw) 'a+e him a basket (of food with a ,uantity of
0; SaaPan) and said/ *ake it and 'i+e it as Sada,ah) 5e said/ % Messen'e of
Allah (saw) should I 'i+e it to othe than my family@ 5e (saw) e"lied/ <y the
one in whose hand is my soul thee is no one within the two sides of Al-
Madeenah who is moe destitute and in need than me) *he 9o"het (saw)
lau'hed until his ba(k teeth showed and said/ *ake it (i)e) distibute the
Sada,ah to youself:family)NN)
$e"oted by Al-<ukhaai (=0=7)# Muslim# Abu &aawud# An-8isaaPi# At-
*imidhi# Ahmad and Ad-&aaami)
0;) Also on the authoity of Abu 5uaiah who said/
LL*he 9o"het (saw) odeed a man who boke his fast in $amadhaan to fee
a sla+e o fast two months o feed si.ty MiskeenNN)
$e(oded by Muslim (4;HH)# Abu &aawud# Ahmad# Maalik and Al-<ayha,i)
*he se(ond hadeeth (ame PAam (in a 'eneal fom) with the wods (A man boke his
fast in $amadhaan) and the fist 5adeeth (ame s"e(ifi(ally fo the one who boke his
fast by ha+in' se.ual elations) *he PAam hadeeth# the se(ond (an be (aied on to
the 2haass (s"e(ifi() of the fist hadeeth) So we say that whoe+e has boken the
fast due to se.ual inte(ouse in $amadhaan then he must "efom two (onse(uti+e
months of fastin'# if he is able to do this# and if not then he must feed si.ty "oo)
As fo how to fast these two months then the hadeeth sti"ulates (*wo (onse(uti+e
months) and this is what all of the Fu,ahaa and Ulamaa ha+e 'one with the
e.(e"tion of what was naated fom Ibn Abi Laylaa in a weak 5adeeth e(oded by
Maalik in whi(h he "emitted to se"aate and s"ead out the fasts) *he ma-oity of
Fu,ahaa ha+e made it a (ondition that $amadhaan is not one of the two months and
that they do not in(lude 5aaam days fo fastin' like the two P!ids and days of At-
*ashee,) *he Ahnaaf and ShaafiPiyah say that the (onse(uti+eness is disu"ted
(boken) e+en if boken due to a eason with the e.(e"tion of the 5aaPid and 8ufasaa
as they do not distub the followin') Al-Maalikiyah said that the (onse(uti+eness of
the fast is boken if the fast is boken o Iftaa made delibeately befoe the
(om"letion of the two months)
In this e'ad I say the followin'/
As fo the +iew of Ibn Abi AaPlaa it is Shaadh (ie'ula) and no attention is 'i+en to it
and it is not allowed to be used be(ause it is in o""osition and (ontadi(tion to the
Ahaadeeth that sti"ulate (onse(uti+eness) As fo the +iew of the ma-oity that
$amadhaan should not be one of the months then this is (lealy (oe(t and an
ob+ious "oint) As fo thei +iew that the months should not in(lude "ohibited days of
fastin' as well as the +iew of the Ahnaaf and ShaafiPiyah that the (onse(uti+eness of
the fasts is boken e+en if thee is a eason e.(e"t fo the menstuatin' and (hild
bith bleedin' woman# is not "e(ise and not entiely (oe(t) As fo it not bein'
entiely (oe(t this is be(ause the statement that the fasts do not in(lude "ohibited
days is not (oe(t and due to the statement of the Ahnaaf and ShaafiPiyah that the
fast is boken by makin' Iftaa e+en with a eason e.(e"t fo the 5aaPid and 8ufasaa
then this is not "e(ise and this is be(ause the ShaPa has not s"e(ified the months
fo fastin') *his means that any two (onse(uti+e months fom amon'st the twel+e
months with the ob+ious e.(e"tion of $amadhaan ae suitable fo fastin' the
2affaaah) So whoe+e "ohibits the fastin' in the month of &hul 5i--ah does not ha+e
an e+iden(e fo this and similaly the month of Shawaal) Also the fastin' is not
distubed o boken le'ally if thee is an e.(use that "e+ents the fast) Al-5ayd and
An-8ifaas is a eason# sto""in' the two days of !id and those of At-*ashee, is a
eason and illness is also a eason if it makes the one fastin' unable to fast and none
of these easons o e.(uses ae any less si'nifi(ant than the othe so as to
diffeentiate between them) *hese e.(uses do not (an(el the (onse(uti+eness if they
(ome within the two months and the (onse(uti+e fastin' stands and emains and is
ewaded)
As fo the e.(use of ta+ellin' s"e(ifi(ally# then it is an e.(use not e,ual to the othes
and likewise is the illness whi(h does not "e+ent the fast) In my +iew these e.(uses
beak the (onse(uti+e fast be(ause Allah (swt) allowed the fastin' in ta+el and did
not makin' ta+el a "e+ention fo fastin' in (ontast to the situation and e.(uses
atta(hed to the two !ids# the 5aaPid# 8ufasaa and those without (a"ability) So based
on this I say that it is not "emitted to beak the (onse(uti+eness of the fast fo the
eason of ta+el and it is obli'atoy to (ontinue the fast whilst he is ta+ellin' in this
(ase
?hat emains is the issue elated to the one who has had elations with his wife moe
than on(e in the month of $amadhaan and what the 2affaaah (e."iation) should be@
Abu 5aneefah# Maalik and Ash-ShaafPi ha+e +iewed that whoe+e has had elations
with his wife moe than on(e on the same day then he is obli'ed to make one
2affaaah fo the fist a(t e+en if he had e."iated fo the fist o not) Ahmad said/ If
his se(ond a(t was afte his makin' !."iation (intention) fo the fist then he has to
make a se(ond 2affaaah be(ause he made ille'al inte(ouse and is simila to the
fist one) *his is s"e(ifi( to the one who has had inte(ouse two times o moe in one
day)
As fo if the a(t was s"ead in two o moe days of $amadhaan# the Abu 5aneefah#
A3-Iuhi and Al-Awa3aaPi ha+e said that if a man does it in the se(ond day befoe he
has made 2affaaah fo the fist day then makin' one 2affaaah (fo both) is
suffi(ient) If he has made 2affaaah afte the fist day then thee ae two e"ots
attibuted to Abu 5aneefah/ Maalik# Ash-ShaafiP# Al-Laith# PAtaa# Makhool# Ibn Al-
Mundhi and Ahmad ion the ston'est of two e"ots attibuted to him and &aawud
<in PAli say that it is ?aa-ib to make 2affaaah fo e+ey day whethe he had made
2affaaah on the fist day o not) So I say the followin'/
As fo the e"etition of intimate elations in one day then one 2affaaah (e."iation) is
suffi(ient fo him and it be(ame obli'atoy with the fist a(t and it is not obli'atoy to
make 2affaaah fo what is afte that and this is be(ause the 2affaaah is obli'atoy
fo the one who beaks his Iftaa with se.ual elations and who has boken the
san(tity of fastin' with this a(t) 5e had done that with the fist a(t so it is not needed
to "efom anothe 2affaaah u"on a se(ond a(t be(ause he has aleady (ommitted
the a(t and boken his fast) *heefoe the +iew of Abu 5aneefah# Maalik and Ash-
ShaafPi is the (oe(t +iew) If he (ommitted the a(t in a day and boke his fast then
the 2affaaah has be(ome (om"ulsoy then if he did the same on a se(ond day then
he has boken his fast a'ain and theefoe must make anothe 2affaaah) If it is
e"eated# he must make 2affaaah fo e+eyday in whi(h he has had se.ual
elations) *hese 2affaaaat (annot be me'ed into one anothe be(ause ea(h fast of
$amadhaan is an inde"endent a(t of woshi" standin' on its own) ?hat (ou"ts
(in+alidates) the fast of one day does not in+alidate anothe days fast) !+en if
$amadhaan is (onsideed as one a(t of PIbaadah then would (ou"tin' one days
fast (ou"t and in+alidate the whole month@ And nobody has e+e said this) So in
the (ase whee e+ey day is a se"aate inde"endent a(t of PIbaadah fom othe days#
then ea(h a(t (o day of fastin') has to be +iewed in its own i'ht and does not
(ontain o in(lude othe than it) So whoe+e has (ommitted se.ual elations then he
has (ou"ted the fastin' of that day and is e,uied to "efom Al- 2afaaah and the
emainin' fasts ae not faasid ((ou"ted)) If he etuns to this a(t and (ou"ts
anothe days fast then he needs to make anothe 2afaaah and this is ne(essay)
*his is ies"e(ti+e to whethe he had made 2afaaah fom the "e+ious day o not)
*heefoe the +iew of Maalik# Ash-ShaafPi and Ahmad is (oe(t in this issue)
*his 2affaaah is only e,uied fo the one who has boken the fastin' of $amadhaan
and does not in(lude the one who has boken the fast of An-8adh (oaths)# the
1adaa fast o the e(ommended fasts) *his is the o"inion of the ma-oity of Ulamaa
and is (oe(t and in (ontast to the +iew of 1ataadah who obli'ated Al-2affaaah fo
(ou"tin' (beakin':in+alidatin') the 1adaa fasts of $amadhaan)
Fasting ten days:
*his (on(ens the 5aa-i Al-MutamattiP (followed PUmah with 5a--) who does not
"ossess a sa(ifi(ial lamb:shee") In ode to e."lain this issue I say the followin'/
*he 5a-- is of thee ty"es/ 5a-- Al-Ifaad and this is whee the 5aa-i makes intention
fo the 5a-- alone# so PUmah does not ente u"on it) Se(ondly# 5a-- Al-1iaan# whi(h
is whee the 5aa-i makes the intention of 5a-- and PUmah to'ethe i)e) linked to ea(h
othe) And thidly 5a-- At-*amattuP# whee he makes intention fo the PUmah fist#
then afte "efomin' it he eleases the Ihaam# waits until the day of PAafah o the
day of At-*awiyah befoe it and then makes the Ihaam makin' intention fo 5a--
alone) Al-ha-- At-*amattuP obli'es slau'htein' a sa(ifi(ial animal# and if he does not
"ossess (o (an affod to "ossess) a sa(ifi(e then it be(omes obli'atoy on him to
fast ten days# thee in the days of 5a-- and se+en when he etuns to his home (land)
and family ("eo"le)) *he e+iden(e fo this is/
0) Allah (swt) says/

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(And "efom "o"ely the 5a-- and PUmah fo Allah) <ut if you ae "e+ented#
sa(ifi(e a 5ady (sa(ifi(ial animal) su(h as you (an affod# and do not sha+e you
heads until the 5ady ea(hes the "la(e of sa(ifi(e) And whoe+e of you is ill o has
an ailment in his s(al"# he must "ay a Fidyah (ansom) of eithe obse+in' fast o
'i+in' Sada,ah o offein' a sa(ifi(e) *hen if you ae in safety and whosoe+e
"efoms the PUmah in the months of 5a--# befoe ("efomin') the 5a--# (i)e) 5a---at-
*amattuP and Al-1iWn)# he must slau'hte a 5ady su(h as he (an affod# but if he
(annot affod it# he should obse+e Saum (fasts) thee days duin' the 5a-- and
se+en days afte his etun (to his home)# makin' ten days in all))))
(Suah/ <a,aah Ayah/ 0H=)
0) PAbdullah Ibn PUma (a) said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (as) in the 5i--at Al-?adaa (*he faewell
"il'ima'e) "efomed At-*amattPu# PUmah to 5a--) 5e mentioned
the 5adeeth until he said/ *he 9o"het (saw) said/ a ?hoe+e does not
find a sa(ifi(ial animal# then he should fast thee days in 5a-- and se+en
when he etuns to his "eo"le (family)))NN)
$e(oded by Al-<ukhaai (0=H0) and Muslim) ?e ha+e (o+eed moe on
this issue in the sub-e(t (Fastin' the days of At-*ashee,) in the (ha"te
(*he "ohibited fasts that ae not "emitted))
Fasting three days:
Firstly: The fasting of 1l.aanith fee Da"eenih (The one #ho breaks his oath)
?hoe+e beaks his oath must feed ten Masaakeen ("oo "eo"le) o (lothe them# o
fee a sla+e) If he does not ha+e suffi(ient funds o own a sla+e like what is nomal in
ou "esent day then in this (ase it is obli'atoy to fast thee days) Al-5alf:5ilf
(sweain' an oath) is only allowed usin' AllahPs name# his names and attibutes and
it is not 5alaal to make an oath in othe than this) So it isnPt allowed to make an oath
on the "o"het# o in Islaam o Fathe o honou o anythin' e.(e"t fo Allah# his
names and attibutes alone)
If the "eson makin' an oath is not sue that he will be able to fulfil it then it is
"ossible fo him to make a "e(aution fo himself by sayin' InshaAllah when he
makes the oath and in this (ase he would not be obli'ed to fulfil the oath and thee
would be no 2affaaah obli'ed u"on him)
*hese ae the e+iden(es/
40) Allah (swt) says/
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Allah will not "unish you fo what is unintentional in you oaths# but 5e will "unish you
fo you delibeate oathsO fo its 2affaaah (e."iation) feed ten Masaakeen ("oo)# on
a s(ale of a+ea'e of that whi(h you feed you own families# o (lothe them o
manumit a sla+e) <ut ?hosoe+e (annot affod (that)# then he should fast thee days)
*hat is the e."iation fo the oaths when you ha+e swon# And "ote(t you oaths)
*hus Allah makes (lea to you his Ayaat ("oofs# si'ns# lessons) that you may be
'ateful)
Suah Al-MaaPidah Ayaah BH
0) PAbdullah Ibn PUma (a) said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) ea(hed PUma ibn Al-2hattaab while
idin' and makin' an oath on his fathe) So he (saw) said/ Meily Allah
(swt) has fobidden that oaths ae swon with the names of you fathes
so whoe+e wishes to swea and oath must do so with AllahPs (swt) name
o kee" silentNN)
$e"oted by Al-<ukhaai (==7=)# Muslim# Ad-&aaami and Al-<ayha,i)
An-8asaaPi and Al-5aakim e"oted it without the last "at)
4) Abu 5uaiah (a) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LL&o not swea oaths on you fathes# and not you mothes# o (false)
i+als) And do not swea oaths e.(e"t with Allah and do not swea with
Allah unless you ae Saadi,oon (tuthful)NN)
$e"oted by Abu &aawud (647B)# An-8asaaPi# Al-<ayha,i and Ibn
5ibbaan)
6) Ibn PUma (a) ea(hed the 9o"het (saw) and he said/
LL?hoe+e sweas an oath and he says InshaAllah then he he has made
an e.(e"tionNN)
$e(oded by Abu &aawud (64=0)# An-8asaaPi# At-*imidhi# Ahmad# Ad-
&aaami# Al-5aakim and Ibn 5ibbaan) *he wodin' of At-*imidhi (0;>D)
is/ L?hoe+e sweas an oath and says InshaAllah then he has not boken
(+iolated) an oathN) *he Laf3h of Ad-&aaami (467D) and Al-5aakim is/
L?hoe+e sweas an oath and then says InshaAllah then he has a
(hoi(e# If he wishes he (an "efom it and if he wishes he (an lea+e itN)
May the one who says that I ha+e stayed a little fom ou study hee "adon me# as I
ha+e "ut down somethin' of Ahkaam that ha+e no die(t link with the to"i( of fastin')
/econdly: The fasting of 1l.aanith fee $adhrihi (the one #ho breaks-violates
his vo#-*ledge)
Just as the one who beaks his oath (Aameen) fasts thee days as 2affaaah# the
one who beaks his +ow (8adh) also must fast thee days as 2affaaah (e."iation))
*he e+iden(e fo this is the followin'/
4H) PU,bah <in PAami (a) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LL*he 2affaaah of An-8adh is the 2affaaah of Al-AameenNN)
$e(oded by Muslim (74;6)# Abu &aawud# An-8asaaPi# Ibn Maa-ah and
Ahmad)
4) Also fom PU,bah (a)/
LL*hat he asked the 9o"het (saw) about a siste of his who took a +ow to
"efom 5a-- baefooted and baeheaded) So he (saw) said/ Fommand he to (o+e
he head and to ide and to fast thee daysNN)
$e(oded by Abu &aawud (64H6) and Ibn Maa-ah) At-*imidhi said that/ *he
hadeeth is 5asan and some of the "eo"le of 2nowled'e wok with it and this is
the +iew of Ahmad and Isha,)
*hese e+iden(es ae (lea in meanin' and do not e,uie futhe e."lanation)
I would like to bin' attention to the matte that the one makin' the +ow may ha+e
+owed to fast many o few days and in this situation he must fulfil his +ow and fast
the days that he has +owed) *his fastin' howe+e falls into the (ate'oy of Mows and
not the <aab ((ate'oy) of fastin' and I wanted to bin' attention to this hee without
the need of "esentin' a s"e(ifi( se"aate se(tion o dis(ussion on the matte)
Fasting #hich has not been s*ecified and this is the killing of hunting *rey
#hilst in a state of +hraa" (in a'' etcEEE)
At-*abai (>:;>) e"oted fom Ibn Abbaas (a) that he said/ L(% an e,ui+alent to
that in fastin') 5e said// If a Muhim kills anythin' of As-sayd (hunted "ey) then he
will be -ud'ed a((odin' to it) If he killed a 'a3elle o simila to that the he should
slau'hte a shee" in Makkah# if he (annot then he should feed si. Masaakeen and if
he (annot then he should fast thee days) If he killed a Sta' (bi' dee) o simila to
that# then he must slau'hte a (ow# and if he (annot then feed twenty miskeen and if
he (annot then he must fast twenty days) If he has killed an osti(h o a 3eba o
simila to that then he must sa(ifi(e the fat "at of a (amel# if he (annot then feed
thity "oo and if he (annot then he should fast thity days and the food should be
measued Muddun Muddun (a ,uantity of measuement) to satisfy themN) So Ibn
Abbaas mentioned in one (ase fastin' thee days# in anothe twenty and anothe
thity in the thid (ase) *he fastin' "es(ibed is theefoe ,uantified a((odin' to the
si3e of animal that has been killed in the hunt)
In summay I say/ *he li+e +alue of the killed "ey is +alued a((odin' to the "i(e of
'eneal food o wheat and then he fasts fo e+ey Mudd (measuement of food) one
day (if he (annot feed the "oo o sa(ifi(e a suitable animal)) *he Messen'e of
Allah (saw) made the Mudd of wheat e,ual to fastin' a day in the 2affaaah of the
one who has elations with his wife in $amadhaan) *he hunted "ey whi(h is meant
hee is e+ey animal with the e.(e"tion of the (ow# bu33ads (kite)# ats# s(o"ions
and +oa(ious do' # be(ause these animals ae fawaasi, (beasts) and thee is no
"unishment o "enalty fo killin' them whilst in the state of Ihaam)
*he e+iden(e fo this is/
0) *he sayin' of Allah (swt)
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(% you who belie+eC 2ill not the 'ame while you ae in a state of Ihaam (Fo 5a-- o
PUmah) and whosoe+e of you kills intentionally# the "enalty is an offein'# bou'ht to
the 2aPbah# of an edible animal e,ui+alent to the one that he killed# as ad-ud'ed by
two -ust men fom amon'st youO o# he should feed Masaakeen ("oo)# o its
e,ui+alent in fastin'# that he mat taste the hea+iness ("unishment) of his deed) Allah
has fo'i+en what is "ast# but whoe+e (ommits it a'ain# Allah will take etibution
fom him) And Allah is All-Mi'hty# All-Able of etibution)
Suah Al-MaaPidah Ayaah H;
4) PAbdullah (a) said/ I head the 9o"het (saw) sayin'/
LLFi+e ae the beasts fo killin' whi(h thee is no sin fo the Muhim/
(ow# kite (bu33ad)# s(o"ion# at and +oa(ious do'NN)
8aated by Muslim (4B>6)) *he 2ite is a bid that snat(hes (hi(kens) And
fom PAaPiash in anothe +esion fom Muslim (4B=4) she naates/
LL*hee ae fi+e hamful thin's that should be killed in the state of Ihaam
o othewise/ snake# s"e(kled (ow# at# +oa(ious do' and kiteNN) She
mentions the snake in the "la(e of s(o"ion) Al-<ukhaai also naated it)
(6) 1l.@affaaraat bil.Fidyah ((anso"):
5ee we will only dis(uss Al-Fidyah in what is elated to fastin'/
Firstly: Muu'ibaat 1l.@affaarah (conditions-re<uire"ents):
1 ? +nability to fast:
*he one who is in(a"able of fastin' is the eldely man o woman# the ill "eson who
is in(a"able of fastin' due to the illness and does not ho"e that he will be fee of it
and those who ae simila to this) Allah (swt) says/
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% you who belie+eC %bse+in' As-Saum (the fastin') is "es(ibed fo you as it was
"es(ibed fo those befoe you# that you may be(ome Al-Mutta,un
U%bse+in' Saum (fasts)V fo a fi.ed numbe of days# but if any of you is ill o on a
-ouney# the same numbe (should be made u") fom othe days) And as fo those
who (an fast with diffi(ulty# (e)') an old man)# they ha+e (a (hoi(e eithe to fast o) to
feed a Miskin ("oo "eson) (fo e+ey day)) <ut whoe+e does 'ood of his own
a((od# it is bette fo him) And that you fast is bette fo you if only you know)
Suaah Al-<a,aah Ayah 0B6-7
*he wod Al-Fidyah means e(om"ense and e.(han'e:e"la(ement)
*he Mufassioon and Fu,ahaa and e+en the Sahaabah (ah) ha+e diffeed in es"e(t
to whethe Ayah 0B7 has been abo'ated o not) Salamah <in AkwaP (a) said/
L?hen ()))and as fo those who (an fast with diffi(ulty they ha+e ((hoi(e to fast o) to
feed a Miskeen) was e+ealed# thee was those who wanted to beak thei fast and
"ay the Fidyah until the Ayah that (ame afte it abo'ated itN) 8aated by Al-
<ukhaai (7;D>)# Muslim# Abu &aawud# An-8asaaPi and At-*imidhi) 8aafiP elated
fom Ibn PUma (a) that/ L5e ead (Fidyatun *aPaamu Miskeen:Fidyah to feed a "oo
"eson) he said/ Mansookhah (abo'ated)N) $e(oded by Al-<ukhaai (7;D=)# At-
*abai and Al-<ayha,i) And Saheeh Al-<ukhaai (6H) in the (ha"te Uand as fo
those who (an fast with diffi(ulty they ha+e ((hoi(e to fast o) to feed a MiskeenV
mentions that Ibn Abi Layla told us/ the (om"anions of Muhammad (saw) told us
L$amadhaan (ame and thee wee diffeen(es) Some use to feed a Miskeen in
"la(e of fastin' althou'h he was able to fast# and they had a $ukhsah in this and
then it was abo'ated with (And that you fast is bette fo you) So they wee odeed
to fastN)
*hese thee e"ots (Aathaa) mention the statement of Allah (swt) ()))and as fo
those who (an fast with diffi(ulty they ha+e ((hoi(e to fast o) to feed a Miskeen) as
bein' Mansookh (abo'ated by the Ayah that (ame afte it (*he month of
$amadhaan)))so whoe+e of you witnesses the month should fast it)) Ibn Uma did
not s"e(ify the abo'atin' Ayah and the (om"anions of Muhammad e."lained that it
was the last "at of the Ayah itself that was the abo'ato ()))And that you fast is
bette fo you))
*hen we see that PAtaa naated fom Ibn Abbaas (a) L5e said/ ())Fo those who (an
then thee is a ansom (Fidyah) of feedin' a Miskeen ("oo "eson) 4/0B7)) Ibn
Abbaas said/ *his is not Mansookhah (abo'ated)) It is fo the eldely man and
woman who ae not able to fast so they feed a Miskeen fo e+eyday that they missN)
$e"oted by Al-<ukhaai (7;D;) and Abu &aawud) An-8asaaPi (4=6B) naated it in
As-Sunan Al-2ubaa and Ad-&aaa,utni with the wodin'/ L)))5e said/ (the one who
(an:is able) affod to "ay the Fidyah of feedin' one "eson (the one who wants to do
moe:e.ta) then he (an in(ease the feedin' of the Miskeen) *he ayah ())*o fast is
bette fo you) is not Mansookhah (abo'ated and thee is no "emission (fo Fidyah)
e.(e"t fo the eldely man and woman who (annot (o"e with the fastin' as well as
the si(k "eson who has not e(o+eedN) Ad-&aaa,utni said/ *he (hain of this is
Saheeh)
In li'ht of this Ikhtilaaf (diffeen(e) in elation to the noble Ayah (And those who ae
able should feed a Miskeen as Fidyah) as to if it is abo'ated o not) <oth "aties
ha+e dedu(ed that the eldely man and woman who ae in(a"able of fastin' should
feed a Miskeen fo e+eyday that they did not fast) As fo the dedu(tion of Ibn Abbaas
and those who shae his +iew that the Ayah is not Mansookhah then this meanin' is
(lea (i)e) "emission to feed Miskeen in "la(e of fastin')) In elation to those who
ha+e said that the Ayah has been abo'ated# they ha+e made an e.(e"tion of the
obli'ation of Fidyah u"on the old "eson not (a"able of fastin') An e.am"le of this
e.(e"tion is e"oted by At-*abai in his *afsee (4:067) fom Ibn Shihaab E A3-Iuhi
E who said/ LAllah (swt) said/ ()))Fastin' has been (ommanded fo you as it was
(ommanded u"on those befoe you)))N Ibn Shihaab said/ Allah (swt) "es(ibed
fastin' u"on us# then "eo"le use to make Fidyah in "la(e of fastin' des"ite thei
ability to fast# if they wee ill o well o ta+ellin') 9eo"le wee u"on that then Allah
(swt) obli'ated that whoe+e saw the month should fast# so the one who was well
was able and the Fidyah was abandoned fo him) *he one who was ta+ellin' o ill
then he would make u" (1adaa) fom othe days) 5e said/ *he Fidyah afte that
(only) emained u"on the eldely who is unable to fast o the "eson who is e."osed
to an e.(use:defe(t that does not allow him the (a"ability to fastN)
?e then see that Ibn Jaee At-*abai e(oded fom SaPeed <in Al-Musayyib (4:06>)
and he was the Shaikh (knowled'eable "eson) of the *aabiPeen that he said/ LIn the
statement of Allah (swt) (A fidyah of feedin' a Miskeen) he said/ *his in(ludes the old
who use to fast# but be(ame old an in(a"able and the "e'nant woman who is not
obli'ed to fast) Fo ea(h of them they ae e,uied to feed a Miskeen# a Mudd of
wheat fo e+eyday that they miss fom $amadhaanN) *his has taken a diffeent
die(tion to what was "e+iously dedu(ed fom this Ayah# he e."lained it with an
addition wod (2abaoo) (to 'et old) afte the wod (yutee,oonahu) (to be able) as if
the Ayah has an im"li(it missin' wod in meanin' and this im"li(itness in(ludes (the
one who 'ets old)) *his is a (lea and ni(e inte"etation e.(e"t that I do not find (a
suffi(ient) su""ot with the +iew that a wod is absent but im"lied in meanin' in this
(ase)
In es"e(t to this issue and with *awfee, and As-Sadaad fom Allah I say the
followin'/
?e do not stat talkin' about abo'ation e.(e"t when the ayaat (annot be bou'ht
to'ethe and that they ae in o""osin' meanin' that (anPt be e(on(iled and it that
(ase we (an bin' in the issue of 8uskh (abo'ation)) In this (ase the two Ayaat (an
be bou'ht to'ethe and had they not been then why was this then hidden (unknown)
to Ibn Abbaas (who is so knowled'eable in these mattes elated to the 1uan) *his
Ummah says that thee is no 8uskh (abo'ation)# and it is obli'atoy in this situation
to lea+e the +iew of abo'ation and sti(k to the +iew that these two Ayaat emain
standin' (as they ae without abo'ation) and that thee is no abo'ation in any one
of them)
Fom hee# the +iew of a hidden im"li(it wod as su''ested by SaPeed <in Al-
Musayyib is not suitable to be efeed to without an e+iden(e in the 1uaani(
methodolo'y) 5ee thee is no &aleel (e+iden(e) and no Shubhah (e+en weak fom
o based on weak Usool) &aleel indi(atin' that an intendin' wodin' had been
emo+ed but emained im"li(it in the meanin') It is theefoe obli'atoy to lea+e this
+iew without hesitation) And whee the Ayaah says/ ()))And those who ae (a"able
then make a Fidyah of feedin' a Miskeen) it is not abo'ated but Muhkamah
(emains standin')) Its e."lanation and inte"etation must (ombine and be me'ed
with what (ame befoe it and what (ame afte it fom the Ayaat) As fo what is befoe
it is the Ayah U4/0B6V/ (% Aou who belie+e fastin' has been "es(ibed u"on you as it
was "es(ibed on those befoe you so that you may be of the Mutta,oon (those who
fea Allah in obedien(e to him)) *his statement (Fastin' has been "es(ibed u"on
you) is obli'atoy not to be undestood to indi(ate (hoi(e between fastin' and
beakin' fast like has been mentioned in many e"ots) *his would mean that 2utiba
("es(ibed) would ha+e a diffeent meanin' to Fuida (obli'ated) in elation to
fastin') *he statement of (hoi(e is in (om"lete (ontadi(tion to this blatantly (lea
Ayah that states that the fast is Maktoob (witten:"es(ibed) meanin' Mafood
(obli'ated)) *heefoe the o"inion of (hoosin' to fast o not is e-e(ted ies"e(ti+e of
the many e"ots that indi(ate it) As fo the Ayah that follows it/ U4/0B;VV (*he month
of $amadhaan in whi(h was e+ealed the 1uaan# Guidan(e fo mankind# and "oofs
of the 'uidan(e and a (iteion so whoe+e fom amon' you witnesses the month
then he should fast)) *his 8oble Ayah has (ome (om"letin' the +iew of the obli'ation
of fastin' ( so whoe+e fom amon' you witnesses the month then he should fast) so
it (onfims and su""ots the fist Ayah)
So in the (ase whee the fist noble Ayah mentions that the fastin' is obli'atoy and
the thid noble Ayah mentions that the fastin' is obli'atoy with a (lea meanin')
*heefoe the Ayaah in between them (annot and it is not "emissible to say that it
(ame with (hoi(e) It (an only be and is waa-ib to say that it (ame as anothe with
obli'ation and that is so that it emains in line with the 1uaani( methodolo'y and so
that it does not (ontain any (ontadi(tion o (lash) <ased on this intodu(tion whi(h
was ne(essay I say the followin'/
*he middle Ayah that (ame to e."lain the (le'al) e.(uses fo lea+in' the obli'atoy
fast did not (ome to 'i+e a (hoi(e between fastin' and makin' Iftaa (i)e) abstainin'
fom fastin')) It mentioned the e.(use of illness and the e.(use of ta+ellin' and
e."lained that those who beak thei fast in these two situations should make 1adaa)
( b >

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- Make u" fom days afte) then it said/ (and fo those who
(an# should feed a miskeen)) *hose who ae (a"able has been "e(eded by a -oinin'
lette# haf ul Atf (waw -And) -oinin' it to what was mentioned befoe it# the ill "eson
and ta+elle) *his ?aw (haf ul-Atf) only (omes to bin' to'ethe e+eythin' in the
sub-e(t to'ethe whi(h in this (ase is the allowed e.(uses fo makin' Iftaa) If they
wee not (onne(ted thee would not be a haf ul-Atf) So the e.(uses ae/ illness#
ta+el and ea(hin' o (a"ability:sten'th) *his means that the si(k "eson# ta+elle
and one who has the sten'th# they (an make Iftaa fom fastin') 5owe+e the one
who has his sten'th is diffeent fom the si(k and ta+elle be(ause the Ayah did not
mention him with them) It is not theefoe said fo e.am"le that the si(k# ta+elle and
one who has the sten'th should P Make u" the days (missed) fom othes)) *his is
whee the "e(iseness of the 1uani( methodolo'y has obli'ed that the one who has
the (a"ability should be added amon'st those who ae e.(used due to the Atf of the
5af (lette) ?aw linkin' it to the ill "eson and ta+elle and at the same time has
obli'ed that it is not in(luded with what has been obli'ed u"on them in tems of
1adaa of the fasts missed) *he 8oble Ayah has (ome mentionin' the diffeen(e
between the fist two e.(uses and the thid e.(use (the old "eson o in(a"able
"eson)) *he Ayah said (in elation to the thid e.(used (ate'oy)/ (*o make Fidyah
of feedin' a Miskeen) and it mentioned s"e(ifi(ally in elation to the fist two who
ha+e been e.(used fom fastin' i)e) the ta+elle and si(k "eson that (*hey should
make u" fom othe days)) ?ith this diffeentiation the 8oble Ayah has ne'ated fom
the thid e.(use the 1adaa of fastin' and (ame with a new 5ukm whi(h is not
e,uied fom the ill and si(k "eson whi(h is the a(t of 'i+in' a Fidyah)
As fo the "o(ess of how we -ust e."lained this noble Ayah we say the followin'/ In
elation to the statement of the Ayah (And on those who ha+e the (a"ability) it should
not be e."lained to mean/ *hose who ae (a"able of doin' it (i)e) makin' a Fidyah)
be(ause if this was tue then (nealy) e+eyone would fall into this (ate'oy in(ludin'
the Ill "eson and ta+elle# be(ause it is moe than likely that they ae (a"able of
"efomin' the fast as well) It is waa-ib to only e."lain o inte"et it to mean that
those who if they fast they e.haust thei sten'ths o be(ome almost (om"letely
in(a"able of fastin' in eality) Said in a diffeent way# they ae the 'ou" fom
amon'st the "eo"le that (annot fast and (om"lete it e.(e"t whee they e.tend thei
absolute sten'th and (a"ability whee they ae (lose to not bein' able to (om"lete it)
So the Ayah (ame to e.(use those "eo"le and e.em"t them fom the obli'ation of
fastin' -ust as it e.em"ted them fom the obli'ation of 1adaa be(ause the
"efoman(e of 1adaa in elation to them is the same hadshi" as its "efoman(e in
the oi'inal (ase# it would make them e.haust thei utmost sten'th and (a"abilities)
So it (the Ayah) (ame with what they ae (a"able of "efomin' and does not e,uie
n of them to e.tend all of thei "owes and sten'ths to "efom and this is the
Fidyah# i)e) "ayin' an amount of money fo e+eyday not fasted) And what beas
witness to this undestandin' is what I found in the *afsee of Mu-aahid <in Jab who
is fom amon'st the Shuyookh of the Mufassioon of the 8oble book of Allah and in it
is the followin' e"ot (9a'e H> fom the fist +olume) fom Ataa fom Ibn Abbaas (a)
(on(enin' the statement ()))And those who ae (a"able)))) he said/ L*hey (an affod
it but they (annot "efom it (Feedin' a Miskeen who doe e.ta then this is 'ood)# so
feed anothe Miskeen (and it is 'ood fo him) and it is not abo'ated)))N) So Ibn
Abbaas (a) e."lained the wod (Aatee,oonahu E 5as the "owe:(a"ability) with (Is
not (a"able of doin' it) and this is (lose to ou *afsee (e."lanation))
?ith this *afsee# o lets say with this *aweel (inte"etation) we ha+e ke"t hamony
between the thee Ayaat and denied fom them the "esen(e of abo'ation o
sus"ension) And with this e."lanation we ha+e e.ta(ted with e+iden(e that the Aa-i3
(in(a"able) "eson in eality and in ulin' is e.(used fom fastin' and "ays a Fidyah)
*his indi(ates that the eldely man and woman beak thei fastin' and feed a
miskeen in "la(e of e+eyday that they ha+e missed)
As fo the Ill "eson whose Illness makes him in(a"able of fastin'# then if it is ho"ed
that his illness will be (ued then he will fall unde the (ate'oy found in the statement
of Allah (swt) LL)))So whoe+e of you is ill o ta+ellin' then he should make u" fom
othe days (fo what is missed))))NN fom Ayah 0B7 in Suah Al-<a,aah) So in this
(ase he beaks his fast (when ill) and makes 1adaa late) 5owe+e if it is not ho"ed
that the illness:(ondition will not im"o+e o be (ued then we atta(h him to the thid
(ate'oy (*hose who ae (a"able (with the 'eatest diffi(ulty)) i)e) like the man and
woman who ae ad+an(ed in yeas and who would find 'eat hadshi" in "efomin'
the fast# so he would in this (ase feed a miskeen fo e+eyday that he has missed)
Aou will find futhe e.amination of this issue in se(tion 6)
2 ? The "an #ho dies #hilst he still o#es fasts:
In elation to this (ate'oy his ?ali (hooses between fastin' on his behalf what he
has missed of fasts and feedin' a Miskeen in e.(han'e fo e+eyday that he missed
of his fasts) Fidyah on behalf of the dead "eson is theefoe allowed and not
obli'atoy u"on the ?ali and it has been e"oted fom Al-Faoo, Uma Ibn Al-
2hattaab# his son Abdullah and Abdullah Ibn Abbaas (ah) that it is allowed to feed
on behalf of the dead althou'h nothin' has been e"oted die(tly fom the 9o"het
(saw)) Abdul 5a,, and Ibn 5a-a said/ 8othin' in elation to feedin' (an be said
(oe(tly to be Mafooan (i)e) linked to the 9o"het))
In a situation whee these statements naated fom the Sahaabah (ah) do not
(ontadi(t with the Shaeeah te.ts# it is +alid to imitate and follow them) And ha+e
(om"leted the study of this issue in the sub-e(t (*he 1adaa of the Saum of the
Mayyit (dead)) in the (ha"te (1adaa of Saum) so it (an be efeed ba(k to)
% ? The "an #ho has intercourse #ith his #ife in the day of (a"adhaan and is
:1a'iB (inca*able) of co"*leting t#o consecutive "onths of fasting:
*his man feeds si.ty Miskeen ("oo "eo"le)) *his is whee the man has elations with
his wife intentionally awae of the fast# but if he does it out of fo'etfulness then thee
is no sin and no 2affaaah) Al-<ukhaai said/ LAl-5asan and Mu-aahid said/ *he one
who has inte(ouse out of fo'etfulness then thee is nothin' u"on himN) Abdu
$a33aa, mentioned this statement -ust as he mentioned (>6>;) fom Mu-aahid the
statement/ LIf a man has inte(ouse with his wife and he is fastin' out of
fo'etfulness in $amadhaan then thee is nothin' u"on himN) And fom Ataa (>6>=)
the statement L5e must make 1adaaN so 2affaaah has not been obli'ed u"on him)
Simila to the statement of Ataa is the +iew of Al-Aw3aai# Al-Laith <in Sad# Maalik#
Ahmad and one of two +iews attibuted to the Shaafiiyyah) I ha+e not known of a
Fa,eeh who has said that it is obli'atoy fo the one who fo'ot that he was fastin'
whilst ha+in' elations with his wife to make 2affaaah) Indeed it has been e"oted
fom Aami Ash-Shabi# Saeed <in Jubai# Ibaheen An-8akhi and 1ataadah that
thee is no 2affaaah u"on him in the (ase of (ou"tin' the fast at all in any (ase
and this without doubt is a (stan'e:abnomal) o"inion and no attention should be
'i+en to it due to its (ontadi(tion with the (lea e+iden(es (on(enin' 2affaaah)
*he Fu,ahaa ha+e diffeed in es"e(t to the women whose husband has a""oa(hed
he in tems of whethe 2affaaah is due u"on he o not in elation to feein' a sla+e
o fastin' two (onse(uti+e months o feedin' si.ty Miskeen@ Ash-Shaafi in the
ston'e of two +iews# Al-Aw3aai# Al-5asan Al-<asi and Ahmad in a e"ot attibuted
to him ha+e all said that thee is no 2affaaah u"on the woman and it is only
obli'atoy u"on the man) Al-Aw3aai said/ If the 2affaaah was with fastin' then two
(onse(uti+e months of fastin' would be u"on both of them) Abu 5aneefah# Maalik#
Abu *haw# Ibn Al-Mundhi ha+e said that the woman has anothe 2affaaah and this
is a e"ot fom Ahmad) Al-Ahnaaf and Maalikiyyah said that the 2affaaah is
obli'atoy u"on the women if she (hose the a(tion (did it willin'ly) but if was
(om"elled u"on he then the 2affaaah is only u"on he husband)
*he (oe(t o"inion is that of the Ahnaaf and Maalikiyyah whee 2affaah is
obli'atoy u"on he if she was a willin' "ati(i"ant and not (oe(ed) *his is be(ause
the se.ual elations whi(h obli'e the 2affaaah u"on the man in(lude he
"ati(i"ation so thee is no meanin' in "adonin' he fom the 2affaaah) And in
elation to the +iew of the Shaafiiyyah and those of simila +iew that they ha+e ne+e
head of the Messen'e (saw) odein' the wife to "efom the 2affaaah# this is not
suffi(ient to "adon:e.(use the wife fom 2affaaah o the sin) *his (ould only be if
the te.ts wee only addessin' the male whi(h is in(oe(t be(ause both male and
female ae addessed e,ually whi(h is the 'eneal (ase with all le'islation and te.ts)
If the te.t wanted to addess the woman s"e(ifi(ally then it would ha+e mentioned
them with a (lea wodin' and this is a well known Shaeeah and lin'uisti( "in(i"le)
So the woman is in(luded in the 'eneal addess of the le'islato and le'islati+e te.ts
e.(e"t whee they ha+e been e.em"ted with and e.(e"tion so fo this eason thee
is no "oof o a'ument fo what the Shaafiiyyah ha+e stated)
As fo when the husband has (om"elled his wife to ha+e elations and the wife is
unable to e"el him# then thee is nothin' u"on he and this is be(ause the
Messen'e of Allah (saw) has lifted fom his Ummah the mistake# fo'etfulness and
what has been (om"elled u"on it with (oe(ion) *he one who has been (om"elled is
not sinful o "unished) If someone was to say that a woman does not "ossess the
money to fee a sla+e o feed si.ty "oo "eo"le we answe that the woman may ha+e
the finan(ial (a"ability to do that) And in the (ase whee she does not ha+e the
means then the fastin' of two (onse(uti+e months is s"e(ified u"on he and if she
does not ha+e the (a"ability to fast o ha+e suffi(ient funds then the 2affaaah is
lifted fom he)
Finally# the se.ual elation that obli'es the 2affaaah is the insetion of the "enis into
the +a'ina e+en if e-a(ulation does not take "la(e) 2affaaah is not obli'atoy if
e-a(ulation o((us without "enetation thou'h kissin' and fondlin' and its like)
There is no Fidyah for the one #ho delays the Qadaa of (a"adhaan #ithout a
legal e7cuse until the beginning of the ne7t (a"adhaan:
*he Fu,ahaa ha+e diffeed in elation to a "eson who has 1adaa fasts due u"on
him fom $amadhaan and then delays "efomin' them until the (omin' of the ne.t
$amadhaan/ Abu 5aneefah and his "eo"le# Ibaheem An-8akhi# Al-5asan Al-<asi#
Al-Mu3ani and &aawud <in Ali ha+e all obli'ated the 1adaa only) *he ma-oity
howe+e ha+e obli'ated the 1adaa and the feedin' of a Miskeen fo e+ey day
missed and this has been e"oted fom Ibn Abbaas# Ibn Umaa nd Abu 5uaiah
(ah)) Al-<ukhaai said/ L)))Ibaheem said/ If he does not "efom them until the
(omin' of the ne.t $amadhaan# he fasts them and feedin' is not +iewed u"on him#
and he mentioned fom Abu 5uaiah Musalan and fom Ibn Abbaas that he fedN)
*he (oe(t +iew is that of the Ahnaaf) *his is be(ause obli'in' Fidyah u"on those
who delay the 1adaa until the (omin' of anothe $amadhaan e,uies a te.t fom
the Shaa and thee is no su(h te.t hee and theefoe it is not (oe(t to le'islate
su(h a 5ukm) As fo what is e"oted fom Ibn Abbaas# Ibn Uma and Abu 5uaiah
and what At-*ahaawi e"oted fom Aahya bin Aktham who said/ LI found it (the
+iew) amon' si. of the (om"anions and do not know of any o""ositionN) *hese
e"ots fom the Sahaabah ae not affimed whee they ha+e been e"oted in weak
ways (*uu, daeefah) and ae theefoe e-e(ted and it is not allowed to imitate them
and follow them)
A numbe of the Fu,ahaa wee (onfused with what had been e"oted fom the
Sahaabah that the one who was ill and did not fast $amadhaan until the ne.t (am
and fed "oo "eo"le fo the missed $amadhaan fo e+ey fast missed) *hey wee
(onfused in this +iew by the "e+iously mentioned weak e"ots# so they said it was
obli'atoy to feed in an absolute manne) *he tuth is that the e"ots whi(h ha+e
stated the feedin' u"on the ill "eson ae (oe(t to be used as e+iden(e in what is in
a'eement with the book of Allah (swt)) ?e ha+e -ust "e+iously e."lained that the ill
"eson who is in(a"able of fastin' should feed and these e"ots mention that an ill
"eson was in(a"able of fastin' thou'hout the entie yea) *hat he did not 'et bette
thou'h the yea until the followin' $amadhaan (ame and this yea in whi(h he was
ill in was the time in whi(h the 1adaa of the "e+ious $amadhaan was meant to ha+e
been "efomed) 5e was unable to make the 1adaa in its (oe(t time and nothin'
emained e.(e"t fo him to feed) Aou will find this study "esent and (om"lete in the
fist se(tion fom this (ha"te and it is not "at of ou (o+eall) sub-e(t)
/econdly: Measuring the Fidyah:
*he (om"anions of the Messen'e (saw) ha+e disa'eed in definin' the ,uantity and
measuement of Fidyah and it has been naated fom them e."lanations whi(h
mention that the Fidyah is one Mudd# two Mudd (i)e) half of a Saa)# Fou Mudd (i)e)
one Saa)) I will mention hee a numbe of them/
() Ataa said that Abu 5uaiah (a) said/
LL?hoe+e ea(hes old a'e and is not able to fast $amadhaan then a Mudd
of wheat is (obli'ed) u"on him fo e+ey day missedNN) Ad-&aaa,utni
(4:4DB))
d) Mu-aahid naated fom Abu 5uaiah (a) that he said/
LL*he one who is "esent fasts# the othes make 1adaa# and feed fo e+ey
day (missed) a MiskeenNN) Al-<ayha,i (7(4;6)) 5e said/ It was naated by
Ibn Juay- fom Ataa fom Abu 5uaiah who said/ Muddan of wheat fo e+ey
Miskeen)
e) Ibn Abbas (a) said/
LLIf an old man is not (a"able of fastin' then he should feed fo e+ey day
(missed) Muddan Muddan (i)e) a Mudd fo ea(h Miskeen)NN) Ad-&aaa,utni
(4:4D7) with a Saheeh Isnaad)
f) Al-<ayha,i# Abdu $a33aa, naated fom Ibn Uma (a) (7:4;7) that the
measue of feedin' was a Mudd of wheat)
') Abdu $a33aa, naated fom Uma Ibn Al-2hattaab (a) (>=4H) that the
feedin' was a Mudd of wheat fo e+ey Miskeen)
So all of these Sahaabah/ Abu 5uaiah# Ibn Abbaas in a naation fom him#
Uma Ibn Al-2hattaab and his son Abdullah all mentioned that the Fidyah was a
sin'le Mudd# i)e) one ,uate of a Saa)
h) Mu-aahid naated fom Ibn Abbaas (a) that/
LL (And those who ae (a"able should make Fidyah of feedin' a Miskeen)
was e(ited and he said/ *he old man who is not (a"able of fastin' should
make Iftaa and feed fo e+ey day a Miskeen# half a Saa of wheatNN) Ad-
&aaa,utni ((4:4D>))
In this se(ond naation fom Ibn Abbaas (a) he mentions half a Saa whi(h
is two Mudd of wheat)
i) Saaib <in 1ais (a) said/
LL*he "eson who makes Fidyah in the month of $amadhaan feeds a
Miskeen fo e+ey day so feed a Miskeen e+ey day Saa)))NN) Al-5aithami in
Ma-ma A3-Iawaaid (7H;6) attibuted this to At-*abaaani in Al-Mu-am Al-
2abee and said/ Its naatos ae tustwothy) I ha+e e."ended all my effot
to find this in the Mu-am of At-*abaaani but ha+e not found it)
So these naations mention a Saa i)e) fou Mudd) *hese ae all Sahaabah and they
disa'eed on s"e(ifyin' the amount of Fidyah due and with these diffeen(es the
*aabieen and Fu,ahaa that (ame afte them also disa'eed and held diffeen(es#
*he Ahnaaf ha+e said/ 5alf a Saa of wheat o what is e,ual to that and ha+e
measued it alon' the lines of the Sada,ah of Al-Fit) *he ma-oity ha+e said/ %ne
Mudd is suffi(ient i)e) a ,uate of a Saa)
All of these +iews ae I-tihaadaat and ae not Shaeeah te.ts) *he Shaa did not
s"e(ify the amount of Fidyah# it did not sti"ulate how mu(h the Miskeen should be
fed and what they ha+e +iewed is only I-tihaadaat based on undestandin' the eality
(*ah,ee, Al-Manaat) of the Shaeeah te.ts i)e) the eality of feedin' one "oo
"eson so as a esult thee +iews wee dis"aate) 5ad those Sahaabah (ah)# the
*aabioon and Fu,ahaa "e(ei+ed ou (uent time they may ha+e (han'ed thei
estimations be(ause the (ustoms# "eo"le and times whi(h "eo"le li+e in ha+e an
influen(e and effe(t in the s"e(ifi(ation of the amount that a sin'le Miskeen should
be "o+ided with) &ue to this we ae not (ommitted to the measuements of the
Sahaabah whi(h ha+e "e(eded us and we sti(k to the statement of Allah (swt) (A
Fidyah of feedin' a Miskeen) and we lea+e s"e(ifyin' the Fidyah and what should be
"esented to the Miskeen to the "eo"le to de(ide what they see to be suffi(ient to
feed a Miskeen) *his is es"e(ially so be(ause "esentin' a Mudd# two Mudds of fou
Mudds of wheat o dates will not today benefit the Miskeen and what has be(ome
a((e"table in ou (uent a'e is to "o+ide (ooked meals o "ayin' an amount of
money that fulfils the need)
And fo the "u"ose of knowled'e only I say/ Abu Ubaid in his book Al-Amwaal
(0=D4) said the followin'/ LAs fo the "eo"le of 5i-aa3 they do not diffe amon'st
themsel+es that a Saa fo them is fi+e Ataal and a thid (a measuement between
6DD' and 6k' a""o. de"endin' on whi(h aea:e'ion)) *he edu(ated and
unedu(ated ae well awae of this) *hey tade in the makets and this knowled'e is
"assed down fom 'eneation to 'eneation (0=D6) And Aa,oob E fathe of Abu
Aousef the 1aadi E use to in the "ast say what his (om"anions said and then
e+eted to the ++iew of the "eo"le of Al-MadeenahN) And he said (0=46) also/ L?e
ha+e e."lained the Saa fom the Sunnah and this is as has been mentioned fi+e
Ataal and a thid and a Mudd is a ,uate of it whi(h is one $atl and a thid and ou
$atl its wei'ht is e,ual to one hunded and twenty ei'ht &iham)))N)
And with a""e(iation to what has o((ued in tems of moden measuements we
say the followin'/ *he Mudd is e,ual to ;77 'ams so a Saa is e,ual to 40>= i)e)
*wo kilo'ams# one hunded and se+enty si. 'ams)
>ha*ter Aight
3hat causes the Fast to be broken0
1 ? 6reaking of the $iyah of the fast:
Fastin' is Ibaadah (a(t of woshi") and theefoe e,uies an intention fom be'innin' to end)
If the 8iyah is boken then the fast is also (by default) boken)
2 ? Aating and drinking intentionally:
*his eason does not e,uie 'oin' into as it is well known to the knowled'eable and the one
who has no knowled'e alike)
% ? Menstruation and *ost >hildbirth bleeding (ayd and $ifaas):
*his is also well known and its study was e.amined in the (ha"te/ (Fastin' of $amadhaan E
Geneal ules))
4 ? +ntentional vo"iting:
Muhammad Ibn Al-Mundhi said/ An I-ma ((onsensus) has been a'eed that the Fast is made
in+alid (<aatil) by the intentional +omitin') 5owe+e Ibn <ataal e"oted fom Ibn Abbaas and
Ibn Masood (a) that/ (It does not beak the fast at all)# and this is one of the e"ots fom the
"eo"le of Maalik) Ataa <in Abi $abaah and Abu *haw said/ *he one who intentionally
+omits must make 1adaa and 2affaaah) It has been naated fom Ali# Ibn Uma# Iaid <in
A,am# Maalik# Ath-*hawi# Al-Aw3aai# Ahmad# Isha, <in $aahoowiyah# Ash-Shaafi and
Ashaab A-$ai (s(holas of Ia,# 2ufa) that they said that the one who is o+e(ome by si(k#
i)e) he is si(k unintentionally then this does not in+alidate (make <aatil) his fast) Ibn Al-
Mundhi said an I-ma ((onsensus) whi(h means a (onsensus fom amon'st the Ulamaa -
that the 1adaa is lifted fom the one who is o+e(ome by +omitin' and did not intend it e.(e"t
in one e"ot attibuted to Al-5asan Al-<asi)
?e will now mention a sele(tion of Ahaadeeth and Aathaa that elate to this to"i(/
0=) %n the authoity of Madaan <in *alhah that Abu &adaa (a) said to him/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) +omited and so boke his fast) *hen (late) I met
*hawbaan the se+ant of the Messen'e of Allah (saw) in the Mas-id of &amas(us)
So I said to him Abu &adaa told me that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) +omited and
as su(h boke his fast) 5e e"lied/ 5e told the tuth and I would "ou the wate fo his
(saw) ?udooNN)
8aated by Abu &aawood (46B0)# An-8asaai# Ibn 5ibbaan# Ad-&aaami) At-*imidhi
and Ahmad naated it and said/ *his is the most Saheeh thin' in this sub-e(t:(ha"te)
Ibn Mandah said/ Its Isnaad is Saheeh Mutassil)
0>) 2haalid <in Madaan e"oted fom Abu &adaa that he said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) sou'ht to +omit o +omited and boke his fast) ?ate
was then bou'ht to him and he made ?udooNN)
8aated by Abdu $a33aa, (>;7B)# An-8asaai and Ahmad and its (hain is Saheeh)
0B) Abu 5uaiah (a) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LL?hoe+e is o+e(ome by +omitin' whilst fastin' thee is no 1adaa fo him and if he
+omits intentionally then 1adaa is obli'ed u"on himNN)
8aated by Abu &aawood (46BD)# At-*imidhi# Ibn Maa-ah# Ahmad# Ad-&aaami# Al-
<ayha,i and Ibn 5ibbaan) At-*imidhi said/ *he 5adeeth is 5asan Ghaeeb) Adh-
&hahabi and Al-5aakim +eified it as Saheeh) Al-<ukhaai said/ I do not see it
"ese+ed) Ahmad said/ *hee is nothin' in it) An-8asaai in As-Sunan Al-2ubaa
(600>) e"oted the followin' Laf3h/ LLIf someone +omits unintentionally then thee is
to Iftaa fo him and if he +omits then thee is 1adaaNN and said/ Ataa sto""ed this
(the e"ot) with Abu 5uaiah) *he meanin' of dhaaa lV means to be o+e(ome
by) (*his wod has been used in the e"ots to indi(ate the unintentional beakin' of
the fast))
0H) Uma <in Al-5akam <in *hawbaan/
LAbu 5uaiah (a) head/ If you +omit thee is no Iftaa# it only e.its but does not
inte"ose and it is mentioned about Abu 5uaiah that he boke his fast and the fist
(statement) is moe (oe(t and Ibn Abbaas and Ikamah said that the fast is
affe(ted by what 'oes in and not what (omes out)))N Al-<ukhaai mentioned this in
the intodu(tion of the (ha"te/ Al-5u-aamah ((u""in') and 1ay (+omitin') in elation
to the one fastin')
4D) 8aafi said that Ibn Uma (a) said/
L?hoe+e is o+e(ome by +omitin' thee is no 1adaa fo him# and the one who
makes himself si(k must make 1adaaN)
8aated by Al-<ayha,i (40H:7) and Maalik ("7B in the book of fastin'))
40) Ibn Abbaas (a) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LL*hee ae thee whi(h do not beak the fast of the one fastin'/ Momitin'# (u""in'
and wet deamsNN)
$e(oded by Al-<a33aa (0D0=)) Al-5aithami said/ *his has (ome with two (hains and
one of them is Saheeh# and this it bein' Saheeh is a""aent) %thes ha+e said that it
is weak) Ad-&aaa,utni (0B6:4)# At-*abaaani in hi Mu-am al-Awsat naated it fom
the way of Abu Saeed Al-2hudi)
In the fist 5adeeth its mentions (5e was si(k and he boke his fast) whi(h is e."lained by the
se(ond 5adeeth (*he Messen'e of Allah sou'ht to +omit (intentional) and made Iftaa) and
the thid 5adeeth whi(h mentions (And if he +omits intentionally then he should make
1adaa)) *he e."ession used to indi(ate delibeate +omitin' has (ome in two foms/ Isti,aa
and *a,iya) In elation to the thid 5adeeth whi(h Al-<ukhaai and Ahmad ha+e said is not
"ese+ed# Al-5aakim and Adh-&hahabi ha+e +eified it as Saheeh and as At-*imidhi also
said that it was 5asan then this is enou'h to a((e"t it)
*hese 9o"heti( Ahaadeeth ha+e theefoe mentioned that the one who Isti,aa o *a,iya i)e)
+omited intentionally# he has boken his fast and it is ?aa-ib (obli'atoy) fo him to make
1adaa) I ha+e not found one hadeeth whi(h is Mafoo ('oes ba(k to the "o"het (saw)) that
(ontadi(ts these te.ts so they must be woked with and used and it is theefoe said that the
intentional +omitin' is one of the a(tions that beaks the fast) *he e"ot of Ibn Uma (;) also
a'ees and affims with what we ha+e said)
As fo what was e"oted fom Abu 5uaiah (a) then we ae "esented with two (ontadi(toy
+iews) In the thid 5adeeth Ataa mentions that the hadeeth sto"s at Abu 5uaiah and if we
ae to su""ose the (oe(tness of what Ataa said then we would say that Abu 5uaiah said/
(If you ae si(k intentionally (*a,iya) then 1adaa is ne(essay) and also (If you ae si(k
intentionally (Isti,aa) then you must make 1adaa) meanin' that if the +omitin' is intentional
the fast is made in+alid and he has boken it (made Iftaa))
As fo what Al-<ukhaai e"oted fom Abu 5uaiah its fom has (ome in a 'eneal manne (If
he +omits thee is no Iftaa) (About Abu 5uaiah that he made Iftaa)) *he fist naation is
outwei'hed so we take the naation fom him (If he +omits thee is no Iftaa)) *his naation
does not diffeentiate between the intentional and unintentional +omitin' but athe (am
'eneally and we do not deny that the unintentional +omitin' does not (ause the Iftaa of the
fast) *he two naations fom Abu 5uaiah theefoe mean to us that/ *he fist s"e(ifies that
the intentional +omitin' beaks the fast and the se(ond 'enealises +omitin' to say that it
does not beak the fast) ?e theefoe take the naation that s"e(ifies that the intentional
+omitin' beaks the fast and we (ay o+e the othe 'eneal naation to all that is beside that
(i)e) the unintentional a(t)) ?e theefoe ha+e affimed the s"e(ifi( statement that (ame in the
thid 5adeeth whi(h is in a'eement with the Ahaadeeth that 'o ba(k to and oi'inate fom
the 9o"het (saw))
8ow we ai+e at the Atha (e"ot) fom Ibn Abbaas e(oded by Al-<a33aa/ Al-<a33aa
mentions two (hains fom Ibn Abbaas with one wodin'# and in both (hains is Muhammad
Ibn Abdul A3ee3 E he is Abu Abdullah A-$amli well known as Ibn Al-?aasity as has been
mentioned by Ibn 5a-a in *ahdheeb At-*ahdheebT) *his tansmitte:naato has been
des(ibed by Abu Iua as/ 8ot ston') Abu 5aatim said/ *hee ae stan'eness (on(enin'
him and he was not of those "aised) ?eakness is atta(hed to him) !+en thou'h Ibn 5ibbaan
-ud'ed him as tustwothy E it is well known about him that he is lenient in affimin'
tustwothiness to naatos) 5e said E It is "ossible that he is in(onsistent) As fo what Al-
5aithami said about him/ *hat one of the two (hains was Saheeh# he means hee that Al-
<a33aa himself had +eified one of the two (hains# and e+en this statement is not "e(ise
and this is be(ause Al-<a33aa afte naatin' the two e"ots said/ ( And this is the bette of
the two naations and the moe (oe(t and this is be(ause Muhammad <in Abdul A3ee3 was
not one who "ese+es)) *his statement does not mean that the Isnaad ((hain) is Saheeh# it
only means that it is moe (oe(t than the othe) *hen Al-<a33aa says in elation to
Muhammad Ibn Abdul A3ee3 (5e is not one who "ese+es)) So this 5adeeth has in it
weakness and simila to that is the e"ot fom Ad-&aaa,utni fom Abi Saeed be(ause it has
5isham <in Sad who has been (lassified as &aeef by An-8asaai# Ahmad and Aahya <in
Moeen) Ibn Adee +iewed him as "liant (not ston') and said/ And e+en with his weakness his
5adeeth ae e(oded) Abdul 5a,, said/ 5is hadeeth ae e(oded but not used as a "oof) In
(ontast Muslim used his 5adeeth as a "oof and Al-<ukhaai fo witnessin') ?ith the
"esum"tion that this 5adeeth is +iable as a "oof and fo dedu(tion# then we say about it the
same as what we said in elation to the e"ots of Abu 5uaiah in tems of the s"e(ifi( and
'eneal) *his is be(ause the hadeeth of Ad-&aaa,utni and Al-<a33aa ha+e (ome in a
'eneal uns"e(ified way (Al-1ay EMomitin') without (laifyin' if it is intentional o
unintentional so it is theefoe s"e(ified by the "e+iously ,uoted Ahaadeeth that state that the
one who +omits intentionally beaks his fast)
So in (on(lusion we say that the intentional +omitin' is of the a(tions that beaks the fast and
we ha+e dis(ussed moe on this to"i( in the sub-e(t (*he 1adaa of the one who intentionally
+omits) in the (ha"te (*he 1adaa of Fastin'))
& ? /e7ual relations:
Inte(ouse beaks the fast# and this is known fom the &een by ne(essity (&aooah) and the
study of its +aious as"e(ts and ealities is dis(ussed in the sub-e(t/ (Se.ual elations ae
"emissible on the ni'hts of Fastin') in the (ha"te/ (*he fastin' of $amadhaan E Geneal
$ules)) It is also (o+eed in the to"i(/ (*he fastin' of the one who has se.ual elations with his
wife duin' the day in $amdhann) in the (ha"te (2affaaaat E !."iations) and also unde the
to"i(/ (*he man who has se.ual elations with his wife in the day of $amadhaan and is
in(a"able of fastin' two (onse(uti+e months) in the (ha"te/ (2affaaaat) and these (an be
efeed ba(k to)
) ? 1s./u!oot: /nuffing-inhaling through the nose
*his is also (alled and known as 8ushoo, and 8ushoo'h and it means to "ut a substan(e in
you nose and inhale it) *he medi(ine that is inhaled:snuffed is (alled As-Saoot with a
Fathah o+e the lette Seen)
As-Suoot has been ,uoted in many Ahaadeeth as medi(ine but none of them ha+e
mentioned it within the (onte.t of fastin') <e(ause of this we do not find the Muhaddithoon of
the 9o"heti( Ahaadeeth mentionin' it unde this (ha"te (of Siyaam) with the e.(e"tion of
what was naated by Lu,ayt <in Sabah (a) who said/ LL I said/ % Messen'e of Allah (saw)
tell me about the ?udoo@ 5e (saw) said/ 9efom the ?udoo "o"ely:(om"letely and
e.a''eate in Al-Istinshaa, (inhalin':snuffin' of wate) e.(e"t if you ae fastin'N) $e(oded
by Ibn Maa-ah (7D>)# Abu &aawood# An-8asaai# At-*imidhi and Ahmad) Al-Istinshaa, in
?udoo hee falls unde the (ha"te (sub-e(t aea) of Suoot)
*he Ulamaa ha+e diffeed in es"e(t to As-Suoot# is it lawful fo the fastin' "eson and does
not beak his fast o is it of the a(tions that beak the fast@ Al-<ukhaai (0H67) said/ UAl-5asan
said/ *hee is no "oblem in elation to fastin' and As-Suoot as lon' as it does not ea(h the
thoat and AaktahilV) Ibn Abi Shaibah mentioned it (onne(ted (Mawsoolan) with a (lose
wodin') Ibn Abi Shaibah e"oted (7=4:4) fom Al-1a1aa who said/ UI asked Ibaheem E An-
8akhi E about As-Suoot with Aloe fo the fastin' "eson and he did not e'ad anythin' (a
"oblem) in itV) In anothe e"ot U5e said/ *hee is no "oblem with As-Suoot fo the SaaimV)
*he ma-oity (howe+e) ha+e said that snuffin' (somethin') beaks the fast)
*hey (the Ulamaa) ha+e diffeed in elation to the Istinshaa, (snotin') of wate in ?udoo
whilst fastin' and it ea(hes the thoat without intention/ *he 5anafiyah# Maalikiyah and
Shaafiyah in one of two o"inions that it makes the fast Faasid ((ou"ts:s"oils it)) Ahmad#
Isha, <in $aahuuwiyah# Al-Aw3aai and the "eo"le of Ash-Shaafi that it makes the fast
Faasid if the fast is not obli'atoy) In li'ht of this I say the followin'/
*he 5adeeth e"oted by Ibn Maa-ah on the authoity of Ibn Sabah is not (oe(t to be used
in the issue of As-Suoot and this is be(ause As-Suoot is the entein' of a substan(e into the
nose and with its sniffin' a "at o all of it entes into the lun's# so this is the eality of As-
Suoot) As fo the entein' of wate o medi(ine in the nose as a teatment fo a inflamed nose
(ondition fo e.am"le without the medi(ine o wate ea(hin' the lun's then this is not As-
Suoot) *heefoe Istinshaa, of wate in ?udoo is not i'htly (onsideed in the aea of As-
Suoot) *he "ohibition has (ome in the e.a''eatin' in its "efoman(e whilst fastin' as a
baie o "e+ention fo the wate to ea(h the thoat and then into the 'ullet and stoma(h)
*his is what Al-5asan meant and what Al-<ukhaai mentioned) So in (on(lusion I say that in
this Masala thee ae no "o"heti( Ahaadeeth that mention it)
As fo what was e"oted fom Aaisha (a) that she said/ LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw)
enteed and said/ % Aaisha is thee a 2isah# so I 'a+e it to him with a 1is and then he
"la(ed it on his mouth and said/ % Aaisha did any of it ente my stoma(h@ It is like the kiss of
a fastin' "eson# the fast is only boken with what entes and not with what e.its ((omes
out)NN) $e(oded by Abu Aala (7H;7:B)) Al-5aithami said/ It was naated by Abu Aalaa and
it in(ludes someone I dont know) In the (hain of naatos is Ma-hool (unknown# so he is
&aeef and it indi(ates that the naato of the 5adeeth is alle'ed to be Salmaa fom the tibe
of <ak <in ?aail and she is unknown and unhead of so this hadeeth is left (e-e(ted))
Afte this only the Aathaa (e"ots) of the Sahaabah (ah) emain to be dis(ussed) ?e ha+e
found that Abdu $a33aa, (>;0B) e"oted fom Abdullah Ibn Masood (a) that he said/
UFastin' only (elates) to what entes and not what e.its and the ?udoo with what e.its and
not what entesV and we find that Ibn Abi Shaibah (7=>:4) and Al-<ayha,i ha+e naated fom
Abdullah Ibn Abbaas (a) that he said/ UIn elation to (u""in' (Al-5u-aamah) and the fastin'
"eson/ <eakin' fast is elated to what entes and not to what e.itsV) Al-<ukhaai (ommented
on this and these two e"ots ae Saheeh) In elation to them I say/
*he wodin' in these two e"ots is 'eneal (Aam) without e."lainin' whethe what entes
'oes to the (hest# stoma(h o e+en the skull (meanin' the bain) and it is fa off to "esume
that these 'eat Sahaabahs had meant the skull o bain as this meanin' is fa fom
e."e(tation) *he one who desied o was di+in' towads this meanin' then it is obli'atoy to
make "lain this meanin' o if not to 'o to what the mind would lo'i(ally undestand whi(h is
that it is efein' to what entes the (hest and stoma(h and not want entes the bain) &ue to
this +iew of Fu,ahaa who ha+e said that what ea(hes the mind beaks the fast based on and
dedu(ed fom these two e"ots is in(oe(t) It is stan'e that Fu,ahaa belie+ed that As-
Suoot ea(hes to the bain and as a esult of this ha+e said that what ea(hes the bain
beaks the fast)
*he tuth E whi(h is knowled'e whi(h ai+es in a definite and de(isi+e way E is that As-Suoot
is what a "eson inhales whi(h entes the lun's# "asses thou'h the 'ullet i)e) into the (hest
and not the bain) *he study must theefoe be a""oa(hed on this basis and with that I say/ It
has been a'eed u"on by the Muslims in "ast and e(ent times that the entein' of somethin'
into the thoat and its swallowin'# i)e) its entein' into the Gullet:%eso"ha'us beaks the fast
without any sti"ulation that it ea(hes the stoma(h o lun's) So the des(ent of anythin' into
the Gullet beaks the fast and this is obli'ed by the lan'ua'e be(ause lan'ua'e di(tates that
whoe+e swallows a solid entity has eaten o if it is li,uid has had somethin' to dink) So the
des(endin' of anythin' into the Gullet is (onsideed eatin' o dinkin' and eatin' and dinkin'
ae beakes of the fast# so if anythin' is swallowed the fast is boken) It is also a'eed
amon'st the Muslims in the "ast and "esent e.(e"t fo what is (onsideed a fa off and
stan'e o"inion# that the entein' of any item into the 'ullet beaks the fast whethe it is
nutitious o not like a "ebble o handful of dit)
It emains fo us to know the des(i"tion of this +essel# so I say if this +essel entes as a
whole in one 'o then thee is no diffeen(e in that it beaks the fast like a mosel (of meat)#
(hi(k "ea# si" of wate o medi(ine and this has been a'eed u"on by the Muslims fom the
ealie times to the e(ent) So if someone (ame to ty and 'et aound the fast thou'h de(eit
and (ushes a (hi(k "ea o medi(inal tablet into "owde# and then 'adually entes it into him
eithe by swallowin' it with sali+a o beathin' it in with ai then in these (ases he has boken
the fast) 5is ti(ks at tyin' to 'et aound will not benefit him be(ause the esult is the same in
both (ases whi(h is that somethin' has des(ended into the 'ullet and then the lun's in the
(hest o to the stoma(h) It does not make any diffeen(e if the +essel entes in its nomal
state# entes thou'h bein' (ushed into "owde and swallowed with sali+a so that it ea(hes
the stoma(h o if it is beathed in with the ai so that it ea(hes the lun's) *heefoe anythin'
that entes into the "ath of the Gullet beaks the fast without (onsideation of the way that it
enteed# be(ause the eality of all these methods is that it is still one and the same a(tion)
As fo what (an ente the Gullet but does not ha+e a mateial sensed fom su(h as "efume
and othe smells whethe they ae "ue o dislikeable they do not beak the fast and ente
thou'h the sense of smell without intention o "u"ose) At-*abaaani in Al-Mu-am Al-Awsat
(777H) and in Al-Mu-am As-Sa'hee (=07) elated fom Anas <in Maalik (a) that he said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) was asked/ Fan the fastin' "eson kiss@ 5e e"lied/ And
what is won' with that# (Its like) the smellin' of a floweNN) Its (hain is 5asan) 5ee the
Messen'e of Allah (saw) (om"aed in like the kiss with smellin' a flowe and this indi(ates
that the smellin' of a flowe does not beak the fast like a kiss doesnt) So what entes into the
(hest o stoma(h thou'h the thoat and Gullet beaks the fast with no diffeen(e to whethe it
entes as a solid unit o as "owde in'ested with sali+a o in a fom of mateial that is in the ai
and tuns into a sensed ((on'ealed) fom on(e inside) *he fist two situations (ontain nothin'
hidden and theefoe do not e,uie fom us to "o+ide e.am"les of them howe+e in elation
to the thid situation it does e,uie e.am"les to be bou'ht fowad to show its eality/
A E As-Suoot# It is a ty"e of *oba((o that is (ushed# sniffed and it entes into the lun's)
< E *he smokin' of *oba((o and the smoke of in(ense
F E Steam fom wate o medi(ine
& E Inhale
*hese fou ty"es ente thou'h the thoat# 'ullet into the lun's and (hest and then (on'eal
into masses and foms) ?ith As-Suoot it entes (om"letely into the lun's "assin' thou'h the
Gullet like a (ushed (hi(k "ea o tablet would and entes with the sali+a into the stoma(h)
*he smokin' of toba((o with (i'aettes# "i"es and hookahs foms masses in the (hest of ta
and ni(otine amon'st othe substan(es whi(h has been (lealy identified and (an e+en be
(lealy witnessed with (lothes o mateial that ha+e (ome in (onta(t a lot with the fumes) As
fo the steam of wate and medi(ine then its eality is that it is wate and medi(ine and
theefoe (an ne+e be beathed in unde any situation) In elation to the inhale then its eality
is that it is medi(ine# it is like a s"ay that entes the mouth and then 'oes into the Gullet# a
"at of it mi.es with the sali+a and 'oes to the stoma(h and anothe "at 'oes with the ai into
the lun's) *he "in(i"le hee is that any body:fom that entes into the 'ullet beaks the fast
ies"e(ti+e of how it entes# be it thou'h smoke# s"ay o steam and then sha"es into o
(on'eals into a fom on(e inside the body)
All of this (on(ens the willin' a(tions of man# if he has done As-Suoot# smoked# intentionally
inhaled fumes# left wate o medi(ine boilin' so as to beathe in the steam fo teatment o
othewise# o s"ayed an inhale into his mouth) *he eality of all of these is that they ente a
body o entity (substan(e) into Gullet:%eso"ha'us and the fast is boken by any of these
means)
5owe+e if any of this ha""ened a'ainst the will of the "eson then it does not beak the fast
be(ause Allah (swt) does not bin' to a((ount the a(tion of the man whi(h was a'ainst his will
so whoe+e sits ne.t to a smoke o bunin' in(ense sti(ks and somethin' enteed into his
(hest unintentionally and not wilfully then he emains fastin' and has not boken it) Also if the
weathe situation and humidity meant that thee wee wate "ati(les in the ai o in a
bathoom dues to steam fom hot wate and the one fastin' beathes this in without any
desie to do so# intention o wish# then he has not boken his fast) Simila to this is the
dust:sand in the ai whi(h o((us in (y(lones and stoms so if any of this is beathed in it does
not beak the fast and nothin' beaks the fast e.(e"t fo what entes with somebodys own
will and intention)
?hat is (lea fom the abo+e is that the o"inion of the ma-oity who said that As-Suoot beaks
the fast and obli'es 1adaa is (oe(t and any othe +iew is mistaken) Also that the e"ots of
Ibn Masood and Ibn Abbaas (a) whee it was mentioned/ (*he fast is elated to what entes)
and (<eakin' of fast is elated to what entes)# the fist means that the "eson fasts o sto"s
anythin' fom 'oin' into his stoma(h and the se(ond means that anythin' that entes the
stoma(h beaks the fast) *heefoe the entein' of anythin' into the Gullet whi(h in(ludes As-
Suoot (auses the fast to be boken)
Medical a**lications-realities:
<uildin' u"on what we ha+e aleady dis(ussed I would like to mention a sele(tion of Medi(al
a""li(ations o ealities that ae linked to ou sub-e(t aea# so as to bin' the 5ukm Shai fo
them and e."lain whi(h (ause the fast to be boken and whi(h do not/
0;) *he entein' of a (able o s(o"e into the body of a "atient by a do(to o su'eon#
eithe fo teatment elated to the unblo(kin' o teatin' of ateies o fo e.amination
only) In this (ase it needs to be seen whee the s(o"e entes/ If it 'oes in thou'h the
nose o mouth then it beaks the fast as it does if it entes thou'h the skin and
ea(hes the lun's# stoma(h o intestines) 5owe+e if it entes thou'h the skin and
'oes to the heat fo e.am"le# o li+e o bladde and does not ea(h the lun's o
di'esti+e system (o'ans) then it does not beak the fast of the fastin' "eson)
0=) !!G (ele(ti(al testin' of the bain) and !FG (ele(ti(al testin' of the heat)
"o(edues whi(h in(lude the "uttin' of (ables onto the kin do not beak the fast)
0>) c-$ay o $adiothea"y whi(h is sometimes used fo lithoti"sy o"eations in the
kidneys# o in the uete and bladde o fo the teatment of (an(e does not lead to
the beakin' of the fast) Simila to this is the use of the M$I "o(edue as the ays
whi(h ae omitted in the M$I do not fom bodies o entities so thei entein' into the
body does not beak the fast in any situation)
0B) 9e(olation in the mans "enis o uetha as the Fu,ahaa ha+e named it and they
mean by this the insetion of a fluid into the "enis) *his does not beak the fast as the
fluid does not ea(h the lun's o o'ans of the di'esti+e system) *his is simila to the
insetion of a (able o s(o"e into the "enis to e.amine the bladde of kidneys as well
as a simila "o(edue to e.amine the womans womb and all of this does not beak
the fast)
0H) !nemas and medi(al su""ositoies that lowe the tem"eatue do beak the fast
be(ause they ea(h the e(tum and la'e intestine whi(h ae "ats of the di'esti+e
system as is well known) *he o"inion of Imaam Ahmad that an !nema beaks the
fast is (oe(t)
4D) Ma((ines of the skin to do not beak the fast but those thou'h the mouth do)
40) Intenal e.amination "o(edues of a woman and what is elated in tems of the
insetion of instuments and substan(es does not beak the fast be(ause the womb is
not "at of the di'esti+e o es"iatoy system)
44) ?hat is e.(eted fom a womans 'enitalia is e.amined/ If it is menstuation o
Fhildbith blood then we ha+e aleady stated that this beaks the fast) If howe+e it is
blood that has (ome fom a (ut +ein then it does not beak the fast) *he e.(etion of
any blood fom any "at of the body does not beak the fast and we will (o+e this
futhe in the se(tion (Al-5u-aamah) in the followin' (ha"te (?hat does not beak the
fast)) As fo fluids othe than blood like natual se(etions o se(etions esultin' fom
an infe(ted 'enital ta(t# all of these do not beak the fast)
46) *he wound o su'ey that ea(hes the bodys (a+ity and that whi(h ea(hes the thin
skin that suounds the bain) *he latte does not beak the fast as insetin' anythin'
into the skull does not ha+e any effe(t on fastin' as fo the wound that 'oes into the
bodys (a+ity then it needs to be futhe e.amined/ If it entes into the inside of the
lun's o di'esti+e system o'ans then it beaks the fast and if it does not ea(h then it
does not (ause the fast to be boken in a situation fo e.am"le whee it ea(hes# the
heat# li+e o bladde)
47) *he sniffin' of any du' like Ammonia (smellin' salts) beaks the fast) It and As-
Suoot ae the same a(tion in eality and shae the same 5ukm (ulin')) ?e (o+eed
the sub-e(t of Suoot a little while a'o)
4;) *he o"enin' u" o s"littin' of the (hest o stoma(h fo the entein' of instuments fo
su'ey then in this (ase if the o"enin' ea(hes the insides of the lun's o di'esti+e
system then the fast is boken) If it does not ea(h these "ats then it does not beak
the fast like a henia o"eation# o kidney tans"lant o im"lantin' a battey
("a(emake) in the ib (a'e to e'ulate the heat beat) All of this not beak the fast at
all) It would only be boken in these (ases if the "o(edues wee a((om"anied by the
entein' of mateials:substan(es into the lun's o di'esti+e system)
4=) *he c-$ayin' of any "at of the body# o by F* and M$I s(ans whi(h ae
a((om"anied by an inta+enous in-e(tin' of substan(es does not beak the fast) If
howe+e the mateials ((oloued substan(es) ae enteed thou'h the mouth o anus
then it in that (ase it does beak the fast)
4>) 2nee and hi" o"eations that may in(lude the insetin' of medi(al s(ew to
sten'then the limbs do not beak the fast)
4B) *he needle of a do(to does not at all beak the fast whethe it is fo medi(al
teatment# to 'i+e nutients:su""lements# blood o anaesthesia and whethe it is in the
+eins) *his is all as lon' as no substan(es o medi(ines ente die(tly into the
es"iatoy and di'esti+es systems and thei o'ans)
In summay I say/ *he insetion of any solid o li,uid mateial:substan(e o tool o its like into
the body# and then if it entes into the es"iatoy o di'esti+e systems then it beaks the fast
and anythin' othe than this does not)
5ee doubt may aise# this is be(ause the fastin' is abstainin' fom food and dink whi(h is
the abstention of takin' in nutients# then in this (ase why is it "emitted to inset nutients into
the body thou'h a do(tos needle and it is not (onsideed to in+alidate the fast@ Is one not
like the othe@
*he es"onse to this doubt is that the one fastin' "ohibits fo himself food and dink in as fa
as food and dink ae undestood to be efein' to and this is what has (ome in the te.ts) *he
te.ts ha+e not (ome on(e odein' the faste to abstain fom nutients and due to this if he
swallows a handful of sand o small "ebbles:"ills then his fast has boken ies"e(ti+e if they
wee nutitious o not) *he key element hee is elated to the "o(ess of eatin' and dinkin'
and not with the intake of nutients) *hee is no ,uestion that the takin' of nutients o blood
thou'h the skin is definitely not eatin' o dinkin' and theefoe do not beak the fast)
In (on(lusion I say that the fast (an take nutients and it does not beak his fast if it done
without eatin' and dinkin' o without the entein' of any substan(e into the di'esti+e system
and o'ans) It (an be done by entein' the substan(e o blood into the skin by a medi(al
needle)
>ha*ter $ine
1ctions that do not break the fast
1l.Qublah and 1l.Mubaasharah (The kiss and fondling) ?
<y Al-Mubaashaah we mean the tou(hin' of the wife and lyin' with he without insetion i)e)
inte(ouse) At-*imidhi said/ U*he "eo"le of knowled'e fom the (om"anions of the 9o"het
and othes ha+e diffeed in es"e(t to the kissin' of a fastin' "eson) Some ha+e "emitted it
fo the olde "eson and not fo the youn' feain' fo the safety of his fast and they ae sti(te
with Al-Mubaashaah) Some of the "eo"le of knowled'e ha+e said/ *he kiss edu(es the
ewad but does not beak the fast and they +iewed that if a "eson (an (ontol himself that he
(an kiss but if he is not se(ue in himself then he should lea+e the kiss to "ese+e his fast
and this is the +iew of Sufyaan Ath-*hawi and Ash-ShaafiV)
Al-Maalikiyah ha+e said that Al-1ublah and Al-Mubaashaah ae Makooh (disliked) fo the
one fastin') Maalik said/ ?hoe+e fondles and kisses and be(omes ee(t:aoused E i)e) has
mo+ement in his "enis E then his fast is in+alid e+en without Madhi (se(etion due to aousal)
o e-a(ulation and must make 1adaa) Abdullah Ibn Shubumah one of the 2ufan Fu,ahaa said
that the kisses beaks the fast) Ibn 5a3m and the Ihaahiiyah ha+e said kissin' whilst fastin'
is e(ommended on the othe hand) Abu 5uaiah "emitted the kiss and fondlin' absolutely
as well as Saeed and Sad Ibn Abi ?a,,aas (ah)) Ibn Abbaas (a) diffeentiated between
the old and youn'# he made it dislikeable fo the youn' and "emitted fo the old) Ibn 5a-a
said/ ?hoe+es desie is a'itated by the kiss then it is 5aaam in itself a((odin' to the most
(oe(t +iew)
<efoe we (an ea(h the (oe(t o"inion it is fist ne(essay to "esent the followin' te.ts
(e+iden(es)/
f) Aaisha (ah) said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) would kiss me whilst we wee both fastin'NN)
8aated by Abu &aawood (46B7)# Ahmad# Al-<ayha,i and At-*ahaawi) An-8asaai
(6D6B) e"oted it in As-Sunan Al-2ubaa with the followin' Laf3h (wodin')/ LL*he
9o"het (saw) desied to kiss me and I said/ I am fastin') 5e e"lied/ I am fastin' and
then kissed meNN) Its Sanad is Jayyid ('ood))
') And also fom Aaisha (ah) that she said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) use to kiss some of his wi+es whilst he was fastin'
and then she lau'hedNN)
8aated by Al-<ukhaai (0H4B)# Muslim#An-8asaaI# Ibn Maa-ah and Ahmad) Ahmad
also naated somethin' simila to this fom 5afsah and Umm 5abeebah the wi+es of
the Messen'e of Allah (ah))
h) Aaisha (a) also said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) would kiss whilst he was fastin' and he would
fondle whilst he was fastin' but he was the most (a"able of you in (ontollin' his
limbs:desies:wantsNN)
8aated by Muslim (4;>=)# Al-<ukhaai# Abu &aawood# An-8asaaI# Ibn Maa-ah and
Al-<ayha,i)
i) Aaisha (a) also said/
LL*he 9o"het (saw) would kiss whilst fastin' in $amadhaanNN)
8aated by Muslim (4;B7) and Ahmad)
-) Abu Salamah naated that Aaisha (ah) said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) would kiss some of his wi+es (women) while he was
fastin') I said to Aaisha/ ?as it in the obli'atoy o e(ommended fasts@ Aaisha (a)
said/ In both of these# in the obli'atoy and e(ommendedNN)
8aated by Ibn 5ibbaan (6;7;)# An-8asaai in As-Sunan Al-2ubaa# Ahmad# Abdu
$a33aa, and At-*ahaawi) *he (hain (sanad) is Saheeh)
k) Aaisha <int *alhah said that Aaisha (ah) said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) use to fondle:tou(h his wi+es whilst he was fastin'
and he would "ut between him and them a (loth# (o+ein' the "i+ate "atsNN)
8aated by Ahmad (47B0B) with a Jayyid ('ood) sanad) Ibn 2hu3aimah also
e(oded it)
l) %n the authoity of Masoo,/
LLI asked Aaisha/ ?hat is "emitted to am man fom a woman whilst fastin'@ She
said/ !+eythin' e.(e"t fo inte(ouseNN)
$e(oded by Abdu $a33aa, (>76H) and its (hain is Saheeh) At-*ahaawi (H;:4)
e(oded simila to it fom 5akeem <in U,aal that he said/ LLI asked Aasha (a)/
?hat is 5aaam u"on me fom my wife whilst I am fastin'@ She said/ 5e 'enitaliaNN)
m) Abu Saeed (a) said/
LL*he 9o"het (saw) "emitted the kiss fo the fastin' "eson and also "emitted
(u""in' fo himNN)
$e(oded by An-8asaaI (6447) in As-Sunan Al-2ubaa) Ad-&aaa,utni naated it
and said that its naatos ae tustwothy) Ibn 2hu3aimah naated it Maw,oofan and
Mafooan and +eified it as Saheeh)
n) Am <in Abi Salamah (a) said/
LL5e asked the Messen'e of Allah (saw) about kissin' whilst fastin'@ *he
Messen'e of Allah (saw) said to him/ Ask this ,uestion to Umm Salamah so she told
him that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) did this himself (i)e) kiss his wi+es)) So he said/
% Messen'e of Allah# +eily Allah has fo'i+en you "ast and futue sins so the
Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/ Meily I ha+e the most ta,waa and fea of Allah than
(all of) youNN)
$e(oded by Muslim (4;BB)# Ibn 5ibbaan and Al-<ayha,i)
I will now say the followin'/
Any one of these ten hadeeth is suffi(ient to show the "emissibility of kissin' whilst fastin' so
what about all of them to'ethe@ *hee is no doubt in this issue and dis"utin' it is not allowed
that the male and female fastin' "eson ae allowed to be kissed and be kissed in the
obli'atoy and e(ommended fasts -ust as it is allowed to fondle his wife as lon' as it does not
'o as fa insetion into the +a'ina) *his is the (oe(t o"inion whi(h the e+iden(es ha+e
alluded to)
?hen Umm Salamah told Am <in Abi Salamah that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) would kiss
whilst fastin'# he (Am) thou'ht that kissin' was 5aaam and that the Messen'e of Allah
(saw) had done it and had been fo'i+en) In es"onse to this the Messen'e of Allah (saw)
denied this and said that he has the most *a,wa and fea of him and that he does not
"efom the 5aaam) So afte undestandin' the meanin' of this 5adeeth it adds to the othes
as a (lea e+iden(e "emittin' kissin' whilst fastin')
&es"ite the sten'th of these e+iden(es and dedu(tion thee ae still some who +iew kissin'
as a 5aaam and that it beaks the fastC *hee ae also those that say kissin' and fondlin' ae
MakoohC *hese looked at the te.ts and found in the 5adeeth (8o) 6) naated by Aaisha (a)
that she said/ L<ut he is moe able to (ontol his desies than youN) Fom this statement they
made an o"enin' fo two issues/
Fistly/ *hat the "emission to kiss is only "emitted to the Messen'e of Allah (saw) alone)
Se(ondly/ %the than the Messen'e of Allah do not "ossess the (ontol o will "owe o+e
thei desies and as a esult of this kissin' and fondlin' be(ome Makooh in thei own i'ht) It
has been added that kissin' is Makooh fo the youn' "eson and "emitted fom the old)
*hey e."lained this by sayin' that the kiss stimulates the youn' "esons desies and they
(ame with a 5ukm that it is fobidden fo aousal (o the desie to be a'itated:stimulated) to
o((u as was the +iew of Maalik and Ibn 5a-a) *hey (ame with a sele(tion of e+iden(es to
su""ot thei +iew/
44) Uma Ibn Al-2hattaab (a) said/
LLI was in a 'ood mood and I kissed whilst fastin' so I (ame to the Messen'e of
Allah (saw) and said/ I ha+e (ommitted a 'eat thin' (a bad thin') today) 5e (saw)
said/ ?hat was it@ I said/ I kissed whilst fastin' so the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
5ow would you see it if you insed you mouth (Madmada in ?udoo) with wate@ I
said/ So thee is no ham in it@ 5e e"lied/ Aes (i)e) no ham)N)
$e(oded by Ibn 5ibbaan (6;77)# Abu &aawood# Ahmad# Ad-&aaami# Al-<ayha,i#
Al-5aakim# At-*ahaawi and Ibn 2hu3aimah) At-*ahaawi# Ibn 2u3aimah and Ibn
5ibbaan +eified it as Saheeh whilst An-8asaai e-e(ted it and Ahmad and Ibn 5a3m
said it was &aeef)
46) Abdullah ibn Amu Al-Aas said/
LL?e wee in the (om"any of the Messen'e of Allah (saw) when a youn' man
(amd and said/ % Messen'e of Allah is it ok to kiss whilst fastin'@ 5e (saw) said/
8o# and then an old man (ame and asked the same and he (saw)/ Aes) ?e looked at
ea(h othe (in bewildement) and then the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/ I know why
you ha+e looked at ea(h othe in this way) *he Sheikh (old man) (an maintain (ontol
o+e himselfNN)
$e"oted by Ahmad (=>6H)# At-*abaaani in Al-Mu-am Al-2abee) In the (hain is
Abdullah <in Luhayah and thee is somethin' to be said about him)
47) Abu 5uaiah (a) said/
LLA man asked the 9o"het (saw) about fondlin' whilst fastin' so he "emitted it fo
him and then he was asked by someone else and he "ohibited it fo him) 5e
"emitted it fo the Sheikh (old) man and "ohibited it fo the Shaab (youn' man)NN)
8aated by Abu &aawood (46B>) and Al-<ayha,i)
4;) Maymoonah E the dau'hte of Saeed E the se+ant of the 9o"het (saw) said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) was asked about a man who kissed his wife whilst
he was fastin') 5e (saw) said/ 5e has boken his fastNN)
$e(oded by Ahmad (4B0>>)# Ibn Maa-ah and Ad-&aaa,utni)
4=) Uma (a) said/
LLI saw the 9o"het (saw) in my slee") I saw that he would not look at me so I said/
% Messen'e of Allah what is won'@ 5e e"lied/ Ae you not the one that kissed
whilst you wee fastin'@ Si I said/ <y the one in whose hand is my soul# I ha+e ne+e
kissed while I am fastin'NN)
$e(oded by Al-<a33aa (0D0B) and Al-<ayha,i)
4>) Saeed Al-Musayyib said that / LUma fobade kissin' whilst fastin'N) $e(oded by
Ibn Abi Shaibah (7>=:4): At-*abaaani e"oted it in Al-Mu-am Al-Awsat with a
diffeent wodin')
4B) Abdullah Ibn *halabah <in Suai Al-Udhi said/ *he Messen'e of Allah (saw) was
wi"in' o+e his fa(e and the (om"anions of the Messen'e of Allah saw this) 5e said/
LL*hey wee fobidden fom kissin' out of fea that it would lead to somethin' 'eate
than that# then the Muslims today wee fobidden fom it and one of them said/ Meily
the Messen'e of Allah (saw) has 'ot "ote(tion fom Allah whi(h no one else hasNN)
$e"oted by Ahmed (47D=H) and its naatos ae tustwothy)
In li'ht of the abo+e e+iden(es I say the followin'/
*he fist 5adeeth has been diffeed u"on# some ha+e made it Saheeh# othes &aeef and it
has also been denied:e-e(ted) It is allowed to be used as an e+iden(e and woked with) *he
se(ond hadeeth in(ludes Abdullah bin Luhayah and many ha+e said that his e"ots ae
&aeef# some ha+e said that they ae 5asan so we (an a((e"t the hadeeth whilst e(o'ni3in'
the weakness in it) *he thid 5adeeth in(ludes Isaaeel who has been (lassified as &aeef by
Ibn 5a3m# Aahya Al-1attaan# Ali <in Al-Mudaini and Abd U-$ahman <in Mahdi) It also
in(ludes Abu Al-Anbas who is unknown as said by Ibn 5a3m) Adh-&hahabi said that he is
unknown) So this 5adeeth is left:abandoned) Ad-&aaa,utni says in elation to the fouth
hadeeth/ Its naato is unknown and not +eifiable) Al-<uuseei said in Iawaaid Ibn Maa-ah/
Its (hain is &aef# none ae abo+e Iaid <in Jubai in weakness and his Shaikh Abi Aa3eed
Ad-&inni) A3-Iubaii said/ 5adeeth Munka (e-e(ted) and Abu Aa3eed is unknown) It also
(ontains Isaaeel who has been (lassified as &aeef by Ibn 5a3m# Al-1ataan and Ali <in Al-
Mudaini) So this hadeeth is +ey weak and is theefoe left:abandoned) In elation to the fifth
5adeeth Al-<a33aa said/ ?e do not know this fom Uma e.(e"t fom this statement and
this wodin' and the o""osite of this has been naated fom Uma himself fom the 9o"het
(saw)) Al-<ayha,i said/ *his has been sin'led out to Uma <in 5am3ah) *his Uma is
(lassified as &aeef by Aahya <in Moeen and A-$aa3i amon'st othes) %n to" of this
hadeeth (ontadi(ts what the Messen'e of Allah (saw) has said to Uma in elation to the
"emittin' of kissin'# so in (on(lusion this hadeeth is e-e(ted) *he si.th hadeeth has a beak
between Saeed <in Al-Musayyib and Uma ibn Al-2hattaab in addition to it bein' a e"ot
(AthaD and not a 5adeeth of the 9o"het (saw) so thee is no "oof in it) *he naatos in the
se+enth ae (lassified as Saheeh but it is an Atha and not a 5adeeth of the 9o"het so a'ain
thee is no e+idential "oof in it) So what emains to be dis(ussed ae only the fist and
se(ond hadeeths e+en with some weakness whi(h is within them/
As fo the fist hadeeth it indi(ates the "emissibility of kissin' moe than it indi(ates a dislike
fo it as the (om"aison between it and Madmadah (takin' wate in mouth in ?udoo) is an
e+iden(e that it is "emissible be(ause Madmadah is "emissible duin' fastin') It should
ha+e been enou'h fo them to ha+e sto""ed at this (lea undestandin' howe+e they did not
sto" hee and said/ Just as it is "ossible fo wate fom Madmadah to des(end into the thoat
it is also "ossible fo a kiss to lead to aousal o stimulation of desie) Unfotunate
inte"etations su(h as these ae so weak that they do not waant any effot to es"ond to
them)
As fo the se(ond hadeeth when the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said that the (Sheikh is
(a"able of (ontollin' himself (self-estaint))# this is simila to what Aaisha (a) said/ (<ut he
is moe (a"able at (ontollin' (estainin') his desie than any of you) and both these
e+iden(es ae alludin' to the fea that inte(ouse would take "la(e and not meely that the
desie will be stimulated o aousal takes "la(e) *heefoe the one that feas that by kissin'
this will lead to inte(ouse then he is "e+ented fom it and the one who does not fea that
then thee is no "oblem in kissin' and it is allowed o him) As fo (ausin' aousal# it is +ey o
most likely that kissin' will lead to this and had the se.ual aousal been the Illah (le'al
eason) fo the "ohibition then kissin' would ha+e been made ille'al fo e+eyone whi(h is in
o""osition to the many Ahaadeeth that ha+e (lealy "emitted it) *heefoe thee is nothin'
within these se+en Ahaadeeth that su""ots the +iew that kissin' is Makooh o 5aaam as
well as not (ontainin' anythin' that indi(ates that the (ausin' of aousal is 5aaam)
8ow I will tun to two "oints we mentioned a little while a'o and in elation to them we say the
followin'/
As fo the (laim that kissin' is fom amon'st the 2husoosiyaat (a(tions s"e(ifi( to the
Messen'e (saw)) then this is e-e(ted (om"letely in its whole and details) *his is be(ause a
kiss is an a(tion whi(h two "eo"le take "at in so the +iew that it is s"e(ifi( to the Messen'e
of Allah (saw) would obli'e in(ludin' his wi+es into this 2husoosiyah whee we would say that
kissin' whilst fastin' was s"e(ifi( only to the Messen'e (saw) and his wi+es) *his is has no
basis at all and nobody has e+e (laimed o said this) *o es"ond to the (laim that kissin' is
s"e(ifi( to the 9o"het (saw) it is enou'h to see that the fist 5adeeth says/ (5e kissed me
whilst he was fastin' and I was fastin')# (So I said/ I am fastin' and he said/ I am (also)
fastin' and kissed me) and the statement of Aaisha is blatantly (lea in numbe >/ (?hat is
5alaal fo a man fom his woman whilst fastin'@ She e"lied/ !+eythin' e.(e"t fo
Inte(ouse)) So the (laims that this is fom the a(tions that ae s"e(ifi( to the Messen'e of
Allah (saw) ae in+alid and false (laims)
As fo the se(ond "oint whi(h says that none othe than the Messen'e of Allah (saw) ha+e
the (a"ability to kee" (ontol o+e thei desies then the es"onse to this is all of the
Ahaadeeth that indi(ate that kissin' is "emissible) *his is be(ause had it not been "ossible
fo anyone e.(e"t the Messen'e of Allah (saw) to be able to estain o (ontol themsel+es
then this was ha+e mandated the "ohibition u"on them and e+eyone) In (on(lusion I say
that kissin' is "emissible fo the fastin' "eson# it does not beak the fast e+en if it stis the
desie o (auses aousal) Also Al-Mubaashaah (fondlin' et(a) is allowed fo the fastin'
"eson and it does not beak the fast e+en if it leads to aousal)
?hat emains in this sub-e(t is elated to seekin' to e-a(ulate o e-a(ulation# does this beak
the fast@ *he ma-oity of Ulamaa ha+e said that if this o((ued fom the delibeate a(tion of
the man then it beaks the fast but if it wee to ha""en unintentionally then it does not beak
the fast fo instan(e if a man looked at o thou'ht about the body of his wife and he e-a(ulated
then this does not beak his fast -ust as e-a(ulation whilst slee"in' does not beak his fast)
An-8awawi said/ *he one who kisses and e-a(ulates then his fast his boken) Ibn 1udaamah
in Al-Mu'hni said/ If he kisses and e-a(ulates then he in+alidates his fast and thee is no
dis"ute on this) Maalik said/ ?hoe+e fondles and kisses and be(omes ee(t but does not
emit fluid o e-a(ulates he has still made his fast in+alid and must make 1adaa) Fom this and
fo 'eate eason (<aab Awlaa) Maaliks statement would be undestood to mean that
e-a(ulation would beak:in+alidate the fast) Many Fu,ahaa ha+e said that if the man emits
Madhi (se(etion due to e.(itement) then his fast is in+alidCC And this is the +iew of Maalik# Ibn
1udaamah and Isha,) In (ontast to all of these is what Ibn 5a3m said in that e-a(ulation
does not beak the fast whethe the a(tion that led to it was intentional o not)
*he tuth is that this issue is not (s"e(ifi(ally) mentioned in the te.ts of the book of Allah o
the Sunnah of the Messen'e of Allah (saw) o e+en in the statements of the Sahaabah (a)) It
is fom the ban(hes of the Fu,ahaa and Ulamaa with the e.(e"tion of what Al-<a33aa
(>7;4) naated fom 5udhaifah (a)/ L?hoe+e "ondes o+e the (eation o fom of a woman
whilst fastin' has in+alidated itN) *his Atha (e"ot) has been (lassified as &aeef (weak) by
Ibn 5a-a in addition to that all of the Ahaadeeth efute this +iew) So those who ha+e
in+alidated the fast by the emission of Mani (s"em) ha+e made analo'y between it and
inte(ouse and 'i+en it the same 5ukm) Shams Ud-&een Ibn 1udaamah said in his Ash-
Shah Al-2abee/ (*o e-a(ulate beaks the fast without disa'eement and we know this fom
what we mentioned of two e"ots# and be(ause the die(t e-a(ulation esembles the
e-a(ulation in inte(ouse without the female 'enitaliaN)
?e ha+e said moe than on(e that the Ibaadah is not easoned (with an Illah) and that the
Illah has to be found in the te.t) *heefoe thee is no 1iyaas in Ibaadah as a 'eneal ule
and as su(h makin' analo'y between the e-e(tion of Mani and inte(ouse is an eo and it is
in(oe(t to make analo'y hee and fom thee "o+ide a le'al -ud'ment:ulin') It is theefoe
(lea that in elation to e-a(ulation and its ulin' thee is no shaeeah te.t (onne(ted to it)
Fastin' is Ibaadah whi(h has been dis(ussed in the te.ts# what in+alidates the fast has been
in(luded in its <aab ((ha"te:se(tion) and it is ne(essay fo this to be mentioned in the te.ts)
In this (ase we do not find the e-e(tion of Mani in(luded in the sub-e(t aea of what beaks the
fast so it is not (oe(t to in(lude it thee with a (lea mind and 1iyaas (analo'y) is in+alid) If
the 8oble Shaeeah has been silent o+e the emission of Mani as bein' fom amon'st the
a(tions that in+alidates the fast then it is also obli'atoy fo us to emain silent in elation to it
and that we efain fom entein' it into the (ha"te of those thin's:a(tions that beak the fast)
1l.u'aa"ah:
Al-hu-aamah is the s"littin':o"enin' of the skin in the head with a tool (alled a Mih-am o
Mih-amah followed by the 5aa-im (one "efomin' al-5u-aamah) e.ta(tin' the blood fom the
o"enin' when thee is an abundan(e of blood in the body) Al-5u-aamah is mostly done on the
head and Abd U-$ahman Al-Aaa- said that <uhainah said/ L*hat the 9o"het (saw) had Al-
5u-aamah done in the middles of his head whilst he was a Muhim on his way to MakkahN)
8aated by Muslim (4BB=))
*he Fu,ahaa and the Sahaabha befoe them ha+e diffeed on whethe Al-5u-aamah beaks
the fast o not@ Muhammad Seeeen# Al-5asan Al-<asi# Ataa# Ahmad <in 5anbal# Isha, Ibn
$aahuuwiyah# Abu *haw# Al-Awa3aaI# Ad-&aawudi of the Maalikiyah# Muhammad <in Al-
Mundhi# Ibn 2hu3aimah# Ibn 5ibbaan fom the Shaafiiyah all +iewed that 5u-aamah beaks
the fast of the one "efomin' it and the one it is "efomed on and that 1adaa is obli'ed on
both) Ataa in addition to 1adaa obli'ed 2affaaah u"on them whi(h is a Shaadh (e.temely
fa off fom the nom) o"inion) *his o"inion has also been attibuted to Ali <in Abi *aalib# Abu
Moosa Al-Ashai# Abdullah Ibn Uma# Abu 5uaiah and Aaisha (ah) fom amon'st the
Sahaabah)
%n the othe hand Saeed <in Al-Musayyib# Uwah <in A3-Iubai# Ash-Shabi# Ibaheem An-
8akhI# Abu 5aneefah# Maalik# Ash-Shaafi and Ath-*hawi all held the o"inion that Al-
5u-aamah does not beak the "esons fast) *his o"inion has also been attibuted to Umm
Salamah# Abdullah Ibn Abbaas# Abu Saeed Al-2hudi# Anas <in Maalik# Abdullah Ibn
Masood# Sad Ibn Abi ?a,,aas and fom Aaisha and Abdullah Ibn Uma in anothe
naation fom both of them)
So that we (an know whi(h of these two 5ukms is (oe(t# we need to fist bin' foth the
e+iden(es elated to the issue/
6D) *hawbaan (a) said that the 9o"het (saw) said/
LL*he one who "efoms Al-5u-aamah and the one who it is "efomed on ha+e
boken thei fastNN)
8aated by Abu &aawood (46=>)# An-8asaai# Ibn Maa-ah# Ahmad# Ibn 5ibbaan# Ad-
&aaami and Ibn 2hu3aimah) Its Isnaad ((hain of naatos) is Saheeh a((odin' to
the (onditions of Al-<ukhaai)
60) Shiddaad <in Aus (a) said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) (ame to a man in Al-<a,ee and he was "efomin'
Al-hu-aamah and ei'hteen days had "assed fom $amadhaan) 5e (saw) said/ *he
one who "efoms Al-5u-aamah and the one who it is "efomed on ha+e boken thei
fastNN)
$e"oted by Abu &aawood ((46=H)# Ahmad# An-8asaai# Ibn Maa-ah and Ad-
&aaami) Ibn 5ibbaan (6;67) and Al-<ayha,i e"oted it with the followin'
be'innin'/LI was with the Messen'e of Allah (saw) at Al-<a,ee at the time of Al-
FathaN)
64) $aafi <in 2hadee- (a) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LL*he 5aa-im (the one "efomin' it) and Mah-oom (the one who it is "efomed on)
ha+e boken thei fastNN)
$e"oted by Ibn 5ibbaan (6;6;)# At-*imidhi# Ahmad# Ibn 2hu3aimah# Al-<ayha,i# At-
*abaaani and Al-5aakim) Ibn Al-Mudaini +eified it as Saheeh) Ibn 2hu3aimah and
Al-haakim mentioned that) At-*imidhi said/ It is 5asan Saheeh and Ahmad said/ *he
5adeeth of Shiddaad is the most Saheeh in this sub-e(t aea (<aab) and the Isnaad
of the 5adeeth fom $aafi is Jayyid ('ood)) 5e also said/ *he 5adeeths of *hawbaan
and Shiddaad ae both saheeh) Ibn 1udaamah said/ *his has been naated fom the
9o"het (saw) by fouteen "eo"le)
66) Abdullah Ibn Abbaas (a) said/
LL*he 9o"het (saw) had Al-5u-aamah "efomed whilst he was a Muhim# and also
whilst he was fastin'NN)
8aated by Al-<ukhaai (0H6B)# Abu &aawood# An-8asaai# At-*imidhi and Ibn
Maa-ah) Ahmad (0H76) and Al-<ayha,i naated it with the followin' wodin'/ L*he
Messen'e of Allah (saw) had Al-5u-aamah "efomed on him between Makkah and
Al-Madeenah while he was a Muhim and fastin'N)
67) *haabit Al-<unaani said/
LLAnas bin Maalik was asked/ &id you use to dislike Al-5u-aamah whilst fastin'@ 5e
said/ 8o# e.(e"t fo the eason of weakness (body sten'th)NN Al-<ukhaai (0H6H)#
Abu &aawood and Al-<ayha,i) Al-<ayha,i (4=B:7) and Ad-&aaa,utni naated fom
*haabit Al-<unaani that Anas <in Maalik (a) said/ LFistly thee was a dislike fo Al-
5u-aamah fo the one fastin'# Jafa Ibn Abi *aalib (a) had it done whilst fastin' and
the 9o"het (saw) "assed by him and said/ *hese two beak the fast) *he 9o"het
(saw) then late 'a+e "emission fo Al-5u-aamah whilst fastin' and Anas use to do it
whilst fastin'N)
6;) Ibn Abbaas (a) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LL*he fast is not boken fo thee/ *he one who +omits# the one who has Al-
5u-aamah "efomed and the one who has an emission whilst deamin':slee"in'NN)
8aated by Al-<a33aa (0D0=) and Ad-&aaa,utni (0B6:4) and At-*abaaani in Al-
Mu-am Al-Awsat e"oted the naation fom the authoity of Abu Saeed Al-2hudi
(a))
6=) Abu Saeed (a) said/
LL*he 9o"het (saw) "emitted the kiss fo the fastin' "eson and also Al-
5u-aamahNN)
$e"oted by An-8asaai (6447) in As-Sunan Al-2ubaa# Ad-&aaa,utni and At-
*abaaani in Al-Mu-am Al-Awsat) Al-<a33aa naated (0D04) naated the followin'
Laf3h/ L*he 9o"het (saw) "emitted Al-5u-aamah fo the one fastin'N) Its naatos
ae Saheeh) Ibn 5a3m naated it and +eified it as Saheeh and Ibn 2hu3aimah said it
was Saheeh but that it sto""ed at Saeed)
In elation to these e+iden(es I say the followin'/
*hee is no doubt that the fist thee Ahaadeeth ae suitable to be used as e+iden(e and
"oof) *he e+iden(e is suitable to demonstate that the "ue Shaeeah had fobidden the
fastin' "eson to "efom Al-5u-aamah and that it was of those a(tions that in+alidated the
fast) Any inte"etation that 'oes a'ainst these +ey (lea te.ts is e-e(ted like the one that
says/ *he one "efomin' and the one ha+in' Al-5u-aamah "efomed wee ba(kbitin' whilst
fastin' and theefoe this was said about them) !+en Imaam Ash-Shaafi said/ In this
inte"etation what is aimed at by the beakin' of thei fasts is the losin' of ewad) Simila to
this is what Al-2hitaabi mentioned that they ha+e been e."osed to beakin' thei fast# so the
one who is ha+in' it done may fall in to touble o hadshi" due to the loss of blood and so
beaks his fast and the one "efomin' it then it "ossible that if blood (omes in (onta(t with
his li"s that it will 'o inside him and beak his fast) *hee ae othe (eoneous) inte"etations
in addition to these and the least that (an be said about them is that they ae in+alid (<aatil))
As fo the fist +iew then its e-e(tion is fom many an'les/
Fistly/ <a(kbitin' does not beak the fast a((odin' to the most (oe(t o"inion)
Se(ondly/ *he ahaadeeth whi(h stated Aftaa Al-5aa-im ?al-Mah-oom (*he one "efomin'
and the one "efomed on ha+e boken thei fast) ha+e been naated in many diffeent
situations:(i(umstan(es and it (annot be ima'ined that in all of them was the "esen(e of
Gheebah (ba(kbitin')# in addition to that all of the e+iden(es do not (ontain any mention of
Gheebah# so fom whee did they (ome u" with this inte"etation@
*hidly/ *his ty"e of inte"etation is not +alid and (annot be used fo futhe inte"etation o
a basis fo futhe inte"etation be(ause of its essential weakness and la(k of +alidity) So to
use the inte"etation that they boke thei fast due to ba(kbitin' and then base on this the
inte"etation that what is meant hee is that thei ewad has been lost (i)e) like ba(kbitin') is
((om"letely) in(oe(t)
As fo the se(ond statement mentioned by Al-2hitaabi and that they ha+e been e."osed to
(the "ossibility) of beakin' thei fast# he e."lains this by the "ossibility of the 5u-aamah
leadin' to hadshi" and weakness (due to loss of blood) o the "ossibility of the blood
somehow ea(hin' the insides of the 5aa-im (one "efomin' it)) *he answe to this is that
Fi,h is not built u"on "ossibilities and es"e(ially in this (ase whee the "ossibility is not +ey
"ossible o "obableCC As fo it not bein' "obable be(ause this undestandin' would lead us
to say that insin' ou mouth in ?udoo would beak ou fast with the "ossibility of wate
entein' inside us so should the insin' of the mouth be emo+ed o do""ed fom the fastin'
"eson@C
%n the othe hand we find Fu,ahaa who say that Al-5u-aamah (itself) beaks the fast
standin' by these thee te.ts and othes simila to them without lookin' at and eadin' what
(ame afte them and if they had ead what (ame afte then they 'a+e them inte"etations)
*his is like what they said (on(enin' the 5adeeth numbe 7 that stated that the 9o"het
(saw) had Al-5u-aamah "efomed whilst he was a Muhim# i)e) 'oin' to "efom 5a--# and
that he was ta+ellin' and the ta+ele does not fast and that many naations ha+e (onfimed
that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) boke his fast whilst ta+ellin'CC *hey ae sayin' that when
the Messen'e of Allah (saw) "efomed Al-5u-aamah in ta+el he was not fastin'C Like this
they dis"el this 5adeeth with su(h sim"li(ity and ease and they tun thei eyes away fom
hadeeths ; and = due to the diffi(ulty of inte"etin' them (a((odin' to thei own +iew))
Many of the dis"utes and diffeen(es that o((u amon'st the Fu,ahaa is a esult of them
takin' (olle(tions of te.ts in a sin'le issue whilst lea+in':i'noin' anothe 'ou"in' of te.ts)
*hey would take the 'eneal Ahaadeeth and lea+e those that s"e(ify o take the "e(edin'
Ahaadeeth and lea+e the (onne(ted abo'atin' Ahaadeeth# o they make analo'y between
issues e+en when analo'y is not e,uied o they down themsel+es in bin'in' all the
meanin's of e."essions as they ae found in the di(tionaies of lan'ua'e and then take a
meanin' that they need to fit thei +iew) *hee ae fom the Ulamaa and in "ati(ula fom the
late and moden times who look fo the Maslahah ("ubli( inteest:benefit) and the 'eneal
(alamity and as a esult make "emissible what Allah (swt) and 5is Messen'e (saw) ha+e
made 5aaam) I ha+e found all this myself thou'h eadin' the books of Fi,h and how these
Fu,ahaa and Ulamaa ha+e a'eed to a la'e e.tent to lea+e all that went befoe them to limit
and make small the diffeen(es between them) In elation to what we ha+e "esented we say/
*he fist thee Ahaadeeth mention that Al-5u-aamah beaks the fast howe+e these ae not
the only Ahaadeeth in this Masalah (issue)) ?e also ha+e the fouth e+iden(e that the
9o"het (saw) had Al-5u-aamah "efomed on him whilst he was fastin' and this was
mentioned in a Saheeh 5adeeth) !+en if this was the only hadeeth in ou hands amon' the
othe thee mentioned Ahaadeeth ou undestandin' of this issue would ha+e diffeed due to
the (lea (ontadi(tion between them) 5owe+e by lookin' at all of the te.ts elated to this
sin'le issue the diffeen(e would be "e+ented as we ha+e mentioned) *he fifth 5adeeth
(ame to mention that Al-5u-aamah was at fist a (ause fo the beakin' of the fast and then
afte that (ame the "emission and the se+enth 5adeeth eaffims thios meanin' with the
wodin' $akhkhasa i)e) to be "emitted) It is known that the Laf3ha (wod:e."ession)
$akhkhasa does not a""ea odinaily e.(e"t afte a "ohibition and is not used to indi(ate
an oi'inal ulin') *he wod in itself indi(ates that befoe it the thin' was not allowed) As su(h
it is ne(essay afte ha+in' e.amined all of the te.ts to say that 8uskh (abo'ation) has
o((ued in this issue (Masalah) i)e) the ulin' e.ta(ted fom the fist thee Ahaadeeth has
been abo'ated)
It (ould be said that the 5adeeth fom Shiddaad (4) o((ued at the time of Al-Fath# and this
the Fath (o"enin') of Makkah was in the ei'hth yea of 5i-ah and this theefoe means that
the statement (on(enin' the beakin' of fast of both the 5aa-im and Mah-oom (ame late and
(ould not be abo'ated@ ?e answe this by sayin' that Ibn Abbaas (a) who was the naato
of the fouth 5adeeth had a((om"anied the 9o"het (saw) in the faewell "il'ima'e (5i--atul
?adaa) and did not a((om"any him in a state of Ihaam fo 5a-- befoe that and this o((ued
in the tenth yea of 5i-ah) It o((ued two yeas afte the o"enin' of Makkah so the timin' of
the fouth hadeeth is late than that of the se(ond by two yeas and this by itself is suffi(ient to
ebut those who ha+e said this) Afte this (omes the si.th hadeeth that einfo(es the o"inion
that Al-5u-aamah does not beak the fast)
As fo the hadeeth fi+e whi(h is e"oted by Al-<ukhaai# whi(h mentions the 2aaahah
(dislike) of Al-5u-aamah and mentions that the eason fo this 5ukm (-ud'ment) is what the
"eson suffes fom weakness as a esult of the loss of blood thou'h Al-5u-aamah) It is
"ossible hee fo somebody to say/ *he 5ukm of 2aaahah (and the Fu,ahaa ha+e used this
tem to indi(ate *aheem ("ohibition)) emains and is not abo'ated be(ause the le'al
eason (Illa) e+ol+es aound the issue bein' easoned in "esen(e and absen(e) In this
hadeeth the Illa is "esent and fim be(ause the weakness that befalls the Mah-oom does not
fall behind# It is theefoe waa-ib to wok with this Illah and theefoe the ulin' (hukm) of
2aaahah and *aheem@ ?e es"ond and e"el this +iew fom a numbe of an'les/
Fistly/ Fistly this statement was fom Anas <in Maalik and was not a statement Mafoouan
('oin' ba(k to) the Messen'e of Allah (saw) in ode fo it to be (onsideed a Shaeeah
e+iden(e whi(h is obli'atoy to hold fast to)
Se(ondly/ *he easonin' of the 2aaahah (dislikin':"ohibition) of Al-5u-aamah bein' linked o
weakness a""lies to the Mah-oom (one ha+in' (u""in' "efomed on him) and does not a""ly
to the 5aa-im (the "eson "efomin' it)) It is "ossible fo the Mah-oom to be(ome weak fom
the loss of blood but not the 5aa-im so how (an this 2aaahah a""lie to both of them@ *his
situation (eates doubt that this statement (an a(tually be attibuted to Anas (a) and we (an
ha+e e+en 'eate doubt that this (an be attibuted to the Messen'e of Allah (saw))
*hidly/ *he eason fo a "eson "efomin' Al-5u-aamah is linked to the feelin' of e.(ess
blood and the sten'th of its "essue and what is linked to that of u"set o distuban(e in his
health so he has Al-5u-aamah "efomed to elie+e this and 'i+e his body est fom what it is
suffein') So how (an it be said in li'ht of this that Al-5u-aamah makes the body weak whi(h
leads to the beakin' of fast o its in+alidation@
Fouth/ As fo the +iew that the Illah (le'al eason) emains and that it is (oe(t to make
analo'y u"on it then this is a (oe(t +iew but this (an only be the (ase if the 5ukm (ulin') is
Muhkaman ((lea) and fim and not abo'ated) In this issue this (annot be said be(ause the
ulin' is Mansookh (abo'ated))
&ue to these fou a'uments we say/ *his hadeeth (annot be looked at as it is in (ontadi(tion
with the +iew of "emittin' Al-5u-aamah and with that ou o"inion of "emittin' Al-5u-aamah
fo the fastin' "eson is made fim)
<uildin' on what has "e(eded# meanin' the "emissibility of Al-5u-aamah fo the Saaim
whi(h is the e.ta(tion of blood fom the body we say the followin'/
44) *he "o(ess of donatin' blood in ou "esent time is in eality the e.ta(tion of blood
fom the body and whee the e.ta(tion of blood is "emissible and does not beak
the fast we theefoe (an say that donatin' blood also does not beak the fast)
46) *hat the wound and what a((om"anies it odinaily of e.tenal bleedin' whethe this
has esulted fom fi'htin' in the way of Allah# fom a (a a((ident# o a shootin' at a
weddin' o a'ument# o fallin' fom a hi'h "la(e o any othe situation o
(i(umstan(e all of this does not beak the fast)
47) *hat the "o(ess of dialysis whi(h is the e.ta(tion of the blood fom the body in a
"uifyin' "o(ess and then the etunin' of this "uified blood into the body# does not
beak the fast) *his is be(ause the e.ta(tion of blood in this "o(ess is like its
e.ta(tion in Al-5u-aamah and they ae the same a(tion so what is a""li(able to one
in -ud'ment is wholly a""li(able to the othe)
4;) *he e.ta(tion of blood with a needle in ode fo it to be e.amined in a laboatoy is
"emitted and does not beak the fast)
4=) *he su(kin' of blood by lee(hes (used as teatment) does not beak the fast)
So the e.itin' of blood fom the body does not beak the fast whate+e the easons and
(auses mi'ht me fo this e.ta(tion)
1l.+ktihaal (1**lication of @ohl (charcoal)around the eyes):
*he Fu,ahaa ha+e diffeed in elation to the 5ukm (ulin') on Iktihaal and whethe it is
"emissible fo the fastin' "eson# disliked o 5aaam and theefoe in+alidates the fast@ Ibn
Shubamah# Ibn Abi Laylah# Mansoo Ibn Al-Mutami and Suleymaan At-*aimi ha+e +iewed
that Iktihaal in+alidates the fast and this has been mentioned by Ibn Al-Mundhi) Maalik#
Ahmad# Sufyaan Ath-*hawi# Abdullah Ibn Mubaaak and Isha, ha+e said that it is Makooh
(disliked)) Maalik and Ahmad said/ If the 2uhl ea(hes the thoat then it beaks the fast) Abu
5aneefah# Ash-Shaafi# Abu *haw# Al-Aw3aaI# &aawood <in Ali# Ataa# Al-5asan Al-<asi#
Ibaheem An-8akhi and Ibn Shihaab A3-Iahi all +iewed it to be "emissible and that it does
not beak the fast at all) *his has also been e"oted fom Abdullah Ibn Uma# Anas <in
Maalik and Ibn Abi Auf fom amon' the Sahaabah (ah))
*he (oe(t +iew on this issue is so (lea that it does not e,uie a lon' e."lanation and that
Iktihaal is "emissible fo the fastin' "eson and that it does not beak the fast unde any
situation) *his is be(ause thee has not been naated a sin'le Saheeh o 5asan hadeeth
fom the Messen'e of Allah (saw) o fom any of the Sahaabah (ah) whi(h has "ohibited
Iktihaal fo the fastin' "eson# neithe a de(isi+e o inde(isi+e fobiddin') Similaly thee has
also not been naated any 5adeeth Saheeh o 5asan that has "emitted it fo the fastin'
"eson so the te.ts ha+e not in(luded it into the sub-e(t aea of those a(tions o thin's that
in+alidate o beak the fast) *his indi(ates that it is fom the "emitted a(tions of the fast) As
fo what has been naated of Ahaadeeth that ha+e "emitted o fobidden Iktihaal# they ae all
weak o e-e(ted and ae absolutely not suitable fo use as a le'al e+iden(e o "oof) As an
e.am"le I will mention some of them/
4H) %n the authoity of Abdu $ahman <in An-8umaan <in Ma)bad <in 5awdhah fom
his fathe fom his 'andfathe that the 9o"het (saw) said/
LL*hat he odeed the a""li(ation of 2ohl and Musk at the time of slee") 5e said/ It
"ote(ts the fastin' "esonNN)
$e(oded by Abu &aawood (46>>)) Ad-&aaami (0>67) and Al-<ayha,i with the
wodin'/ LL &o not "ut on 2ohl in the day whilst fastin' but a""ly it at ni'ht be(ause it
makes the si'ht "lain and the hai 'owNN)
6D) Abu $aafi said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) use to a""ly 2ohl whilst he was fastin'NN)
8aated by At-*abaaani in Al-Mu-am Al-2abee (H6H:0) and Al-<ayha,i) Al-
5aithami said/ *he naation in(ludes 5ibbaan <in Ali fom Muhammad <in
Ubaidullah <in Abi $aafi# they ha+e been +eified as tustwothy but thee has been a
lot said about them)
60) A3-Iubaidy e"oted that 5isham <in Uwah naated fom his fathe fom Aaisha
(a) that she said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah a""lied 2ohl while he was fastin'NN
$e"oted by Ibn Maa-ah (0=>B)# Al-<ayha,i and Ibn Adi)
Afte Abu &aawood naated the fist hadeeth he said/ Aahya <in Moeen said/ *his 5adeeth
is Munka (e-e(ted)# meanin' the 5adeeth about Al-2ohl) It is theefoe not suitable as
e+iden(e o le'al "oof) *his 5adeeth is linked to Ibn Shubumah and his 'ou" in elation to
the +iew of the in+alidation of the fast by the a""li(ation of Al-2ohl and theefoe with the
ne'ation of this hadeeth this +iew is also ne'ated) As fo the se(ond hadeeth whi(h indi(ates
that a""lyin' 2ohl is "emitted fo the fastin' "eson it is a weak (&aeef) naation# indeed a
+ey weak naation) Al-5aithami hee as disillusioned the eade with what he said) Al-
<ukhaai said in his At-*aaeekh Al-2abee (on(enin' Muhammad <in Ubaidullah/ *he
hadeeth is e-e(ted) Aahya <in Moeen said about him/ *hee is nothin' in him and his son is
Muma) Ibn Al-Jaw3i e"oted fom Ad-&aaa,utni that he is weak) A-$aa3i said about him/
*hey hadeeth has 'one) Al-<ayha,i said/ 5e does not hold sten'th) As fo 5ibbaan <in Ali#
e+en if some ha+e said that he is tustwothy Ibn Abi 2haithamah said about him/ 5is
5adeeth ae not woth anythin') Abu &aawood said/ I do not naate fom him o his bothe)
Ali <in Al-Mudaini said/ I do not wite his 5adeeth) Abu Iuah said/ 5ibban is weak) Abu
5aatim said/ 5is hadeeth ae e(oded but not used as e+iden(e) So this 5adeeth is also +ey
weak and is theefoe left and e-e(ted) In e'ads to the thid 5adeeth then A3-Iubaidi and
his name is Saeed <in Abdul Jabbaa is weak and Al-<ayha,i mentioned that he is of the
emainin' unknown Sheikhs# uni,ue in what is not followed fom him so his 5adeeth is
e-e(ted) *he same (an be said about any othe hadeeth in this issue# all of them ae &aeef
(weak) o Munka (e-e(ted:denied) and do not bin' any benefit)
?hat emains ae the many Saheeh Ahaadeeth that "emit Iktihaal in a 'eneal and absolute
fom and theefoe it stays in this absolute and 'eneal fom as bein' "emitted in all
situations and (i(umstan(es whi(h in(ludes the situation of fastin') As fo the +iew that if the
2ohl ea(hes the thoat then it beaks the fast then I do not find a need to es"ond to this with
moe than to say that these ae statements that do not dese+e any attention o im"otan(e
'i+en to them)
So the a""li(ation of 2ohl is "emitted# whethe in the fom of (oal# anothe solid mateial o a
li,uid fom (mas(aa) whi(h is used in ou "esent day o if it is a""lied with a bush# "en o
othewise) All of this is "emitted and thee ae is no e+iden(e to "ohibit it)
And what I ha+e said in es"e(t to 2ohl I also say in e'ads to eye do"s) *hee is no &aleel
fom the Shaa that it beaks the fast and only e+iden(es that establish its "emissibility and
this is be(ause it is like the eality of wate when "efomin' ?udoo o Ghusl and what entes
the eye in tems of wate o medi(ine does absolutely not beak the fast) As fo what some
Fu,ahaa ha+e said e'adin' eye do"s ea(hin' the thoat# this is an absud +iew that
e,uies no attention 'i+en to it) Simila to eye do"s ae ea do"s in that they both do not
beak the fast be(ause thee eality is simila to the entein' of wate when "efomin' 'husl
and ?udoo whi(h do not e+e (ause the fast to be boken)
As fo nose do"s# if the fluid ea(hes the thoat and is swallowed then it beaks the fast# if
howe+e it ea(hes the mouth and he s"its it out then his fast is not boken) *his is be(ause it
is well known that the nose is diffeent fom the eye and ea in that it is die(tly (onne(ted to
the mouth)
1s./i#aak:
Abu 5aneefah# Maalik# Ash-Shaafi said that "efomin' Siwaak was "emitted fo the fastin'
"eson the be'innin' of the day and end of it o befoe Ihoh and afte it) Ahmad and Isha,
ha+e "emitted it in the fist "at of the day and ha+e said it is Makooh afte Iawaal (Sun at
Ienith) i)e) afte Ihoh) It is also well known that *he Shaafiiyah ha+e dis"uted in elation to
what has been e"oted fom Ash-Shaafi in this issue)
*hee has also been dis"ute (on(enin' Siwaak# the use of (s"e(ifi() dam":wet sti(k and a
toothbush with tooth"aste on it) 2aaahah (dislike) of usin' this has been e"oted fom
Ahmad# 1ataadah# Aami Ash-Shabi# Al-5akam# Isha, and Maalik in one e"ot attibuted to
him) It has been "emitted howe+e by Imaam Maalik in anothe e"ot# Mu-aahid# Ath-*hawi#
Al-Aw3aaI# Abu 5aneefah and Uwah) *his has also been e"oted to be the +iew of Ali <in
Abi *aalib and Abdullah Ibn Uma may Allah be "leased with them both)
*hose who ha+e "emitted it use ha+e used the followin' e+iden(es to ai+e at thei +iew/
47) Aami <in $abeea (a) said/
LLI saw the Messen'e of Allah (saw) "efomin' Siwaak whilst he was fastin'# (so
many times that it (ould not be (ounted)NN)
$e(oded by Abu &aawood (46=7) and At-*imidhi +eified it as 5asan) Ahmad# Ibn
2hu3aimah# Al-<ayha,i# Abu &aawood At-*ayaalisi# Ad-&aaa,utni and Al-<a33aa
also naated it) Al-<ukhaai said/ UIt has been mentioned that the 9o"het (saw)
"efomed Siwaak whilst fastin' and Ibn Uma said/ 5e "efomed it at the be'innin'
of the day and the end of it and he would not swallow his sali+aa)V)
4;) Mu-aalid naated fom Ash-Shabi fom Masoo, fom Aaisha (a) that she said that
the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LLAs-Siwaak is of the best ,ualities atta(hed to fastin'NN
8aated by Ibn Maa-ah (0=>>)# Ad-&aaa,utni and At-*abaaani in Al-Mu-am Al-
Awsat)
4=) *hee ae also Ahaadeeth that ha+e (ome (on(enin' Siwaak in an esti(ted way like
the hadeeth e"oted by Abu 5uaiah (a) that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LLIf I had not wanted hadshi" to be u"on my Ummah (o "eo"le) I would ha+e
odeed the Siwaak with e+ey "ayeNN)
8aated by Al-<ukhaai (BB>)# Muslim# Abu &aawood# An-8asaai# At-*imidhi# Ibn
5ibbaan and Ahmad)
So in li'ht of these I say/
*he fist 5adeeth has been (lassified as weak by some but At-*imidhi (lassified it as 5asan
and Al-<ukhaai mentioned it and (ommented u"on it and it is well known how sti(t he is with
the (lassifi(ation of 5adeeth whi(h he naates and s"eaks about) It is theefoe (oe(t to
use this 5adeeth fo Istidlaal (as a Shaeeah e+iden(e)) As fo the se(ond 5adeeth it is
&aeef due to the weakness of Mu-aalid) Al-<ukhaai said/ Aahyah <in Saeed (lassified him
as &aeef and Ibn Mahdi did not naate fom him and Ahmad did not see any +alue in him)
Ibn Moeen said/ 5is hadeeth ae not used as a le'al "oof and Abu 5aatim said somethin'
simila so this 5adeeth is left and (annot be used) As the thid 5adeeth whi(h is Saheeh it is
suffi(ient in itself to be used as an e+iden(e that the fastin' "eson "efoms Siwaak be(ause
the (ommand of "efomin' Siwaak at the time of e+ey Salaah in(ludes $amadhaan as it
in(ludes othe than it) *he 5adeeth is 'eneal and is not s"e(ified and absolute and not
esti(ted and is theefoe suitable to be used as an e+iden(e in this issue) Al-<ukhaai said/
UAbu 5uaiah said fom the 9o"het (saw)/ If I did not want hadshi" on my Ummah I would
ha+e odeed them with the "efoman(e of Siwaak at e+ey ?udoo) Simila to this has also
been e"oted fom Jaabi and Iaid <in 2haalid fom the 9o"het (saw) and the fastin'
"eson has not been s"e(ified fom anyone elseaV)
So Siwaak is e(ommended and a Sunnah fo the fastin' "eson and at any time# whethe it
is befoe Iawaal o afte it) *he one who has s"e(ified it fo befoe Iawaal o disliked it in
'eneal# then they need to bin' foth a Shaeeah &aleel fo this and thee isnt one) As fo
the (laim of Al-2huloof (the (han'in' of the smell of the mouth due to fastin') and that it
should not be emo+ed with Siwaak until the end of the day due to the Ahaadeeth that ha+e
mentioned that this smell is bette to Allah than the smell of Misk (sweet "efume:Ata smell))
So it is said that it is "efeable to kee" this smell and that is disliked to emo+e it# then this
(annot be (onsideed an e+iden(e fo the dislike of "efomin' Siwaak whilst fastin')
As fo what is elated to the wetness o dyness and the +iew that it is dislikable to use a wet
Miswak then fistly thee is no &aleel fo this and also the eality (annot make allow su(h a
(on(lusion) *his is be(ause if a dy Miswak is "la(ed in the mouth it then be(omes wet with
sali+a and has the same effe(t as a wet Miswak# the (ase is one and the same and the 5ukm
is theefoe also the same) 5owe+e the usin' of Siwaak in two (ases obli'es that attention
be "aid to what (an 'athe in the mouth fom usin' it and that it does not 'et swallowed# and
what may (unintentionally) 'et "ast this "e(aution is "adoned)
*he entein' of any mateial into the mouth whethe it is edible o not is "emitted fo the
fastin' "eson with the (ondition that it is not swallowed o anythin' that (omes fom it as
de'adable:disol+able is swallowed) *his is simila to when we make ?udoo whilst fastin'
and make effots to "e+ent any of the wate to ente into the thoat and Gullet)
Mas!alah (Further linked issue):
?hat a""lies to what (an be absobed fom the mateial of Siwaak also a""lies to what (an
be absobed fom (hewin' 'um) It is allowed fo the fastin' "eson to (hew 'um on the
(ondition that he noti(es and "ays e'ad to what (an build u" of the mateial in his mouth)
*his is if the 'um is de'adable howe+e if it is not then thee is no ham fo the faste in
(hewin' it) And of those who ha+e e"oted the "emission of (hewin' 'um is Aaisha (a) the
mothe of belie+es# Ibaheem An-8akhI# Aami Ash-Shabi and Ataa Ibn Abi Shaibah
mentioned this (7;6:4))
Most of the Ulamaa ha+e "emitted the (hewin' of 'um if it is not de'adable (i)e) somethin'
(omes out fom it that (an be in'ested)) If it is de'adable and swallowed then the ma-oity
ha+e said that this beaks the fast and this is the (oe(t +iew) In (ontast the "eo"le of $aI
and Ash-Shaafi ha+e said that the (hewin' of 'um is disliked (2aaahah)) Al-<ayha,i (4=H:7)
e"oted fom Umm 5abeebah the wife of the 9o"het (saw) that she said/ *he fastin'
"eson does not (hew 'um) Ibn Abi Shaibah (7;7:4) and Abdu $a33aa, e"oted that a
numbe of the *aabioon +iewed the (hewin' of 'um with 2aaahah (dislike)) Ibn Abu Shaibah
said thee wee some who +iewed it as "emissible and I ha+e not seen anyone who has said
that (hewin' 'um is 5aaam and that it beaks the fast)
As fo the o"inion of 2aaahah (dislike)# this has (ome fom them due to the "ossibility of
swallowin' somethin' fom mateial o substan(e that has (ome fom the 'um) ?e es"ond
to this by sayin' that e+en if "ossibility was suitable to be used as an e+iden(e o a basis to
fom the o"inion of 2aaahah (dislike) we would then ha+e to say the same thin' in elation to
the use of Siwaak o the "uttin' of wate in the mouth in ?udoo be(ause all of these efle(t
the same eality)
Mas!alah (related issue):
As we ha+e said that the entein' of anythin' in the mouth does not beak the fast and that
the use of Siwaak and Madmadah in ?udoo whi(h ae both "emitted su""ot this +iew) *he
'eneal "in(i"le (Al-1aaidah Al-Aamah) theefoe is/ *he entein' of any mateial in the
mouth does not beak the fast e.(e"t if a mateial o substan(e that is emitted o (omes off it
is swallowed and it was "ossible to 'uad fom it) 5owe+e if it was not "ossible to 'uad fom
it# like a +ey small insi'nifi(ant amount then thee is no "oblem with this (i)e) it does not
beak the fast))
So established on this "in(i"le it is "emissible to taste food and the "la(in' of a
themomete in the mouth is also allowed) Also that dentisty wok is allowed and does not
beak the fast as lon' as nothin' ea(hes the thoat of substan(es o mateials and is
swallowed)
As fo the emnants of food whi(h may be stu(k in between the teeth# then if they emain
whee they ae then thee is no diffeen(e in that it does not beak the fast and thee is no
ham if a little of it was di'ested as the Shaa has "adoned a little of what (annot be
"e+ented o 'uaded fom o((uin') If howe+e this food foms some kind of solid body and
is swallowed i)e) it has to a(tually be swallowed and does not 'o down in the sali+a without
sensation) If this is in the mouth it has to be noti(ed and emo+ed and if it is swallowed then it
beaks the fast -ust as if a lentil (o (hi(k "ea) was swallowed)
Muhammad Ibn Al-Mundhi said/ *hey ha+e ea(hed a (onsensus E *he Ulamaa of the
Muslims E that the swallowin' of anythin' fom what was in the teeth and (ould not be
emo+ed in the sali+a does not ha+e any effe(t on the fastin' "esons fast) Abu 5aneefah
used to say/ If he had between his teeth meat and he eats it intentionally then thee is no
1adaa u"on him) In this +iew he has 'one a'ainst the ma-oity be(ause this is (ounted as
eatin') *he (oe(t +iew is the o"inion of the ma-oity# that the intentional eatin' of meat that
is (au'ht between the teeth and it is "ossible to emo+e it# beaks the fast)
As fo what a "eson with a heat illness o has suffeed a stoke "la(es unde his ton'ue of
"ills whi(h melt 'adually as a emedy when the (ondition is intensified# then this beaks the
fast) *his is be(ause thee is no diffeen(e between swallowin' a "ill in one 'o and
swallowin' it 'adually) *his is simila to medi(inal do"s in the mouth and ino(ulation do"s
a'ainst "aalysis as they all beak the fast)
So what entes into the mouth does not beak the fast e.(e"t fo what entes into the 'ullet
meanin' what has been swallowed) *he fastin' "eson must take (ae and 'uad his fast and
bewae of beakin' his fast if he did not intend it)
False5 ignorant and backbiting s*eech to and about others:
*he ma-oity ha+e said that ba(kbitin' does not beak the fast) Ahmad <in 5anbal said/ And
who is safe fom ba(kbitin'@ 5ad Al-Gheebah (ba(kbitin') boken the fast thee would ha+e
been no fastin' fo us) Ash-Shaafi said the beakin' of fast with Gheebah is (aied o+e to
mean the loss of the fastin' "esons ewad) *his is simila to the sayin' of the Messen'e
(saw) (on(enin' the one that s"eaks duin' the 2hutbah of Jumah when he said/L*hee is
no Jumah fo youN without odein' that the a(tion is e"eated o made u" fo) *his indi(ates
that he meant the loss of ewad whi(h was said by As-Sinaani the autho of Subul As-
Salaam) Al-Aw3aaI# Ibn 5a3m and a naation fom Aaisha (a) ha+e howe+e stated that Al-
Gheebah beaks the fast)
In ode to ea(h the (oe(t +iew in this issue it is ne(essay to e.amine the e+iden(es that
ae elated to it/
0;) Abu 5uaiah (a) said that *he 9o"het (saw) said/
LL?hosoe+e does not lea+e false s"ee(h and a(tin' u"on it# then Allah has no need
of him to lea+e his food and dinkNN)
$e"oted by Al-<ukhaai (0HD6)# Abu &aawud# An-8asaai# At-*imidhi and Ahmad)
Ibn Maa-ah (0=BH) e(odin' the followin' Laf3h/ L?hosoe+e does not lea+e false
s"ee(h# i'noan(e and a(tin' u"on it then Allah is in no need of him to lea+e his food
and dinkN)
0=) Anas <in Maalik (a) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LL?hosoe+e does not lea+e obs(enity and lyin' then Allah (swt) has no need fo
them to lea+e thei food and dinkNN)
$e(oded by At-*abaaani in Al-Mu-am As-Sa'hee (7>4) and Al-Mu-am al-Awsat)
Ibn 5a-a said/ Its naatos ae tustwothy and in (ontast Al-5aithami said/ *hee is
in the (hain of naatos someone who I do not know)
0>) Abu 5uaiah (a) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LLFastin' is a shield) So do not be obs(ene o i'noant) And if someone fi'hts you o
insults you then say/ I am fastin'# two timesaN)
8aated by Al-<ukhaai (0BH7)# Muslim# Abu &aawood# An-8isaai# Ibn Maa-ah and
Ahmad)
0B) Also fom Abu 5uaiah (a) that the 9o"het (saw) said/
LL&o not seek to insult whilst you ae fastin'# and if someone insults you say I am
fastin' and if you wee standin' the sitNN)
$e(oded by An-8asaai (647=) in As-Sunan Al-2ubaa) It has also been e"oted by
Ibn 5ibbaan# Ahmad and Ibn 2hu3aimah and its (hain is Saheeh)
0H) Abu Ubaidah <in Al-Jaaah (a) said/ I head the Messen'e of Allah (saw) say/
LLFastin' is a shield fom what doesnt +iolate it) Abu Muhammad said/ 5e means
with Al-Gheebah (ba(kbitin')NN)
$e(oded by Ad-&aaami (0>66)# An-8isaai and Ahmad) At-*abaaani (7;66)
naated it in Al-Mu-am Al-Awsat fom Abu 5uaiah/ LLFastin' is a shield fom what
does not +iolate it) It was said/ And what +iolates it@ 5e Said/ Lyin' and ba(kbitin'NN)
4D) Anas (a) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LL*he one who kee"s eatin' the flesh of man (ba(kbitin') has not fastedNN)
8aated by Ibn Abi Shaibah (746:4)) Abu &aawood At-*ayaalissi (40D>) e"oted in
"at of a lon' naation/ LaAnd how has he fasted the one that (ontinues to eat the
flesh of his bothe@)))N)
*his last 5adeeth is +ey weak# it was naated by Aa3eed <in Abaan A-$a,aashi who was
(lassified as &aeef by Ibn Sad and Aahya <in Moeen) Shubah said about him that his
s"ee(h was bad) An-8isaai and Al-5aakim Abu Ahmad said/ *he 5adeeth is left:e-e(ted)
Ahmad said the same so the 5adeeth is e-e(ted)
*he fouth 5adeeth (ontains no e+iden(e fo ou issue) It (annot e+en be (ounted to "ohibit
the faste fom insultin' but athe 'uides to how you should beha+e if you ae a +i(tim of an
insult) *he thid hadeeth is simila to the fouth 5adeeth in not elatin' to ou issue whi(h is
about whethe ba(kbitin' and i'noant s"ee(h (auses the fast to be boken o not)
?hat emains with us ae Ahaadeeth 0#4 and ; and if we (ombine 0 and 4# we (an say that
false s"ee(h and a(tin' u"on it# and i'noan(e and a(tin' u"on it# and obs(enities and lyin'
ae all obli'atoy to be left by the one who is fastin') If he does not then Allah (swt) is in no
need fo him:he to lea+e thei food and dink) It is like the two 5adeeth ae one 5adeeth as
they mention what is "ohibited of the "eson whilst fastin' so we wee with these 5adeeth on
this basis and say the followin'/
Meily Allah (swt) has odeed the fastin' "eson to lea+e a numbe of "ohibited a(tions and
built on this is that if he does not lea+e them then Allah (swt) is in no need fo him to lea+e his
food and dink) Said in anothe way/ ?hoe+e does not lea+e these fobidden thin's then
Allah (swt) is no need of him to fast# whee the two 5adeeth efe to the fast by mentionin'
eatin' and dinkin')
*hese 5adeeth theefoe establish that the fastin' is the lea+in' of the food and dink# and
e,uests that the one who lea+es them E i)e) the fastin' "eson E to abandon false s"ee(h
amon'st othe thin's) So whoe+e is fastin' it is obli'atoy fo him to lea+e these fobidden
thin's) *his means that the lea+in' of these fobidden thin's is not fastin' itself and fastin' is
what o((us with the abstainin' fom food and dink) If fastin' has (ommen(ed then it is
e,uied with it to lea+e all of these fobidden a(ts)
?ith this it a""eas that thee is a diffeen(e between lea+in' food and dink on one hand and
lea+in' false s"ee(h et(a on the othe) *he lea+in' of food and dink ae what bin' fastin'
into bein' wheeas the lea+in' of false talk and its like is meely what is fobidden to do whilst
fastin') It theefoe be(omes +ey (lea that false s"ee(h and its like is not the same as
(onsumin' food o dink and on this diffeen(e we "esent the 5ukm that/ *he false talk and
what is simila to it does not beak the fast and in+alidate it and it is sim"ly (efle(ts) a
"ohibition only whi(h a fastin' "eson must lea+e and thee is a (lea diffeen(e between
a(ts that in+alidate the fast and those that ae (meely) fobidden)
*he fifth 5adeeth that says (Fastin' is a shield fo that whi(h does not +iolate:tea it) with the
mention that ba(kbitin' and lyin' ae what +iolate:tea it# all this indi(ates what we ha+e
aleady said) And that is that +iolatin' the shield# does not mean that it is (om"letely tuned
u"side down but athe means that it has been atta(hed to some kind of defi(ien(y o ham in
it) *his means that Al-Gheebah and Al-2adhib (lyin') (ause a defi(ien(y in the fast -ust as
holes and teain' (auses a defi(ien(y and ham to a shield) *his is without it ea(hin' the
"oint of in+alidatin' o (om"letely destoyin' it)
Fom this it a""eas that the (oe(t +iew is that whi(h is attibuted to the ma-oity# whi(h is
that Al-Gheebah and what has be mentioned with it does not beak the fast) And I would add
that Al-Gheebah and what has been mentioned with it takes away some of the ewad of the
fastin' "eson without makin' it (olla"se (om"letely like what Ash-Shaafi has indi(ated) *he
fastin' "eson loses fom the ewad of his fast by the s(ale at whi(h he (ommits sins)
As fo why these hadeeth (ame with the e."ession (*hen Allah is no need of him to lea+e his
food and dink)@ *he answe to this is that what is meant hee# and Allah knows best# is that
this a +ey se+ee "ohibition and ston' wanin' fo the one who "e"etates the sin of Al-
Gheebah and what has been mentioned with it whilst in the state of fastin') *his is an
im"otant "oint that e+ey Muslim should sto" at and undestand)
In elation to this "oint# the Shaa when it odes an a(t of Ibaadah it does so fo the sake of
the 'ainin' of ewad) If a Muslim (ommits an a(t of disobedien(e duin' this Ibaadah then in
this (ase he has ton at the +ey "u"ose of the a(t and had not "aid attention to what its aim
was) In that (ase instead of 'ainin' the ewad he has 'atheed sins and theefoe (an(els
out the eason and "u"ose of the a(t) *heefoe the Shaeeah te.t has (ome wanin' the
Muslim not to 'athe the sin at the time when he should be ha+estin' the ewads so that this
time (an emain one in whi(h only ewads ae 'ained)
>ha*ter Ten
Qiyaa" (/tanding for *rayer) in (a"adhaan and Faylat.ul.Qadr
*he meits of 1iyaam in $amadhaan and Laylat-ul-1ad/
*he fa+ous o meits of 1iyaam in $amadhaan ae mentioned 'eneally in the
9o"heti( Ahaadeeth and the meits of Laylat-ul-1ad ae mentioned s"e(ifi(ally)
Fom them I mention the followin'/
6>) Abu 5uaiah (a) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LL?hoe+e stands (in "aye) in $amadhaan with Imaan and the anti(i"ation
(of ewad) then all of his "ast sins will be fo'i+enNN)
$e(oded by Al-<ukhaai (6>)# Muslim# Abu &aawood# An-8asaai# and At-
*imidhi) *he Laf3h of Muslim (0>BD) and An-8asaai is/ LL*he Messen'e of
Allah (saw) use to en(oua'e the "efoman(e of 1iyaam in $amadhaan
without odein' them to do it as a li'htenin' fo them) So he (saw) said/
?hoe+e stands (in "aye) in $amadhaan with Imaan and the anti(i"ation (of
ewad) then all of his "ast sins will be fo'i+en) *he Messen'e of Allah
(saw) died whilst this was the odeNN) Al-<ukhaai (4DDH) mentioned at the
end/ L)))And the "eo"le wee u"on thatN)
6B) Abu Salamah Ibn Abd-u-$ahman <in Auf fom his fathe Abd-u-$ahman <in
Auf (a) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LLMeily Allah *abaaak wa *aAalaa obli'ed Siyaam (fastin') u"on you and
its 1iyaam has been made Sunnah fo you) ?hoe+e fasts it (i)e)
$amadhaan) and "efoms 1iyaam with Imaan and anti(i"ation (of ewad)
his sins will (ome off him as if it was the day his mothe 'a+e bith to himNN)
8aated by An-8asaai (440D)# Ibn Maa-ah and Ahmad)
6H) Abu 5uaiah (a) said that the 9o"het (saw) said/
LL?hoe+e fasts $amadhaan with Imaan an anti(i"ation (of ewad) then his
"ast sins ha+e been fo'i+en and whoe+e does 1iyaam on Laylat-ul-1ad
with Imaan and anti(i"ation his "ast sins will be fo'i+enNN)
8aated by Al-<ukhaai (4D07)# Muslim# Abu &aawood# An-8asaai# Ad-
&aaami and Ibn 5ibbaan)
7D) Anas <in Maalik (a) said/
LL$amadhaan be'an so the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/ Meily this month
has ai+ed u"on you and in it is a ni'ht that is bette than 0DDD months) *he
one who is de"i+ed of it has been de"i+ed of all Goodness and only the
de"i+ed "eson is de"i+ed of itNN)
8aated by Ibn Maa-ah (0=77)) Also naated by Ahmad and An-8asaai fom
Abu 5uaiah (a))
?hat is mentioned in the fist and se(ond 5adeeth/ (?hoe+e "efoms 1iyaam in
$amadhaan Imaanan and Ihtisaaban (anti(i"ation of ewad) his "ast sins will be
fo'i+en) is an e."lanation of the meit of "efomin' 1iyaam in $amadhaan and is
thee anythin' bette fo a Muslim than his sins bein' fo'i+en@ Meily the son of
Aadam makes mistakes often and if his sins wee a""lied u"on him he would ente
the fie so he is theefoe in the 'eatest need of that whi(h will wi"e out his sins and
lead to his fo'i+eness so that he (an be sa+ed fom the fie and ente Jannah) So
Allah (swt) has bestowed his fa+ou on him with the "efoman(e of 1iyaam in
$amadhaan so that his sins (an be wi"ed and (leansed and that he (an be(ome
fom amon'st the "eo"le of Jannah)
*he statement in the two 5adeeth/ (?hoe+e "efoms 1iyaam in $amadhaan
Imaanan and Ihtisaaban (anti(i"ation of ewad) his "ast sins will be fo'i+en)
in(ludes a esti(tion that the 1iyaam in $amadhaan is "efomed with Imaan and
Ihtisaab and that the ode of 1iyaam has not (ome in a Mutla, (absolute) manne#
so that those who "efom it ae infomed that it is not suffi(ient to stand fo "aye in
the blessed month of $amadhaan alone fo show o so "eo"le may hea of it o that
it is "efomed as an em"loyment and -ob like the situation with many Imaams in ou
"esent time o that it (the Salaah) is "efomed fo the sake of it with the
"efoman(e of Salaah has no (ae in it and the "oint of its end is ea'ely
anti(i"ated) *he abo+e (ate'oies and thee like ae not waitin' fo thei sins to be
fo'i+en and they do not undestand o su""ose that the s"ee(h of the 8oble
9o"het (saw) is a""li(able to them whi(h makes obli'atoy the Imaan and Ihtisaab)
*hat thei Imaan "ushes them to stand in "aye with a desie# tuthfulness and
sin(eity ho"in' to ha+e this on thei side on the day of a((ount# anti(i"atin' and
desiin' its a((e"tan(e fom Allah Al-Ali Al-A3heem) So let those who ae
"efomin' Al-1iyaam "ay heed to this e.temely (iti(al "oint)
In the month of $amadhaan and its ni'ht Allah (swt) has made Laylat-ul-1ad (*he
ni'ht of "owe) "ati(ulaly s"e(ial and the fa(t that it has been sin'led out within this
'eat month and its ni'hts is a 'eat efle(tion of its fa+ou and hi'h meit) In elation
to its fa+ou thee ae many Ahaadeeth that mention it and we ha+e (hosen fom
them two 5adeeths# the thid and fouth (mentioned abo+e) as models o stand"oints
illustatin' the meits of "efomin' 1iyaam in it as well as the 2hai that e.ists in it)
*his is so the Muslims in(ease in it thei "ayes# &ua# Sada,ah et())) and the doos
to 'oodness ae +aious) It is bette than one thousand months and a numbe of
Ayaat ha+e been e+ealed about it/
04) Allah (swt) said/
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5W-M]m (0) <y the manifest <ook (this 1uPWn) that makes thin's (lea# (4)
?e sent it (this 1uPWn) down on a blessed ni'ht in the month of $amadWn
Meily# ?e ae e+e wanin' (6) *heein (that ni'ht) is de(eed e+ey matte of
odainments) (7) As a Fommand (o this 1uPan o the &e(ee of e+ey
matte) fom Us) Meily# ?e ae e+e sendin' (the Messen'es)# (;) (As) a
Me(y fom you Lod) MeilyC 5e is the All-5eae# the All-2nowe) (=)
(Suat-ud-&ukhaan 0-=)
13) Aah (swt) says!

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Meily# ?e ha+e sent it (this 1uPWn) down in the ni'ht of Al-1ad (&e(ee)UV
(0) And what will make you know what the ni'ht of Al-1ad (&e(ee) is@ (4)
*he ni'ht of Al-1ad (&e(ee) is bette than a thousand months (i)e)
woshi""in' AllWh in that ni'ht is bette than woshi""in' 5im a thousand
months# i)e) B6 yeas and 7 months) (6) *heein des(end the an'els and the
$\h UJibil (Gabiel)V by AllWhPs 9emission with all &e(ees# (7) (All that ni'ht)#
thee is 9ea(e (and Goodness fom AllWh to 5is belie+in' sla+es) until the
a""eaan(e of dawn) (;)
("#rat$#$%adr &' 1$()
In the fouth Ayah of Sooah Ad-&ukhaan it is said/(*heein (that ni'ht) is de(eed
e+ey matte of odainments) meanin' that e+ey 'eat affai id de(ided and
established on Laylat-ul-1ad fo the yea that follows it) So it is the ni'ht whee
affais ae de(eed with Allah A33a wa Jalla and thee is no doubt (on(enin' the
lofty standin' and hi'h station of Laylat-ul-1ad)
As fo Sooat-ul-1ad then the meit of this ni'ht stands out (lealy with (om"lete
(laity in e+ey Ayah of it) In the fist Ayah is the e."lanation the 1uan was e+ealed
in this ni'ht# the se(ond Ayah bin's attention to its 'eatness and meits# the thid
Ayah says that it is bette than a thousand months# whee a month (onsists of thity
days meanin' that this ni'ht is bette than thity thousand days) *he fouth Ayah
des(ibes how the An'els (Malaaikah) des(end with Jibeel (as) on this ni'ht with
e+ey odinan(e and de(ee fom Allah (swt) and in the final Ayah is the des(i"tion
that this ni'ht is "ea(e# i)e) "ea(e fom e+il until the dawn of the monin') *he fouth
5adeeth illustates the loss of this 'eatness atta(hed to the ni'ht by sayin' that/
L*hat done de"i+es its 'oodness e.(e"t fo the de"i+ed oneN) % Allah do not
de"i+e us of this ni'ht whilst we ae still ali+e# and "o+ide fo us fom you fa+ou its
'oodness Aa $abbil Aalameen# Ameen)
Ahmad (4;BHB)# An-8asaai# At-*imidhi and Ibn Maa-ah naated fom Aaisha (a)
that she said/ LL% 9o"het of Allah (saw) if I make (onta(t with Laylat-ul-1ad what
should I say@ 5e (saw) said/ Aou say/ Allahumma Innaka Afuwun tuhibbul Afwa
fafu Anni (% Allah you ae the "adone# you lo+e to "adon# so "adon me)NN) At-
*imidhi said/ *his 5adeeth is 5asan Saheeh)
The descri*tions and characteristics of Faylat.ul.Qadr:

*he 8oble Ahaadeeth ha+e "o+ided a numbe of des(i"tions about the 8i'ht of
9owe# fom them is that it is a ni'ht whi(h is "leasant and (lea# not hot o (old) *hat
the sun (omes out in the monin' white without beams and that thee ae no meteo
showes (shootin' stas)# and also that it is ,uiet and (alm) *he followin' ae a
(olle(tion of Ahaadeeth that mention some of its (haa(teisti(s and si'ns/
() Ibn Abbass (a) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LLIt is "leasant and (lea# neithe hot no (old# the sun ises in the monin'
with a weak ed ((olou)NN)
$e(oded by Abu &aawood At-*ayaalissi (4=BD) and Al-<a33aa) Ibn
2hu3aimah (40H4) naated it as/ LA "leasant ni'ht# neithe hot no (old# the
sun in the monin' is a weak edN) 8ote/ *he se(ond 5adeeth indi(ates that
the aabi( des(i"tion in the fist 5adeeth means weak in tems of the ed
(olou of the sky)
d) Ii <in 5ubaish said/ I head Ubay <in 2ab (a) sayin'/
LLaylat-ul-1ad is the twenty se+enth# It is the ni'ht whi(h the Messen'e of
Allah (saw) infomed us about that the sun will ise in a 'ushin' white (olouN)
8aated by Ibn Abi Shaibah (7BH:4)# Muslim# Abu &aawood# Ahmad and Al-
<ayha,i) *he wodin' of Muslim (4>>>) is/
e) Ubaadah bin Saamit (a) e"ots that he asked the 9o"het (saw) about
RLaylatul 1adR) 5e e"lied/ RIt is in $amadhan# duin' the last ten days# on
the une+enly numbeed ni'hts# eithe the 40st 46d# 4;th# 4>th# 4Hth o the
last ni'ht of $amadhan) ?hosoe+e stands in RIbaadahR on this ni'ht# with
sin(ee faith and with 'enuine ho"es of 'ainin' ewad# his "e+ious sins will
be fo'i+en) Amon' the si'ns of this ni'ht is that it is a seene# ,uiet# shinin'
ni'ht# neithe hot# no (old but tem"eate as if a moon is shinin' (lea# and no
meteos ae shot at the RShayateenR on that ni'htO it lasts until the beak of
the dawn) Anothe si'n is that at mon# the Sun ises without any adiant
beams of li'ht# a""eain' athe like the moon in itPs fullness) %n that day#
Allah "ohibits the RShayateenR fom isin' u" with the Sun)R
$e"oted by Ahmad (4607;) and Al-5aithami said that the tansmittes ae
tustwothy)
f) Jaabi Ibn Abdullah (a) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LLI was shown Al-Laylat-ul-1ad and then fo'ot it) It is in the last ten ni'hts
and it is a ni'ht that is (lea and bi'ht neithe hot no (oldNN)
8aated by Ibn 2hu3aimah (40HD))
') Jaabi <in Samuah (a) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LL*he 8i'ht of 9owe falls in the last ten of $amadhaan# I had seen it but
was (aused to fo'et it and it is a ni'ht of ain and wind o he said ain and
windNN)
$e"oted by Al-<a33aa (0D60)) At-*abaaani e(oded it in Al-Mu-am Al-
2abee (0H=4:4) with the same wodin' e.(e"t he added thunde and it was
also naated by Abdullah <in Ahmad <in 5anbal) Al-5aithami said that its
tansmittes ae Saheeh)
*he abo+e e"esent what has been mentioned in the Ahaadeeth that ae suitable fo
use as an e+iden(e in elation to the des(i"tion of Laylat-ul-1ad and ha+e e.(luded
weak naations o statements like/ (8o Shaytaan is sent out in it and no illness
o((us) fom Ibn Abi 5aatim o (*hat the tees fall to the 'ound and then etun to
thei oots and e+eythin' "ostates in it) fom At-*abai o (*hat the salty wate
be(omes "ue in that ni'ht) fom Al-<ayha,i) All of these and othes beside them ae
not Saheeh in addition to the (ontadi(tion they bin' to the eality)
So Laylat-ul-1ad (omes when the tem"eatue is mild in both summe and winte
meanin' that the day befoe it and afte it ae not the same in es"e(t to
modeateness) Also that it is (alm# ,uiet and bi'ht as if the full moon was shinin'
without wind# stoms# fo'# dust (louds o fallin' meteos) It is theefoe a ni'ht whee
the souls (an find "ea(e# (omfot and the dan'es ae (almed as a me(y fom Allah
(swt) to his woshi""es on that noble blessed ni'ht) *his des(i"tion is (onsistent
e.(e"t fo what was mentioned in hadeeth ;/ (A ni'ht of ain and wind) and ins"ite of
Al-5aithami sayin' that its tansmittes ae Saheeh I do not find "ea(e of mind with it
as the Saheeh Ahaadeeth do not (ontadi(t and o""ose ea(h othe nomally) <y
etunin' to the (hain of the 5adeeth whi(h is/ Abdullah e"oted Muhammad <in Abi
Ghaalib told me# Abd-u-$ahmaan <in Shaeek told us my fathe told me it fom
Simaak fom Jaabi <in Samuah) In this (hain In found the followin'/
Fistly/Abd-u-$ahmaan <in Shaeek said about Abu 5aatim/ A weak (tansmitte) of
5adeeth) Ibn 5ibbaan mentioned him in Ath-*hi,aat (*ustwothy tansmittes) and
said that he (ould ha+e made a mistake) Ibn 5a-a mentioned this in *ahdheeb At-
*ahdheeb and nobody has mentioned him and +eified him as tustwothy o said
'ood about him) *his e"ote is theefoe weak)
Se(ondly/ Imam Ahmad said about Simaak E <in 5ab E that/ the 5adeeth is
(onfused) Shabah said he was &aeef) Aaami said/ *hey say that he was in eo
and they diffe in e'ads to his 5adeeth and Ath-*hawi -ud'ed him to (ontain
weakness) Ibn Mubaaak said/ Simaak is &aeef in 5adeeth and Ibn 5ibbaan said in
Ath-*hi,aat/ 5e makes many mistakes) An-8asaai said/ 9eha"s he was "om"ted
and as this is uni,ue in oi'in then it (annot be a "oof) Ibn 5a-a Al-As,ilaani
mentioned all of this in *ahdheeb At-*ahdheeb and in s"ite of Ibn 5a-a mentionin'
fom a numbe less than "aise fo him# thee is no doubt that this naato is not fom
amon'st those who ae Saheeh and I e'ad him as &aeef and the statement of An-
8asaai is suffi(ient/ If it is uni,ue in oi'in then it is not a "oof and hee he was
uni,ue in the e"ot about the attibutes of Laylat-ul-1ad whi(h (ontadi(ted the +alid
e"ots) In (on(lusion this 5adeeth is &aeef so it is e-e(ted and as su(h the
des(i"tion mentioned in it is also e-e(ted)
As fo the des(i"tion of the monin' sun of Laylat-ul-1ad in that it is bi'ht with no
ays and that it is a weak ed and white that i""les) *his is not a des(i"tion of the
ni'ht but athe a si'n that a""eas at the e."iation of the 8i'ht of 9owe)
In elation to this si'n I say/ *he sun at that time shines li'ht ed# the ays ae like
those that ae sus"ended at the time of its settin') It is easy to look at it be(ause its
ays ae weak and do not ham the eyes and thee is no doubt that the weakness of
these ays at that time aise fom the (ondition of the weathe# eithe due to hi'h
humidity# o the s"ead of li'ht (louds o fo' whi(h (o+es most of the ays) Allah
sends these thin's at this time so that the (ondition of the sun is a si'n of Laylat-ul-
1ad as the sun odinaily is (onsistent and does not (han'e meanin' that the
monin' sun of that ni'ht would be like any othe monin' in elation to its natue#
bi'htness and ays but weathe (onditions in that ni'ht (ause the sun to a""ea with
the des(i"tion whi(h has been mentioned) If the sun had a""eaed in the monin' of
Laylat-ul-1ad in othe than its natual way then the Muslims and non-Muslims would
ha+e noti(ed) *his would lead to deteminin' the day in a de(isi+e way whi(h is
a'ainst the eality and a'ainst the many Saheeh Ahaadeeth whi(h obs(ued the
s"e(ifyin' of the ni'ht as we will e."lain in the (omin' se(tion with the hel" of Allah)
As fo what we find in the books of the Soofiyah and as(eti(s and what some of the
Fu,ahaa ha+e said in elation to the meanin's of Laylat-ul-1ad and s"e(ifyin' it and
the +isual si'htin' of the o"enin' of the sky and the (omin' out of it of bi'ht li'hts
that immeses the (eation and othe than that of si'hts and su"enatual affais) All
of these (laims find no su""ot fo them in the Saheeh Ahaadeeth# they ae fom
amon'st the stoies and tales that ae "asses fom as(eti(s and thei like and a
numbe of Fu,ahaa without e+iden(e and if only one Saheeh o 5asan hadeeth
(ould be bou'ht whi(h mentions the o((uen(e of any of these si'hts) Ibaadah in
the Shaa e,uies a te.t and if thee is no (le'al) te.t hee so these ae issues
whi(h ae outside the Shaa and had these si'hts o((ued then they would ha+e
ha""ened at the time of the Sahaabah (ah) and this would ha+e "assed on to the
"eo"le and s"ead and be(ame famous and they ae without doubt bette than those
that (ame afte them but nothin' of this has e+e been e"oted fom them)
?ose than this is that they ha+e maybe elied on this issues fom what they ha+e
seen in thei deams like one of them would say/ I saw in my slee" that the 'ates o
doos of the sky o"enin' and bi'ht shinin' li'hts shone fom it and filled all sides of
(eation o one would say/ I saw the Messen'e (saw) in that ni'ht and he infomed
me that it was Laylat-ul-1ad) *hese "eo"le (onside +isions and deams as
Shaeeah e+iden(es fom whi(h they take Ahkaam (le'al ulin's) so one of them
may say/ *hem Messen'e of Allah (saw) (ame to me in the ni'ht and odeed me to
do this and that and what the Messen'e has odeed has be(ome obli'atoy u"on
me) *hey make e,ual the statements of the 9o"het (saw) whi(h ha+e been naated
in Saheeh Ahaadeeth and what they say they ha+e head fom him in thei deams)
*hey (onside both these statements to be Shai as if the Shaa has an endless
numbe of sou(es fo it that do not un out o end) *hese ae without doubt nets o
ta"s fom Shaytaan and Allah (swt) says/
()))( -*!L -* [. ,"
()))*oday I ha+e "efe(ted:(om"leted you &een)))) (Al-Maaidah Ayah/ 6)
5owe+e they i'noe this and +iew that the &een (an (ontinue to be added to by
these Ahaadeeth that they hea in thei deams as if the &een fo them has not yet
been (om"leted and this is without doubt is 2uf without any bluiness)
Aes it is tue that the si'htin' of the Messen'e of Allah (saw) whilst deamin' is the
tuth as has been mentioned in the Ahaadeeth howe+e this si'htin' is based on the
(ondition that he is seen (saw) in his nomal (ondition and des(i"tion without
(han'e in that) And who fom amon'st these "eo"le has stood by his (ondition and
des(i"tions all of them so that he (an be absolutely sue that the "eson who he saw
was eally the Messen'e of Allah (saw)@ !+en if we wee to su""ose that we wee
able to obtain the knowled'e of the (ondition and des(i"tions and that these wee
found in the "eson that was seen in the deam# then (it still must be known that) the
s"ee(h of the Messen'e (saw) in the deam is not fom the Shaa and his
statements in it ae not fom the Shaeeah e+iden(es) *hey ae not obli'atoy to be
obeyed o im"lemented and they ae not (onsideed of that whi(h 'i+es (omfot to
the soul o efines it) *hey ae si'ns of 'oodness s"e(ifi( to the one who saw and
Allah (swt) says/
g g ! " #$ % #&' (')* ) +, - . / 01'2
0(' | 3'4 ) +5 #' $' / 6 7' f 89 :* f (;< 89 : " = >
;7 ? @A % f d > B &' C' #' D E ) +F )
LoC +eily the fiends of Allah ae (those) on whom fea ((ometh) not# no do they
'ie+e@ (=4) *hose who belie+e and kee" thei duty (to Allah)) (=6) *heis ae 'ood
tidin's in the life of the wold and in the 5eeafte - *hee is no (han'in' the ?ods
of Allah - that is the Su"eme *ium"h) (=7)
(Suah Aounus Ayaat/ =4-=7)
*he <ushaa (Good tidin's) hee is the $uyah Saalihah (tue +ision) whi(h the
belie+e sees o shown to him as is mentioned in the 9o"heti( Ahaadeeth)
3hen is Faylat.ul.Qadr0
Ibn 5a-a said the followin' in Al-Fath-ul-<aai/ U*he Ulamaa ha+e diffeed 'eatly in
es"e(t to Laylat-ul-1ad and as a esult we ha+e fom the Madhaahib moe than
foty statements simila to what o((ued in es"e(t to the time of Jumah and both
shae in bein' had to attain and e,uies seiousness in obtainin' themV) 5e
mentions foty-si. +iews and I will now mentioned those whi(h ha+e stood out and
most well known and I in+ite whosoe+e wishes to take a look at all of them to find
this in the famous book Al-Fath-ul-<aai (of Ibn 5a-a Al-As,ilaani))
*he fouth +iew/ *hat it is "ossible in the entie yea and this o"inion is famous
amon'st the 5anafiyyah)))
The fifth vie#/ It is s"e(ifi( to $amadhaan and (an o((u in any of its ni'hts) *his is
the o"inion of Ibn Uma (a) whi(h has been naated by Ibn Abi Shaibah with a
Saheeh (hain))) and also in Ash-Shah Al-5idaayah Al-Ja3m <ihi fom Abu
5aneefah) Ibn ul-Mundhi# Al-Mahaamali and some of the Shaafieen also +iewed this
and As-Sabaki outwei'hed this o"inion to be tue in his Shah Al-Minhaa- and Ibn ul-
5aa-ib told it in a naation) As-Suoo-i said in Shah Al-5idaayah/ Abu 5aneefah said
that it "asses thou'h the whole of $amadhaan and his two (om"anions (students
Abu Aousuf# Shaibaani) that it is in a s"e(ifi( ni'ht whi(h is obs(ue and An-8asafi
said simila to this)
The tenth vie#/ *hat it is the twenty-se+enth ni'ht of $amadhaan) Ibn Abi Shaibah
and At-*abaaani e(oded a 5adeeth fom Iaid <in A,am who said/ LI do not
doubt that it is the twenty-se+enth ni'ht of $amadhaan# the ni'ht the 1uaan was
e+ealed (des(ended)N) Abu &aawood also e.ta(ted this fom Ibn Masood (a))
The eleventh vie#/ It is un(lea fallin' in the middle ten days of $amadhaan as told
by An-8awawi and attibuted by At-*abaaani to Uthmaan <in Abi Al-Aas and Al-
5asan Al-<asi) It was also the +iew of some of the followes of Ash-Shaafi)
The thirteenth vie#/ It (Laylat-ul-1ad) falls on the nineteenth whi(h Abd-u-
$a33aa, attibuted to Ali and At-*abaaani attibuted this +iew to Aa3eed <in
*haabit and Ibn Masood and it ea(hed At-*ahaawi fom Ibn Masood)
The fourteenth vie#/ *hat it is the fist ni'ht fom the last ten# Ash-Shaafi in(lined
towads this +iew and a 'ou" of his followes bound themsel+es to it howe+e As-
Sabaki said/ It is not de(isi+e fo them)
The fifteenth vie#/ Simila to the "e+ious +iew e.(e"t that if the month is (om"lete
and then it would fall on the twentieth ni'ht and if it was shot by a day then it would
be the twenty-fist ni'ht) It is like this fo the whole month and this is the +iew of Ibn
5a3m)))
The seventeenth vie#/ *hat it is the twenty-thid ni'ht) Muslim naated fom
Abdullah Ibn Unais in a Mafoo hadeeth/ LI was shown Laylat-ul-1ad and then
(aused to fo'et( so he mentioned like what was in the 5adeeth of Abi Saed) and
then said /*he twenty-thid ni'ht instead of the twenty-fist))) UIbn 5a-a mentioned
naations with this fom Muaawiyah# Ibn Uma# Ibn Abbaas# Saeed <in Al-
Musayyib# Aaisha and Makhool (ah))
The eighteenth vie#/ *hat its the twenty-fouth ni'ht))) UIbn 5a-a indi(ated a
5adeeth attibuted to Ibn Abbaas in this se(tion and mentioned the 5adeeth of Abi
Saeed and that has been naated fom Ibn Masood# Ash-Shabi# 5asan and
1ataadah) Ibn 5a-a mentions a naation of Ahmad fom <ilaal (a)/ *hey sou'ht
Laylat-ul-1ad on the twenty-fouth ni'htV)
The t#enty.first vie#/ *hat it is the twenty-se+enth ni'ht and this is the +iew of the
Madhhab of Ahmad and e"oted fom Abu 5aneefah and Ubay <in 2aabwho bound
himself to it as e.ta(ted by Muslim) Muslim also naated on the authoity of Abu
5aa3im fom Abu 5uaiah (a) who said/ L?e wee mentionin' between ousel+es
about Laylat-ul-1ad so the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/ LL?hi(h of you
emembes the time the Moon ose like a s"lit bowl@N) Abu-l-5asan Al-Faasi said/
?hi(h ni'ht is the twenty-se+enth# be(ause the moon ises in it with this des(i"tion)
At-*abaaani naated fom Ibn Masood (a)/ LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) was
asked about Laylat-ul-1ad so he said/ ?hish of you emembes the ni'ht of As-
Sahbaawaat@ I said/ I do# it was the twenty-se+enth ni'htNN) Ibn Abi Shaibah
naated this fom Uma# 5udhaifaha and a 'ou" of the Sahaabah (ah)) In the
(ha"te elated to Ibn Uma (a) Muslim e(oded/ A man saw Laylat-ul-1ad on the
twenty-se+enth ni'ht) And Ahmad has a 5adeeth whi(h is Mafoo whi(h states/ *he
ni'ht of "owe is the twenty-se+enth ni'ht) Ibn ul-Mundhi said/ ?hoe+e was
seekin' it then he should seek it on the twenty-se+enth ni'ht) Simila to this (ame
fom Jaabi <in Sumaah e(oded by At-*abaaani in Al-Awsat) Also fom
Muaawiyah e(oded by Abu &aawood as well as the autho of Al-5ilyah fom the
Shaafiiyyah sayin' that this was the o"inion of the ma-oity of Ulamaa)
The t#enty.fifth vie#/ It is in the odd ni'hts of the last ten# this is based on the
hadeeth of Aaisha (a) and othe than he in this se(tion and this is the most likely
(o ston'est) of o"inions and Abu *haw# Al-Mu33ani# Ibn 2hu3aomah and many of
the Ulamaa fom the Madhaahib)
The t#enty.seventh vie#/ It in(ludes all of the last ten days) *his is the +iew of Abu
1ulaabah and has been stated by Maalik# Ath-*hawi# Ahmad and Isha,) Al-Mawadi
(laimed that this +iew had been a'eed u"on as is he took this fom the 5adeeth of
Ibn Abbaas that the Sahaabah a'eed that it fell in the last ten ni'hts and then
disa'eed in s"e(ifyin' whi(h day fom amon'st the ten))) UIbn 5a-a mentioned othe
Ahaadeeth whi(h su""ot this +iewV)
The t#enty.eighth vie#/ Imaam Ash-Shaafi said/ (A-aahu)I ha+e found the
ston'est the twenty-fist ni'ht)
Afte Ibn 5a-a mentioned all of these +iews (foty-si. in total) he emaked/ U)))And
the most likely:(oe(t of all of them (the o"inions) is that it falls in the odd (ni'hts) of
the last ten) *his +iew is what has been undestood by the ahaadeeth in this sub-e(t
aea (<aab)# and the most (oe(t is the odd ni'hts of the last ten# and fom these the
twenty-fist fo Imaam Ash-Shaafi and the twenty-se+enth fo the ma-oity (of
Ulamaa)# and I ha+e aleady "esented the e+iden(es fo these +iews)))V)
*he tuth is that this is a ti(ky issue# due to the (ontadi(tin' and (lashin' of te.ts
elated to it) !+ey 'ou" has taken a te.t o te.ts and e.ta(ted fom them an
o"inion and was not able to e(on(ile between all of the e+iden(es o e."lain the
eo in any othe dedu(tions o o"inions)
?hat I want to lay down hee is that most of the diffeen(es whi(h o((u between the
Madhaahib and Ulamaa ae a esult of weak Ahaadeeth in the main "at and due to
the holdin' on to one s"e(ifi( te.t o two and ne'le(tin' those that emain) 5ad the
fu,ahaa abandoned the weak Ahaadeeth and looked at the te.ts whi(h ae +alid and
suitable fo Istidlaal (seekin' an o"inion fom an e+iden(e) with an im"atial and
e,ual +iew as well as not sti(kin' to -ust one o two te.ts to e.ta(t the ulin' then the
diffeen(es between them would ha+e 'one away and been edu(ed to a le+el (lose
to 3eo)
Said in anothe way/ Most of the diffeen(es:dis"utes between the Fu,ahaa and
Aimmah (Imaams) eithe o((ued as a esult of usin' weak Ahaadeeth (and these
ae often +ey (ontadi(toy to one anothe) o due to not e.tendin' suffi(ient effot to
e(on(ile the Ahaadeeth As-Saheehah and limitin' themsel+es to one o two
e+iden(e whi(h a Fa,eeh thou'ht suffi(ient to e.ta(t a 5ukm fom) 5e saw that a
numbe of othe Saheeh te.ts (ould be set aside)
In this book -ust as in the "e+ious book (Al-Jaami LiAhkaam-is-Salaah) I delibeately
abandoned all weak Ahaadeeth meanin' those whi(h had been a'eed u"on by the
Muhaddithoon to be &aeef) As fo those in whi(h they dis"uted then I would a((e"t
them o e-e(t them based on the a'eement o disa'eement with the meanin's
(ontained in the Ahaadeeth whi(h ae +alid e+iden(es) I also bound myself to
a((e"tin' the Saheeh and 5asan Ahaadeeth and "la(in' them to'ethe fo use and
if I found a (lea (ontadi(tion between them then I bound myself to e.etin' the
utmost effot to wok with all the e+iden(es (without e-e(tin' any) with the use of
*aweel (inte"etation) if ne(essay as this is bette than ne'le(tin' o abandonin'
any of them) 8ow I will etun to ou sub-e(t and will dis(uss the s"e(ifi(ation of
Laylat-ul-1ad and the diffeen(es whi(h o((ued between the Fu,ahaa and
Aimmah in it/
Fistly/ Many o"inions fom the Fu,ahaa ae based on e+iden(es that do not ha+e a
Sanad (su""otin' (hain)) *hey ha+e been elied on des"ite the Saheeh e+iden(es
that deal with this issue bein' in abundant su""ly) Fom amon'st these is the fouth
o"inion mentioned abo+e/ that it is "ossible to fall in the entie yea althou'h they do
not ha+e a sin'le Shaiah e+iden(e whi(h su""ots this +iew) $athe they used a
statement of Ibn Masood whi(h says/ L?hoe+e stands the whole yea in "aye will
hit Laylat-ul-1adN) 8aated by Muslim fom Ii <in 5ubaish) *hey elied on this and
left tens of Saheeh and 5asan 9o"heti( Ahaadeeth) I do not think that they wee
i'noant of the fa(t that the statements of the Sahaabah ae not Shaeeah e+iden(es
and ae only I-tihadaat of the Sahaabah unless they all a'ee u"on one ulin' in
whi(h (ase it be(omes an I-maa Sahaabah whi(h is a Shaeeah e+iden(e)
Anothe of these ty"e of o"inions is the tenth +iew whee those who ha+e u"held it
ha+e used as e+iden(e what was e"oted by Ibn Abi Shaibah and At-*abaaani fom
the statement of Iaid <in A,am whilst ne'le(tin' and "uttin' aside the Saheeh and
5asan Ahaadeeth) May Allah fo'i+e them and in addition to this 5adeeth of Iaid <in
A,am bein' fom a naation of Al-5oot Al-2hi3aai of whom Al-<ukhaai said/ 5is
5adeeth ae e-e(ted and Al-5oot is &aeef amon'st the Muhadditheen)
*he ele+enth o"inion is also of this ty"e and elies u"on the statement of Abi Al-Aas
and 5asan Al-<asi as if thei statements ae le'al e+iden(es) *hey did not -ust follow
the statements of the Sahaabah and *aabioon whi(h do not (ount as Shaeeah
te.ts# whi(h is weakness in itself# but athe and may Allah fo'i+e and "adon them
went a'ainst the (oe(tly "a+ed method E the method of the Saheeah te.ts E and
they tod a had# u''ed and diffi(ult "ath) 5ad I mentioned all foty-si. o"inions you
would ha+e found astonishment in them and how they wee dedu(ed)
Se(ondly/ Anothe of the issues whi(h (aused diffeen(es amon' the Fu,ahaa was
(aelessness sometimes of not "uttin' the 2haass (s"e(ifi() in font of the Aam
('eneal) and the Mu,ayyid (esti(ted) in font of the Mutla, (unesti(ted))
Sometimes you will find them sti(kin' to a 'eneal te.t des"ite the e.isten(e of a te.t
that is 2haass and s"e(ifies it) Fo e.am"le the fifth +iew/ It s"e(ifies that all ni'hts of
$amadhaan ae "ossible fo Laylat-ul-1ad to o((u elyin' on the statement of Ibn
Uma whi(h was e"oted by Ibn Abi Shaibah whi(h is a 'eneal statement) *his is
e+en if we su""ose that the statement of Ibn Uma is a Shaeeah e+iden(e whi(h it
is not and this +iew i'noes the many te.ts that esti(t Laylat-ul-1ad to the last ten
ni'hts of $amadhaan)
*he twenty-se+enth o"inion is simila whee is states that it o((us in the last ten
ni'hts all of them) 8oti(e hee the wodin' all of them) *hey ha+e elied hee on the
statement of Ibn Abbaas that the Sahaabah had a'eed that it was in the last ten
ni'hts) *his statement is also Aam ('eneal) althou'h the te.ts had esti(ted it to
the odd ni'hts of the last ten and theefoe thee is no meanin' to the wodin' all of
them in li'ht of this)
*hidly/ Anothe issue that (aused many diffeen(es amon'st the Fu,ahaa was the
manne in whi(h they inte"eted the wodin' of the te.ts and sometimes by 'i+in'
meanin's that ae not "esent des"ite the "esen(e of many te.ts whi(h (ontained
(lea meanin's (in the Mantoo,) whi(h e,uied no futhe inte"etation o need fo
it) *his is simila to the twenty-fist +iew/ *hat it is the twenty-se+enth ni'ht only
elyin' on what was e"oted by Muslim (4>>H) fom Abu 5uaiah (a)/ L?e wee
mentionin' about Laylat-ul-1ad whilst in the (om"any of the Messen'e of Allah
(saw) and he said/ ?hi(h of you emembes when the moon ose and it was like a
s"lit bowl@N i)e) like half a bowl) *hey then went to the e."lanation of Abu Al-5asan
Al-Faaisy fo this te.t so he said/ It means the twenty-se+enth ni'ht be(ause the
moon (ame out with this des(i"tion) It is as if none e.(e"t him knew this
des(i"tion@C And I do not know what they say in elation to the 5adeeth e(oded by
Al-Imaam Ahmad (46;0>) fom Abu Isha, that he head Abu 5udhaifah talkin' about
a man fom amon'st the (om"anions of the 9o"het (saw) who head fom the
9o"het (saw)/ (I looked at the moon in the monin' of Laylat-ul-1ad and I saw it as
if it was a s"lit bowl) Abu Isha, said/ *he moon was like this on monin' of the
twenty-thid ni'ht)) So in li'ht of the abo+e two e."lanations whi(h one should we
take the *afsee of Abu Al-5asan Al-Faaisy o that of Abu Isha,@
Fouthly/ May the eade "adon me if I ha+e taken a lon' time in this issue# but this
issue in whi(h thee has o((ued a wide diffeen(e amon'st the Fu,ahaa dese+es
time 'i+en to it# indeed it dese+es a whole book to be witten (on(enin' it) *his is
fo the one who finds inteest and im"otan(e diminishin' the diffeen(es between
the Madhaahib and Fu,ahaa) So I (ontinue and say the followin'/
Fom amon'st the easons fo why the Madhaahib and Ulamaa had +ast diffeen(es
in addition to what has "e(eded is due to the (ombinin' of statements whi(h a""ea
to them to be (ontadi(toy on what le+el in tems of dedu(tion without outwei'hin'
between them) An e.am"le of this is the twenty-se+enth o"inion/ *hat the ni'ht of
"owe mo+es within the last ten ni'hts# so it (omes one yea on the twenty-thid#
anothe on the twenty-fifth and (omes on a thid yea on the twenty-se+enth) *hey
ha+e established this by (ombinin' all the te.ts on one le+el without outwei'hin'
them) *hey say that the 8i'ht of 9owe mo+es des"ite the te.ts absolutely not
mentionin' that it mo+es o tansfes but athe mentioned that ea(h one of these
ni'hts is Laylat-ul-1ad in itself)
Fifthly/ *he outwei'hin' of one e+iden(e o+e the othe# whi(h ae e,ual in
(oe(tness (Saheeh) without e."lainin' the easons fo this outwei'hin') *his
o"ened a wide aea fo diffeen(es to o((u between them in the (ase whee
outwei'hin' was not sti"ulated o (onditions "la(ed fo e."lainin' the easons) !+ey
Fa,eeh was able to 'o towads a te.t fom amon'st the te.ts and outwei'hed it o+e
the othes and elied on it alone fo dedu(tion) *his o"ened a wide doo fo takin' all
of the te.ts des"ite thei 'eat numbe and (ontadi(tions between them so the
o"inions of the Fu,ahaa be(ame many and (ontadi(toy to an e,ual numbe as
thee wee o"inions) An e.am"le of this is the thiteenth o"inion that stated that it
was the nineteenth whi(h was outwei'hed by those who "o"osed it without any
e."lanation of the easons fo this) *he fouteenth o"inion and ei'hteenth ae also
e.am"les of this# the outwei'hin' in these has o((ued without e."lainin' the
easons so that othes ae not "e+ented fom efutin' them and (omin' u" with thei
own outwei'hed (on(lusions and o"inions)
So that we (an ai+e at the tuth and (oe(t +iew in this issue then it is ne(essay to
e.amine the e+iden(es that ae elated to it althou'h thee ae many and
(ontadi(toy/
A E Folle(tion of Abu Saeed Al-2hudi/
40) Abu Saeed Al-2hudi (a) said/
LL%n(e we wee in Itikaf with AllahPs A"ostle in the middle ten days of
($amadhaan) and we (ame out of it in the monin' of the twentieth# and
AllahPs Messen'e - deli+eed a semon on the 4Dth (of $amadan) and said# PI
was infomed (of the date) of the 8i'ht of 1ad but had fo'otten it) So# look
fo it in the odd ni'hts of the last ten ni'hts of the month of $amadhaan) I saw
myself "ostatin' in mud and wate on that ni'ht (as a si'n of the 8i'ht of
1ad)) So# whoe+e had been in Itikaf with AllahPs A"ostle should etun fo it)P
*he "eo"le etuned to the mos,ue (fo Itikaf)) *hee was no ta(e of (louds
in the sky) <ut all of a sudden a (loud (ame and it ained) *hen the "aye
was established (they stood fo the "aye) and AllahPs A"ostle "ostated in
mud and wate and I saw mud o+e the foehead and the nose of the
9o"hetNN)
8aated by Al-<ukhaai (4D0=)# (4D0B)# (4D6=)# (4D7D) and Muslim (4>=H)#
(4>>4))
44) Abu Saeed Al-2hudi (a) said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) used to "a(ti(e Itikaf in the middle ten days
of $amadan and on(e he stayed in Itikaf till the ni'ht of the twenty-fist and it
was the ni'ht in the monin' of whi(h he used to (ome out of his Itikaf) *he
9o"het said# R?hoe+e was in Itikaf with me should stay in Itikaf fo the last
ten days# fo I was infomed (of the date) of the 8i'ht (of 1ad) but I ha+e
been (aused to fo'et it) (In the deam) I saw myself "ostatin' in mud and
wate in the monin' of that ni'ht) So# look fo it in the last ten ni'hts and in
the odd ones of them)R It ained that ni'ht and the oof of the mos,ue dibbled
as it was made of leaf stalks of date-"alms) I saw with my own eyes the mak
of mud and wate on the foehead of the 9o"het (i)e) in the monin' of the
twenty-fist)NN)
8aated by Al-<ukhaai (4D4>)# Muslim# Maalik# Abu &aawud and Al-
<ayha,i)
46) Abu Saeed Al-2hudi (a) said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) obse+ed iPtikaf in the middle ten days of
$amadan to seek Lailat-ul-1ad befoe it was made manifest to him) ?hen
(these ni'hts) wee o+e# he (ommanded to stike the tent) *hen it was made
manifest to him that (Lailat-ul-1ad) was in the last ten ni'hts (of
$amadhaan)# and (ommanded to "it(h the tent (a'ain)) 5e then (ame to the
"eo"le and said/ % "eo"le# Lailat-ul-1ad was made manifest to me and I
(ame out to infom you about it that two "esons (ame ,uaellin' with ea(h
othe and thee was a de+il alon' with them and I fo'ot it) So seek it in the
last ten ni'hts of $amadan) Seek it on the ninth# on the se+enth and on the
fifth)))NN)
8aated by Muslim (4>>7)) Abu Saeed e."lained that the ninth was the
twenty-fist ni'ht# the se+enth was the twenty-thid ni'ht and the fifth efeed
to the twenty-fifth ni'ht)
47) Abu Saeed Al-2hudi (a) said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) obse+ed iPtikaf ((onfined himself fo
de+otion and "aye) in the fist ten (days) of $amadanO he then obse+ed
iPtikaf in the middle ten (days)))) he (the 5oly 9o"het (saw)) said/ I obse+ed
iPtikaf in the fist ten (ni'hts and days) in ode to seek that ni'ht (Lailat-ul-
1ad)) I then obse+ed iPtikaf in the middle ten days) *hen (?ahy) was sent to
me and I was told that this (ni'ht) is amon' the last ten (ni'hts)) 5e who
amon' you likes to obse+e iPtikaf should do soO and the "eo"le obse+ed it
alon' with him# and he (the 5oly 9o"het) said/ *hat (Lailat-ul-1ad) was
shown to me on an odd (ni'ht))))NN)
8aated by Muslim (4>>0))
< E Folle(tion of Abdullah Ibn Uma (a)/
4>) Abdullah Ibn Uma (a) said/
LLSome men amon'st the (om"anions of the 9o"het (saw) wee shown in
thei deams that the ni'ht of 1ad was in the last se+en ni'hts of $amadan)
AllahPs A"ostle said# RIt seems that all you deams a'ee that (the 8i'ht of
1ad) is in the last se+en ni'hts# and whoe+e wants to sea(h fo it (i)e) the
8i'ht of 1ad) should sea(h in the last se+en (ni'hts of $amadan))R
8aated by Al-<ukhaai (4D0;)# Muslim# Ahmad# Ad-&aaami and Ibn
5ibbaan)
4B) Abdullah Ibn Uma (a) said/
LLSea(h fo Laylat-ul-1ad in the last se+en (ni'hts)NN)
8aated by Muslim (4>=4)# Maalik# Ahmad# Ibn 5ibbaan# Al-<ayha,i and Ad-
&aaami)
4H) Abdullah Ibn Uma (a) said/
LLA Man saw (in his deams) that Laylat-ul-1ad was on the twenty-se+enth
ni'ht so the 9o"het (saw) said/ I see you +ision falls in the last ten so seek it
in the odd ni'hts fom themNN)
8aated by Muslim (4>=6)
6D) Abdullah Ibn Uma (a) said/
LLSea(h fo it in the last ten E meanin' Laylat-ul-1ad E and if one of you
be(omes weak then dont let this o+e(ome him in the emainin' (last)
se+enNN)
8aated by Muslim (4>=;)# Ibn 2hu3aimah# Ibn 5ibbaan and Al-<ayha,i)
Imaam Ahmad <in 5anbal (0000) fom Ali (a) e(oded the wodin'/ LLSeek
Laylat-ul-1ad in the last ten (ni'hts) of $amadhaan) If you be(ome
o+e(ome (tied# weak) then dont let this ha""en in the last:emainin'
se+enNN)
60) Abdullah Ibn Uma (a) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LL?hoe+e has been lookin' (fo it) then he should look on the twenty-
se+enth ni'ht) 5e said/ Look fo it on the twenty-se+enth ni'ht means Laylat-
ul-1adNN)
8aated by Ahmad (7BDB))
F - Folle(tion of Abdullah Ibn Abbaas (a)/
-) Abdullah Ibn Abbaas (a) said that the 9o"het (saw) said/
LLLook fo the 8i'ht of 1ad in the last ten ni'hts of $amadhaan #P on the
ni'ht when nine o se+en o fi+e ni'hts emain out of the last ten ni'hts of
$amadan (i)e) 40# 46# 4;# es"e(ti+ely)NN)
8aated by Al-<ukhaai (4D40)# Abu &aawood# Ahmad and Al-<ayha,i) Al-
<a33aa (0D4H) naated it fom Anas (a)) Abu &aawood At-*ayaalissy(BB0)#
Ahmad and At-*imidhi naated it with a diffeent wodin' fom Abu <akah/
L)))with nine emainin' o se+en emainin'# o fi+e emainin' o thee
emainin' o the last emainin' ni'htN) Just as Abu &aawood At-*ayaalissy
(40==) naated fom Saeed Al-2hudi (a)/ LLook fo it with se+en emainin'
o fi+e emainin' o thee emainin'N)
k) Abdullah Ibn Abbaas (a) said/
LLI had been slee"in' when it was said to me that it was Laylat-ul-1ad) 5e
said/ I 'ot u" and I was dowsy and I was atta(hed to the beadth of the tent
of the Messen'e of Allah (saw)) 5e said/ 5e was "ayin' so I found out that
this ni'ht was the twenty-thidNN)
8aated by Ahmad (4;7>)# At-*abaaani in Al-Mu-am Al-2abee and Ibn Abi
Shaibah)
l) Abdullah Ibn Abbaas (a) said/
LLA man (ame to the 9o"het (saw) and said/ % 9o"het of Allah# I am an old
si(k man and standin' in 1iyaam is had fo me so ode me with a ni'ht so
that Allah will e(on(ile it with me# Laylat-ul-1ad) So he (saw) said/ Aou
should fo(us on the se+enthNN)
8aated by Ahmad (407H) and Al-<ayha,i)
& E *he Folle(tion of Ii <in 5ubaish fom Abi <in 2ab (a)/
64) Ii <in 5ubaish said/
LLIi (b) 5ubaish) e"oted/ I head fom Ubayy b) 2aPb a statement made by
PAbdullah b) MasPud in whi(h he said/ 5e who 'ets u" fo "aye (e+ey ni'ht)
duin' the yea will hit u"on Lailat-ul-1ad) Ubayy said/ <y Allah I thee is no
'od but 5e# that (Lailat-ul-1ad) is in $amadhan (5e swoe without
ese+ation/ ) <y Allah# I know the ni'htO it is the ni'ht on whi(h the
Messen'e of Allah (may "ea(e be u"on him) (ommanded us to "ay) It is
that whi(h "e(edes the monin' of twenty-se+enty and its indi(ation is that
the sun ises bi'ht on that day without aysNN)
8aated by Muslim (4>>>) and Ahmad) In anothe +esion fom Muslim
(4>>B) it states/ LUbayy b 2aPb e"oted/ <y Allah# I know about Lailat-ul 1ad
and I know it fully well that it is the twenty-se+enth ni'ht (duin' $amadan) on
whi(h the Messen'e of Allah (may "ea(e be u"on him) (ommanded us to
obse+e "ayeN) *his was also naated by Ibn 2hu3aimah# Ibn 5ibbaan# Al-
<ayha,i with diffeen(es in the e."essions)
66) Ii <in 5ubaish said that I head Ubayy <in 2ab (a) sayin'/
LL*he twenty-se+enth ni'ht is the ni'ht that the Messen'e of Allah (saw)
infomed us of/ *hat the sun ises white i""lin'NN)
$e(oded by Ahmad (40;0D) and Ibn Abi Shaibah)
67) Fom Ii fom Abi Ubayy <in 2ab (a) that he said/
LL*he (om"anions of *he Messen'e (saw) wee mentionin' and dis(ussin'
amon'st ousel+es about Laylat-ul-1ad so Ubayy said/ I and by the one who
thee is no God beside# I know whi(h ni'ht it is) It is the ni'ht whi(h the
Messen'e of Allah (saw) infomed us of# the twenty-se+enth ni'ht that has
"assed fom $amadhaan and the si'n fo that is that the sun that ises the
ne.t monin' fom that ni'ht i""les and does not ha+e ays) Salamah <in
2uhail (laimed that Ii infomed him that he had obse+ed fo thee yeas
fom the fist to last day of $amadhaan and he saw that followin' the twenty-
se+enth ni'ht the sun ose i""lin' without aysNN)
8aated by Ahmad (40;DH)# Abu &aawood and Al-<ayha,i)
6;) Ii said/ If it wasnt fo the foolish I would ha+e "la(ed my hands to my eas
and (alled out/ Laylat-ul-1ad is the twenty-se+enth ni'ht) *his is news fo the
one who did not lie to me fom someone who did not lie about it# meanin'
Ubayy <in 2ab fom the 9o"het (saw)NN)
8aated by Ibn 2hu3aimah (40B>)) *his has been elated with the same
meanin' fom Ahmad <in 5anbal# Ibn 5ibbaan and &aawud At-*ayaalissy)
! E Folle(tion fom Abu &ha (a)/
o) Abu &ha (a) said/
LLI said/ % Messen'e of Allah# tell me about Laylat-ul-1ad) Is it in
$amadhaan o othe than it@ 5e e"lied/ It is indeed in $amadhaan) I said/ %
Messen'e of Allah# &oes it emain as lon' as the 9o"hets ae "esent and
when they "ass away it is taken with them o does it emain until the day of
-ud'ement@ 5e answeed/ Indeed it is until the day of Jud'ement) I asked/ %
Messen'e of Allah# whi(h "at of $amadhaan does it fall@ 5e $e"lied/ Look
fo it in the fist and last ten ni'hts) *hen the Messen'e of Allah (saw) was
talkin' (on anothe to"i() and then I took a (han(e and asked/ % Messen'e
of Allah (saw)# whi(h "at fom these twenty (ni'hts)@ 5e e"lied/ Look fo it in
the last ten and do not ask me about this a'ain afte this) *hen the
Messen'e of Allah (saw) was talkin' until I sensed anothe o""otunity (to
ask) so I asked/ % Messen'e of Allah# I took an oath that you would tell me E
o when you ha+e told me - in whi(h "at of the last ten is it@ *hen he
be(ame an'y with me with moe an'e than I had seen a'ainst befoe o
afte and said/ If Allah had willed he would ha+e infomed you of its timin')
Sea(h fo it in the last se+en ni'htsNN)
8aated by Al-5aakim (76>:0) and Adh-&hahabi (on(ued with it and
+eified it as Saheeh) Ahmad# An-8asaai and Al-<a33aa also naated it)
") Abu &ha (a) said/
LL?e wee fastin' with the Messen'e of Allah (saw) in $amadhaan and he
did not make 1iyaam with us in any of the month until thee emained se+en)
5e then made 1iyaam with us until a thid of the ni'ht had "assed and then
on the fouth ni'ht he did not "efom it with us and then "efomed it with us
in the followin' ni'ht until half of the ni'ht had "assed a""o.imately) 5e said/
So we said/ % Messen'e of Allah# what if we made 8aafilah (1iyaam) fo the
emainde of the ni'ht@ 5e e"lied/ A man if he stands in "aye with the
Imaam until he lea+es then it (ounts fo the emainde of the ni'ht) 5e then
did not stand with us in "aye on the si.th and then stood with us on the
se+enth) 5e (saw) said/ 5e (alled fo his family and 'atheed the "eo"le and
we stood in "aye until we feaed that we would miss (al-Falah) SuhooNN)
8aated by Ahmad (40>>B))
,) Abu &ha (a) said/
LL?e stood in "aye with the Messen'e of Allah (saw) on the twenty-thid
ni'ht of $amadhaan fo a thid of the ni'ht in its fist "at and he said/ I do not
think that what you ae sea(hin' fo (Laylat-ul-1ad) is behind you (i)e) has
"assed)) ?e then "ayed fo half of the twenty-fifth ni'ht and he said/ I do not
think that what you ae sea(hin' fo is behind you) ?e then stood in "aye
on the twenty-se+enth until the monin' and then he was silentNN)
8aated by Imaam Ahmad (40BHH) with a Jayyid Sanad ((hain))
F E *he (olle(tion of Ubaadah <in As-Saamit (a)/
4H) Ubaadah <in Saamit (a) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LL Laylat-ul-1ad is in the emainin' (last) ten# whoe+e "efoms 1iyaam in it
seekin' its ewad then Allah *abaaaka wa *aAlaa will fo'i+e his "ast and
futue sins) It is in the odd ni'hts/ nine (fom the end i)e) 40
st
) o se+en o fi+e
o thee o the last ni'ht) And the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/ *he si'n of
Laylat-ul-1ad is that it is (lea as if the moon was shinin' bi'htly# (alm and
,uiet not hot and not (old and a meteo (annot be thown out in it until the
monin') Also fom its si'ns is that the sun in the monin' afte (omes out on
the hoi3on without any ays like the moon when it is full and it is not allowed
fo the Shaytaan to e.it with it on that dayNN)
8aated by Ahmad (4607;) and it has been "e+iously mentioned in the sub-
se(tion (*he des(i"tions of Laylat-ul-1ad))
6D) Ubaadah <in Saamit (a) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LLLook fo it in the ninth# se+enth and fifth meanin' Laylat-ul-1adNN)
8aated by Ahmad (46D76)) And in anothe naation fom Ahmad fom
Ubaadah (46DHD:46DBH) with the followin' wodin'/ LL)))So look fo it in the
last ten and it is in the odd (ni'hts)# on the twenty-fist# twenty-thid# twent-
fifth# twenty-se+enth o twenty-ninth o in the last ni'htNN)
60) Ubaadah bin Saamit (a) said/
LL*he 9o"het (saw) (ame out to tell us about Laylat-ul-1ad (i)e) when it
was) then thee wee two men fom amon'st the Muslims ,uaellin' so he
said/ I (ame out to infom you about Laylat-ul-1ad and so and so and so and
so wee ,uaellin' so it was lifted (i)e) knowled'e of it was taken away) and it
may be that thee will be 'oodness in this fo you) So sea(h fo it in the ninth#
se+enth and fifthNN)
G - Maious othe Ahaadeeth on the issue/
h) Aaisha (a) the wife of the 9o"het (saw) said/
LL*hat the 9o"het (saw) used to "efom Itikaaf in the last ten of
$amadhaan until Allah (swt) aised him then his wi+es (ontinued to "efom
Itikaaf afte himNN)
8aated by Al-<ukhaai (4D4;)# Muslim# Abu &aawud# An-8asaai and
Ahmad)
i) Aaisha (a) said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) used to e.(eed the nom (in tems of
Ibaadah) in the last ten of $amadhaan and would say/ Look fo Laylat-ul-
1ad in the last ten of $amadhaanNN)
8aated by Al-<ukhaai (4D4D) and At-*imidhi) Muslim (4>B4) naated it
s"lit u" as L*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) used to make Itikaaf in the last ten
of $amadhaanN and (4>>=) LShe said/ that the Messen'e of Allah (saw)
said/ Look fo Laylat-ul-1ad in the last ten of $amadhaanN)
-) Umm Salamah (a) said/
LL*hat the 9o"het (saw) made Itikaaf in the fist ten of the fist yea# he then
"efomed the middle ten and then the last ten and said/ I saw Laylat-ul-1ad
and was then (aused to fo'et it and the Messen'e of Allah (saw) (ontinued
makin' Itikaaf in them (the last ten) until the Messen'e of Allah "assed
awayNN)
8aated by At-*abaaani (HH7:46)) Al-5aithami said that the Isnaad ((hain is
Saheeh))
k) Muaawiyah (a) and may Allah "adon him said that the 9o"het (saw)
said/
LLLaylat-ul-1ad is the twenty-se+enth ni'htNN)
8aated by Ibn 5ibbaan (6=BD)# Abu &aawood# Al-<ayha,i# At-*abaaani
and Ibn Abi Shaibah)
l) Abu 5uaiah (a) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said in e'ads
to Laylat-ul-1ad/
LLIt is (eithe) the twenty-se+enth o twenty-ninth ni'ht) *he numbe of
Malaaikah (an'els) in that ni'ht ae 'eate in numbe than (an be
(ountedNN)
8aated by Abu &aawood At-*ayaalissy (4;7;) and Ibn 2hu3aimah) It has
also been naated by Ahmad# At-*abaaani in Al-Mu-am Al-Awsat and Al-
<a33aa) Al-5aithami said that its tansmittes ae tustwothy)
m) Uma Ibn Al-2hattaab (a) said/
LL)))Meily the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said in elation to Laylat-ul-1ad
what they ha+e known) Look fo it in the odd ni'hts of the last ten# so in any
odd ni'ht you seeNN)
8aated by Al-Imaam Ahmad (B;)# Al-<a33aa and Abu Aalaa) Al-5aithami
said the tansmittes of Abu Aalaa ae tustwothy)
n) <us <in Saeed naated fom Abdullah <in Unais fom the Messen'e of
Allah (saw) that he said/
LLI was shown Laylat-ul-1ad and then (aused to fo'et it and I was shown
the monin' in whi(h I will make Su-ood ("ostation) in wate and mud) 5e
said/ It ained u"on us on the ni'ht of the twenty-thid so the Messen'e of
Allah (saw) "ayed with us and then left and he had the makin's of wate
and mud on his fa(e and ea) 5e said/ Abdullah Ibn Unais was sayin' that it
was the twenty-thidNN)
8aated by Muslim (4>>;) and Ahmad and Al-<ayha,i) Ahmad (0=074) also
naated/ LL)))So we said to him/ % Messen'e of Allah when will we find this
<lessed ni'ht@ 5e (saw) e"lied/ Look fo it in this ni'ht and he said/ that was
the twenty-thid ni'ht)))NN) And Al-<ayha,i (6DH:7) naated/ LL)))So he
odeed us E i)e) the Messen'e of Allah (saw) E with the twenty-thid
ni'ht)))NN)
o) Abu 5uaiah (a) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LL5ow mu(h has "assed fom the month@ *hey said/ twenty-two days and
ei'ht emain so 5e (saw) said/ Indeed twenty ha+e "assed and se+en emain/
Seek it toni'htNN)
8aated by Al-<ayha,i (60D:7) and Ahmad)
") 8umaan <in <ashee(a) said whilst on the Minba of 5oms/
LL?e "efomed 1iyaam with the Messen'e of Allah (saw) on the twenty-
thid ni'ht of $amadhaan fo a thid of it# then we "ayed on the twenty-fifth
with him fo half the ni'ht and then we stood in "aye with him on the twenty-
se+enth ni'ht until we thou'ht that we would miss the Suhoo) 5e said/ ?e
used to (all out fo ou Suhoo al-Falaah and as fo us we say/ the se+enth
ni'ht is the twenty-se+enth and you say it is the twenty-thid so who is moe
(oe(t/ Us o you@NN)
8aated by Ahmad (0B;H4)# An-8asaai and Ibn 2hu3aimah)
,) Abdullah Ibn Masood (a) said/
LL*he 9o"het (saw) was asked (on(enin' Laylat-ul-1ad@ So he said/ I
was infomed about it and then (this knowled'e) was mo+ed away fom me so
seek it in the se+enth with suety:(on+i(tion (ya,een) o the thid with ya,een
((on+i(tion)NN)
8aated by Al-<a33aa (0D4B) and Al-5aithami said its tansmittes ae
tustwothy)
) Anas (a) said that the 9o"het (saw) said/
LLLook fo it in the last ten/ in the ninth# se+enth and fifthNN)
8aated by Al-<a33aa (0D4H)) Al-5aithami said the tansmittes ae Saheeh)
s) Jaabi <in Samuah (a) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LLSea(h fo the ni'ht of Laylat-ul-1ad on the twenty-se+enth ni'htNN)
8aated by At-*abaaani (4B;) in Al-Mu-am As-Sa'hee)
So I say and Allah is the one who e(on(iles the tuth/
Fistly/ *hee ae Saheeh Ahaadeeth that Al-<ukhaai and Muslim a'ee u"on and
thee ae Ahaadeeth whi(h ae uni,ue to Al-<ukhaai# Muslim and othe than them)
?hen Ahaadeeth ha+e been a'eed u"on by Al-<ukhaai and Muslim then they ae
the "eak of e+idential dedu(tion (Istidlaal) and ha+e "e(eden(e in a situation of
(ontadi(tions o o""osin' e+idential meanin's) *hee ae also othe Saheeh and
5asan Ahaadeeth so whate+e a'ees is suitable fo Istidlaal (use as an e+iden(e fo
dedu(tion) and whate+e disa'ees then the Saheeh ae taken and 5asan ae
do""ed)
Se(ondly/ <y lookin' at the mentioned te.ts whi(h ae moe than thity we find this
te.t a'eed u"on whi(h has been naated by Al-<ukhaai and Muslim that/ (I was
shown Laylat-ul-1ad and then (aused to fo'et it)) *his wodin' is at the "eak in
tems of suitability and (oe(tness and thee is no othe te.t that (ontadi(ts its
meanin' o is e,ual to it in tems of (oe(tness and +iability and (ontadi(ts it) Any
(ontadi(toy e+iden(e that has (ome (an only be +iewed in tems of its "osition and
ank in elation to the "osition of this te.t (i)e) fom Al-<ukhaai and Muslim)
es"e(ially as none of them ha+e in(luded an e."lanation of the late timin' of one to
the othe o linked to an o((asion so as to (laim the o((uen(e of abo'ation) All of
these e+iden(es ha+e (ome on an e,ual footin' in tems of timin' so thee is no
abo'ation in this issue at all)
*hidly/ If thee is a 9o"heti( statement issued in a Masala (issue) and thee ae
also statements of the Sahaabah in the same issue# then the statements of the
Sahaabah ae not looked at (i)e) they do not hold +alue) and in this issue the 9o"het
statement is "esent# indeed thee ae many 8oble 9o"heti( statements whi(h ha+e
been issued in this Masala) &ue to this thee is no need o is it essential to mention
the statements of the Sahaabah in this issue so I ha+e left them alto'ethe) ?hoe+e
wishes to look into these statements then they ha+e been e(oded in the Musannaf
of Ibn Abi Shaibah as e.am"les in "a'es 7BB-7HD in the se(ond +olume)
Fouthly/ ?hen the Messen'e of Allah (saw) odes us with a matte o fobids us
fom it# then it be(omes obli'atoy u"on to obey and (om"ly and if he (saw) infoms
us with a news o infomation then we belie+e it (*asdee,) and it is not allowed e+e
to deny it) 5ee he (saw) has infomed us thou'h an e+iden(e whi(h is a'eed u"on
(Mutaffa, Alaihi) that he had known the ni'ht of Laylat-ul-1ad and then fo'ot it o it
is moe (oe(t to say that he was (aused to fo'et it meanin' that Allah (swt) (aused
it to be fo'otten) *hee is no te.t that has infomed us that the Messen'e of Allah
(saw) had emembeed it a'ain (afte fo'ettin' it) and whee this Saheeh 2haba
(e"ot) is of the hi'hest le+el of le'al te.ts and whee no altenati+e has been 'i+en
to it o (han'e been e"oted then it is obli'atoy on e+ey Fa,eeh and non-Fa,eeh
to a((e"t this infomation and it isnt 5alaal to ha+e a +iew that (ontadi(ts it and
diffes fom it) So fo e.am"le it isnt allowed to say that the Messen'e of Allah knew
the ni'ht of "owe thou'hout his life but ke"t it hidden fom the Muslims so that they
would e.et themsel+es moe in the last ni'hts of $amadhaan and not only in one
ni'ht) *his o"inion is not allowed fo a Muslim Fa,eeh and non-Fa,eeh to hold
be(ause it (ontadi(ts with the statement of the Messen'e of Allah that states that
he was shown the ni'ht and then (aused to fo'et it# and the issue emained like
that) And wose than this is when a Muslim whate+e the de'ee of his knowled'e
and Fi,h (laims that he knows when Laylat-ul-1ad is) It is like he is (laimin' with
this +iew that he knows somethin' that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) did not know o
that his knowled'e is abo+e that of the Messen'e of Allah (saw))
Fifthly/ A numbe of the Sahaabah in what has been elated fom them and a numbe
of Fu,ahaa ha+e attem"ted to s"e(ify Laylat-ul-1ad usin' the te.ts and e+iden(es
that I ha+e "esented) I say/ If they ha+e based thei s"e(ifi(ation on the si'ns that
the Messen'e of Allah (saw) had infomed them of then this s"e(ifi(ation does not
ea(h the le+el of definiti+e knowled'e (al-Ilm al-Aa,eeni) but is athe s"e(ulati+e
(Ihanny) knowled'e whi(h (ould be (oe(t and (ould be mistaken) <uilt u"on this I
say that all of the s"e(ifi(ations attibuted to the Sahaabah and *aabioon and
Fu,ahaa ae all based on Ihann (doubt:s"e(ulation) only o Ghalabat A3h-Ihann
("e"ondeant s"e(ulation) and is not unde any (i(umstan(e e'aded as definiti+e
and un,uestionable) An e.am"le of this is what has been naated fom the 8oble
Sahaabi Ubayy <in 2ab (a) in what has been mentioned in the (olle(tion of Ii <in
5ubaish (*hen they united without e.(e"tion on the twenty-se+enth ni'ht)) 5e took
his knowled'e fo s"e(ifyin' the ni'ht fom the si'ns whi(h wee head fom the
Messen'e of Allah (saw) only and he didnOt (laim to take this knowled'e (about the
date) fom the statements of the Messen'e (saw)) So he said/ (?ith the
si'n:indi(ations that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) infomed us of that it (the sun)
would ise that day without any ays shinin' fom it)) *he same (an be said about all
of the Ahaadeeth that ha+e been e"oted fom him so Ubayy <in 2ab head the
si'ns and indi(ations fom the Messen'e of Allah (saw) and then made his own
I-tihaad in a""lyin' those si'ns onto the eality and as a esult (on(luded that Laylat-
ul-1ad was the twenty-se+enth ni'ht) So this s"e(ifyin' is an I-tihaad fom him and
not news that has been "assed to us whi(h it is obli'atoy to a((e"t and take) As fo
the statement (?e united without e.(e"tion) then this does not ne'ate that it is his
I-tihaad and the fa(t that thee was a unity does not take away fom the fa(t that the
(on(lusion was based on an I-tihaad based on the si'ns of the ni'ht and theefoe
does not substantiate definite knowled'e) So I-tihaad in the si'ns does not lead to
definiti+eness in definin'# s"e(ifyin' o in knowled'e 'eneally unless the Sahaabah
all a'eed with the +iew of Ubayy and indeed that all of the Muslims a'ee with the
hu'e abundan(e of si'ns that they ha+e in font of them)
Si.thly/ Some of the Fu,ahaa thou'ht that the statement of the Messen'e of Allah
(saw)/ (Look fo it in the ninth# se+enth and fifth) o (look fo it in the last odd ten)
indi(ates that he (saw) knew the s"e(ifi( date) It would be "ossible fo this
undestandin' to be (oe(t had the te.t (on(enin' the Messen'e bein' (aused to
fo'et the ni'ht not e.isted) 5is statement theefoe ne'ates any undestandin' fom
this a""oa(h so the Muslims should (des"ite thei lo+e fo I-tihaad in the mattes of
Ibaadah) to sto" thei study on this matte of s"e(ifyin' the ni'ht of Laylat-ul-1ad)
and to "la(e the issue with the Messen'e of Allah (saw) who has infomed them that
he does not know when it is)
Se+enthly/ As an e+iden(e that the si'ns lead to mistakes is what has o((ued with
the 8oble Sahaabah (ah)/ Abu Saeed Al-2hudi and Abdullah Ibn Unais (ah)) As
fo Abu Saeed Al-2hudi he had head fom the Messen'e of Allah (saw) that he
saw himself "ostatin' in the monin' of the ni'ht in wate and mud as was e"oted
in a numbe of naations and when Abu Saeed saw the Messen'e of Allah
"ostatin' in the Fa- "aye afte the twenty-fist ni'ht in wate and mud then fom
this it was undestood by him that Laylat-ul-1ad was on the twenty-fist ni'ht so he
s"ead this +iew whi(h he had tust in so many of the Aimmah (s(holas) and
Fu,ahaa took this +iew based on that) As fo Abdullah Ibn Unais (a) he head fom
the Messen'e of Allah (saw) what was ,uoted in 5adeeth numbe > fom the
Maious othe 5adeeth se(tion that/ (And I was shown its monin' and I was
"ostatin' in wate and mud# 5e (Abdullah) said/ It ained on the ni'ht of the twenty-
thid and the Messen'e of Allah (saw) "ayed with us and then left and the maks of
wate and mud wee u"on his fa(e and nose)) So when Abdullah Ibn Unais saw that
the Messen'e of Allah had "ostated in wate and mud on the monin' afte the
twenty-thid ni'ht he undestood fom this si'n that Laylat-ul-1ad was the twenty-
thid ni'ht# so he s"ead his +iew and a numbe of Fu,ahaa took this +iew) *his
indi(ates an aea of doubt whee undestandin's diffe in tems of dedu(in' the si'ns
and dedu(in' with them (the si'ns) does not "o+ide the ne(essay le+el of
knowled'e but emains in the s"hee of Ihann (s"e(ulation and doubt) o Ghalabat
A3h-Ihann ("e"ondeant s"e(ulation)) I would like to bin' attention hee to the
"oint that (laims of definiti+e knowled'e ae 5aaam in this Masala (fi,hi issue)
be(ause they 'o beyond the knowled'e of the Messen'e of Allah (saw))
!i'hthly/ If we e.amine the naations fom Abu Saeed in what is elated to the si'ns
whi(h ha+e been elied u"on/ Al-<ukhaai has elated fou of them (4D0=)# (4D0B)#
(4D6=) and (4D7D) whi(h mention the si'n in an absolute way like/ (And I saw myself
"ostatin' in wate and mud)) *heses te.ts do not esti(t themsel+es to the monin'
of Laylat-ul-1ad) Imaam Muslim two e"ots with the same wodin'/ (4>=H) and
(4>>4) whee Al-<ukhaai has only e"oted one whi(h in(ludes a esti(tion/ (I was
shown that I "ostate in wate and mud in its monin') and Muslim e"ots two that
limit it to the monin'/ (4>>0) and (4>>;))
So hee we ha+e si. naations fom two "eo"le whi(h ha+e not s"e(ified the
monin' of Laylat-ul-1ad and only thee that ha+e s"e(ified the si'n to the monin')
I outwei'h the si. e"ots o+e the thee as it is not beyond me that the mention (of
the monin') ha""ened as a esult of the fallin' of the o((uen(e of wate and mud
in the monin' of that ni'ht so this s"e(ifi(ation was attibuted to the Messen'e
(saw) as a esult) *his is a "ossible inte"etation o e."lanation so that we (an
e(on(ile between the Ahaadeeth es"e(ially as the unesti(ted e+iden(es ae moe
numeous than those that ha+e (ome with a esti(tion be(ause they ha+e moe
sten'th in the "o(ess of dedu(tion) ?e (an then in(o"oate this e."lanation and
undestandin' so that we (an e(on(ile these esti(ted e"ots with the e"ots of
Abdullah Ibn Unais mentioned in se+en in the Maious othe Ahaadeeth se(tion)
*hese mentioned that the si'n o((ued on the twenty-thid ni'ht and without this
inte"etation it would then be ne(essay to e-e(t eithe the naations of Abu Saeed
o Abdullah Ibn Unais (ah) and wokin' with all the e+iden(es is always bette than
ne'le(tin' o e-e(tin' some (if "ossible)) And with ou statement that the Messen'e
of Allah (saw) did not esti(t himself to makin' Su-ood ("ostation) in wate and mud
with any esti(tion but athe made a Mutla, (unesti(ted) statement and then ain
fell on the twenty-fist ni'ht and a'ain on the twenty-thid ni'ht) As a esult Abu
Saeed thou'ht that the si'n had o((ued on the twenty-fist ni'ht and Abdullah <in
Unais thou'ht that the si'n a""lied to the twenty-thid ni'ht) As a esult the two +iews
diffeed and due to ou inte"etation we ha+e woked with all the naations without
the need of e-e(tin' any of them)
Meily the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said two se"aate statements/ 5e saw Laylat-ul-
1ad and then he was made to fo'et and he saw himself "ostatin' in wate and
mud and neithe of the two ae linked to ea(h othe) *he link o((ued as it seems
(ame fom the undestandin' of the naatos as a esult of the fallin' of ain on the
monin' of these two ni'hts and with this undestandin' and inte"etation we ha+e
woked (and e(on(iled) all of these e+iden(es)
Someone (ould (ome and say/ If the te.ts ae Saheeh and if an addition (ame in one
of them then this addition is a((e"table be(ause an addition fom the tustwothy is
a((e"table# so then why is not the statement (of its monin') not a((e"ted and othe
naations (aied o+e u"on its meanin'@
*he answe to this is that the diffeen(e between Abu Saeed and Abdullah <in
Unais in what they elated makes us not a((e"t this addition and had thee not been
a diffeen(e we would ha+e a((e"ted both of them) So the "adon is established fo
us u"on e-e(tin' the addition and the most (oe(t +iew is what we ha+e 'one with
whi(h is that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) afte infomin' the Muslims that he had
been shown the 8i'ht of "owe and then (aused to fo'et it) 5e told them of new
infomation whi(h was not (onne(ted with what was befoe it that he saw himself
"ostate in wate and mud and his statement (ame to ha""en in the two ni'hts in
whi(h the ain des(ended) *hee is nothin' mentioned fom him (saw) that makes his
Su-ood in wate and mud a si'n fo the o((uen(e of Laylat-ul-1ad) Followin' on
fom this# Abu Saeed and Abdullah <in Unais both made an eo in deteminin'
Laylat-ul-1ad and this mistake (ame fom the (onne(tion between the two "ie(es of
infomation whi(h wee not (onne(ted to ea(h othe in oi'in)
?ith this inte"etation we (an (ontinue to a (on(lusion whi(h is that these two
5adeeths with thei numeous naations do not benefit us in deteminin' Laylat-ul-
1ad and it is not (oe(t to infe fom them any s"e(ifi(ation to the 8i'ht of 9owe
and what (ame to us fistly of infomation that (I was shown the 8i'ht of 9owe and
then (aused to fo'et it) in suffi(ient fo us)
?ith that we ha+e a fim tuth whi(h is that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) did not
know himself when Laylat-ul-1ad was afte Allah (swt) (aused its knowled'e to be
fo'otten) *his is what Allah (swt) wanted and this bin's 2hai ('oodness) to the
Muslims as was mentioned in the 5adeeth of Ubaadah <in As-Saamit (8umbe 6)
whi(h said/ (So it was aised (the knowled'e of it) and maybe this will be 'ood fo
you)) As lon' as thee is 2hai in the fa(t that the detemination of Laylat-ul-1ad has
been lifted then why would the Fu,ahaa e.et themsel+es in tyin' to s"e(ify and
detemine it@ ?hy would they e-e(t the 2hai fo themsel+es and the est of the
MuslimsC@ Also why did they not sto" at the statement of the Messen'e of Allah
(saw) whi(h was naated by Abu &ha (a) (8umbe 0 in his (olle(tion ,uoted
ealie) that/ (If Allah had willed 5e would ha+e made you awae of it)@C *hen afte
the will of Allah (swt) is known# does thee emain a i'ht o "la(e left fo the will of
one of his (eationC@
8inthly/ ?e will now look at the naations e"oted fom Abdullah Ibn Uma (a)
whi(h ha+e been e(oded by Al-<ukhaai and Muslim/ ()))So sea(h fo it in the last
se+en) and fom Muslim (I see you +ision in the last ten so seek it in the odd theeof)
and (Look fo it in the last ten)))and dont be o+e(ome in the last se+en)) *hese
e+iden(es do not settle between the last ten and se+en ni'hts and do not s"e(ify a
s"e(ifi( ni'ht fo Laylat-ul-1ad and this (onfims what is wides"ead and known
nealy to the "oint of *awaatu that Laylat-ul-1ad falls in the last ten ni'hts) *he
Messen'e of Allah "efomed Itikaaf thou'hout the last ten days and ni'hts of
$amadhaan seekin' the 8i'ht until he "assed away to Allah *aAlaa whi(h was
hi'hli'hted in the 5adeeth of Aaisha (a) (8umbe 0 in the +aious 5adeeth
(olle(tion) whi(h indi(ates (lealy that this 5ukm (-ud'ement) (ontinued without
bein' abo'ated)
Al-<ukhaai (4D0;) has one naation fom Ibn Uma (a) and Muslim has fou
naations fom him (4>=4)# (4>=;)# (4>==)# (4>=>) and none of these (ome
s"e(ifyin' Laylat-ul-1ad) ?e then find Ahmad with two naations fom him (7BDB)
and (=7>7) whi(h s"e(ify Laylat-ul-1ad to be on the twenty-se+enth ni'ht) <y
e+iewin' the Musnad of Al-Imaam Ahmad we find two othe e"ots fom Ibn Uma
(;76D) and (;H64) whi(h e,uest sea(hin' fo Laylat-ul-1ad in the last se+en
without s"e(ifyin' the twenty-se+enth) All of these 5adeeth fom Ahmad ha+e been
e"oted fom Abdullah Ibn &eenaa fom Ibn Uma so (an this (ontadi(tion be
made sense of@ In the book *ahdheeb at-*ahdheeb of Ibn 5a-a we find the
followin' statement fom Al-U,aily/ In the e"ots of the S(holas about him E
Abdullah Ibn &eenaa E it is said/ in(onsistent) So the Ahaadeeth fom the two
Shaikhs (Al-<ukhaai and Muslim) ae taken as well as those fom Ahmad that
e,uest sea(hin' fo Laylat-ul-1ad in the last ten o the last se+en ni'hts and the
two naations fom Imaam Ahmad that s"e(ify the sea(hin' to the twenty-se+enth is
left es"e(ially as all of these Ahaadeeth (ame fom Abdullah Ibn Uma (a))
So we ha+e (ombined the Saheeh naations of Abu Saeed and Abdullah Ibn Uma
(ah) whi(h (all fo sea(hin' fo Laylat-ul-1ad in the last ten o the last se+en and
this is the ston'est of what has been e"oted in the Saheeh Ahaadeeth)
As fo the (olle(tion of Ibn Abbaas (a)# the fist 5adeeth has (ome in a'eement
with the (olle(tions of Abu Saeed and Ibn Uma so is in(luded with them) As fo the
se(ond that s"e(ifies the twenty-thid as Laylat-ul-1ad then this is a +ision of Ibn
Abbaas whi(h he saw and not a e"ot fom the Messen'e of Allah (saw) and we do
not seek to woshi" Allah (swt) with ou +isions o anybody elses with the e.(e"tion
to those of the Messen'e (saw) o a $uyah (+ision) of a Sahaabi if he (saw)
(onfims it) In this 5adeeth the +ision of Ibn Abbaas has not been (onfimed by the
Messen'e of Allah (saw) and is theefoe not a le'al "oof fo us and this is in
elation to the Matn (the witten te.t of the 5adeeth))
As fo the Sanad ((hain) this 5adeeth was elated fom Simaak fom Ikaamah fom
Ibn Abbaas and Simaak is &aeef (weak) amon'st the naatos so this 5adeeth is
e-e(ted Matnan and Sanadan (<y te.t and (hain)) As fo the thid 5adeeth then
amon'st its tansmittes is Muaadh <in 5ishaam who has been (lassified as &aeef
by Al-5umaidy# Aahya <in Moeen and Abu &aawood and is theefoe also e-e(ted)
As fo the (olle(tion of Ii <in 5ubaish o athe the (olle(tion of Ubayy <in 2ab# we
ha+e aleady shown the weakness in all of them as they wee all based on I-tihaad on
the si'ns of the 8i'ht of 9owe# and these si'ns (annot be undestood fom one
an'le es"e(ially when thee ae othe naations whi(h indi(ate diffeent
undestandin's and (on(lusions to these +ey same si'ns as o((ued with the
5adeeth of Abdullah Ibn Unais whi(h we ha+e "e+iously mentioned)
As fo the (olle(tion of Abu &ha (a)# then the fist 5adeeth is in a'eement with the
ma-oity of Saheeh Ahaadeeth whi(h 'uide to the last ten and last se+en ni'hts) As
fo the se(ond 5adeeth# it does not (ontain a mention of Laylat-ul-1ad but athe
indi(ates the meits of "efomin' 1iyaam on the twenty-thid# twenty-fifth and
twenty-se+enth ni'hts) *his is an issue in whi(h thee is no dis"ute and it fits with the
+iew that Laylat-ul-1ad should be sou'ht in the odd ni'hts of the last se+en) As fo
the thid 5adeethO it has Iaid <in Al-5ubaab in its (hain and Ahmad <in 5anbal said
about him/ 5e was tuthful and "e(ise in his wods fom Muaawiyah <in Saalih but
made a lot of mistakes) Ibn 5ibbaan mentioned him in Ath-*hi,aat and said/ 5e
made eos) 5is 5adeeth ae (onsideed if they ae naated fom those who ae
well known but if they ae unknown they (ontain a lot of what is e-e(ted) 5e is
theefoe not of the le+el of the Saheeh naatos and this is es"e(ially the (ase if
what he (omes with is in (ontadi(tion to what the Saheeh naatos ha+e (ome with)
As fo the (olle(tion of Ubaadah <in As-Saamit (a) then they ae in a'eement with
the Saheeh Ahaadeeth that ode the sea(hin' fo Laylat-ul-1ad in the odd ni'hts
of the last ten o se+en) As fo the Maious 5adeeth Folle(tion# then the naations
of Aasha# Umm Salamah# Uma Ibn Al-2hattaab# Anas <in Maalik (ah) all mention
the last ten o se+en and the odd ni'hts within them)
In elation to the naation of Muaawiyah fom Ibn 5ibbaan (8umbe 7) whi(h stated
that Laylat-ul-1ad falls on the twenty-se+enth ni'ht it has in this e"ot Ubaidullah
<in Muaadh bin Muaadh and Aahya <in Moeen said/ Ibn Sameenah# Shabbaab
and Ubaidullah <in Muaadh ae not "eo"le of 5adeeth# they (o thei wods) hold no
+alue) *his 5adeeth is theefoe e-e(ted in its Sanad e+en if some of the
Muhadditheen ha+e (lassified him as tustwothy# then tust in a "eson is one thin'
and the (oe(tness of 5adeeth is somethin' else) It (ould be that the naato is
tustwothy# u"i'ht and tuthful but not &aabit (a((uate) o 5aafi3h ((an emembe
well) and theefoe due to this eason is not a suitable naato of 5adeeth and
Ubaidullah Ibn Muaadh falls into this (ate'oy)
*he naation of Abu 5uaiah (8umbe ;) its Sanad as (olle(ted by Abu &aawood
At-*ayaalissy is/ UAounus said/ Abu &aawood told us/ Imaan told us fom 1ataadah
fom Abu Maymoonah fom Abu 5uaiahV) Abu Maymoonah has been -ud'ed
(om"etent by a numbe of Muhadditheen and has been des(ibed as Al-Faaisy) Ad-
&aaa,utni is amon'st those who ha+e +eified him howe+e the Abu Maymoonah in
this 5adeeth is not Abu Maymoonah Al-Faaisy who has been des(ibed with tust#
u"i'htness and tuthfulness and Ad-&aaa,utni bou'ht attention to this diffeen(e)
5e said/ Abu Maymoonah fom Abu 5uaiah fom 1ataadah is unknown (Ma-hool)
and is theefoe left (i)e) not a((e"ted)) *his 5adeeth is theefoe weak and e-e(ted)
As fo 5adeeth B fom Al-<ayha,i it in(ludes Ahmad <in Abdul-Jabbaa and Ibn
5a-a said (on(enin' him in *ahdheeb At-*ahdheeb/ UIbn Abi 5aatim said/ 5e has
be witten about and his naations ha+e been held ba(k due to the amount of talk
(on(enin' him) Mateen said/ 5e used to lie) Abu Ahmad Al-5aakim said/ 5e is not
ston' with them and Ibn A,dah left him (and his naation)) Ibn Adi said/ I saw the
"eo"le of Al-Ia, ea(h a (onsensus about his weakness and Ibn A,dah did not
elate fom him)))V) So Ahmad <in Abdul-Jabbaa is (lassified as weak with the
ma-oity of Ulamaa and theefoe this 5adeeth is also e-e(ted)
In es"e(t to the 5adeeth of Jaabi <in samuah (8umbe 04) whi(h was e"oted by
At-*abaaani in Al-Mu-am As-Sa'hee it in(ludes in the e"ot Simaak <in 5ab and
he is &aeef whi(h we ha+e made (lea aleady moe than on(e so it is e-e(ted) *he
5adeeth of 8umaan <in <ashee (8umbe H) we say in es"e(t to it what we ha+e
said fo 5adeeth 8umbe 4 fom the (olle(tion of Abu &ha in that it does not in(lude
in it a mention of Laylat-ul-1ad)
As fo the 5adeeth of Abdullah Ibn Masood (a) it in(ludes in the e"ot Abdullah
<in Al-Jahm and Abu Iuah said about him/ I saw him and did not wite o e"ot
fom him and he was tuthful) Abu haatim said/ I saw him and did not wite fom him)
5e used to s"ead:(i(ulate (s"ee(h)) Amon'st the tansmittes is also Amu <in Abi
1ais A3-Iaai and Al-Aa-iy said fom Abu &aawood/ In his 5adeeth thee is a
mistake) Uthmaan <in Abi Shaibah said/ *hee is no "oblem in him# he used to be a
little obs(ue in some 5adeeth) So in this 5adeeth thee is fle.ibility and weakness
and (an theefoe not stand u" a'ainst the Saheeh Ahaadeeth e+e) %n to" of this
the 5adeeth did not s"e(ify Laylat-ul-1ad with a s"e(ifi( ni'ht but athe mo+ed
between the twenty-thid and twenty-se+enth ni'ht)
?e sum u" what "e(eded by sayin' that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) knew at the
be'innin' when Laylat-ul-1ad was# then Allah Al-Aleem Al-2habee (aused this
knowled'e to be fo'otten) *his emained the situation until he (saw) "assed away
and as lon' as the Messen'e of Allah (saw) did not know its time then it is not
allowed fo any of the Sahaabah o othe than them to s"e(ify the ni'ht) It is
obli'atoy on all of the Muslims# the Ulamaa and othe than them to be satisfied and
find it suffi(ient to sea(h and look fo Laylat-ul-1ad in the last ten o se+en ni'hts of
$amadhaan within its odd ni'hts) It will not then fall in othe than the twenty-fist#
twenty-thid# twenty-fifth# twenty-se+enth o twenty-ninth ni'ht like has been
mentioned in the 5adeeth e"oted by Abu &aawood At-*ayaalissy# numbe 0 in the
(olle(tion of Abdullah Ibn Abbaas on the way of Abu <akah with the wodin'/ ()))with
nine emainin'# o se+en emainin'# o fi+e emainin'# o thee emainin' o the last
ni'ht))

Fha"te 00
Al-Itikaaf
&efinition of Al-Itikaaf/
Al-Itikaaf is the sti(kin'# de+otin' and kee"in' to somethin' whee he (ommits to it
and (onfines himself u"on it) Itikaaf has been mentioned with this meanin' in a
numbe of Ayaat of 1uaan) Allah (swt) says/
)*+,-+ . /+ 0+ f 1234+53g 6+ 783 9+ : ;<3 g 9+=4+ >? @A-B+C+D+ 1E+F+ f GH-I+ J+ -KLMLN7+ 1E+F+
g
f GH)2+ OP+ QRL >S @A->L)I+
1:+ -TL. 7+f 6N+/? )2+>S g )RU. >+<3f )T+ V+ QRL >+ WXR+ >3@8+ Y+ )I+ QML *S<3 GX-I+ J+ -ELR+ZB+
LLAnd ?e bou'ht the Fhilden of Isael (with safety) a(oss the sea# and they (ame
u"on a "eo"le de+oted to some of thei idols (in woshi")) *hey said/ R% M\sa
(Moses)C Make fo us an ilWh (a 'od) as they ha+e Wlihah ('ods))R 5e said/ RMeily#
you ae a "eo"le who know notNN
(Al-Aaaaf 06B)
And 5e (swt) said/
Y+ )I+ [\+ ] ?D+ JS ^3D+ _+ >+ 1D3 `3 -a+=+ > ? f JP+ Y+ -bLB+ c+ d+ )e+ f3 JS <30+ _+ >+ @gUF3 -f+ h>S iL K + E+jBL
9kL *?0+ 1>+<3
g
f _+ R3. >+<3f lm3 >S? n+E o+ i3a E+F+ )KUV3 )F+ iL 2SI+ 9p =+ 2L>S QS qL iL 2SK+ e3 22+>+ 1D3 Qp a+>? )KUe*+
LM\sa (Moses) said/ R*hen 'o awayC And +eily# you ("unishment) in this life will be
that you will say/ R*ou(h me not and +eily you ha+e a "omise that will not fail) And
look at you ilWh ('od)# to whi(h you ha+e been de+oted) ?e will (etainly bun it# and
s(atte its "ati(les in the seaN)
(*a-5a H>)
And 5e A33a ?a Jalla said/
gb+ >+0+ )2+aB+@8+ g Q+ a\3 9+5 <3 rL g+stL hf3 6L4 I+ )2SVL 0+ i3 53 h+ aT3 E3.F+f ) u ]<3 ( Y+ )I+ i3 a53v3+ i3 f3-I+ 0+ )f+
r3 m3. \+f 6L aq3)T+ wS>? 1w3>S?g QwL*P+ )R+ >+ J+ -KLM3. F+f
And indeed ?e bestowed afoetime on IbWhim (Abaham) his ("otion of) 'uidan(e#
and ?e wee ?ell-A(,uainted with him (as to his <elief in the %neness of AllWh))
(;0) ?hen he said to his fathe and his "eo"le/ R?hat ae these ima'es# to whi(h
you ae de+oted@R
(Al-Anbiya ;0-4)
And/
QL \L h+ 7m3 >S? @A09L K+ V+ Q L 0gx O+ 0+ | h3 F+ g3 Z3eT+ > ? G3 @9+ =+> ? l+g R+ > ?0+ )DU -MLNf+ JP+ y+ EL47+
iL ES=3 f+
*hey ae the ones who disbelie+ed (in the %neness of AllWh d IslWmi( Monotheism)#
and hindeed you fom AlbMas-idbalb5aWm (at Makkah) and detained the sa(ifi(ial
animals# fom ea(hin' thei "la(e of sa(ifi(e
(Al-Fath 4;)
*hee ae othe Ayaat that mention Itikaaf and all of them hold the same meanin'
whi(h is (om"ellin' youself to somethin' and (onfinin' youself to it) *his is the
lin'uisti( meanin' of Al-Itikaaf)
As fo the Shaa (meanin')# Al-Itikaaf is defined as stayin' in the Mas-id fo a
s"e(ifi( "eiod with the intention of 'ettin' (lose to Allah Subhaanahu) It has the
same meanin' as the wod Al-Jiwaa o Al-Mu-aawaah) Al-<ukhaai (7H44)# Muslim
and Ahmad e"oted fom Jaabi <in Abdullah (a) that the Messen'e of Allah (saw)
said/ LL I was se(luded in the (a+e of 5iaa and when I finished my se(lusion
(Jiwaai) I des(ended)))NN) Al-<ukhaai (4D4D) e"oted fom Aaisha (a) who said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) used to se(lude (yu-aawiu) himself in the last ten of
$amadhaan and he said/ Look fo Laylat-ul-1ad in the last ten of $amadhaanNN)
Muslim (4>>D) e"oted fom Saeed Al-2hudi (a) who said/ LL*he Messen'e of
Allah (saw) used to se(lude himself (yu-aawiu) in $amdhaan the ten days that wee
in the middle of the month)))NN)
As su(h it is not (oe(t to diffeentiate between Al-Itikaaf and Al-Mu-aawaah o Al-
Jiwaa like Abdu-$a33aa, (BDD6) e"oted fom Ataa <in Abi $abaah in his
statement/ UAl-Itikaaf is what is inside the Mas-id wheeas Al-Jiwaa means at the
doo of the Mas-id o inside itV) *his diffeentiation is (lealy mistaken and (lealy
weak and e+en in the Aabi( di(tionaies Al-Jiwaa and Al-Mu-aawaah hold the same
meanin' as Itikaaf so in Lisaan-ul-Aab# Mukhtaa-us-Saheeh and Al-1amoos Al-
Muheet it is said/ Al-Mu-aawaah/ Al-Itikaaf in the Mas-id)
*he 5ukm (ulin') of Itikaaf/
*he followin' Ahaadeeth ha+e been mentioned in elation to Laylat-ul-1ad/
0) Aaisha (a) the wife of the 9o"het (saw) naated/
LL*hat the 9o"het (saw) used to make Itikaaf in the last ten of $amadhaan
until Allah (swt) (aused him to "ass away and then his wi+es made Itikaaf
afte himNN)
8aated by Al-<ukhaai (4D4;)# Muslim# Abu &aawood# An-8asaai and
Ahmad)
4) Ubayy <in 2ab (a) said/
LL*hat the Messen'e of Allah (saw) used to "efom Itikaaf in the last ten of
$amadhaan) 5e ta+elled one yea so did not "efom Itikaaf and the
followin' yea he "efomed Itikaaf fo twenty (days)NN)
8aated by An-8asaai (666D) in As-Sunan Al-2ubaa# Abu &aawood# Ibn
Maa-ah# Ahmad# Ibn 5ibbaan and Ibn 2hu3aimah)
6) Abu Saeed Al-2hudi (a) said/
LL*hat the Messen'e of Allah (saw) obse+ed iPtikaf ((onfined himself fo
de+otion and "aye) in the fist ten (days) of $amadanO he then obse+ed
iPtikaf in the middle ten (days) in a *ukish tent with a mat han'in' at its doo)
5e (the 5oly 9o"het) took hold of that mat and "la(ed it in the nook of the
tent) 5e then "ut his head out and talked with "eo"le and they (ame nea
him# and he (the 5oly 9o"het) said/ I obse+ed iPtikaf in the fist ten (ni'hts
and days) in ode to seek that ni'ht (Lailat-ul-1ad)) I then obse+ed iPtikaf in
the middle ten days) *hen (an an'el) was sent to me and I was told that this
(ni'ht) is amon' the last ten (ni'hts)) 5e who amon' you likes to obse+e
iPtikaf should do soO and the "eo"le obse+ed it alon' with himNN)
8aated by Muslim (4>>0)# Al-<ukhaai# Ahmad# Maalik# Abu &aawood and
An-8asaai)
7) Amaah <int Abd-u-$ahmaan fom Aaisha (a)/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah used to "a(ti(e Itikaf e+ey yea in the month of
$amadan) And afte offein' the monin' "aye# he used to ente the "la(e of
his Itikaaf) PAisha asked his "emission to let he "a(ti(e Itikaaf and he
allowed he# and so she "it(hed a tent in the mos,ue) ?hen 5afsa head of
that# she also "it(hed a tent (fo heself)# and when Iainab head of that# she
too "it(hed anothe tent) ?hen# in the monin'# AllahPs A"ostle had finished
the monin' "aye# he saw fou tents and asked# R?hat is this@R 5e was
infomed about it) 5e then said# R?hat made them do this@ Is it
i'hteousness@ $emo+e the tents# fo I do not want to see them)R So# the
tents wee emo+ed) *he 9o"het did not "efom Itikaaf that yea in the
month of $amadan# but did it in the last ten days of ShawwalNN)
$e"oted by Al-<ukhaai (4D7;)# Maalik# Ahmad# Ibn 5ibbaan and Ibn
2hu3aimah)
<y e.aminin' these fou Ahaadeeth we find that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) was
(onsistent in makin' Itikaaf in the last ten days of $amadhaan until his "assin' away
and if due to ta+el was not able to "efom it then in "la(e of that he would make
Itikaaf fo twenty days in the followin' yea and all of this (onfims to us that Itikaaf
is an a(t of (1ubah) 'ainin' (loseness to Allah (swt))
Al-1ubah is eithe obli'atoy (waa-ib:fad) o Sunnah (Mandoob) and the thid and
fouth e+iden(es ha+e (ome with a 1aeenah (indi(ation) that Itikaaf is a Mandoob
1ubah and not an obli'atoy one) *he thid 5adeeth says/ LSo whoe+e fom
amon'st you would like to "efom Itikaaf then "efom Itikaaf so the "eo"le
"efomed it with himN so the 5adeeth atta(hes the "efoman(e of Itikaaf to the
wish of the "eo"le and this is a (lea e+iden(e that it is not obli'atoy so what
emains is e(ommendation) Simila to this is the fouth 5adeeth whi(h says/ LI
wasnt in Itikaaf so I etuned and when I had boken (finished) the fast I made
Itikaaf in ten days of ShawaalN and the Messen'e of Allah (saw) would not lea+e a
1ubah if it had been obli'atoy)
*his Issue# that the 5ukm (ulin') of it is e(ommendation (8adb) was not diffeed
u"on with the e.(e"tion of a few of the s(hool (madhhab) of Maalik and they said
that Itikaaf was "emissible and not e(ommended) Ibn al-Aabi who was Maaliki
e-e(ted this sayin' that it is a Sunnah Muakkadah) Ibn <attaal said/ *he "esisten(e
of the 9o"het (saw) (in this a(tion) indi(ates that it is Muakkad
((onfimed:(onsistent)) Ibn 5a-a said/ UAbu &aawood said fom Ahmad/ I do not
know of any of the Ulamaa that diffe in that it is SunnahV)
As fo the doubt that some of the followes of Maalik elied u"on it was the statement
of Maalik/ UI ha+e thou'ht about Itikaaf and the fa(t that the Sahaabah left it des"ite
thei sti(t followin' of the Atha (5adeeth) and it o((ued to me that it was like
?isaal and I saw that they ston'ly left thatV) *his was mentioned by Ibn 5a-a in
Fath-ul-<aai and I sea(hed fo it in the Muwatta (of Maalik) but (ould not find
efeen(e to it so this doubt (ontains a lot of weakness) *hen if you look at the
Muwatta you find that Imaam Maalik has stated that Itikaaf is Sunnah in moe than
one e."ession so in "at one in "a'e (4=>) the followin' was stated/ UMaalik said/ I
ha+e not head of anyone fom the "eo"le of knowled'e im"osin' a (ondition on
Itikaaf and +eily Itikaaf is only an a(tion fom amon'st the a(tions like "aye#
fastin' and 5a-- and what is simila to those of a(tions of whi(h ae obli'atoy o
e(ommended# so whoe+e entes anythin' of them then he has a(ted fom what
emains fom the Sunnah a(tions) 5e should not in+ent somethin' whi(h the Muslims
had not aleady done# and not im"ose (onditions o inno+ate) *he Messen'e of
Allah (saw) indeed "efomed Itikaaf and the Muslims wee awae of the Sunnah of
ItikaafV) *heefoe Itikaaf is Sunnah and this Sunnah is affimed in the last ten (days
and ni'hts) of $amadhaan)
?hee is Itikaaf "efomed@
Many Ahaadeeth ha+e been mentioned in this Masala and thee is no need to
"esent all of them hee) It is enou'h fo us to look at a numbe of them be(ause they
(ontain a i(h benefit/
0) Allah (swt) says/
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And do not ha+e se.ual elations with them (you wi+es) while you ae in
IPtikWf in the mos,ues) *hese ae the limits (set) by AllWh# so a""oa(h them
not) *hus does AllWh make (lea 5is AyWt to mankind that they may be(ome
Al- Mutta,un)
(Al-<a,aah 0B>)
4) Aaisha (a) said/
LL *he 9o"het used to ("ut) bend his head (out) to me while he was in
Itikaaf in the Mas-id duin' my monthly "eiods and I would (omb and oil his
haiNN)
$elated by Al-<ukhaai (4D4B)# Abu &aawood# Ibn Maa-ah and Ahmad with
diffeen(es in the wodin')
6) Ali <in Al-5usein elated fom Safiyah (a) the wife of the 9o"het (saw) that
she told him/
LLShe a""oa(hed the Messen'e of Allah (saw) makin' a +isit to him whilst
he was in Itikaaf in the Mas-id in the last ten of $amadhaan) She s"oke to
him fo an hou then went to lea+e and he (saw) a((om"anied he)))NN)
8aated by Al-<ukhaai (4D6;)# Muslim# Abu &aawood# An-8asaai# Ibn
Maa-ah and Ahmad)
7) Abu Saeed Al-2hudi (a) said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) made Itikaaf in the Mas-id) 5e head them
e(itin' aloud# he un(o+eed the (utain and said/ Meily all of you ae
(on+esin' with you lod# so do not let one of you im"ede the othe# and dont
aise you +oi(es abo+e ea(h othe in you e(itation o he said in you
SalaahNN)
8aated by Abu &aawood (0664)#Ahmad# Ibn 2hu3aimah and Al-<ayha,i)
An-8awawi +eified it as Saheeh)
;) Abu Saeed Al-2hudi (a) also said/
LL%n(e we wee in Itikaaf with the Messen'e of Allah (saw) in the middle
ten days of ($amadan) and we (ame out of it in the monin' of the twentieth#
and the Messen'e of Allah (saw) deli+eed a semon on the 4Dth (of
$amadan) and said# PI was infomed (of the date) of the 8i'ht of 1ad (in my
deam) but had fo'otten it) So# look fo it in the odd ni'hts of the last ten
ni'hts of the month of $amadan) I saw myself "ostatin' in mud and wate
on that ni'ht (as a si'n of the 8i'ht of 1ad)) So# whoe+e had been in Itikaaf
with AllahPs A"ostle should etun fo it)P *he "eo"le etuned to the mos,ue
(fo Itikaaf)) *hee was no ta(e of (louds in the sky) <ut all of a sudden a
(loud (ame and it ained) *hen the "aye was established (they stood fo the
"aye) and the Messen'e of Allah (saw) "ostated in mud and wate and I
saw mud o+e the foehead and the nose of the 9o"hetNN)
8aated by Al-Imaam Al-<ukhaai (4D6=)# Muslim# Ahmad# Maalik# Ibn
5ibbaan and Al-<ayha,i)
And fom the Aathaa (naations of the (om"anions# followes) the followin' has
been mentioned/
0) 5udhaifah (a) said/
L)))Itikaaf is only in these the Masaa-id/ Mas-id Al-5aaam# Mas-id Al-
Madeenah and Mas-id Al-A,saaN)
$e"oted by Abd-u-$a33aa, (BD07)# At-*abaaani# Al-<ayha,i# Ibn Abi
Shaibah and Saeed <in Mansoo) Al-5aithami said/ UIts tansmittes ae
SaheehV)
4) Fom Muhammad <in Shihaab A3-Iuhi that he said/
L*hee is no Itikaaf e.(e"t in a Mas-id of Jamaaah ((on'e'ation)N)
$elated by Abd-u-$a33aa, (BD0>) and Ibn Abi Shaibah)
6) Fom Ataa <in Abi $abaah who said/
L*hee is no Itikaaf e.(e"t in the Mas-id of Makkah and the Mas-id of Al-
MadeenahN)
$elated by Abd-u-$a33aa, (BD4D))
7) Saeed <in Al-Musayyib said/
L?hoe+e +ows to "efom Itikaaf in the Mas-id of !eliyaa and then "efoms
it in the Mas-id of the 9o"het (saw) in Al-Madeenah then it e"la(es it and
whoe+e +ows to make Itikaaf in the 9o"hets Mas-id (saw) in Al-Madeenah
and then "efoms it in Al-Mas-id Al-5aaam then it e"la(es itN)
Abd-u-$a33aa, (BD4;))
Ibn 5a-a says/ U*he Ulamaa ha+e a'eed u"on the (ondition of "efomin' Itikaaf in
the Mas-id# e.(e"t fo Muhammad Ibn Lubaabah Al-Maaliky who "emitted it in any
"la(e and the 5anafiyyah "emitted the woman to "efom Itikaaf in the Mas-id of he
house# the "la(e in the house whee Salaah is "efomed# thee is and Shaafi +iew
su""otin' this +iew as well some of his and Maaliks followes with the easonin'
that "efomin' the e.ta a(tions ("ayes) is bette in the house) Abu 5aneefah and
Ahmad ha+e s"e(ified the Mas-id in whi(h the "ayes ae offeed) Abu Aousuf
s"e(ified it fo the ?aa-ib only and any Mas-id fo the 8awaafil) *he Ma-oity in
'eneal allowed any Mas-id e.(e"t fo the one who is (om"elled with Jumah# so
Ash-Shaafi e(ommended the (on'e'ational Mas-id and Maalik sti"ulated it
be(ause Jumah inteu"ts the Itikaaf a((odin' to them) So it is obli'atoy fo Maalik
and a 'ou" of the Salaf like A3-Iuhi s"e(ified it to the (on'e'ational Masaa-id
absolutely) Ash-Shaafi in(lined to this in an olde +iew and 5udhaifah <in Al-Aamaan
s"e(ified it to the thee Masaa-i# Ataa to the Mas-ids of Makkah and Al-Madeenah
and Ibn ul-Musayyib to Al-MadeenahV)
Afte dis"layin' the +iews of the Fu,ahaa as they wee ,uoted by Ibn 5a-a in Al-
Fath-ul-<aai we find that as "e usual they baely a'ee u"on a 5ukm (le'al ulin'))
*hey del+e in to ban(hes and e.ta(tions without e'ad fo the (lea te.ts and what
they 'uide to until the "eo"le "ass the statement amon'st ea(h othe/ UIkhtilaaf
Ummati $ahmahV (*he diffeen(e in my Ummah is a me(y) as if it is a 9o"heti(
5adeeth# whi(h it isnt and has no basis fo it) Also the statement/ UIkhtilaaf Ashaabi
lakum $ahmahV (*hee is $ahmah fo you in the diffeen(es fom my (om"anions)
and that it is a 9o"heti( 5adeeth# althou'h it is not Saheeh) It has been naated by
Al-<ayha,i# At-*abaaani# Ad-&aylami amon'st othes fom Ibn Abbaas with a Sanad
((hain) whi(h is Mun,ati (inteu"ted) so it is not Saheeh) And what has led them
"e+ented them when they ha+e found between thei hands the te.ts (e+iden(es) that
sol+e the issues to sto" at them and what they 'uide to) *hese diffeen(es whi(h
be(ame dee"ly ooted in the Muslims ae enou'h fo us to deal withO they s"ead like
they wee diffeent o se"aate le'islations and may Allah fo'i+e e+eyone)
All of the te.ts eithe fom the 8oble 1uan o the 9o"het Sunnah do not mention
othe than the Mas-id o Masaa-id) *hey ha+e (ome without e."lainin' if the Masaa-id
ae fo (on'e'ation (Jamaaah) o othewise# o that they ae thee# o that they ae
the Masaa-id in whi(h Jumah is "efomed o not o that the Itikaaf in them is ?aa-ib
like the +ow o 8aafil and Mandoob) It theefoe seems (lea that a lot of the
ban(hes and details found in the books of Fi,h on this matte ae not ba(ked u" o
su""oted by the Shaa)
*he tuth and (oe(t +iew is that Itikaaf is not "efomed e.(e"t in the Mas-id# a
"la(e whi(h Muslims ha+e s"e(ified fo Salaah and thee is no diffeen(e between
the thee ('eat) Masaa-iod and othe than them o the (on'e'ational Masaa-id and
othe than them) ?hate+e has been named as a Mas-id it is theefoe allowed to
make Itikaaf in it) As fo what has been said that it is ne(essay to be whee Jumah
is "efomed o othewise the Itikaaf will be inteu"ted by the "eson lea+in' the
Mas-id of Itikaaf to 'o to the Mas-id of Jumah then the es"onse to this will (ome <i
Idhnillah when we dis(uss what it is "emitted fo the one in Itikaaf to do) As fo the
statement that Itikaaf is allowed to be "efomed in any "la(e then this is a +iew that
has no e+iden(e# athe the e.istent e+iden(es o""ose this +iew so this +iew has no
+alue)
It (ould be said that the mention of Masaa-id in the te.ts does not indi(ate a (ondition
and only (ame as infomation about what o((ued and what (omes to us as
infomation (about (i(umstan(es) is not (onsideed a (ondition@ ?e es"ond to this
by sayin' that the Ayaah ended by sayin'/
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(*hese ae the limits of Allah so dont 'o nea them and like this Allah e."lains his
si'ns so that you may be(ome Al-Mutta,oon)
*his ne'ates the +iew that what is (ontained in the main "at of the Ayaah is -ust
infomation whi(h one is not bound with so the statement of Allah (swt)/
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(&o not ha+e se.ual elations with them (wi+es:women) whilst you ae "efomin'
Itikaaf in the Masaa-id)
*his entes in to the statement/ (*hese ae the limits of Allah so dont 'o nea
them))))) It is not (oe(t to in(lude it into the last "at of the statement if the se.ual
elations fo e.am"le wee in othe than the Mas-id o that the a(tions inside the
Mas-id did not ea(h the le+el of Se.ual elations (inte(ouse)) *his is like what Al-
<ayha, e"oted (640:7)# Abd-u $a33aa,# Ibn Abi Shaibah and Ibn Jaee At-*abai
fom Ibn Abbaas (a) that he said/ LAnd do not ha+e inte(ouse with you wife whilst
you ae in Itikaaf in the Masaa-id) 5e said/ Al-Mubaashaah (fondlin')# tou(hin' ae
all ("at of) inte(ouse) but Allah A33a wa Jalla names how he wishes to nameN) Ibn
ul-Mundhi e"oted that thee e.isted an I-maa ((onsensus) that Al-Mubaashaah in
this Ayah meant inte(ouse so the mention of inte(ouse and the mention of
Masaa-id ae two ne(essay mattes whi(h ae not se"aate whi(h ne'ates that this
is meely infomation)
*hen let us now e.amine the fifth 5adeeth/ (So# whoe+e had been in Itikaaf with
AllahPs A"ostle should etun fo it)P *he "eo"le etuned to the mos,ue (fo Itikaaf)))
So this is a (ommand fom him (saw) fo those who had been "efomin' Itikaaf to
etun to the Mas-id and had the Mas-id not been the "la(e of Itikaaf then why was
(ommand issued by the 9o"het (saw) like this)
As fo the e"ots (Aathaa) fom the Sahaabah and *aabioon they do not (ount fo
moe than thei own "esonal I-tihaadaat) As fo the statement of Ibn ul-Musayyib
(8umbe 7) it does not o""ose with some e(on(iliation what we ha+e aleady said in
tems of the obli'ation of Itikaaf bein' in the Mas-id and it is an e."lanation to the
"efeen(e of these Masaa-id some o+e othes)
?hen is Al-Itikaaf@
It is (oe(t and +alid to "efom Itikaaf in any day o ni'ht thou'hout the yea
without e.(e"tion) *his is be(ause thee has not been mentioned in it any esti(tion
o s"e(ifi(ation and it (ame Mutla, (unesti(ted) without *a,yeed (esti(tion) and
Aam ('eneal) without takhsees (s"e(ifi(ation)) ?hat (ame in elation to it in tems
of the mentionin' of the last ten of $amadhaan this only (ame fom the an'le of
"efeen(e and e(ommendation and did not (ome as an obli'atoy (ondition) ?e will
now look at the te.ts that ae elated to this issue to e.ta(t a ulin' fom them/
0) Abdullah Ibn Uma (a) said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) "efomed Itikaaf in the last ten of
$amadhaanNN
8aated by Al-<ukhaai (4D4;)# Muslim# Abu &aawood and Ibn Maa-ah)
4) Abu 5uaiah (a) said/
LL*he 9o"het (saw) use to make Itikaaf fo ten days in e+ey $amadhaan#
on the yea in whi(h he (saw) was taken ("assed away) he made Itikaaf fo
twenty daysNN)
8aated by Al-<ukhaai (4D77)# Abu &aawood# An-8asaai# Ibn Maa-ah#
Ahmad# Ibn 2hu3aimah and Ad-&aaami)
6) Umm Salamah (a) said/
LL*hat the 9o"het (saw) made Itikaaf in the fist yea in the fist ten days#
then the middle ten and then the last ten and he (saw) said/ I was shown
Laylat-ul-1ad and then (aused to fo'et it so the Messen'e of Allah (saw)
(ontinued makin' Itikaaf in them (the last ten) until the Messen'e of Allah
(saw) "assed awayNN)
8aated by At-*abaaani in the book Al-Mu-am Al-2abee (HH7:46)) Al-
5aithami said/ Its Isnaad is 5asan and we mentioned it ealie in the (ha"te/
UStandin' fo 1iyaam in $amadhaan and in Laylat-ul-1ad)
7) Amah <int Abd-u-$ahmaan elated fom Aaisha (a) that she said/
LL*hat the Messen'e of Allah (saw) mentioned that he made Itikaaf in the
last ten of $amadhaan# Aaisha sou'ht "emission and he "emitted he and
5afsah asked Aaisha to seek "emission fo he so she did so and when
Iainab <int Jahsh saw that she odeed that a tent be "ut u" fo he) She
said/ ?hen the Messen'e of Allah (saw) used to "ay he would 'o to his
"la(e and he saw the tent and asked/ ?hats this@ *hey said/ *he buildin's
(tents) of Aaisha# 5afsah and Iainab so the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
&id they intend i'hteousness by this@ I am not makin' Itikaaf (now)# so he
etuned and when he had finished the fastin' he make Itikaaf in ten days of
ShawaalNN) 8aated by Al-<ukhaai (4D7;)# Maalik# Ahmad# Ibn 5ibbaan and
Ibn 2hu3aimah and it has been mentioned by us "e+iously) *he ten of
Shawaal hee efes to the fist ten as was mentioned in the naation fom
Muslim (44B;)# Abu &aawood and Al-<ayha,i) %n the authoity of Aaisha
(a) that she said/ LLPAaPisha (Allah be "leased with he) e"oted that when
the Messen'e of Allah (may "ea(e be u"on him) de(ided to obse+e iPtikaf#
he "ayed in the monin' and then went to the "la(e of his iPtikaf# and he
(ommanded that a tent should be "it(hed fo him# and it was "it(hed) 5e
(on(e) de(ided to obse+e iPtikaf in the last ten days of $amadan) Iainab (the
wife of the 5oly 9o"het) (ommanded that a tent should be "it(hed fo he) It
was "it(hed a((odin'ly) And some othe wi+es of AllahPs A"ostle (saw)
(ommanded that tents should be "it(hed fo them too) And they wee "it(hed)
?hen the Messen'e of Allah (saw offeed the monin' "aye# he looked and
found (so many) tents) *heeu"on he said/ ?hat is this +itue that these
(ladies) ha+e de(ided to a(,uie@ 5e (ommanded his tent to be stu(k and
abandoned iPtikaf in the month of $amadan and "ost"oned it to the fist ten
days of ShawwalNN) 5owe+e the ten fom Shawaal a((odin' to the
naation fom Al-<ukhaai is the last ten so in Al-<ukhaai (4D70) fom
Aaisha (a) that she said/ LL)))So when the Messen'e of Allah (saw) left
fom "efomin' Fa- he saw fou tents and said/ *ell me about whats 'oin'
on with them (i)e) about the wi+es settin' u" tents)) 5e said/ ?hat "o+oked
them to do this@ 9iety@ *ake them down so that I dont see them) *hey wee
taken down and he (saw) did not make Itikaaf in $amadhaan until he made
Itikaaf in the last ten of ShawaalNN)
;) Ibn Uma (a) said/
LL*hat Uma asked the 9o"het (saw)/ 5e said/ I made a +ow in Jaahiliyah
that I would make Itikaaf fo a ni'ht in Mas-id Al-5aaam@ 5e (saw) said/
Fulfil you +owNN)
8aated by Al-<ukhaai (4D64)# An-8asaai# Abu &aawood and Ad-
&aaa,utni) Al-<ukhaai (4D74) also naated fom Ibn Uma/ LL)))So the
9o"het (saw) said to him/ Fulfil you +ow/ So he made Itikaaf fo a ni'htNN)
*hese te.ts make (lea what we ha+e aleady said in the main "at of this dis(ussion
that Itikaaf is (oe(t and +alid in any day of the yea and what has been mentioned
in the te.ts about the o((uen(e of Itikaaf in the last ten days of $amadhaan has
only (ome to indi(ate the "efeen(e and 8adb (e(ommendation) and not moe than
that) *his is be(ause the se(ond and thid 5adeeth mentioned othe than the last ten
so in the se(ond 5adeeth it mentions twenty days and in the thid it mentioned the
fist ten and the middle ten and then the last ten) 5owe+e it is the fouth 5adeeth
that has made (lea in what it indi(ates in elation to the "emission of "efomin'
Itikaaf in othe than the last ten and indeed in othe than $amadhaan) And this is
be(ause the Messen'e of Allah (saw) "efomed Itikaaf in Shawaal with a diffeen(e
in the naations# one mentionin' the fist ten days of Shawaal and the othe
mentionin' the last ten) <oth these naations indi(ate that Itikaaf is "emitted in
othe than $amadhaan) As fo the fifth 5adeeth it has (ome in the most absolute
(Mutla,) way# whee it has not esti(ted Itikaaf to any time# whi(h indi(ates with a
(onfimin' meanin' that Itikaaf is "emitted in any day fom the days of the yea)
5owe+e I etun to say that Itikaaf in $amadhaan is bette than any othe time and
that "efomin' Itikaaf in the last ten of $amadhaan is bette than any othe time)
As fo the "efeen(e of Itikaaf in the last ten this is due to the seekin' of Laylat-ul-
1ad and what a Muslim (an 'ain by seekin' it and Allah (swt) 'antin' it to him then
thee is a benefit to him that has no e,ual in tems of ewad (and blessin's))
?hen does Al-Itikaaf be'in@
?e mean hee the time that the one "efomin' Itikaaf entes into the "la(e whee
he will "efom it and not the time that he de"ats)
*he Fu,ahaa ha+e two diffeent o"inions e'adin' the be'innin' of Itikaaf/ Isha,
Ibn $aahuwaih# Al-Aw3aai# Al-Laith and Ahmad in a e"ot fom him ha+e said that if
someone wants to "efom Itikaaf# he "ays Fa- and then entes the "la(e in whi(h
he will stay fo Itikaaf) *he othes who in(lude the thee Imaams and Ahmad in a
se(ond e"ot that if someone wants to "efom Itikaaf then he entes the "la(e in
whi(h he will stay befoe the sun sets (i)e) Ma'hib)) At-*imidhi said/ U?okin' u"on
this (+iew) some of the "eo"le of knowled'e said/ If someone wishes to "efom
Itikaaf he "ays Fa- and then entes the "la(e of his Itikaaf and this is the +iew of
Ahmad <in 5anbal and Isha, <in Ibaaheem) Some ha+e said/ If someone wants to
"efom Itikaaf then he sits in his "la(e afte the sun sets of the ni'ht in whi(h he
wants to make Itikaaf fo the ne.t day and this is the +iew of Sufyaan Ath-*hawi and
Maalik <in AnasV)
*he fist 'ou" dedu(ed thei +iew fom the 5adeeth of Aaisha (a) when she said/
LL*he 9o"het (saw) used to "efom Itikaaf in the last ten of $amadhaan# I would
"it(h a tent fo him and afte "ayin' Fa- he would ente itNN) $e(oded by Al-
<ukhaai (4D66)) Muslim (4>B;)# An-8asaai in As-Sunan Al-2ubaa# Abu &aawood#
At-*imidhi# Ibn Maa-ah and Ahmad e(oded it with the followin' wodin'/ LL*he
Messen'e of Allah (saw) used to when he wanted "efom Itikaaf "ay Fa- and then
ente the "la(e in whi(h he would stay)))NN)
As fo the se(ond 'ou"# in(ludin' the thee Imaams and Imaam Ahmad in one +iew
attibuted to him they said/ *he one "efomin' Itikaaf (al-Mutakif) entes his "la(e
of Itikaaf (Mutakaf) befoe the sun sets if he wants to "efom Itikaaf fo a month# o
ten days and they inte"eted the 5adeeth of Aaisha (a) by sayin' that the 9o"het
(saw) enteed his "la(e of Itikaaf and then inteu"ted it and then went into isolation
afte the monin' "aye and that he had been aleady stayin' in the Mas-id in Itikaaf
befoe the sun had setCC Ash-Shaafi said in his book Al-Umm/ U?hoe+e obli'es u"on
himself Itikaaf fo a month then he entes into it befoe the settin' of the sun and
e.its fom it when the sun sets at the end of the monthV)
And by takin' a (lose look at these two +iews it is "ossible to e(on(ile between
them) *he se(ond +iew of entein' befoe the settin' of the sun (an be esti(ted to if
the Mutakif wants to s"e(ify the day o ten days o month fo e.am"le that he
intends fo his Itikaaf) As Muslims +iew the be'innin' of the day with the (omin' of
the ni'ht afte Ma'hib) So the be'innin' of the day o be'innin' of the month be'ins
without doubt at the (omin' of the ni'ht so thei statement that the Mutakif entes his
Mutakaf befoe the settin' of the sun of the "e(edin' day is (oe(t without doubt)
And I do not belie+e that the fist 'ou" (ontadi(ts this +iew and the only eal
diffeen(e o dis"ute is in elation to the elian(e on the a(tion of the Messen'e of
Allah (saw)# did he be'in his Itikaaf at the be'innin' of the ni'ht o afte the monin'
"aye@
*he (oe(t +iew whi(h is ne(essay to 'o towads is that the Messen'e of Allah
(saw) had be'un his Itikaaf afte the Salaah of Fa- (Subh) and this (ame liteally in
the te.t and thee is no "oof fo o""osition to it with inte"etations whi(h ae fa off)
*he 5adeeth says (lealy/ LSo he "ayed As-Subh (fa-) and then enteed itN and he
said LIf he wanted to "efom Itikaaf he "ayed As-Subh and then enteed his
MutakafN) *his Mantoo, (liteal te.t) that says that Itikaaf be'ins afte Fa- is not
"ossible to be inte"eted with othe than what it 'uides to and says) *his would be
"ossible if instead it was said/ (?hen he "ayed Subh he etuned to his Mutakaf) o
(*hen he led the Muslims in Salaat-us-Subh and enteed u"on his Mutakaf a'ain)) If
it had (ome in this way then it (ould ha+e been an e+iden(e fo thei (laims howe+e
if it didnt (ome in this way and athe (ame in a (om"letely (lea s"ee(h/ LIf he
wanted to "efom Itikaaf he "ayed As-Subh and enteed his Mutakaf ("la(e of
stayin' in Itikaaf)N# then in this (ase it is ne(essay to sto" at these wods and do
not o""ose its meanin's with fa off inte"etations)
And I say hee at this "oint the followin'/ It is ne(essay not to undestand fom this
that Itikaaf is only (oe(t if be'un afte Salaat-ul-Fa- o befoe sunset) $athe -ust
as it is (oe(t and +alid to be'in Itikaaf afte the Fa- "aye o afte the sun has set
it is also (oe(t and +alid to stat at any time in the ni'ht and day) As fo what
"e(eded and what we ha+e dis(ussed of e+iden(es then this has only been in
es"onse to the o"inions of the Aimmah and Fu,ahaa and thei "o(ess of dedu(tion
and not moe than this) <e(ause the dis(ussion ea(hed the (on(lusion that the
Messen'e of Allah (saw) made Itikaaf at the end of Fa- does not indi(ate that it is
(om"ulsoy o that it is a Shat ((ondition) be(ause thee is no &aleel (e+iden(e) o
1aeenah (indi(ation) that has (ome indi(atin' (om"ulsion o obli'ation)
*he time "eiod of Itikaaf/
*he Aimmah and Fu,ahaa ha+e a'eed that thee is no u""e limit time "eiod fo
"efomin' Itikaaf and only diffeed in its lowe o lowest "emitted limit/ Al-5anafiyah
said that thee was a minimum time of a day# Al-Maalikiyah said a day and ni'ht and
Ash-Shaafi# Ahmad and Isha, ibn $aahuwaih said/ *he minimum is what is in(luded
in the wod Labth (stayin') without sti"ulation of 1uood (sittin')) *his last o"inion is
(oe(t and othe than this of s"e(ifyin' does not ha+e a &aleel fom the Shaa
whee thee is no te.t "esent that s"e(ifies the "eiod of Itikaaf# neithe a ma.imum
"eiod no minimum limit so the ode emains in its absolute fom without esti(tion)
As fo what has a""eaed in the Ahaadeeth in elation to the Messen'e of Allah
(saw) ha+in' "efomed Itikaaf fo ten days of $amadhaan o Shawaal o twenty
days# these do not a((ount fo moe than -ust des(ibin' what o((ued of ealities
(due to (i(umstan(es) and thee is not Mafhoom (undestandin') (onne(ted to this
and it is not obli'atoy to bind to this o is it (oe(t and +alid to "la(e any esti(tion)
Al-<ukhaai (4D64)# Abu &aawood# An-8asaai and Ad-&aaa,utni naated fom Ibn
Uma (a) that he said/ LL*hat Uma (a) asked the 9o"het (saw) sayin'/ I +owed
to make Itikaaf fo a ni'ht in Mas-id Al-5aaam in the time of Jaahiliyah@ 5e (saw)
es"onded/ Fulfil you oathNN) In anothe naation fom Al-<ukhaai (4D74) it was
said/ LL)))So the 9o"het (saw) said to him/ Fulfil you oath# so he (Uma) "efomed
the ItikaafNN) *his is a Saheeh e+iden(e that ne'ates the o"inion of Al-5anafiyah
that the minimum "eiod fo Itikaaf is a day be(ause a day in(ludes the daytime and
ni'ht) It also e"udiates the o"inion of the Maalikiyah when they say a day and a
ni'ht) ?ith that in mind we say that this e+iden(e does not allow us to limit it to less
than a ni'ht be(ause a'ain this was linked to a s"e(ifi( (i(umstan(e and eality) Ibn
Abi Shaibah e"oted (;D0:7) fom a Sahaabi Aalaa <in Umayyah (a) that he was
sayin' to his (om"anion/ L Lets 'o to the Mas-id and let us make Itikaaf fo an houN
and Abd-u-$a33aa, (BDD=) and Ibn 5a3m e"oted/ LI am 'oin' to stya in the
Mas-id fo an hou and I do not stay e.(e"t to "efom ItikaafN)*his is an Atha (not
5adeeth) whi(h (an be a((ommodated)
In li'ht of this I say/ Itikaaf is not s"e(ified to a time s"an so it is +alid to make Itikaaf
fo a month o two months -ust as it is +alid to do it fo one o two hous and as lon'
as this is the (ase then it is allowed to be'in it in the monin'# Ihoh time# at As o
afte Salaat-ul-Ishaa o at Fa- time without any "oblem in this o any Shai
"e+ention) *hee is no need to sti(k to the 'ou" that says that it be'ins at sunset o
afte Salaat-ul-Fa-) So Itikaaf as we undestood in the be'innin' is/ U*he stayin' in
the Mas-id fo a "eiod of time with a s"e(ifi( des(i"tion with the intention of 'ettin'
(lose to Allah (swt)V) It is a (lea definition as it de(laes a "eiod without ha+in'
"la(ed any esti(tion on it)
*he statement of Ibn 5a3m (omes to my mind hee when he said/ UAbu 5aneefah
said/ It is not "emissible fo somebody to "efom Itikaaf fo less than a day) Maalik
said/ Les than a day and ni'ht and then took this ba(k and said/ *hee is no Itikaaf
fo less than ten days and also he has the +iew (attibuted to him) that it is not less
than se+en days fom Jumah to Jumah) And all of these ae o"inions without a
&aleel (e+iden(e)V) Ibn 5a3m has indeed said the tuth that all of these +iews ae
without a &aleel)
Is fastin' a (ondition fo the (oe(tness and +alidity of Itikaaf@
It has been e"oted that Ibn Abbaas# Ibn Uma and Aaisha (ah) sti"ulated fastin'
as a (ondition of Itikaaf and Maalik <in Anas# Al-Aw3aai# Ath-*hawi and Ahmad in a
e"ot fom him a'eed with this o"inion) Abu 5aneefah a'eed with them but only in
the situation of an obli'atoy Itikaaf made with a 8adh (+ow) and othe than these
did not make fastin' a Shat ((ondition) of Itikaaf) It was e"oted fom Ali and Ibn
Masood (ah) that fastin' is not a (ondition fo Itikaaf and Ash-Shaafi# Al-5asan Al-
<asi# Isha, <in $aahuwaih and Ahmad in anothe e"ot attibuted to him a'eed
with this +iew) *hey said fastin' in Itikaaf is e(ommended (Mustahabb) only and not
obli'atoy with the meanin' that fastin' is not a (ondition fo the +alidity of Itikaaf) In
ode to make (lea the (oe(t +iew in this issue we will fist "esent the e+iden(es
(onne(ted to it/
0) Allah (swt) said/
Qq @-Tx B3P+ G+ )azp >@ 1><3 6+ aE>@ c0 hS \L 09s3 )4BL Qw*P+0 J+ -KV)F {D g/)eT>@
*hen (om"lete you fastin' until the ni'htfall and do not ha+e se.ual elations
with them whilst you ae in Itikaaf (Al-<a,aah/0B>)
4) Aaisha (a) said/
LL*hat the Messen'e of Allah (saw) used to "efom Itikaaf in the last ten of
$amadhaan until Allah (aused him to "ass away and then his wi+es made
Itikaaf afte himNN)
$elated by Al-<ukhaai (4D4;)# Muslim# Abu &aawood# An-8asaai and
Ahmad)
6) Aaisha (a) also e"oted that the 9o"het (sawD said
LL*hee is no Itikaaf e.(e"t with fastin'NN)
$e"oted by Ad-&aaa,utni (4DD:4)# Al-5aakim# Al-<ayha,i and Ibn Abi
Shaibah)
7) Ibn Uma (a) said/
LL*hat he asked the 9o"het (saw) about Itikaaf u"on him so he (saw)
odeed him to make Itikaaf and fastNN)
$e"oted by Ad-&aaa,utni (4DD:4)# Al-<ayha,i# Abu &aawood and Ibn
5a3m)
;) Ibn Uma (a) also e"oted/
LL*hat Uma (a) had made a +ow to make Itikaaf whilst a Mushik)(befoe
his Islaam) and to fast so he asked the 9o"het (saw) afte be(omin' Muslim
so he (saw) said/ Fulfil you oathNN)
8aated by Ad-&aaa,utni (4D0:4) and he +eified the Sanad ((hain) as
5asan)
=) Ibn Uma (a) said/
LL*hat Uma (a) asked the 9o"het (saw) sayin'/ I made a +ow in Al-
Jaahiliyah that I would make Itikaaf fo a ni'ht in Al-Mas-id Al-5aaam) 5e
(saw) said/ Fulfil you oathNN)
8aated by Al-<ukhaai (4D64)# Abu &aawood# An-8asaai and Ad-
&aaa,utni) In a se(ond e"ot (olle(ted by Al-<ukhaai (4D74) fom Ibn
Uma he e"oted/ L)))So the 9o"het (saw) said to him/ Fulfil you oath) So
he (Uma) made Itikaaf fo a ni'htN)
>) Ibn Abbaas (a) said that the 9o"het (saw) said/
LLFastin' is not u"on the Mutakif (one "efomin' Itikaaf# e.(e"t if he has
made it obli'atoy u"on himself (i)e) by a +ow)NN)
$elated by Ad-&aaa,utni (0HH:4) and Al-5aakim +eified it as Saheeh
Mafouan) Al-<ayha,i naated it and +eified it as Saheeh but sto""ed it at
Ibn Abbaas sayin' that it bein' Mafoo (aised to the 9o"het (saw)) is
unsubstantiated)
B) *he 5adeeth of Amaah <int Abd-u-$ahmaan fom Aaisha (a) whi(h has
been "e+iously ,uoted as numbe 7 in the se(tion/ (?hen is Itikaaf@) states/
LL)))So the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/ &id they seek "iety ('ood) fom
this@ I am not "efomin' Itikaaf (now) so he etuned) Afte he had finished
his fastin' (in $amadhaan) he made Itikaaf in ten fom ShawaalNN)
8aated by Al-<ukhaai (4D7;) and othe than him)
*he fist 'ou" used as the fist fi+e e+iden(es fo thei o"inion that fastin' is a
(ondition fo Itikaaf) *his 'ou" said that the statement of Allah (swt)/
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*hen (om"lete you fastin' until the ni'htfall and do not ha+e se.ual elations with
them whilst you ae in Itikaaf (Al-<a,aah/ 0B>)
In this Ayah thee is a mention of Itikaaf with fastin' and a (onne(tion between the
two) In e'ads to the se(ond e+iden(e they say that the fa(t that the Messen'e of
Allah (saw) used to make Itikaaf in the last ten of $amadhaan# then this indi(ates
that Itikaaf is inheently linked to fastin' be(ause the last ten of $amadhaan is when
Muslims ae fastin') As fo the thid# fouth and similaly the fifth e+iden(es they say
that thei te.tual meanin' is (lea in makin' fastin' a (ondition (shat) of Itikaaf)
As fo the se(ond 'ou" they su""ot thei o"inion of fastin' not bein' a (ondition of
Itikaaf on the followin' e+iden(es/ *he 5adeeth numbe = whi(h (ontains in its
wodin' the ode of makin' Itikaaf without the ode to fast# and that the ni'ht is not
the time fo fastin' and des"ite this the ode (ame to Uma to/ Fulfil you oath)
5adeeth numbe B says/ (5e "efomed Itikaaf in ten fom Shawaal) and Shawaal is
not a month of fastin') 5adeeth numbe > denies the obli'ation of fastin' e.(e"t
when it has been made obli'atoy by oneself# whi(h is a statement of Ibn Abbaas
and theefoe not a (shaa) e+iden(e) *he tuth is that the o"inion held by these is
(oe(t and that is due to the followin'/
*he 8oble Ayah does not in(lude anythin' that indi(ates the "esen(e of a bind
between the fast and Itikaaf and that one is a (ondition fo the o((uen(e of the
othe# so the +iew of these two bein' bound to'ethe is in(oe(t) *his is be(ause the
Ayah dis(usses the fast and "emission to ha+e se.ual elations in the ni'hts of
$amadhaan and that eatin' in the ni'ht sto"s when those fastin' (an see that Fa-
has (ome) Afte ha+in' stated that it is "emitted to ha+e se.ual elations in the ni'ht
the Ayah then (omes with a "ohibition u"on him (the fastin' "eson) whilst he is in
Itikaaf whi(h indi(ates the (ontinuan(e of the "emission (to ha+e se.ual elations)
in othe than this (ase) So this Ayah has mentioned a numbe of Ahkaam (ulin's)
whi(h ae elated to fastin' and Itikaaf# ea(h 5ukm (ulin') is diffeent to the othe
without the a""eaan(e of any bindin' link o elationshi" in the le'islatin' of these
Ahkaam)
As fo thei se(ond e+iden(e it indi(ates the "efeen(e of Al-Itikaaf in the last ten of
$amdhaan# and this es"e(ially so when we know that he (saw) used to sea(h and
look out fo Layalt-ul-1ad in the last ten and this attem"t to find Laylat-ul-1ad is
e(ommended and not obli'atoy and thee is nothin' in the 5adeeth that indi(ates
the esti(tin' of Itikaaf to these ten days) 5adeeth numbe B is an e+iden(e fo what
we ha+e said be(ause he (saw) mad Itikaaf in Shawaal althou'h Laylat-ul-1ad does
not fall in Shawaal and fastin' is not obli'atoy in it) *hey ha+e said ((laimed) that he
(saw) fasted in these days of Shawaal but we ha+e said that the te.ts ha+e not
mentioned fastin' and makin' this addition to the te.t (without e+iden(e) is not
"emitted) As fo the thid 5adeeth/ (*hee is no Itikaaf e.(e"t with fastin') then Ad-
&aaa,utni who e(oded it has said/ U*his was uni,ue (o alone in bein' e"oted)
fom Suwaid fom Sufyaan <in 5usainV and Al-<ayha,i who also naated it said/
USuwaid is &aeef and what is uni,ue to him is not a((e"tedV) Al-5aakim who
e(oded the 5adeeth as well said/ U*he two Sheikhs (Al-<ukhaai and Muslim) did
not use Sufyaan <in 5usain as a le'al (eliable) sou(eV) Ahmad (lassified him as
&aeef sayin' Matook (left:abandoned) and Al-<ukhaai said/ 5e is looked in to) So
the 5adeeth is &aeef and e-e(ted)
As fo the fouth 5adeeth (So he odeed him to make Itikaaf and to fast) Ad-
&aaa,utni who elated it said/ UIbn <adeel is alone in e"otin' this fo Amu# and he
is a &aeef e"ote of 5adeethV) Abu <ak An-8aisabooy said/ *his 5adeeth is
e-e(ted and added that Ibn <adeel is a weak (daeef) tansmitte) Ibn ha3m said/
U*his e"ot if not SaheehV) *his 5adeeth is theefoe &aeef and abandoned)
As fo the fifth 5adeeth (5e made a +ow to "efom Itikaaf whilst bein' a Mushik
and to fast)) Ad-&aaa,utni (lassified it as 5asan but Al-<ayha,i said/ U*he mention
of makin' a +ow to fast is Ghaeeb (stan'e) whi(h has been e"oted alone fom
Saeed <in <ashee fom Ubaidullah)) Abd-ul-5a,, said/ *his is uni,ue (alone) to
Saeed <in <ashee and he diffeed u"on) Ibn ul-Jaw3i (alssified this 5adeeth as
weak due to him and Abu Asha and Ibn 8umai said/ *he 5adeeth is e-e(ted -ust as
Ahmad and An-8asaai (lassified it as &aeef) So this 5adeeth is also weak and
e-e(ted) *his in addition to the fa(t that Al-<ukhaai in his two naations (about this
in(identD did not (ontain a mention about fastin' so the wod (fasted) has not been
"ese+ed in the Ahaadeeth As-Saheehah and is theefoe abandoned) In
(on(lusion# we say that it is not (oe(t to say o is thee any (onsideable e+iden(e
that makes fastin' a Shat ((ondition) fo the +alidity and (oe(tness of Itikaaf) ?ith
that the fa(e of tuth has been made (lea in this Masala whi(h is that Itikaaf is a
se"aate a(t of ibaadah fom that of fastin' and is +alid with o without it)

?hat the Mutakif (an do and what he (ant do (whilst in Itikaaf)/
*he Ulamaa ha+e a'eed that it is "emitted fo the Mutakif to lea+e the Mas-id to
"efom a ne(essay need# whi(h in(ludes usin' the toilet# +omitin'# "efomin'
Ghusl and ?udoo and what is simila to this and if he was to do this it would not
in+alidate the Itikaaf) *hey disa'eed howe+e in othe than his/ Ath-*hawi# Ash-
Shaafi and Ahmad in a e"ot attibute to him +iewed that the Mutakif (ould lea+e to
+isit the si(k and attend a Janaa3h if he had sti"ulated it at the be'innin' of his
Itikaaf whethe the Itikaaf was waa-ib like the Itikaaf made u"on a +ow o not waa-ib)
Isha, a'eed to this if Itikaaf was not obli'atoy but not if it was obli'atoy in whi(h
(ase it would not be +alid) Maalik and Al-Aw3aai said/ *hee is no (ondition atta(hed
to Itikaaf and Saeed Ibn Jubay# Al-5asan Al-<asi# An-8akhi and Ahmad in anothe
e"ot attibuted to him ha+e said that the Mutakif (an +isit the si(k and attend the
Janaa3ah without any "e+ious sti"ulation and this has also been attibuted to Ali
(a)) Ibn 5a3m said/ !+ey obli'ation of a Muslim# the Itikaaf does not "e+ent him
fom e.itin' it to "efom it and it does not ham the Itikaaf) Simila to this is what Ibn
1udaamah said/ 5e (an 'o out to that whi(h Allah (swt) has obli'ed u"on him) 5e
"emitted the e.it to obtain food and dink if thee is nobody who (an bion' it to him)
Abu 5aneefah# Maalik and Ash-Shaafi said/ It is not "emitted fo the Mutakif to
lea+e Mutla,an (absolutely) be(ause his lea+in' in+alidates the Itikaaf e+en if it was
little) Abu Aousuf and Muhammad ibn-ul5asan the two (famous) students of Imaam
Abu 5aneefah said/ It does not (ou"t the Itikaaf as lon' as it is not fo lon'e than
half a day be(ause (seekin') the ease is "adonable)
Similaly they also diffeed in whethe the Mutakif (an lea+e to "efom As-Salaat-ul-
Jumah if Jumah is not "efomed in the Mas-id in whi(h he is makin' Itikaaf) Abu
5aneefah# Maalik and Ahmad held the o"inion that he lea+es to "efom Jumah and
by doin' so it does not in+alidate his state of Itikaaf) *hee ae two o"inions to Ash-
Shaafi and the most (oe(tly attibuted +iew of his/ 5is Itikaaf is in+alidated by
'oin' out to "efom Jumah unless he had "e+iously sti"ulated it and then esumes
his Itikaaf)
As fo inside the Mutakaf ("la(e of itikaaf) i)e) inside the Mas-id# most of the Ulamaa
ha+e a'eed that the Mutakif is not allowed to (ondu(t tade o ean fom his effots
absolutely whilst in Itikaaf) Ash-Shaafi said thee is no "oblem if the Mutakif buys
and sells and sews (lothin') Ibn 1udaamah e"oted the +iew of Ahmad/ 8o buyin'
o sellin' e.(e"t fo what is ne(essay)
*he (oe(t o"inion whi(h it is ne(essay to take is the +iew that it is "emitted fo the
Mutakif to 'o out to fulfil his needs whi(h ae ne(essay fo him with esti(tin' them
whethe he had sti"ulated them o not# and his Itikaaf is not (ou"ted by this) *hee
is no need to list all of these essential needs be(ause they ae not fi.ed and diffe
fom one "eson to anothe# and one time to the ne.t so if the Mutakif 'oes out one
(old day to bin' somethin' to wam him u" o 'oes out on a hot day to bin' a fan
then this would not (ause his Itikaaf to be ne'ati+ely affe(ted# and it is suely a i'ht
of the Mutakif indeed an obli'ation (waa-ib) to 'o out to "efom As-Saalat-ul-
Jumah) 5is Itikaaf is not in+alidated by it and if he heas news that his son (fo
e.am"le) has been in a (a a((ident and needs to be tans"oted to the hos"ital#
then he (an lea+e fo that eason and does not in+alidate his Itikaaf and what is
simila to this))) As fo the e.itin' fom the Mas-id without an u'ent need then thee is
no doubt that this in+alidates the Itikaaf)
As fo inside the Mas-id# then whate+e is (nomaly) fobidden to take "la(e in it is
likewise fobidden fo the Mutakif and what isnt fobidden fo him then the Mutakif
(an do it without that ha+in' an effe(t on the +alidity of his Itikaaf and we say this
a'ain without listin' the "emitted a(tions be(ause they ae moe than (an (easily)
be enumeated o witten on one o two "a'es) *he followin' ae a (olle(tion of te.ts
that ae (onne(ted to this Masala (issue)/
0) Allah (swt) says/
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And do not ha+e se.ual elations with them while you ae makin' Itikaaf in
the Masaa-id# these ae the limits of Allah so do not a""oa(h them) In this
way Allah makes "lain his Ayaat to men so that they may attain *a,wa (Al-
<a,aah/ 0B>)
4) Aaisha (a) said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) used to lean his head out whilst in Itikaaf
and I would (omb (his hai) whilst I was in my mensesNN)
$e"oted by Al-<ukhaai (4D4B)# Abu &aawood# Ibn Maa-ah and Ahmad with
diffeen(es in the e."essions:wodin')
6) Aaisha (a) said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) used to let his head in while he was in the
Mas-id and I would (omb his hai) ?hen he was in Itikaaf he would not ente
the house e.(e"t in the (ase of a need (5aa-ah)NN)
8aated by Al-<ukhaai (4D4H)# Muslim# Abu &aawood# An-8asaai# Ahmad
and At-*imidhi)
7) Ali <in 5usain e"oted fom Safiyah the wife of the 9o"het (saw) that she
told him/
LL*hat she a""oa(hed the Messen'e of Allah (saw) to +isit him when he
was in Itikaaf in the Mas-id in the last ten days of $amadhaan# she s"oke
with him fo an hou then stood to lea+e so the 9o"het (saw) stood with he
and a((om"anied heNN)
8aated by Al-<ukhaai (4D6;)# Muslim# Abu &aawood# An-8asaai# Ibn
Maa-ah and Ahmad)
;) Aaisha (a) said/
LL*he 9o"het (saw) used to "ass by the si(k whilst he was in Itikaaf) 5e
would "ass by like he would and would not sto" to ask about himNN)
$e(oded by Abu &aawood (47>4) and Al-<ayha,i)
=) Aaisha (a) said/
LLIf I ente the house fo a need and thee is a si(k "eson thee# then I do
not ask about him e.(e"t as I am "assin') She said/ *he Messen'e of Allah
(saw) did not ente the house e.(e"t fo a need# when they wee in ItikaafNN)
$e(oded by Ibn Maa-ah (0>>=) and Ahmad# Al-<ayha,i and Ibn 2hu3aimah
with diffeen(es in the wodin')
>) Aaisha (a) said/
LL*he Sunnah fo the Mutakif is that he does not +isit the si(k# attend the
Janaa3ah (funeal) o tou(h# fondle and ha+e elations with his wife# and not
to lea+e e.(e"t to fulfil a need whi(h is ne(essay) *hat thee is no Itikaaf
e.(e"t with fastin' and thee is no Itikaaf e.(e"t in a Jaami Mas-idNN)
$elated by Abu &aawood (47>6))
In elation to the *afsee of the 8oble Ayah (numbe 0) Ibn Abbaas (a) said/ UAl-
Mubaashaah (fondlin')# Al-Mulaamasah (tou(hin') and Al-Mass (tou(h) all mean
se.ual inte(ouse# and Allah 'i+es names to thin's as he wishesV as e(oded by Al-
<ayha,i and othes beside him) ?e ha+e dis(ussed this e+iden(e "e+iously in the
se(tion (?hee is Itikaaf "efomed@)) Ibn ul-Mundhi e"oted that thee was a
(onsensus that se.ual inte(ouse is what is meant hee by Al-Mubaashaah)
*he se(ond and thid 5adeeth ae simila both illustatin' that the Mutakif e.ited his
head fom the Mas-id inode to tidy u" and (omb the hai and in anothe naation
fom Al-<ukhai (4D60)/ LLAnd I washed it whilst I had mensesNN whi(h indi(ates the
"emissibility fo washin'# (leanin' and to tidy the a""eaan(e) *he thid 5adeeth is
(lea in meanin' that it is "emitted to lea+e fo a need and it is a'eed u"on hee
that the 5aa-ah (need) means usin' the toilet and its like)
As fo the fouth 5adeeth indi(ates the "emission to meet the Mutakif# sit and talk
and then walk with them to say 'oodbye) 5is (saw) statement/ LSo the 9o"het (saw)
stood and a((om"anied heN meant that he walked with he in he etun home fom
meetin' him) As fo the fifth 5adeeth naated by Abu &aawood it in(ludes Laith <in
Abi Saleem who Ahmad# Aahya <in saeed# Abu 5aatim# Ibn Moeen# Ibn ul-Madani
and othe than them ha+e (lassified as weak# so this 5adeeth is left and abandoned)
As fo the si.th 5adeeth it indi(ates the "emission to lea+e fo a need (5aa-ah) and
Ibn Shihaab e."lained it with usin' the toilet) Ibn 5a-a said/ *hee as an a'eement
about thei e.(lusion (<awl and Ghaait (uine and e.(ement)) but they ha+e
disa'eed in othe than that)
As fo the se+enth 5adeeth Abu &aawood said afte e"otin' it/ U8o one othe than
Abd-u-$ahman bin Isha, said/ She said/ As-Sunnah) Abu &aawood said/ 5e made
this a statement of AaishaV) Ad-&aaa,utni said/ UIt is fom the Sunnah of the
Mutakif)))*his is not a statement of the 9o"het (saw) and it is fom the s"ee(h of A3-
Iohi and whoe+e in(ludes it in the 5adeeth is deluded# And Allah 2nows (best))
And 5isham <in Suleymaan has not been mentionedV) So this is to be (onsideed the
statement of Aaisha (a) and he statements ae not a Shaeeah &aleel whi(h it is
obli'atoy to take es"e(ially as many of the Sahaabah ha+e 'i+en Fatawa whi(h ae
o""osite to he statement) Ibn Abi Shaibah (;DD:7) e"oted fom Ali (a) the
statement/ LIf a man makes Itikaaf# he (an attend Jumah# +isit the si(k# attend the
Janaa3ah and do 'et his family to ode them with a need whilst he is theeN) And if
the statements of the Sahaabah ae (ontadi(toy o diffe then this indi(ates that
they ae thei own undestandin's and I-tihaadaat and it is not obli'ed to take them
e.(e"t and only if we wish to make *a,leed to thei o"inion# so whoe+e wishes to
make *a,leed (imitation and ado"tion) to Aaisha o Ali (an do so)
So I see that the tuth is +isitin' the si(k and attendin' the Janaa3ah ae not of the
obli'atoy essential needs (5aa-aat &aooiyah) whi(h allow the Mutakif to e.it fo
and they ae only e(ommended (Mandoobaat) a(tions whi(h it is not allowed fo the
Mutakif to lea+e fo) As fo what has been fobidden to do inside the Mas-id then it is
"ossible to efe to my book (Al-Jaami LiAhkaam-is-Salaah) in the se(ond "at in the
study of U*he mannes of the Mas-id) in (ha"te two)
Makin' I-tihaad (utmost effot) in the last ten of $amadhaan/
It has been mentioned in the followin' Ahaadeeth/
0) Aaisha (a) said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) would e.et his utmost (itahada) fo the last
ten days like he did not do in anythin' elseNN)
$e"oted by Muslim (4>BB)# An-8asaai# At-*imidhi# Ibn Maa-ah and Ahmad)
4) Aaisha (a) said/
LL?hen the Messen'e of Allah (saw) would ente into the last ten he would
stay awake at ni'ht# wake his family# in(ease his seiousness and isolate the
womenNN)
8aated by Muslim (4>B>)# Al-<ukhaai# Abu &aawood# An-8asaai# Ibn
Maa-ah and Ahmad)
6) Ali (a) said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) would when entein' into the last ten wake
u" his family and aise the Mi3aa) It was said to Abi <aky <in Ayaash (one
of the naatos)/ ?hat is Al-Mi3aa@ 5e e"lied/ 5e isolated the womenNN)
8aated by Ahmad (00D6)# Ibn Abi Shaibah# Al-<ayha,i and Abu Aala) At-
*imidhi naated it and said/ U*his 5adeeth is 5asan saheehV)
So these 8oble Ahaadeeth indi(ate that I-tihaad (e.etin' ones utmost effot) in
Ibaadah (a(ts of woshi") in the last ten days of $amadhaan has been le'islated as
well as to stay awake and to en(oua'e the family to wake u" in ode to obtain and
ea" what Allah (swt) has "omised to his se+ants of 'oodness and ewad in them)
*he Itikaaf of women/
*he followin' Ahaadeeth ha+e been e(oded elated to this issue/
0) Aasha (a) said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) used to make Itikaaf in the last ten of
$amadhaan until Allah (aused him to "ass away) *hen his wi+es made
Itikaaf afte himNN)
8aated by Al-<ukhaai (4D4;)# Muslim# Abu &aawood# An-8asaai and
Ahmed) ?e mentioned this 5adeeth ealie in the se(tion of (*he 5ukm
(ulin') of Itikaaf)# hadeeth numbe 0)
4) Aaisha (a) said/
LL%ne of the wi+es of the Messen'e of Allah (saw) made Itikaaf with him#
she saw ed and yellow (dis(ha'e) so we (ould ha+e "la(ed a dish unde he
when she was "ayin'NN)
8aated by Al-<ukhaai (4D6>)# Abu &aawood# An-8asaai# Ibn Maa-ah and
Ahmad)
And in anothe +esion fom al-<ukhaai (6DH) fom Aaisha (a)/ LL%n(e one
of the wi+es of the 9o"het (saw) made Itikaaf with him and she was 'ettin'
bleedin' in between he "eiods) She used to see blood and "eha"s "la(e a
dish unde he fo the bloodNN)
6) Amaah <int Abd-u-$ahman e"oted fom Aaish (a) that she said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) mentioned that he would make Itikaaf in the
last ten of $amadhaan# so I sou'ht his "emission (to also "efom it) and he
allowed me) *hen 5afsah asked sisha to seek "emission fo he so she did
so and when Iainab <int Jahsh saw this she odeed that a tent be ee(ted
fo he) She said/ *he Messen'e of Allah (saw) used to 'o to his tent ("la(e
of Itikaaf) afte "ayin' Fa- and then he saw the tents and said/ ?hats this@
*hey said/ *he tents of Aaisha# 5afsah and Iainab) So the Messen'e of
Allah (saw) said/ ?ee they seekin' i'hteousness with this a(t@ I am not
makin' Itikaaf (now) so he etuned and when he had finished fastin' he
made Itikaaf in ten of ShawaalNN)
8aated by Al-<ukhaai (4D7;)# Maalik# Ahmad# Ibn 5ibbaan and Ibn
2hu3aimah and we ha+e "e+iously mentioned it in the se(tion/ U*he 5ukm
(ulin') of Itikaaf) hadeeth numbe 7)
*hese thee te.ts indi(ate the "emissibility of women "efomin' Itikaaf# and fo
sue in a "la(e that is isolated fom the men in the Mas-id and the thid 5adeeth
indi(ates that the woman does not "efom Itikaaf e.(e"t afte seekin' he
husbands "emission) If she wee to do it without his "emission then he (an make
he lea+e and e+en if he has allowed he he (an still (ause he to lea+e by e+okin'
his "emission and this is what the ma-oity ha+e said and it is (oe(t) *his is
be(ause Itikaaf is Mandoob (e(ommended) and if it had been obli'atoy then why is
it allowed fo the husband to "e+ent he) It is in(oe(t what Ahl-u-$ai (the "eo"le
of $ai) ha+e said/ If the husband has allowed he to "efom Itikaaf then he is sinful
if he then "e+ents he# and this is also an o"inion attibuted to Maalik)
*he 5anafiyah ha+e sti"ulated the (ondition that the woman should "efom Itikaaf in
the Mas-id of he house fo it to be (oe(t and this o"inion is e-e(ted by the thid
5adeeth) Ahmad said in a e"ot attibuted to him/ She (an "efom Itikaaf in the
Mas-id with he husband and this is an o"inion whi(h no one has disa'eed with and
this did not (ome in the fom of a Shat ((ondition) meanin' that it didnt (ome
sayin'/ *hat she (an "efom Itikaaf in the Mas-id on the (ondition that it is with he
husband) So the o"inion that says it is (onditional is mistaken and does not ha+e a
&aleel to su""ot it and the thid 5adeeth e-e(ts this be(ause the wi+es of the
Messen'e of Allah (saw) had ee(ted tents s"e(ifi(ally fo themsel+es) And the fist
hadeeth says/ (*hen his wi+es made Itikaaf afte him (afte his death (saw))) whi(h
meant that they did this by themsel+es without thei husband the Messen'e of Allah
(saw)) As fo the se(ond 5adeeth it indi(ates in its liteal te.t and meanin' (Mantoo,)
that the Mustahaadah (the one who has bloody dis(ha'e outside of hee menses
due to illness et()))) is "emitted to "efom Itikaaf and atta(hed and in(luded to this
is the (ontinuin' o((uen(e like someone who leaks uine (un(ontollably)# o has a
wound that dis(ha'es as lon' as she does not be(ome im"ue by it o makes the
Mas-id im"ue)
In ou (uent time the Itikaaf of the woman has +itually (om"letely sto""ed so we
no lon'e see women "efomin' Itikaaf and indeed we ha+e seen that men ha+e
+itually sto""ed this "a(ti(e in ou (uent time and we do not see it in a (lea way
e.(e"t in the 8i'ht of Laylat-ul-1ad and that may only be fo one o two hous i)e)
stayin' in the mos,ue with the intention of Itikaaf and this (ontinues to ha""en due
to its ease) And I say that if the woman is a wife o if she has small (hilden then
none othe than he beas the es"onsibility of se+in' them so he Itikaaf is left due
to this es"onsibility and not allowed fo he) *his is be(ause when the obli'ation
(lashes with the e(ommended a(tion it be(omes obli'atoy to "efom the waa-ib
and lea+e the mandoob and thee is no doubt that se+in' the needs of he husband
and (hilden is obli'atoy u"on a woman and is theefoe "ioitised o+e the
e(ommended a(t of Itikaaf)
Fha"te *wel+e
Iakaat-ul-Fit/
It is also (alled Sada,at-ul-FitO the two names ha+e a""eaed in the 8oble
Ahaadeeth and be(ome wides"ead in the books of Fi,h) Sada,at-ul-Fit o Iakaat-
ul-Fit is a Iakaah like the othe obli'atoy Iaakawaat and it is a ty"e fom amon'st
the ty"es of Iakaah and has theefoe been "la(ed by the Fu,ahaa in the (ha"te of
Iakaah) I ha+e howe+e "efeed to "la(e it hee in the (ha"te of As-Sawm due to
its (onne(tion with it -ust as I ha+e in(luded a numbe of othe to"i(s whi(h ha+e a
elationshi" to fastin' des"ite thee bein' "la(ed in diffeent (ha"tes of Fi,h
odinaily) I ha+e done this as (an be seen fom the title of this book I wanted to
(olle(t all of the s"e(ifi( Fi,h elated to fastin' so this book Al-Jaami LiAhkaam-is-
Siyaam was intended to be (om"ehensi+e in dealin' with the Ahkaam of Siyaam#
in(ludin' all of its ules with the aim of hel"in' the eade to be able to +iew all of the
Ahkaam fom one sou(es)
Sada,at-ul-Fit o Iakaat-ul-Fit has been indi(ated in the 8oble <ook of Allah (swt)
and it is in(luded in all of the Ayaat that use the tem Iakaah) At-*abai naated in
his *afsee (0;=:6) fom Abu 2haldah that he said/ UI enteed u"on Abu Aaliyah and
he said to me/ ?hen you 'o out fo !id tomoow "ass by me) 5e said/ So I "assed
by him and 5e said/ 5a+e you eaten anythin'@ I e"lied/ Aes) 5e said/ 5a+e you had
wate@ I e"lied/ Aes) 5e said/ So tell me what did you do in e'ads to you Iakaah@
I said/ I addessed it (I'a+e it out)) 5e said/ I only wanted you fo this then he ead/ (
@B 5( -M .V' @.y ~ &)) (Meily the one who "uifies himself (with
Iakaah) has been su((essful and emembes the name of his Lod and "ays)) And
he said/ *he "eo"le of Al-Madinah ha+e not seen a Sada,ah bette than it# and the
dinkin' of wateV) Ibn Al-1udaamah said in Al-Mu'hni/ USaeed <in Al-Musayyib and
Uma Ibn Abd-il-A3ee3 said in elation to the Ayah/ ( @.y ~ &) It (on(ens
Iakaat-ul-Fit)
It has been named Iakaat-ul-Fit be(ause the Fit (beakin' of fast) afte the Fast is
its Sabab ((ause) o be(ause it be(omes obli'atoy u"on the Fit)
*he 5ukm (ulin') of Iakaat-ul-Fit/
Ibn ul-Mundhi said that it has been e"oted fom the "eo"le of knowled'e that
Iakaat-ul-Fit is Fad (obli'atoy)) *his statement is not "e(ise and what Isha, said
is moe a((uate/ *he obli'ation of Al-Fit is like an I-maa) *his is be(ause it has
been e"oted fom some of the late followes of Imaam Maalik# &aawood and some
of the Shaafiiyah that it is Sunnah and they inte"eted what has been found in the
Ahaadeeth that the wod Faada (to obli'ate) means 1addaa (to estimate) taken
fom its oi'inal Aabi( meanin') *he Ma-oity ha+e said (howe+e) that Iakaat-ul-Fit
is Fad)
*he tuth is that Iakaat-ul-Fit is Fad (obli'atoy)# fistly be(ause it is a Iakaah fom
the foms of Iakawaat# se(ondly be(ause the te.t has made it obli'atoy so when the
wod (faada) (omes in an e+iden(e it is then obli'atoy to take its Shaeeah
meanin' whi(h is ?aa-ib and not to 'o to its lin'uisti( meanin') ?hat has been
established (in meanin's) by the Shaa dominates lin'uisti( (onsideations so any
wodin' used in the te.ts must fist be e."lained by its Shaa meanin')
0H) Abdullah Ibn Uma (a) said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) en-oined (Faada) the "ayment of one SaaPa
of dates o one SaaPa of baley as Iakaat-ul-Fit on e+ey Muslim sla+e o
fee# male o female# youn' o old# and he odeed that it be "aid befoe the
"eo"le went out to offe the P!id "aye) (%ne SaaPa ` 6 2ilo'ams a""o.))
8aated by Al-<ukhaai (0;D6)# Muslim# Abu &aawood# An-8asaai# At-
*imidhi# Ibn Maa-ah and Ad-&aaami with diffeen(es in the wodin'
(Alfaa3h))
4D) Ibn Uma (a) said/
LL*he 9o"het (saw) made in(umbent on e+ey male o female# fee man o
sla+e# the "ayment of one SaaPa of dates o baley as Sada,at-ul-Fit (o said
Sada,a-$amadan))R *he "eo"le then substituted half SaaPa of wheat fo
that)))NN)
8aated by Al-<ukhaai (0;00)# Ahmad and Ibn 2hu3aimah)
40) Ibn Abbaas (a) said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) "es(ibed (Faada) Iakaat-ul-Fit as a
"uifi(ation fo the fastin' "eson fom em"ty and obs(ene talk and fo
feedin' the "oo) If anyone "ays it befoe the "aye (of P!id)# it will be
a((e"ted as Iakaah) If anyone "ays it afte the "aye# that will be a sada,ah
like othe Sada,aatNN)
8aated by Abu &aawood (0=DH)# Ibn Maa-ah and Ad-&aaa,utni) Al-5aakim
elated it (7DH:0) and (lassified it as Saheeh and Adh-&hahabi (onfimed this)
44) Amu <in Shuaib fom his fathe fom his 'andfathe (a)/
LL*hat the 9o"het (saw) sent a (alle (allin' out into the (owds of Makkah/
Meily Sada,at-ul-Fit is obli'atoy (waa-ib) on e+ey Muslim/ Male o female#
fee o sla+e# youn' o old) *wo Mudd of wheat o e,ui+alent to a Saaa of
foodNN)
8aated by At-*imidhi (==H) and he said/ U*his 5adeeth is 5asan GhaeebV)
Ad-&aaa,utni naated it and was silent fom it)
*hese Saheeh Ahaadeeth whi(h ae +alid le'al "oofs mention that Sada,at-ul-Fit is
obli'atoy sayin' that it is Fad in the fist thee and ?aa-ib in the fouth 5adeeth)
Indeed the thid 5adeeth says/ L?hoe+e dis"oses of it befoe the Salaah then it is
a((e"ted as Iakaah and whoe+e dis"oses of it afte the Salaah then it is a Sada,ah
fom amon'st the Sada,aatN) *his statement is of the most (lea to indi(ate that
Iakaat-ul-Fit is obli'atoy)
Some of the Fu,ahaa ha+e lat(hed on to a 5adeeth naated by 1aisd <in Sad
whi(h they say indi(ates that Iakaat-ul-Fit is no lon'e obli'atoy afte it had been
fo a "eiod of time# that it indi(ates that the obli'ation has been abo'ated)
*his is the 5adeeth/ 1ais Ibn Sad (a) said/ LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw)
(ommanded us with Sada,at-ul-Fit befoe the e+elation of Iakaah so afte it
Iakaah had been e+ealed he did not ode us o fobid us (fom 'i+in' Al-Fit) and
we 'a+e it (anywayNN)
8aated by Ibn Maa-ah )0B4B)# An-8asaai# Ahmad# Ibn 2hu3aimah and Al-<ayha,i
in a Saheeh (hain) So we say to those (who ha+e used this e+iden(e) the followin'/
*his 5adeeth is not a "oof fo you moe than it is a "oof fo ou +iew) *he 5adeeth
indi(ates in its Mantoo, (liteal (lea meanin') that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) had
odeed it befoe the (ules of Iakaah) wee e+ealed and this 5adeeth (om"aes it
with Iakaah to indi(ate that it is Iakaah and would theefoe take its ulin') *hey
would not o""ose it# as lon' as it takes the 5ukm of Iakaah and is in(luded unde
the 5ukm of the ?u-oob (obli'ation) of Iakaah without any dis"ute amon'st the
Muslims) Fo this 5ukm to be nullified it e,uies a te.t and the te.t (e+iden(e) they
ha+e used hee does not indi(ate the abo'ation that they ha+e (laimed) *he
5adeeth/ LSo when A3-Iakaah was e+ealed he did not ode us o fobid us and we
"efomed itN indi(ates that the 5ukm emained and that no (han'e o((ued in
tems of odein' o fobiddin' with the (ontinuation of a(tin' a((odin' to it by the
Muslims) As fo the (laims of 8uskh (abo'ation) they ae <aatilah (false and in+alid)
and had 8uskh been intended the 5adeeth would ha+e been woded (somethin'
like)/ ?e had been fobidden# o he did not obli'e u"on us# o whoe+e of you wishes
then he (an do so o lea+e it) ?hen he (saw) did not say anythin' and the situation
emains as it was in tems of a(tin' in a((odan(e to it# then this is of the (leaest
indi(ated meanin's that the 5ukm emains u"on ?u-oob (obli'ation)) *his is when it
is known (as a (lea and basi( undestandin') that it is not obli'atoy (o ne(essay)
u"on the 9o"het (saw) to e"eat his le'islati+e statements fom time to time)
So A3-Iakaah is Mafoodah and ?aa-ibah and the 5anafiyyah ha+e said that it is
?aa-ibah but not Mafoodah due to the 1aaidah ("in(i"le) they ha+e to distin'uish
between the Fad and ?aa-ib) *his obli'ation has (ontinued fom its be'innin' until
this day based on the well known Usooli 1aaidah of Al-Istihaab and thee is no "oof
of any +alue fo those who say that it has been abo'ated o that it is e(ommended)
*he time of its obli'ation/
As fo the time of its obli'ation# it be'ins at the settin' of the sun in the last of the
days of $amadhaan o at the be'innin' of Laylat-ul-Fit (*he ni'ht of Fit)) *his is
be(ause this Iakaah is Iakaat-ul-Fit and Fit be'ins at the end of fastin' and fastin'
ends when the sun sets in the last of the days of $amadhaan) *his is the o"inion of
Maalik in one e"ot# AshDShaafi# Ahmad# Ath-*hawi and Isha, <in $aahuwaih) It is
(oe(t fo the one who s"e(ifies this o"inion and a(ts a((odin' to it whi(h is
diffeent to the o"inion of Abu 5aneefah# Al-Laith <in Sad# Abu *haw and Maalik in
anothe e"ot attibuted to him) *hey say that the obli'atoy time be'ins at the isin'
of the sun (Fa-) of the day of !id with the (laim that Al-Fit does not o((u until that
time and that Al-Fit does not o((u at ni'ht be(ause it isnt time fo fastin') In li'ht of
this I say the followin'/
*his issue is of su(h (laity that it is not ne(essay fo thee to e.ist any dis"ute in
elation to it) ?e fast the month of $amadhaan at the end of the month and make
Iftaa (Fit) at the end of it and the end of the month ha""ens when the sun sets in its
last day) *heefoe we the Muslims (onside that the day# any day# be'ins with the
settin' of the sun on the day that has "e(eded it so we (onside that the ni'ht
"e(edes the day in (al(ulatin' the days so the day of Jumah fo e.am"le be'ins
when the sun sets on *husday (Al-2hamees) so when the sun 'oes down on
*husday# Fiday (Jumah) be'ins) *heefoe any o"inion that 'oes a'ainst this way
of (al(ulatin' is not (onsideed) <ased on this the month of $amadhaan finishes
when the sun sets on its last day and Shawaal be'ins whi(h is the be'innin' of Fit
and due to this Salaat-ul-t-*aaaweeh is not "ayed in that ni'ht be(ause it is not
fom $amadhaan) As su(h it be(omes e+ident that the Fit whi(h is the (ause of the
Iakaah o((us at the time of the sun settin' on the last day of $amadhaan)
As fo the +iew that Al-Fit does not o((u without the isin' of the sun at Fa- on the
day of !id# it (aies no "oof fo ou issue be(ause Al-Fit has o((ued with the
be'innin' of Shawaal# meanin' that the (ause of A3-Iakaah has o((ued whi(h is
the o((uen(e o (omin' of Al-Fit) *he +iew of the o((uen(e of Al-Fit o the non-
o((uen(e of it does not ha+e an effe(t on the a(tual o((uen(e of Al-Fit and does
not affe(t the "esen(e of the sabab fo 'i+in' A3-Iakaah whi(h is the o((uen(e of
Al-Fit in itself# so the im"otant thin' is as(etainin' the e.isten(e of Al-Fit and it has
been (onfimed and as(etained with the endin' of the fast and the month of fastin'
ends at the moment in whi(h Shawaal be'ins) In (on(lusion atta(hin' the 'i+in' of
A3-Iakaah to the a""eaan(e of Al-Fit is a (lea mistake whi(h is ne(essay to mo+e
away fom)
*he time of e.ta(tin':'i+in' it (Iakaat-ul-Fit)/
*he fou Aimmah and othes ha+e disa'eed in definin' the time fo e.ta(tin' it in
the followin' way/ Abu 5aneefah has "emitted e.ta(t the Iakaat-ul-Fit in ad+an(e#
befoe $amadhaan and e+en if two yeas befoe) Maalik said it is not "emitted to
ad+an(e this Iakaah fom its time and it is obli'atoy to 'i+e it in its time simila to
Salaah) Ash-Shaafi said that it is allowed to e.ta(t it fom the fist day of
$amadhaan) Ahmad said it is allowed befoe the day of !id by one o two days) *he
ma-oity ha+e said/ It is e(ommended to e.ta(t it befoe the Salaah of !id and it is
"emitted to e.ta(t it at the end of the day of !id)
All ha+e a'eed that the obli'ation does not fall by delayin' it and emains a debt
until it is "aid and it is not allowed to delay it "ast the day of !id with the e.(e"tion of
what was e"oted fom Muhammad <in Seeeen and Ibaheem An-8akhi that it is
allowed to delay it "ast the day of !id) Ahmad said/ I e."e(t that thee would be no
"oblem in that) Ibn $uslaan said/ It is 5aaam with a'eement be(ause it is Iakaah
so it is obli'atoy that sin o((us with its delay -ust as it would do if Salaah was
"ayed outside of its time)
In ode that we (an make (lea the (oe(t +edi(t in this issue of ous it is ne(essay
to "esent and bin' foth the te.ts (e+iden(es) that ae elated to it/
07) Abdullah Ibn Uma (a) said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) en-oined (Faada) the "ayment of one SaaPa
of dates o one SaaPa of baley as Iakaat-ul-Fit on e+ey Muslim sla+e o
fee# male o female# youn' o old# and he odeed that it be "aid befoe the
"eo"le went out to offe the P!id "aye) (%ne SaaPa ` 6 2ilo'ams
a""o.))NN)
8aated by Al-<ukhaai (0;D6)# Muslim# Abu &aawood# An-8asaai# At-
*imidhi# Ibn Maa-ah)
0;) Ibn Uma (a) said/
LL*hat the Messen'e of Allah (saw) odeed that the Sada,at-ul-Fit should
be "aid befoe the "eo"le 'o out fo "ayeNN)
8aated by Muslim (44BH)# Abu &aawood# At-*imidhi# Ahmad and Ad-
&aaami)
0=) Ibn Abbaas (a) said/
LLIt is fom the Sunnah that Sada,at-ul-Fit is 'i+en befoe the SalaahNN)
8aated by Ibn Abi Shaibah (=D:6) and Ad-&aaa,utni)
0>) 8aafi e"oted fom Ibn Uma (a) that he said/
LL*hat the Messen'e of Allah (saw) odeed the 'i+in' of Iakaat-ul-Fit
should be "efomed befoe the 'oin' out (to the Mas-id) of the "eo"le and
that Abdullah use to 'i+e it befoe that by a day o twoNN)
Ibn 5ibbaan (64HH) and Ad-&aaa,utni)
0B) 8aafi said/
LL*hat Abdullah Ibn Uma used to 'i+e Iakkat-ul-Fit to those who 'atheed
by him befoe Al-Fit by two o thee daysNN)
8aated by Imaam Maalik (46B:0)) Ibn Abi Shaibah (00;:6) used the
followin' wodin'/ L5e used to 'i+e Iakaat-ul-Fit to those who needed it fo
a day o two and did not see a "oblem with thatN)
0H) Abu Masha e"oted fom 8aafi fom Ibn Uma (a) said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) made Iakaat-ul-Fit Fad (obli'atoy)/
9o+ide (eni(h) them in this dayNN)
8aated by Ad-&aaa,utni (0;6:4)) Al-<ayha,i in "at of a lon' hadeeth
(0>;:7) e"oted/L)))9o+ide fo them so they do not ha+e to 'o out (lookin'
fo it ("o+ision)) on this dayN) Ibn Sad naated fom Muhammad Ibn Uma
Al-?aa,idi)
4D) Ibn Abbaas (a) said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) obli'ed (faada) Iakaat-ul-Fit as a
"uifi(ation fo the fastin' "eson fom false and +ile s"ee(h and also as
feedin' fo the "oo (Masaakeen)) ?hoe+e "efoms it befoe the Salaah
then it is a((e"table Iakaah and whoe+e 'i+es it afte the Salaah then it is a
Sada,ah fom amon'st the Sada,aatNN)
8aated by Abu &aawood (0=DH)# Ibn Maa-ah# Ad-&aaa,utni and Al-
<ayha,i) $elated by Al-5aakim (7DH:0) and +eified by him and Adh-&hahabi
(onfomed it)
40) Abdullah Ibn *halabah <in Suai Al-Udhi said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) addessed is s"ee(h two days befoe Al-Fit
sayin'/ Gi+e a Saaa of <u o 1amh (wheat) between two o a Saaa of
*am (dates# o a Saaah of Shaee (baley) and this (obli'ation) is u"on
e+ey fee man# sla+e# youn' and oldNN)
$elated by Ahmad (47D=6)# Abu &aawood# Ad-&aaa,utni# At-*abaaani and
At-*ahaawi with a (hain (isnaad) with tustwothy tansmittes) Ad-&aaa,utni
also e"oted it fom anothe "aty sayin'/ Fom Abdullah <in *halabah <in
Suai fom his fathe)
*he thid 5adeeth is of the e"ots of 5u--aa- <in Ataa who has been (lassified as
&aeef by many and is theefoe left) *he si.th 5adeeth is fom Masha as elated by
Ad-&aaa,utni and Al-<ayha,i and fom Muhammad <in Uma Al-?aa,idi a((odin'
to Ibn Sad in his *aba,aat (list of e"ots) and they ae both +ey weak (&aeef) and
the 5adeeth is e-e(ted (left) fom both e"otes) So thee emains with us si.
Ahaadeeth that ae suitable to be used as a (le'al) "oof and fo makin' dedu(tions)
*hese Ahaadeeth ha+e e."lained the time fo 'i+in' the Iakaah# whi(h is befoe the
Salaah o befoe the e.itin' of the "eo"le to the "la(e of Salaah without the
Ahaadeeth ha+in' mentioned that this is the be'innin' time fo handin' out the
Iakaah) All of the Ahaadeeth ha+e mentioned the end time fo handin' out the
Iakaah whi(h is the Salaah of !id-ul-Fit but did not mention its be'innin' time) ?e
theefoe say that it is obli'atoy (waa-ib) on e+ey Muslim to hand out his Iakaah
befoe he "ays the !id Salaah and not to "ay until he has 'i+en his Iakaat-ul-Fit)
As fo handin' it out a lon' time befoe the Salaah o a shot time then this has not
been s"e(ified by the Ahaadeeth and in the (ase whee a te.t has not mentioned it
then it is left fo the Muslim himself to de(ide the time) 5e (an theefoe distibute it
-ust befoe the Salaah# the ni'ht of !id (befoe the Salaah) and he (an also 'i+e it
befoe that by a lot and a little so the oom hee is wide)
As fo what was mentioned in the fouth 5adeeth (*hat Abdullah used to 'i+e it
befoe that by a day o two) this is not a limitation o s"e(ifyin' to the ealiest time of
distibutin' it but athe this only efle(ts the (hoi(e of Ibn Uma to do so at this time)
So -ust as it was a i'ht of Ibn Uma to (hoose this time then it is also allowed fo
someone to (hoose a time that is befoe o afte this)
*he fifth 5adeeth that says/ (*hat Ibn Uma distibuted Iakaat-ul-Fit to those who
'atheed aound him befoe (the day of) Al-Fit by two o thee days) naated by
Maalik and fom Ibn Abi Shaibah that/ (*hat he would 'i+e the Iakaat-ul-Fit a day o
two days (befoe Al-Fit) to those who sat with him and he did not see a "oblem in
that)) ?hat is indi(ated that the Muslims would 'athe and e(ei+e the Iakaat-ul-Fit
two o thee days befoe the Salaah (of !id Al-Fit)# the meanin' of this in the
des(i"tion 'i+en is not bindin' u"on anyone) *hee is no indi(ation and meanin' in
this des(i"tion (of what Ibn Uma did) that (ontains (om"ulsion and athe
e"esents what is allowed to do in o'anisin' the 'i+in' of the Iakaat and what is
e,uied in tems of o'anisin' its time and "efoman(e) It does not indi(ate moe
than this# so whoe+e wants to o'anise the distibution of Iakaah then thee is no
doubt that he needs to (hoose a time fo this but this does not mean that this time
be(omes the time that has been le'islated) If we look at the statement of Ibn Uma
(And he did not see a "oblem with that) it indi(ates in a (lea meanin' that the
s"e(ifi(ation of a time fo the takin' of Iakaah is not le'islated and bindin' othewise
the statement of Ibn Uma would ha+e no meanin'# indeed how would this statement
be "emissible@
*he ei'hth 5adeeth that mentions/ (*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) addessed us two
days befoe Al-Fit sayin'/ Gi+e Saaan of wheat)))) also is not (ounted as a te.t that
s"e(ifies the be'innin' of the time fo the 'i+in' of the Iakaah) It athe only
mentions the time in whi(h the Messen'e of Allah (saw) le'islated Iakaat-ul-Fit and
thee is a bi' diffeen(e between a te.t about the time of the obli'ation and that
(on(ened with the time of announ(in' the ulin' (5ukm)) So the Messen'e of Allah
(saw) e."lained the ulin' of Iakaat-ul-Fit and odeed its 'i+in' and this o((ued
two days befoe the day of Al-Fit) Meanin' that he odeed the 'i+in' of Iakaat-ul-
Fit and (hose the time fo announ(in' this 5ukm two days befoe Al-Fit and that
this te.t does not indi(ate any s"e(ifi(ation at all fo the be'innin' of distibutin' the
Iakaah# whi(h is not hidden fom the awae and "e(ise "eson) In (on(lusion all of
the (Shaeeah) te.ts ha+e not s"e(ified the time fo e.ta(tin' and 'i+in' Iakaat-ul-
Fit and the ulin' is as a esult wide (not (onstained) so that the Muslim (an
(hoose the suitable time fo himself to 'i+e this Iakaah)
Finally I say that Iakaat-ul-Fit is Iakaah and its Ahkaam (ules) ae the same e.(e"t
fo whee an e.(e"tion has been mentioned and it has been mentioned 'eneal in
Salaah that it is "emitted 'eneally to ad+an(e it) It has been naated by Ali (a)/ LL
*hat Al-Abbaas asked the Messen'e of Allah if he (ould 'i+e his Iakaah befoe its
time in ad+an(e and so he (saw) "emitted him to do thisNN) 8aated by At-*imidhi
(=>6)# Abu &aawood# Ibn Maa-ah# Ahmad and Ad-&aaa,utni and no e.(e"tion o
abo'ation has been mentioned that effe(ts the 'eneality of this te.t and theefoe
emains 'eneal) At-*imidhi (=>6) said in elation to the e"otin' of this 5adeeth/
U*he "eo"le of knowled'e (Ahl-ul-Ilm) ha+e disa'eed in elation to ad+an(in' the
'i+in' of Iakaah befoe its time) A 'ou" of the "eo"le of knowled'e said that it is not
allowed to ad+an(e it and this is the +iew of Sufyaan Ath-*hawi) 5e said/ It is bette
that it is not ad+an(ed ('i+en ealy)) Most of the Ahl-ul-Ilm howe+e ha+e said that
ad+an(in' it befoe its time is suffi(ient and this is what Ash-Shaafi# Ahmad and
Isha, saidNN) And whee Sada,at-ul-Fit is (onsideed as Iakaah then this o"inion in
elation to Iakaah also a""lies to it)
As fo the Ahaadeeth that say that the Iakaah should be 'i+en befoe the e.itin' of
the "eo"le fo Salaah then thee is no doubt that it is s"e(ifyin' (lealy and makin'
bindin' the last time fo e.ta(tin' o 'i+in' it out) *he wodin' of the se+enth
5adeeth is/ L?hoe+e dis(ha'es it befoe the Salaah then it is Iakaah Ma,boolah
(a((e"ted) and whoe+e dis(ha'es it afte the Salaah then it is a Sada,ah fom
amon' the a(ts of Sada,ahN) *his is abundantly (lea in s"e(ifyin' the final o last
time fo dis"osin' (of the Iakaah) and so as to e."lainin' the bindin' natue of this
and obli'ation (?u-oob) it (omes with the statement that whoe+e dis(ha'es it afte
the Salaah then it is (-ust) a Sada,ah fom amon'st the a(ts of Sada,ah# meanin'
that it -ust be(omes a e(ommended and e.ta a(t and does not (ount as the
obli'atoy Iakaah) *heefoe fo the Iakaat-ul-Fit to emain in the status of the
obli'atoy Iakaah then it is not +alid to delay it to afte the time of As-Salaat-ul-!id
and this *akhee (delay) is sinful) <uilt u"on this the +iew of delayin' it until the day
of !id o the last day of !id is in+alid and in(oe(t whi(h efle(ts the o"inion of the
ma-oity)
As fo the statement that the Fu,ahaa ha+e a'eed that the obli'ation of the Iakaah
does not fall due to delayin' and that it emains a debt until it is fulfilled# I do not
e'ad it as (oe(t as the se+enth 5adeeth elates and es"onds to this) 5ow is it
"ossible to "efom this obli'atoy Iakaah afte Salaat-ul-!id with a non-obli'atoy
Sada,ah@ *his is be(ause the se+enth 5adeeth says in a (lea fom/ L)))?hoe+e
"efoms it afte the Salaah then it is Sada,ah fom amon'st the a(ts of Sada,ahN)
*his means that afte the Salaah the 'i+in' is no lon'e (onsideed Iakaat Al-Fit
and is athe only (onsideed a Sada,ah like any othe 'i+in' of Sada,ah) So is the
dis"ensin' of a non-obli'atoy Sada,ah at this time (onsideed as the 'i+in' of the
obli'atoy Iakaat-ul-Fit@
<ased on what has been said "e+iously we say that the Shaa has detemined the
end time fo dis"ensin' of the Iakaat-ul-Fit whi(h is Salaat-ul-!id and has not
detemined its be'innin' time so that the Muslim (an (hoose the time that he +iews
best fo 'i+in' this Iakaah) 5e (an theefoe dis"ose of it two days befoe !id o a
week o e+en by a month and thee is no ham in any of this) Aes had the si.th
5adeeth been Saheeh we (ould ha+e e.ta(ted an Illah (le'al easonin') fo
ad+an(in' the dis"ensin' of the Iakaah by a few days fom the Salaah so that the
Iakaah does not 'et im"lemented amon'st the Masaakeen on the day of !id (itself)#
howe+e this 5adeeth is +ey weak and it is not +alid to be used as a le'al e+iden(e)
?ho is Iakaat-ul-Fit obli'atoy u"on@
Iakaat-ul-Fit is obli'atoy u"on e+ey Muslim without e.(e"tion# so it is obli'atoy
u"on the i(h and "oo# the old and youn'# the male and female# the fee and sla+e
and the one who fasted and didnt fast) So it is ?aa-ib on e+ey Muslim and
Muslimah and thee is no e.(e"tion fo this within the te.ts and not esti(tion to this
'eneal and unesti(tin' 5ukm (ulin')) 5ee ae a (olle(tion of the e+iden(es that
e."lain this 5ukm/
>) Ibn Uma (a) said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) obli'ed Iakaat-ul-Fit of a Saaa of dates o
baley u"on the sla+e and fee "eson# the male and female as well as the
youn' and old fom amon'st the Muslims)))NN)
8aated by Al-<ukhaai (0;D6) and othes) *his 5adeeth has been
"e+iously mentioned in the se(tion/ U*he 5ukm of Iakaat-ul-FitV)
B) Abu Saeed (a) said/
LL?e use to take the Iakaat-ul-Fit whilst the Messen'e of Allah (saw) was
amon'st us fom e+ey youn' and old "eson and e+ey fee "eson and
sla+e)))NN)
8aated by Al-Imaam Muslim (44B;)# Al-<ukhaai and Ad-&aaami)
H) Muma elated fom A3-Iuhi fom Abd-u-$ahman Al-Aaa- fom Abu
5uaiah that he said/
LLIakaat-ul-Fit is u"on e+ey fee "eson and sla+e# male and female# youn'
and old# i(h and "oo) A Saaa of dates (*am) o half a Saaa of wheat
(1amh)) Muma said/ It ea(hed me fom A3-Iuhi that it (the 5adeeth) was
MafooanNN)
$e"oted by At-*ahaawi (7;:4)# Abd-u-$a33aa, and Al-<ayha,i) Ahmad
(>>0D) naated the followin' Laf3h (wodin')/ LFom Abu 5uaiah in elation
to Iakaat-ul-Fit/ Fom e+ey fee "eson and sla+e# male and female# youn'
and old# "oo and i(h# a Saaah of *am (dates) o half a Saaa of 1amh
(wheat)) Muma said/ It has ea(hed me fom A3-Iuhi that this was
Mafooan to the 9o"het (saw)N) Its Sanad ((hain) is Saheeh)
0D) $elated fom Amu <in Shuaib# fom his fathe fom his 'andfathe (a) that
he said/
LL *hat the 9o"het (saw) sent a (alle out to the 5u--aa- of Makkah ((allin')/
Meily Sada,at-ul-Fit is ?aa-ib (obli'atoy) on e+ey male and female
Muslim# fee and sla+e# youn' and old) *wo Mudd of ?heat o its e,ui+alent
Saaa of foodNN)
8aated by At-*imidhi (==H) and he said/ U*his 5adeeth is Ghaeeb 5asanV)
Ad-&aaa,utni naated it and was silent u"on it)
*he te.tual meanin' (&alaalah) of these Ahaadeeth is (lea) %nly the statement/
(and it is obli'atoy u"on who has fasted and who has not) e,uies a shot e+iew) I
say/ *his statement is e.ta(table fom all of the Ahaadeeth when they mention the
female in 'eneality and the female beaks he fast due to he 8ifaas ((hild-bith
bleedin') and des"ite this she still must may Iakaah) Also when the Ahaadeeth
mention the 2abee (olde "eson) 'eneally this in(ludes the one who has not fasted
but fed (Masaakeen) in its "la(e and Iakaah is obli'atoy u"on him -ust as when it
mentions the Sa'hee (youn') whi(h in(ludes the baby and not yet matue who do
not fast o may not fast and yet the Iakaah is obli'atoy u"on them) All of this
theefoe indi(ates in (etain meanin' that A3-Iakaah is obli'atoy u"on the one who
has fasted and the one who has not and theefoe the Iakaah is obli'atoy u"on
e+ey Muslim without any e.(e"tion)
As fo what has been e"oted fom Abu 5aneefah# Ath-*hawi# Isha,# An-8akhi and
Ataa that/ Iakaat-ul-Fit is obli'atoy u"on the 2aafi (disbelie+e) if he is a sla+e#
and 2aafiah (disbelie+in' woman) who is maied to a Muslim) *his o"inion is a
mistake and the te.ts e-e(t it and they ha+e only elied u"on some te.ts (fo thei
o"inion) whi(h ae/
4;) Aaak <in Maalik said/ I head Abu 5uaiah sayin' that the Messen'e of
Allah (saw) said/
LL*hee is no sada,ah u"on the sla+e e.(e"t Sada,at-ul-FitNN)
8aated by Muslim (44>=)# Ahmad and Ibn 2hu3aimah)
4=) Ibn Abbaas (a) said that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/
LLSada,at-ul-Fit is taken fom e+ey youn' and old# male and female# -ew
and Fhistian# fee and sla+e) 5alf a Saaa of <u (wheat) o a Saaa of *am
(dates) o a Saaa of baley (Shaee)NN)
$e"oted by Ad-&aaa,utni (0;D:4))
4>) *he ahaadeeth that was -ust mentioned ealie/ Lu"on the sla+e and fee
"esonN# numbe 0 and Lfom e+ey youn' and old and fee and sla+eN#
numbe 4 and Lfom e+ey fee and sla+eN numbe 6 and Lfee and sla+eN
numbe 7)
May Allah fo'i+e them# they used as e+iden(e Ahaadeeth that (ame in the 'eneal
fom and did not take noti(e of the s"e(ifi(ation of this fom and it is well known as an
ob+ious matte that the s"e(ifi( woks with it (the 'eneal Aam) and that the Aam is
(aied o+e the 2haass (s"e(ifi() so in the fist 5adeeth thee was a s"e(ifi(ation/
Lfom the MuslimsN and in the fouth 5adeeth/ LU"on e+ey Muslim Male and
female# fee and sla+eN and this s"e(ifi(ation is as (lea as the Sun in the sky) So
the sla+e if he is Muslim is obli'ed with the Iakaah and the wife also as an e.am"le
if she is a Muslimah is obli'ed with this Iakaah and theefoe the non-muslim sla+e
and wife ae e.(luded fom this) In addition Iakaah is an a(t of Ibaadah (woshi")
and Ibaadah is not +alid fom a 2aafi (disbelie+e) be(auses its Shat is Islaam (i)e)
bein' a Muslim)) So the sla+e that is mentioned (in(luded) hee is the Muslim sla+e
(ayin' the Aam o+e the 2haas)
As fo the se(ond 5adeeth it is a ston' "oof fo thei o"inion# that is if it was
Saheeh o 5asan howe+e it is not a +alid 5adeeth to be used as a "oof to be
woked with) Ad-&aaa,utni the naato of the 5adeeth said/ USalaam At-*aweel is
e-e(ted in hadeeth and it (the hadeeth) is not linked to othe than himV) An-8asaai
said/ U*he 5adeeth is e-e(tedV and Aahya <in Moeen said/ UI do not e(od his
hadeethV) Ibn Eul-Mudaini (lassified it as +ey weak and Ibn ul-Jaw3wi (onsideed it
fabi(ated) <ased on this# whee is thee I-tihaad fo what they ha+e "ut fowad in
this o"inion@ &id they a""ly this I-tihaad in font of the 5adeeth whi(h was naated
by Ibn Uma (a) when he said/ LL*hat the Messen'e of Allah (saw) made the
Iakaat-ul-Fit of $amadhaan obli'atoy u"on e+ey "eson of the Muslims# the fee
and sla+e# the man and woman# the youn' and old) A Saaa of *am o a Saaa of
Shaee (<aley)NN whi(h was naated by Muslim (44B4)# Ibn 2hu3aimah# Ibn
5ibbaan# Al-<ayha,i and Ad-&aaa,utni) And the "oof hee is de(isi+e and
iefutable)
In elation to what was e"oted fom Muhammad <in Al-5asan Ash-Shayaati# a
(om"anion of Abu 5aneefah# his o"inion that As-Sada,ah is not obli'atoy u"on the
youn' and the o"inion of 5asan Al-<asi# Aami Ash-Shabi and Saeed <in Al-
Musayyib that the Iakaah was obli'atoy only u"on the one who had fasted usin' as
an e+iden(e the 5adeeth we mentioned "e+iously in the se(tion Uthe time of
e.ta(tin':dis"ensin' it) numbe > whi(h said/ L)))Iakaat-ul-Fit is a "uifi(ation fo
the fastin' "eson fom false and dity talk)))N whi(h was naated by Abu &aawood
(0=DH) and othes) *hen in es"e(t to these two +iews all of the Ahaadeeth e-e(t
them# as the youn' has been mentioned blatantly in many Ahaadeeth and it is not
allowed to hold a +iew whi(h (ontadi(ts that) And in elation to Iakaat-ul-Fit bein'
"uifi(ation fo the fastin' "eson# then this is e.(luded and o+e(ome othewise all of
the Ahaadeeth that mention the "eson who is not fastin' would be e-e(ted# and
these "eo"le ae not sayin' that)
As fo the obli'ation itself then who does it fall u"on@ Maalik# Ash-Shaafi# Ahmad# Al-
Laith Ibn Sad# Isha, <in $aahuwaih say that the obli'ation falls u"on the husband
fo his wife wheeas Abu 5aneefah# Ath-*hawi and Ibn-ul-Mundhi fom the
Shaafiyah say that the obli'ation falls u"on the wife)
*he (oe(t +iew is that Iakaat-ul-Fit is the e.ta(tion of money o the s"endin' of
money# and Infaa, (s"endin') falls u"on the husband of the wife -ust as it does in
es"e(t to a man and his youn' son and his eldely fathe as well as all of those who
he is obli'ed to s"end u"on fom his family# wi+es and (hilden) Iakaat-ul-Fit is fom
amon'st these 8afa,aat (s"endin') and it falls u"on the one who su""ots his
de"endents without a e'ad to thei ty"es) 5owe+e this is not the "la(e to del+e into
this issue and we will suffi(e ousel+es to mention a numbe of Ahaadeeth that 'uide
to what we ae sayin'/
h) *he Ahaadeeth whi(h mention the Sla+e and the Aoun'# and these two
(annot 'i+e the Iakaah# eithe due to the sla+e not "ossessin' money o due
to the i'noan(e of the youn' and be(ause he is not le'ally es"onsible
befoe the Shaeeah (Mukallaf))
i) 8aafi naated fom Ibn Uma (a) that he said/
LL*he 9o"het (saw) made in(umbent on e+ey male o female# fee man o
sla+e# the "ayment of one SaaPa of dates o baley as Sada,at-ul-Fit (o said
Sada,a-$amadan))R *he "eo"le then substituted half SaaPa of <u (wheat)
fo that) Ibn PUma used to 'i+e dates (as Sada,at-ul-Fit)) %n(e thee was
s(a(ity of dates in Medina and Ibn PUma 'a+e baley) PAnd Ibn PUma used to
'i+e Sada,at-ul-Fit fo (on behalf of) e+ey youn' and old "eson) 5e e+en
used to 'i+e on behalf of my (hilden) Ibn PUma used to 'i+e Sada,atul-Fit
to those who had been offi(ially a""ointed fo its (olle(tion) 9eo"le used to
'i+e Sada,at-ul-Fit (e+en) a day o two befoe the P!idNN)
8aated by Al-<ukhaai (0;00)# Ahmad and Ibn 2hu3aimah) An-8asaai
(7=0;) naated the fist "at of it only) 5ee Ibn Uma (a) used to 'i+e on
behalf the youn' and the old to the e.tent that he e+en 'a+e on behalf of
8aafis (hilden the naato of this 5adeeth and 8aafi had "e+iously been a
sla+e of Ibn Uma and this a(tion of Ibn Uma is fo the one who has been
'i+en "emission to do it)
-) Ayaad <in Abdillah e"oted fom Abu Saeed Al-2hudi (a) that he said/
LL?hen the Messen'e of Allah (saw) was amon'st us we used to take out
Iakaat-ul-Fit on behalf of the e+ey youn' and old# fee and sla+e# a Saaa of
food)))NN)
8aated by Muslim (44B7)# Abu &aawood# Ibn Maa-ah# At-*imidhi and Ibn
2hu3aimah) 5is statement/ (fom (on behalf of e+ey youn' and old# fee and
ensla+ed "eson) is (lea in meanin' and it doesnt say/ *hat the youn' and
old fee and ensla+ed (themsel+es) 'a+e the Iakaah)
k) Abu 5uaiah (a) said ("e+iously mentioned)/
LLIakaat-ul-Fit fom e+ey fee and sla+e# male and female# youn' and old#
i(h and "oo# Saaa of *am# o half a Saaa of 1amh (whea))))NN)
$elated by At-*ahaawi (7;:4) and othe than him) So the wodin' (an) fom
e+ey fee and ensla+ed et())) and not sayin' (Alaa) u"on e+ey fee and
ensla+ed))) is also (lea in meanin' and the te.ts that do mention (Alaa)
U"on do not ham o take away fom this undestood meanin' as they
mention who the obli'ation falls u"on and we do not deny this but athe only
say that the obli'ation of dis(ha'in' it falls u"on the one who is finan(ially
es"onsible fo those he is (ha'ed with)
l) Uwah naated/
LLAsmaa <int Abi <ak (ah) told him that in the days of the Messen'e of
Allah (saw) she used to 'i+e on behalf of he family# the fee fom amon'st
them# the sla+es with two Mudds of 5intah(wheat) o a Saaa of *am by
Mudds o with a Saaa of what (ould be taded withNN)
8aated by At-*ahaawi (76:4) and the meanin' hee is (lea and ston')
*he ,uestion emains/ Is it a (ondition that the one who 'i+es out the Iakaah to be
i(h o is it obli'atoy u"on e+ey Muslim "oo o i(h and also what is the limit of
wealth that obli'es them with its 'i+in':"ayin'@ Abu 5aneefah said/ It is a (ondition
fo the one who 'i+es the Iakaah to be Ghani (i(h:wealthy) a((odin' to the Shaa
(definition)) Maalik# Ash-Shaafi# Ahmad# Isha, and Ataa said/ *hat he must be in
"ossession of food fo a day and ni'ht)
Abu 5aneefah and his followes made analo'y between Iakaat-ul-Fit and Iakaah
and theefoe obli'ed what is sti"ulated u"on the 'i+e of Iakaah to the one who
'i+es Iakaat-ul-Fit in tems of the e.isten(e of wealth and "ossession of the 8isaab
(amount of wealth sti"ulated to 'i+e Iakaat)) As fo Maalik# Ash-Shaafi and Ahmad
<in 5anbal they elied u"on the 5adeeth of Sahl <in Al-5an3haliyah whee the
Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/ LL)))*he one who asks (be's) and he has what is
suffi(ient fo him then he only seeks in(ease fom the (oals of Jahannam (hellfie))
*hey asked/ % Messen'e of Allah what is suffi(ient fo him@ 5e e"lied/ If he has of
food fo lun(h and dinneNN) 5ee ?aw (and) is used and not Aw (o)) So they
said/ It is a (ondition that he has enou'h food fo the day and ni'ht)
*he tuth howe+e if that they all missed the (oe(t +iew) Abu 5aneefah and his
"eo"les +iew is e-e(ted by the 5adeeth of Abu 5uaiah that we mentioned ealie in
the heat of ou dis(ussion) It mentions/ LIakaat-ul-Fit (is taken) fom e+ey fee
"eson and sla+e# male and female# youn' and old# i(h and "oo)))N and this is a
Saheeh 5adeeth and it is not allowed to (ontadi(t it with a 5ukm based on
easonin' o analo'y whee as it is well known that thee is no i-tihaad in "la(e of a
te.t so the "oo is fom amon'st those u"on who Iakaat-ul-Fit is obli'ed to be taken
fom based on the te.t so thee is no -ustifi(ation fo 1iyaas u"on the one who 'i+es
Iakaah)
As fo Maalik# Ash-Shaafi and Ahmad and who is with them in this issue then thei
+iew is also e-e(ted whee this 5adeeth obli'es Iakaat-ul-Fit u"on the "oo without
definin' the limit of "o+ety) *he 5ukm theefoe (ame in a 'eneal (Aam) way and it
is not allowed to s"e(ify it with the A,l (eason) o with 1iyaas u"on the one who
asks the "eo"le and be's as they ae two diffeent issues)
Fom anothe an'le I say that the 5adeth of Sahl <in Al-5an3haliyah has mentioned
that the one who "ossess food fo lun(h and dinne is Ghani (i(h:suffi(ient) and said
in anothe way that the "eson who has food fo lun(h and dinne is i(h) So thei
o"inion that it is obli'atoy u"on the one who has food fo a day and ni'ht to 'i+e
Iakaat-ul-Fit means in effe(t that they ha+e obli'ed Iakaat-ul-Fit u"on the i(h and
not u"on the "oo in a situation whee the te.t has obli'ed it u"on the "oo (Fa,ee)
as it has u"on the i(h# so what ae they sayin'@ So thei +iew that obli'es it u"on the
one that has food fo a day and ni'ht E someone who is Ghani E is in o""osition to
the te.t that obli'es it also u"on the "oo) 5ad the te.t only mentioned the i(h and
not the "oo then thei study would ha+e been in the i'ht "la(e and (oe(t in natue
but as the te.t did not e.(lude the "oo "eson (Fa,ee) then it is not in the (ase
(oe(t o +alid to e.(lude him)
*hen thee is the 5adeeth of Shuaib fom his fathe fom his 'andfathe whi(h At-
*imidhi naated whi(h was mentioned in the heat of ou dis(ussion in this issue
whi(h says/ LIndeed Sada,at-ul-Fit is obli'atoy u"on e+ey Muslim)))N) And the
5adeeth of Ibn Uma whi(h was elated by Muslim amon'st othes and was also
mentioned ealie that says/ LMeily the Messen'e of Allah (saw) obli'ed Iakaat-ul-
Fit o Iakaat-u-$amadhaan u"on e+ey one of the Muslims# the fee and
ensla+ed)))N) *hese affim what we ha+e said and theefoe the Fa,ee is in(luded in
the te.t be(ause he is fom amon'st the Muslims theefoe whoe+e has made an
e.(e"tion of the Fa,ee fom the obli'ation of Iakaat-ul-Fit then he has done so
fom te.ts that ae 'eneal without a le'al Shaa standin' to su""ot it)
So in (on(lusion I say that Iakaat-ul-Fit is Ibaadah (a(t of woshi") elated to the
woshi""e himself and not like the othe foms of Iakaah linked to wealth whee the
"oo and i(h ae distin'uished so any Muslim who has a body Iakaat-ul-Fit is
obli'ed u"on him without ant s"e(ifi(ation o esti(tion)
As fo the one who does not ha+e the amount of Iakaat-ul-Fit it is (oe(t that he is
"adoned due to his la(k of ability# and the obli'ation is lifted fom him) *his howe+e
is a diffeent issue to the (i(umstan(es that they ha+e talked about and this is
be(ause the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/ L)))If I ha+e odeed you with a thin'
then "efom it to the best of you (a"abilityNN as naated by Al-<ukhaai (>4BB)#
Muslim and othes fom Abu 5uaiah (a)) So whoe+e has (owns) the amount of
Iakaat-ul-Fit then it is obli'atoy fo him to 'i+e it out and whoe+e does not then
thee is nothin' obli'ed u"on him)
*he (ate'oies (of food et()))) that (an be 'i+en as Iakaat-ul-Fit/
Fistly thee is no ,uestion that those (ate'oies that ha+e been mentioned in the
Ahaadeeth ae "emissible to be 'i+en (as Iakaat-ul-Fit)) *he fist and foemost ty"e
is *am (dates)# many Ahaadeeth ha+e mentioned it and made it the main ty"e that is
'i+en out fo Iakaat-ul-Fit) <y lookin' at all of the Ahaadeeth we find the followin'
(ate'oies (Asnaaf) ha+e been mentioned/ *am (dates)# Shaee (baley)# 5intah o
1amh o <u (wheat)# Iabeeb (aisons# died 'a"es# A,it ((otta'e (heese)# Sawee,
(mush of wheat# baley with su'a and dates)# Sult (se'ment of "eeled <aley)#
&a,ee, (flou) mentioned in a few e"ots and *aaam (food) in its 'eneality) *hese
ae the (ate'oies that ha+e been mentioned in the Ahaadeeth and we will now
"esent a numbe of Ahaadeeth that ae linked to this issue/
64) Ibn Uma (a) said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) made Iakaat-ul-Fit obli'atoy# a Saaa of
*am o a Saaa of Shaee u"on the sla+e and fee# the male and female and
youn' and old fom the Muslims)))NN)
8aated by Al-<ukhaai (0;D6) and othes and it has aleady been ,uoted in
the se(tion/ (*he 5ukm of Iakaat-ul-Fit))
66) Abu Saeed Al-2hudi (a) said/
LL?e used to 'i+e out fo Iakaat-ul-Fit a Saaa of food (*aaam) o a Saaa
of Shaee (baley)# o a Saaa of *am# o a Saaa of A,it (ty"e of (heese) o
a Saaa of Iabeeb (died 'a"es)NN)
8aated by Al-<ukhaai (0;D=)# Muslim# At-*ahaawi and Ad-&aaami)
67) Ayaad <in Abdullah <in Abi Sah said that he head Abu Saeed Al-2hudi
(a) sayin'/
LLIn the time of the Messen'e of Allah (saw) we did not 'i+e out e.(e"t fo a
Saaa of &a,ee, (flou)# o a Saaa of *am# o a Saaa of Sult ("eeled
<aley)# o a Saaa of Iabeeb (died 'a"es)# o a Saaa of Shaee# o a
Saaa of A,it ((otta'e (heese)) Abu-ul-Fadl said/ Ali al-Mudaini had said to
him whilst he was with us/ % Abu Muhammad) %ne of them did not mention
&a,ee, (flou)) 5e e"lied/ Indeed it is in it (i)e) mentioned in the 5adeethNN)
8aated by Ad-&aaa,utni (07=:4) and Ahmad used it as a le'al "oof)
6;) Ibn Abbaas used to say/
LL*he Sada,ah of $amadhaan is a Saaa of food) ?ho (omes with wheat it
is a((e"ted fom him# who (omes with baley it is a((e"ted fom him# who
(omes with dates it is a((e"ted fom him# who (omes with "eeled <aley it is
a((e"ted fom him# who (omes with died 'a"es it is a((e"ted fom him and
I belie+e he said/ And who (omes with Sawee, (a wheat o baley mi. mushy
mi. with su'a:wate) o flou it is a((e"ted fom himNN)
8aated by Ibn 2hu3aimah (470>) and its (hain is Saheeh and Ad-
&aaa,utni also e(oded it)
6=) Muma elated fom A3-3uhi fom Abd-u-$ahman Al-Aaa- fom Abu
5uaiah who said/
LLIakaat-ul-Fit is taken fom (o on behalf of) e+ey fee and sla+e# male and
femal# youn' and old# i(h and "oo# a Saaa of *am o half of a Saaa of
1amh (wheat)NN)
8aated by At-*ahaawi (7;:4) # Abd-u-$a33aa, and Al-<ayha,i) Ahmad
(>>0D) naated it as/ LLFom Abu 5uaiah in elation to Iakaat-ul-Fit/ u"on
e+ey fee and sla+e# male and female# youn' and old# "oo and i(h) A Saaa
of *am o half a Saaa of 1amh (wheat)) Muma said/ It ea(hed me that A3-
Iuhi used to aise this u" to the 9o"het (saw) (i)e) 5adeeth Mafooan)) Its
(hain is Saheeh and we ha+e "e+iously ,uoted it)
*hese ae the (ate'oies that the Muslims in the time of the Messen'e of Allah
(saw) and the times of the Sahaabah and those that followed them (the *aabioon)
used to 'i+e fom in tems of Iakaat-ul-Fit) ?e will now aise a few "oints/
0=) *he 'i+in' out of <u and 1amh (wheat) (ame afte that of the othe
(ate'oies be(ause the situation of the Muslims in the be'innin' was needy
and weak so thee food was 'eneally Shaee (baley) and *am) ?hen Allah
o"ened the situation fo them wheat be(ame "lentiful and they be'an to use it
fo Iakaat-ul-Fit) 8aafi naated fom Ibn Uma (a) that he said/ LL*he
"eo"le used to 'i+e out Iakaat-ul-Fit in the time of the Messen'e of Allah
(saw) a Saaa of Shaee (baley) o *am# o Sult (skinned <aley) o Iabeeb
(died 'a"es)) 5e said/ Abdullah said/ In the time of Uma (a) 5intah
(wheat) be(ame "lentiful and Uma made half a Saaa of 5intah e,ui+alent to
a Saaa of the othe itemsNN) 8aated by Abu &aawood (0=07) and Ad-
&aaa,utni) An-8asaai e"oted the be'innin' "at of this naation)
0>) In a numbe of te.ts the wod *aaam (food) has been mentioned# fom
amon' them is the 5adeeth numbe 4 fom the naated by Abu Saeed Al-
2hudi and 5adeeth 7 the statement of Ibn Abbaas) *his e."ession also
(ame in the 5adeeth naated by Al-<ukhaai (0;DB)# Ahmad and At-*ahaawi
fom Abu Saeed Al-2hudi (a)/ LL?e used to 'i+e it in the time of the
9o"het (saw) in the fom of a Saaa of *aaam (food)# o a Saaa of *am# o
a Saaa of Shaee# o a Saaa of Iabeeb) ?hen Muaawiyah (ame and As-
Samaaa (ame he said/ I see that a Mudd of this e,uals to Mudd (i)e) a
SaaaNN) Samaaa is 5intah (wheat) whi(h was (ulti+ated in Ash-Shaam
(Syia# Lebanon et()))))
0B) If we e.amine the ty"es mentioned we find that these wee what the Muslims
found a+ailable to them at that time in tems of foodstuffs so the te.ts ha+e
not e.(luded ant ty"e of foodstuff in tems of bein' "emitted to 'i+e them out
as Iakaat-ul-Fit) Said in anothe way# the Muslims used to 'i+e Iakaat-ul-Fit
fom the foodstuffs they had a+ailable) *he ty"es of food ha+e not (ome in the
Ahaadeeth in a way of esti(tion as some ha+e thou'ht so Al-1amh (wheat)
o lets say Samaaa whi(h is 1amh (wheat) fom Ash-Shaam had (ome
mu(h late in the time of Uma Ibn Al-2hattaab and Muaawiyah (a) and at
that time Muslims went about takin' and 'i+in' Iakaaat-ul-Fit fom it whi(h
indi(ates with a (lea meanin' that the ty"es o (ate'oies that ha+e (ome (in
the te.ts) ae not what we ae esti(ted to) $athe they ae sim"ly a mention
of the ty"es of foodstuffs that wee a+ailable to the "eo"le at that time and
they wee able to (hoose between them as they wished) ?hat 'i+es sten'th
to this undestandin' is the 5adeeth naated by Ad-&aaa,utni (07D:4) fom
Ali <in Moosa A-$idaa fom his fathe fom his 'andfathe who was Jafa
As-Saadi, fom his fathe/ L*hat the 9o"het (saw) obli'ated (faada) Iakaat-
ul-Fit u"on the youn' and the old# the male and female fom you "o+isions
o su""liesN) It is not said hee that the fathes in this 5adeeth ha+e (ome as
Ma-hool (unknown) be(ause the Muslims ae awae of these fathes and they
ae Muhammad <in Ali# Ali <in Al-5usain# 5usain <in Ali and Ali <in Abi
*aalib and all of these ae tustwothy) *he two Shaikhs (Al-<ukhaai and
Muslim) ha+e taken fom Jafa and Ibn 5ibbaan has (lassified him as
tustwothy) *he 5adeeth is theefoe used as a le'al e+iden(e and "oof and
it is (lea in su""otin' ou o"inion) ?hat 'i+es us 'eate "ea(e of mind is
that 5adeeth that has been e(oded by Ad-&aaa,utni (070:4) and At-
*imidhi fom Amu <in Shuaib fom his fathe fom his 'andfathe (a)/
L*hat the "o"het (saw) sent a (alle out (allin' to the 5u--aa- of Makkah/
Meily Iakaat-ul-Fit is obli'atoy u"on e+ey Muslim# u"on e+ey male and
female# fee and ensla+ed# youn' and old# two Mudds of 1amh o a Saaa of
what is e,ual to it in food (*aaam)N) And we mentioned this 5adeeth ealie
in the se(tion/ (U"on who is Iakaat-ul-Fit obli'atoy@) with the e"ot fom At-
*imidhi) In elation to the statement/ (*wo Mudds of 1amh (wheat) o a
Saaah e,ual to it of food (*aaam)) (ame in a 'eneal fom of e."ession so
any food that "eo"le eat is in(luded within it)
U"on all of this we say the followin'/
0;) Just as it is allowed to 'i+e 1amh# *am# Shaee# Iabeeb# A,it# Sult and
e+en &a,ee, (flou) and Sawee, it is also "emissible to 'i+e any food whi(h
"eo"le feed themsel+es with as Iakaat-ul-Fit) So in ou "esent time i(e#
beans# (hi(k"eas# 'een beans# "eas and lentils ae foods whi(h we eat so
they ha+e be(ome that whi(h we ae allowed to 'i+e as Iakaat-ul-Fit and this
is a e-e(tion to those who say that we must bind ousel+es to the ty"es that
ha+e been mentioned and say it is not allowed to 'i+e fom othe than them)
Indeed they ha+e diffeed in elation to some of these ty"es of food so Abu
5aneefah fo e.am"le did not allow A,it ((otta'e (heese) and Maalik and
Ash-Shaafi both said that &a,ee, (flou) and Sawee, wee not allowed) *he
5anbaliyah said that whoe+e is able to 'i+e fom *am# <u# Shaee o A,it
is then not allowed to 'i+e fom othe than them) It has been e"oted fom
Maalik the +iew/ *hat he did not "emit what the te.ts ha+e not stated in the
Ahaadeeth and what falls unde thei meanin') In etun it has been
mentioned that the Shaafiiyah ha+e said/ !+eythin' in whi(h the Ush ((o"
ta.) is obli'atoy is +alid as Iakaat-ul-Fit like i(e# (on# "eal millet#
(hi(k"eas# lentils and beans and thei like) Al-5anbaliyah ha+e said/ Fom
e+ey fuit and seed that you eat fom) Al-Maalikiyah made analo'y between
the ty"es mentioned in the te.ts with that whi(h is found with the "eo"le of
e+ey land like "ulses and thei like)
0=) Just as it is allowed to use any foodstuff whi(h "eo"le eat then it is also
allowed to use the +alue of one of these ty"es fo Iakaat-ul-Fit) So the +alue
of the thin' is e,uated with it# with no "efeen(e of one o+e the othe) Abu
5aneefah and Ath-*hawi said that is allowed to e.ta(t its +alue and Al-
5asan Al-<asi said/ U*hee is no "oblem to 'i+e &aaahim (money) as
Iakaat-ul-FitV naated by Ibn Abi Shaibah (=7:6) fom the way of 5ishaam)
Just as Ibn Abi Shaibah naated (=7:6) fom 1uah who said/ U?e (ame
a(oss in the book of Uma Ibn Abdul A3ee3 that e+ey "eson should 'i+e
half of a Saaa fo Sada,at-ul-Fit o its +alue of half a &ihamV) It has been
e"oted fom some of the Maalikiyah the o"inion of e.ta(tin' the +alue but
with dislike (2aaahah))
In ode to ea(h the (oe(t +iew in this issue let us e.amine a numbe of
te.ts that ae elated to it/
) 8aafi elated fom Ibn Uma (a)/
LL*he 9o"het made Sada,at-ul-Fit (o sada,at of $amadhaan)
obli'atoy u"on the male and female# the fee and ensla+ed# a Saaa of
*am (dates) o a Saaa of Shaee (baley) so the "eo"le made hals a
Saaa of <u e,ual to them)))NN)
8aated by Al-<ukhaai (0;00)# Ahmad# Ibn 2hu3aimah and An-8asaai)
s) Ayaad <in Abdillah elated that Abu Saeed Al-2hudi said/
LL?hilst the Messen'e of Allah (saw) was with us we would e.ta(t
Iakaat-ul-Fit fom e+ey youn' and old# fee and ensla+ed a Saaa of
*aaam (food)# o Saaa of A,it ((heese) o a Saaa of Shaee (baley) o
a Saaa of *am# o a Saaa of Iabeeb) ?e used to (ontinue 'i+in' fom
these until Muaawiyah (ame fo 5a-- o Umah) 5e addessed the "eo"le
fom the Minba and "at of what he said was/ I +iew that two Mudds of
the Samaa (wheat) of Ash-Shaam bein' e,ual to a Saaa of *am so the
"eo"le ado"ted this) Abu Saeed said/ As fo me I (ontinued and e+en u"
until now only 'i+in' Iakaat-ul-Fit as I had done befoe (i)e) "e+ious to
what Muaawiyah bou'ht)NN)
$elated by Muslim (44B7)# At-*imidhi# Abu &aawood# Ibn Maa-ah# Ibn
2hu3aimah# Ibn 5ibbaan and Ad-&aaami) In anothe naation e(oded
by Imaam Muslim (44B;) and Al-<ukhaai it said/ L)))Until Muaawiyah
(ame and he +iewed that two Mudds of wheat e,ualled a Saaa of *amN)
$elated by Abu Saeed Al-2hudi (a))
t) *he 5adeeth of Ibn Uma (a) e(oded by Abu &aawood (0=07)# Ad-
&aaa,utni and An-8asaai whi(h we "e+iously mentioned unde a) whi(h
(ontained/ L)))So when Uma (ame and 5intah (wheat) be(ame "lentiful#
Uma made half a Saaa of 5intah in "la(e of the othe ty"esN)
*he statement in 5adeeth a) says/ (So the "eo"le e,uated with it half a Saaa of <u
(wheat)) and in b)/ (I see two Mudds of the Samaa (wheat) of Ash-Shaam as bein'
e,ual to a Saaa of *am# so the "eo"le ado"ted this) and in ()/ (Uma made half a
Saaa of 5intah in "la(e of the othe ty"es)) *hese thee Ahaadeeth ha+e mentioned
e,ualisin' between two thin's and e,ualisin' does not take "la(e e.(e"t between
two thin's that ae simila in +alue othewise thee (an be no e,ualisin'# this is one
"oint)
*he se(ond "oint hee is that the e,ualisin' has taken "la(e between an item that
has been mentioned in the te.ts and an item that has not been mentioned like what
(ame in the se(ond 5adeeth (on(enin' the Samaa of Ash-Shaam (o wheat of
Ash-Shaam) whi(h has not been mentioned in any 5adeeth) *his 5adeeth (ame
e,ualisin' with somethin' that has been mentioned in the te.ts whi(h is *am (dates)
whi(h indi(ates that e,ualisin' does not ne(essaily ha+e to be between two items
that ha+e been mentioned in the te.ts) Indeed e,ualisin' (annot be ima'ined in what
is e.istent in the te.ts and this is be(ause if the te.ts wanted to mention two thin's it
would ha+e mentioned them to'ethe with the fom of waw (and) o aw (o) so the
thin' whi(h is mentioned in the te.t is e,uied in the te.t and it does not e,uie
e,uatin' with othe than it) So e,ualisin' (an eithe be between two thin's one
mentioned in the te.t and the othe not o between two mentioned thin's whee one
is "efeable to the othe) So e,ualisin' (ame with diffeen(es in ,uantity and outside
of these two situations thee did not (ome any mention of e,ualisin' and its "esen(e
is not ima'inable)
Uma Ibn-ul-2hattaab and Muaawiyah <in Abi Sufyaan undestood the issue of tyin'
and e,ualisin' between two thin's whee one was mentioned in the te.t and the
othe was not and they ado"ted this a""oa(h) *he "eo"le then ado"ted this as the
Aathaa (e"ots) stated and the "eo"le hee ae the Sahaabah ((om"anions) of the
Messen'e of Allah (saw) and thee is nothin' in the fa(t that a small numbe went
a'ainst this ado"tion like what ha""ened with Abu Saeed Al-2hudi) *his is be(ause
in the Shaa the e,ualisin' and tyin' (between diffeent thin's) did not (ome in the
way of (om"ulsion o e+en in a way of e(ommendation (nadb) and is only e'aded
as Mubaah ("emissible) and allowed) *he Mubaah and Jaai3 (allowed) do not
"e+ent 'oin' a'ainst it and not ado"tin' it so tyin' two thin's to'ethe is allowed
and "emissible) Ibn ul-Mundhi said/ U?e do not known a fim e"ot fom the
9o"het (saw) in elation to 1amh (wheat) that is elied u"on and Al-<u (wheat) was
not "esent in Al-Madeenah at that time e.(e"t in a ne'li'ible fom) ?hen it be(ame
"lentiful in the time of the Sahaabah they saw that half a Saaa of it (ould stand in the
"la(e of Shaee (baley) and they ae the Aimmah (knowled'eable s(holas))))V)
<ased u"on all that we ha+e mentioned abo+e and also u"on ou undestandin' of
e,uatin' and tyin' (between thin's) we say/ *he e.ta(tion of the +alue is "emitted#
meanin' that 'i+in' out &anaanee (i)e) money like "ounds:dollas et()))) and
1uoosh ("en(e) is allowed and this is not allowed e.(e"t when it is e,uated with
somethin' whi(h the te.t has mentioned# othewise it would not be tied o e,uated
u"on anythin' and (ay no +alue) *he o"inion that it is allowed to 'i+e &eenas and
1uoosh in and unesti(ted way without e,uatin' them with items whi(h the te.ts
ha+e mentioned is not a((e"table so if a Fa,eeh (omes and says it is allowed to 'i+e
out this mu(h o that mu(h in an absolute way we say to him that this +iew of yous is
not "emitted and what not be(ome "emissible until e,uatin' and tyin' (the money
+alue) with what the te.ts ha+e mentioned has taken "la(e by e,uatin' between a
(etain money amount and one of the items that has been mentioned in the te.t)
Abu 5aneefah and those who held the same o"inion wee (oe(t in allowin' the
'i+in' of a money e,ui+alent on the (ondition of it bein' e,uated and measued u"on
those items that the te.ts ha+e mentioned) ?e say/ A Saaa of *am (an be 'i+en o
a &eenaa (an be 'i+en if a Saaa of *am is e,ual to a &eena a((odin' to the
+alue and "i(e in the maket and we say 'i+in' ei'hty 1ish ("en(e) o a Saa of
&a,ee, (flou) if this flou is woth ei'ht 1ish in the maket and so foth)
As fo e,ualisin' with the moden foms of food that ae a+ailable in ou "esent time#
it is the same as e,ualisin' thou'h 'i+in' a +alue meanin' that it is obli'atoy when
'i+in' Fool (beans) fo e.am"le o i(e that we do not take a Saaa as a
measuement fo them makin' them atta(hed (in ulin') to those items that the te.ts
ha+e mentioned) ?e athe wok with them a((odin' to the "in(i"le of e,ualisin' in
the same way as the Sahaabah of the Messen'e of Allah (saw) did with 1amh
(wheat)) *hey estimated and measued it thou'h e,ualisin' it as double (in +alue) to
the mentioned ty"es so when we wish to 'i+e beans o i(e fo e.am"le we -ud'e it
a((odin' to dates o baley) So if the beans o i(e ae moe e."ensi+e than dates
and baley then half a Saaa o two thids of a Saaa would be allowed fo Iakat-ul-
Fit) %n the othe hand if the "i(e of beans and i(e wee (hea"e in (om"aison to
dates and baley then it is obli'atoy in this instan(e to 'i+e out two Saaa o a Saaa
and a half of them to e,ualise) In othe wods we "efom a "o(ess of e,ualisation
based on thei "i(es in the maket)
%ne "oint emains/ ?hish items do we use as a measue and to e,ualise with@ &o
we (om"ae the moden ty"es with dates o baley o died 'a"es@ *he (oe(t +iew
whi(h it is ne(essay to ado"t is to take the food ty"e whi(h is most wides"ead in
usa'e in ou (uent time in ode to make the measuement) If we look at the
e+iden(es we find that it mentioned the ty"es in an absolute way and esti(ted them
many times to dates) &ates in that time wee the most (ommon food and they
measued new foodstuffs by it and Abu Saeed naated the s"ee(h of Muaawiayh in
the 5adeeth that was (olle(ted by Muslim (44B7)# Abu &aawood# At-*imidhi# Ibn
Maa-ah# Ibn 2hu3aimah and Ibn 5ibbaan/ L)))I +iew that two Mudds of the Samaa
(wheat) of Ash-Shaam is e,ual to one Saaa of dates# and so the "eo"le ado"ted
this)))N) Also in the 5adeeth naated by Muslim (44B;) and Al-<ukhaai/ L)))Until
Muaawiyah (ame and saw that two Mudds of <u (wheat) wee e,ual to one Saaa
of *am (datesN)
So I say the followin' in elation to this/
In the situation whee wheat (1amh) is the main food in ou (uent time and not
dates then I see that it is obli'atoy when e.ta(tin' the monetay +alue o moden
foodstuffs to make measuement and e,ualisin' a'ainst 1amh and not to use dates#
died 'a"es o baley as a yadsti(k of measuement) *he im"otant thin' is how
wides"ead the food ty"e is so when dates wee the main food in the time of the
9o"het (saw) and the time of the Sahaabah (ah) they measued wheat a'ainst it)
So whee wheat is the main food in ou (uent time it is ne(essay to use it and take
it as a measuement when e.ta(tin' a monetay +alue o when 'i+in' Iakaat-ul-Fit
fom the moden food ty"es)
As fo in South !ast Asia# in the Indian (ontinent the main food ty"e is i(e and not
wheat so in that (ase the Muslims who eside thee must take i(e as the standad
fo measuement to e.ta(t an e,ui+alent monetay +alue o an e,ui+alent amount
fom a moden food ty"e)
Measuin' the amount of Iakaat-ul-Fit/
*he Sahaabah (ah) and the Fu,ahaa ha+e diffeed in s"e(ifyin' the amount of
1amh (wheat) that should be 'i+en as Iakaat-ul-Fit into two o"inions and they ha+e
a'eed in es"e(t to all of the othe (mentioned) food ty"es) So fom the Sahaabah
Abu <ak As-Siddee,# Uma Ibn Eul-2hattaab# Uthmaan <in Affaan# Ali <in Abi
*aalib# Abdullah Ibn Abbaas# Abdullah <in Masood# Jaabi <in Abdullah# Abu
5uaiah# Abdullah <in A3-Iubai# his mothe Asmaa <int Abu <ak and Abu
1ulaabah (ah) all held the o"inion that half a Saaa of wheat (1amh) was "emitted
fo Iakaat-ul-Fit) *his was also the +iew of Saeed <in Al-Musayyib# Saeed <in
Jubay# Sufyaan Ath-*hawi# Abdullah <in Mubaaak# Uwah <in A3-Iubai# Ataa#
*aawoos# Mu-aahid and Uma Ibn Abdul A3ee3 and Imaam Abu 5aneefah) Ibn ul-
Mundhi has e"ots (+eifyin' these +iews) fom Uthmaan# Ali# Abu 5uaiah#
Jaabi# Ibn Abbaas# Ibn A3-Iubai and Asmaa <int Abi <ak (Ibn 5a-a said they (the
e"ots) ae Saheehah (tue)) that they +iewed that half a Saaa of 1amh (wheat)
was 'i+en as Iakaat-ul-Fit) Abd-u-$a33aa, has ,uoted the statements of Ibn A3-
Iubai# Ibn Masood# Jaabi bin Abdullah# Ali <in Abi *aalib# Abu 1ulaabah that
Iakaat-ul-Fit is two Mudd of 1amh (wheat) (i)e) half of a Saaa) o one Saaa of
e+eythin' else) Ibn Abi Shaibah mentioned simila statements fom Ibn A3-Iubai#
Ibn Masood# Ali# Uthmaan and Abu 1ulaabah)
%n the othe hand Abu Saeed Al-2hudi# Abu ul-Aaliyah# Abu ash-Shataa (ah) said
that a Saaa of 1amh is e,uied fo Iakaat-ul-Fit and this was also the +iew of Al-
5asan Al-<asi# Jaabi <in Iaid# Maalik# Ash-Shaafi# Ahmad# Isha, <in $aahuwaih
and Ash-Shawkaani) At-*imidhi said/ U*hat some of the "eo"le of knowled'e +iew
that it is a Saaa fo e+eythin'# and this is the o"inion of Ash-Shaafi# Ahmad and
Isha,) And some of the "eo"le of knowled'e fom amon'st the Sahaabah of the
9o"het (saw) and othe than them ha+e a +iewed that it is a Saaa in e+eythin'
e.(e"t fo <u (wheat)# whi(h they "emit the 'i+in' of half a Saaa) *his is the
o"inion of Sufyaan Ath-*hawi# Ibn ul-Mubaaak and the "eo"le of 2oofah +iew that
<u (wheat) is half a SaaaV) So that we (an attain the (oe(t 5ukm (ulin') in this
issue it is fist ne(essay to "esent the e+iden(es elied u"on by the two 'ou"s/
07) *he e+iden(es used by those who say that the "emitted amount of Iakaat-
ul-Fit is a Saaa of 1amh (wheat)/
H) Ayaad <in Abdillah elated that Abu Saeed Al-2hudi said/
LL?hilst the Messen'e of Allah (saw) was with us we would e.ta(t Iakaat-
ul-Fit fom e+ey youn' and old# fee and ensla+ed a Saaa of *aaam (food)#
o Saaa of A,it ((heese) o a Saaa of Shaee (baley) o a Saaa of *am# o
a Saaa of Iabeeb) ?e used to (ontinue 'i+in' fom these until Muaawiyah
(ame fo 5a-- o Umah) 5e addessed the "eo"le fom the Minba and "at
of what he said was/ I +iew that two Mudds of the Samaa (wheat) of Ash-
Shaam bein' e,ual to a Saaa of *am so the "eo"le ado"ted this) Abu
Saeed said/ As fo me I (ontinued and e+en u" until now only 'i+in' Iakaat-
ul-Fit as I had done befoe (i)e) "e+ious to what Muaawiyah bou'ht)NN)
$elated by Muslim (44B7)# At-*imidhi# Abu &aawood# Ibn Maa-ah# Ibn
2hu3aimah and Ibn 5ibbaan)
0D) Ibn Uma (a) said/
LL*he 9o"het (saw) made in(umbent on e+ey male o female# fee man o
sla+e# the "ayment of one SaaPa of dates o baley as Sada,at-ul-Fit (o said
Sada,a-$amadan))R *he "eo"le then substituted half SaaPa of wheat fo
that)))NN)
8aated by Al-<ukhaai (0;00)# Ahmad and Ibn 2hu3aimah)
00) Ibn Seeeen naated fom Ibn Abbaas (a) that he said/ 5e mentioned in
e'ads to Sada,at-ul-Fit sayin'/
LLA Saaa of <u (wheat) o a Saaa of *am# o a Saaa of Shaee (baley)
o a Saaa of Sult ("eeled baley)NN)
$e(oded by An-8asaai (4;DH)# Ibn 2hu3aimah and Al-<a33aa with
diffeen(es in the wodin's)
04) Iaid <in *haabit (a) said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) addessed us and said/ ?hoe+e has food
fom amon'st you then 'i+e it in Sada,ah# a Saaa of <u (wheat)# o a Saaa
of Shaee (baley)# o a Saaa of *am# o a Saaa of &a,ee, (flou)# o a
Saaa of Iabeeb (died 'a"es o a Saaa of Sult ("eeled baley)NN)
8aated by Al-5aakim (700:0-704) and Adh-&hahabi was silent in e'ads to
it)
0;) *he e+iden(es used by those who ha+e said that Iakaat-ul-Fit is half of a
Saaa of 1amh (wheat)/
H) Abdullah <in *halabah <in Suai Al-Udhi said/
LL*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) addessed the "eo"le two days befoe Al-
Fit (!id) and said/ Gi+e a Saaa of <u o 1amh between two# o a Saaa of
*am o a Saaa of Shaee (<aley)# u"on +ey fee "eson and sla+e# youn'
and oldNN)
$e"ted by Ahmad (47D=6)# Abu &aawood and Abd-u-$a33aa, with a (hain
of tustwothy tansmittes) Ad-&aaa,utni (07B:4) naated it fom a numbe
of "aths with the wodin' E Fom Abdullah <in *halabah <in Suai fom his
fathe E so its (hain be(ame linked and (ontinuous and it was elated like this
fom Ibn 2hu3aimah E fom his fathe E (470D))
0D) Amu <in Shuaib elated fom his fathe fom his 'andfathe (a)/
LL*hat the 9o"het (saw) sent a (alle to the "eo"le "efomin' 5a-- in
Makkah sayin'/ Meily Sada,at-ul-Fit is ?aa-ib (obli'atoy) u"on e+ey
Muslim# male and female# fee and ensla+ed# youn' and old# two Mudds of
1amh o in othe than that a Saaa of food (*aaam)NN)
8aated by At-*imidhi (==H) and Ad-&aaa,utni) At-timidhi said/ U*he
5adeeth is Ghaeeb 5asanV)
00) 8aafi elated fom Abdullah Ibn Uma (a) who said/
LL*he "eo"le used to 'i+e out Sada,at-ul-Fit in the time of the Messen'e of
Allah (saw)/ a Saaa of Shaee o *am o "eeled baley o Iabeeb (died
'a"es)) 5e said that Abdullah said/ So when in the time of Uma 5intah
(wheat) be(ame "lentiful Uma made half a Saaa of 5intah take the "la(e of
a Saaa of the othe ty"esNN)
$e(oded by Abu &aawood (0=07)# An-8asaai and Ad-&aaa,utni)
04) Abu 5uaiah (a) said in elation to Iakaat-ul-Fit/
LLIt is u"on e+ey fee and ensla+ed "eson# male and female# small and
youn'# "oo and i(h) A Saaa of *am (dates) o half a Saaa of 1amh
(wheat)) Muma said/ It ea(hed me that A3-Iuhi used to aise this to the
9o"het (saw)NN)
8aated by Ahmad (>>0D) with a Saheeh (hain) At-*ahaawi# Abd-u-
$a33aa, and Al-<ayha,i also (olle(ted it)
06) Faatimah <int Al-Mundhi elated fom Asmaa <in Abi <ak (a) that she said/
LL?e used to 'i+e Iakaat-ul-Fit in the time of the Messen'e of Allah (saw)
two Mudds of wheat and with a Mudd of what you feed yousel+es withNN)
$elated by Ahmad (4>7>;) and At-*ahaawi)
07) Also the many Aathaa that ha+e been naated fom the Sahaabah of the
Messen'e of Allah (saw) whi(h I "e+iously mentioned bein' e"oted by Ibn
ul-Mundhi# Abd-u-$a33aa, and Ibn Abi Shaibah that say/ Iakaat-ul-Fit is
half a Saaa of 1amh (wheat) o two Mudds)
<y e.aminin' the e+iden(es of the fist 'ou"# we find that the thid 5adeeth was
naated fom Ibn Seeeen fom Ibn Abbaas (a) and it is well known that Ibn
Seeeen did not (e+e) hea anythin' fom Ibn Abbaas so the 5adeeth be(omes
Mun,ati (boken) and &aeef (weak)) Ahmad# Ali bin Al-Mudaini# Aahya <in Moeen
and Al-<ayha,i said/ Muhammad <in Seeeen did not hea anythin' (die(tly) fom
Ibn Abbaas) So this 5adeeth is e-e(ted (as e+iden(e))
As fo the fouth 5adeeth naated by Al-5aakim it (ontains amon'st its naatos
Suleymaan <in A,am and Ahmad said in elation to him/ Suleymaan <in A,am has
no +alue) Ibn Moeen said/ 5e has no +alue not e+en a "ennys woth and Al-
<ukhaai and Abu &aawood said/ *hey left him (i)e) did not take fom him) whilst Abu
5aatim and At-*imidhi said/ 5e is e-e(ted in 5adeeth) *heefoe this 5adeeth is
e-e(ted) So we ae theefoe left with two Saheeh 5adeeths/ *he 5adeeth of Abu
Saeed and the 5adeeth of Ibn Uma) *he followin' was mentioned in the 5adeeth
of Abu Saeed/ L A Saaa of *aaam (food)# o a Saaa of A,it ((heese) o a Saaa of
Shaee (baley) o a Saaa of *am (dates) o a Saaa of Iabeeb (died 'a"es)N and
thee is no "oof in this e+iden(e fo what they ha+e ai+ed at in thei o"inion/
Fistly/ It did not mention any of the wods fo wheat (1amh# <u o 5intah) at all and
thee is not e+en a Shubhah &aleel (semblan(e of an e+iden(e) e.(e"t the wods/ (A
Saaa of *aaam (food)) so that they say that *aaam (food) efes to 1amh (wheat))
?e es"ond to this by sayin' that we do not a((e"t that the e."ession *aaam when
it is said that it means wheat and this is be(ause *am# Shaee# Iabeeb# A,it and
othes also fall unde this e."ession so thee is no -ustifi(ation to limit its e."ession
to meanin' ?heat)
Se(ondly/ *he ma-oity of food that was a+ailable to the Muslims in the time of the
9o"het (saw) (onsisted of dates and baley# and less of it was A,it ((heese) and
Iabeeb (died 'a"es) and they did not eat 1amh (wheat) e.(e"t aely due to its
s(a(ity at that time) In this (ase how (an it be (laimed that the e."ession *aaam
efes only to wheat@ Lets look at what (ame in the 5adeeth naated fom Abdullah
Ibn Uma (a)/ L*he Messen'e of Allah (saw) obli'ated Iakaat-ul-Fit# a Saaa of
*am o a Saaa of Shaee u"on e+ey sla+e and fee# male and female and youn'
and old fom the Muslims)))N as e(oded by Al-<ukhaai (0;D6)# Abu &aawood#
Muslim# An-8asaai# At-*imidhi and Ibn Maa-ah) Also in anothe naation fom him
(Ibn Uma) / L*he 9o"het (saw) odeed us with Iakaat-ul-Fit) A Saaa of *am o
a Saaa of Shaee so the "eo"le made this e,ual to two Mudds of (5intah) wheatNN
as e(oded by Al-<ukhaai (0;D>)# Muslim# At-*imidhi# Ibn Maa-ah and Ad-&aaami)
*hese two naations both mention that the food that the Muslims used to e.ta(t
Iakaat-ul-Fit fom in that time (onsisted of dates and baley (*am and Shaee))
*hee did not (ome a mention of 1amh (wheat) e.(e"t fom the an'le of the Muslims
afte the time of the 9o"het (saw) "efomin' the "o(ess of e,ualisin' as it is not
ima'inable that they would ha+e done this in the time of the 9o"het (saw)) ?e
mentioned ealie that the "o(ess of e,ualisin' was fom amon'st the a(tions of
Uma and Muaawiyah and that the "eo"le ado"ted this) Indeed we say that the
"hase 5intah o 1amh has not been mentioned in any Saheeh e"ot fom Ibn
Uma whi(h mention the ty"es fom whi(h Iakaat-ul-Fit is e.ta(ted fom) *hee has
been numeous e"ots by the way of Abu Saeed whi(h mention the ty"es and thei
isnt a mention of 1amh at all and the same (an be said about the e"ots oi'inatin'
fom Ibn Abbaas# Amaa <in Sad and Abu 5uaiah (ah))
And ead what Ibn 2hu3aimah (47D=) elated with a Saheeh (hain fom 8aafi fom
Ibn Uma (a) who said/ LL Sada,ah in the time of the Messen'e of Allah (saw) was
only in *am# Iabeeb and Shaee and it did not in(lude 5intahNN) And also what An-
8asaai (4;0B) e"oted fom Ayaad <in Abdullah <in Sad that Abu Saeed Al-
2hudi (a) told him sayin'/ LL?e used to e.ta(t ('i+e fom) in the time of the
Messen'e of Allah (saw) a Saaa of *am o a Saaa of Shaee o a Saaa of A,it
and we did not 'i+e fom othe than theseNN)
So theses two testimonies fom these two Sahaabah ae (om"letely (lea in showin'
that 1amh (wheat) was not in(luded in the ty"es whi(h the Muslims use to 'i+e thei
Iakaat-ul-Fit fom in the time of the Messen'e of Allah (saw)) In li'ht of this how
(ould they e."lain the e."ession food (*aaam) mentioned in the Ahaadeeth as
meanin' 1amh (wheat)@
*hidly/ Ayaad <in Abdullah <in Sad e"oted fom Abu Saeed Al-2hudi (a) that/
LL ?e used to 'i+e in the time of the Messen'e of Allah (saw) on the day of Fit a
Saaa of *aaam (food) and Abu Saeed said/ And ou food (onsisted of <aley
(Shaee)# died 'a"es (Iabeeb)# (otta'e (heese (A,it) and dates (*am)NN as
e(oded by Al-<ukhaai (0;0D)) So hee Abu Saeed who himself elated the
5adeeth that they use e."lains the e."ession *aaam (food) in a way that (uts any
doubt with (etainty by e."lainin' that its meanin' (*aaam) meant <aley# died
'a"es# (otta'e (heese and dates a((odin' to thei own undestandin' i)e) the +ey
same ty"es of food mentioned in the 5adeeth they used mentionin' *aaam (food)
so the 5adeeth e."lains itself) ?e theefoe (ay the 5adeeth they use with this
5adeeth and we say as a esult that the 5adeeth had mentioned the Aam ('eneal)
and then went on to mentioned the s"e(ifi( (i)e) the ty"es of food) and this style is
well known to anyone who (om"ehends the lan'ua'e of the Aabs)
Fouthly/ *hose who say that the e."ession *aaam means 1amh and that the
Messen'e of Allah (saw) had himself obli'ated a Saaa of *aaam i)e) ?heat
(1amh) then how do they e."lain that Muaawiyah made half a Saaa of 1amh e,ual
to a Saaa to the othe ty"e@ &o they a((use Muaawiyah of 'o a'ainst a (ommand
of the 9o"het (saw) and that "eo"le would ha+e a'eed to this in(ludin' Sahaabah@
Futhemoe how do they e."lain that Uma made half a Saaa of 1amh (wheat)
e,ual to a Saaa of the othe ty"es@ Fould they ha+e ima'ined that when the
Messen'e of Allah (saw) had obli'ed a Saaa of 1amh (wheat) as they (laimed that
Uma and Muaawiyah would ha+e then (ome whist the Sahaabah wee numeous
and said that two Mudds (i)e) half a Saaa) wee suffi(ient@ Ibn 2hu3aimah said/ U*he
mention of 5intah (wheat) in the e"ot of Abu Saeed is not "ese+ed)))5ad Abu
Saeed told them that they used to 'i+e in the time of the Messen'e of Allah (saw) a
Saaa of 5intah then how would the statement of the man/ % two Mudds of 1amh
hold meanin'V and then the Muslims a((e"ted and a(ted u"on this statementCC
<ased on these fou "oints I say that thee is no "oof fo the o"inion they ha+e
ai+ed at fom this 5adeeth but athe this 5adeeth is a "oof a'ainst them and not
fo them)
As fo the se(ond 5adeeth that they used/ (*he 9o"het (saw) obli'ated Sada,at-ul-
Fit)))a Saaa of *am o a Saaa of Shaee so the "eo"le e,uated (with them) half a
Saaa of <u (wheat))) I am astounded about thei (laims that this te.t is an e+iden(e
fo Sada,at-ul-Fit bein' a Saaa of <u (wheat)CC 8eithe the Mantoo, (liteal
meanin') no Mafhoom (undestood meanin') su""ots thei o"inion and indeed this
e+iden(e is moe of a "oof a'ainst thei +iew than a "oof to su""ot it) *he 5adeeth
has mentioned that the 9o"het (saw) obli'ated a Saaa of *am o Shaee and it did
not mention that he obli'ated a Saaa of 1amh and the eason fo this was that
1amh was not in "lentiful su""ly at that time and this situation emained until Allah
(swt) o"ened u" fo the Muslims new lands and e'ions aftewads and at that time
1amh be(ame eadily a+ailable and "lentiful) At that time the "eo"le e,uated
between a Saaa of *am (dates) o Shaee (baley) with half a Saaa of 1amh
(wheat) so what "oof does this 5adeeth "o+ide them with@
As fo the statement of Ibn 1udaamah in his book Al-Mu'hni/ U And be(ause it
(1amh:wheat) was a ty"e that was e.ta(ted as Sada,at-ul-Fit then its measue is a
Saaa like all the othe ty"esV) *his is a 1iyaas (analo'y) with somethin' diffeent
whi(h is not +alid in addition to it bein' in o""osition to the te.ts whi(h mention half a
Saaa of 1amh) ?e will now mo+e to "esentin' the Ahaadeeth that those who ha+e
said that half a Saaa of 1amh is "emitted as Sada,at-ul-Fit ha+e used to e.ta(t
thei o"inion) So we say the followin'/
*he fist 5adeeth# the 5adeeth of *halabah is e"oted fom many "aths one of
whi(h is fom An-8umaan <in $aashid and e(oded by Ahmad (47D=7) in the
followin' way/ UAffaan told us sayin'/ I asked 5ammaad <in Iaid about Sada,at-ul-
Fit# so he naated to me fom 8umaan <in $aashid fom A3-Iuhi fom *halabah
<in Abi Suai that the Messen'e of Allah (saw) said/)))V and then he mentioned the
5adeeth) Abu &aawood also e"oted with this (hain (0=0H)) *he autho of Al-Mu'hni
(Ibn 1udaamah) es"onded to this 5adeeth sayin'/ U*he 5adeeth of *halabah is
only naated fom An-8umaan <in $aashidV and he e-e(ted the 5adeeth on the
basis that An-8umaan <in $aashid is &aeef (weak) in the eyes of the ma-oity of the
Muhadditheen) So I say as I mentioned abo+e that this 5adeeth has been e"oted
fom many "aths and I ,uoted the 5adeeth (47D=6) fom Imaam Ahmad and this is
its Sanad ((hain)/ UAbd-u-$a33aa, told us that Ibn Juaih told us/ Ibn Shihaab said/
Abdullah <in *halabah <in Suai Al-Udhi saidV and then he mentioned the
5adeeth) ?e (an see that this 5adeeth does not mention An-8umaan <in $aashid
and the tansmittes ae (lassified as tustwothy) In addition Abu &aawood (0=40)
and Abd-u-$a33aa, (;>B;) naated it) *heefoe the 5adeeth fom this "ath is +alid
to be used as e+iden(e and as a le'al "oof based u"on its Sanad ((hain))
As fo the se(ond 5adeeth it (ontains in its Sanad ((hain) Saalim <in 8ooh who was
(lassified as &aeef (weak) by Aahya <in Moeen# Abu 5aatim A-$aa3i and Ibn Adi
wheeas he was (lassified as sound by Ibn 5ibbaan and Abu Iuah and Ahmad <in
5anbal a((e"ted him) 5e is theefoe disa'eed u"on and theefoe it is +alid to use
the e+iden(e as lon' as its meanin' and te.t does not (ontadi(t o o""ose what is
(ontained in the Saheeh te.ts) If it (ontadi(ted then it is e-e(ted)
As fo the thid 5adeeth it (ontains Abdul A3ee3 <in Abi $uwaad who was (lassified
as &aeef by Al-Mundhii# Ibn ul-Jaw3i and Ibn 5ibbaan but was (lassified as
tustwothy by Aahya Al-1ataan# Aahya <in Moeen and Abu 5aatim A-$aa3i and
theefoe this 5adeeth is also disa'eed u"on) A'ain it is +alid fo Istidlaal (use as
le'al e+iden(e) as lon' as it doesnt (ontadi(t the te.ts and meanin's (ontained in
the Saheeh Ahaadeeth in whi(h (ase it would be e-e(ted)
As fo the fouth 5adeeth it has a Saheeh Isnaad howe+e it is a statement fom Abu
5uaiah (a) and is not Mafoo (aised) to the Messen'e of Allah (saw)) It is a
Maw,oof 5adeeth (sto"s befoe ea(hin' the 9o"het (saw)) and is followin' that an
Atha (s"ee(h of Sahaabi# *aabi et()))) so we "la(e it alon' with the Aathaa
indi(ated to in unde numbe =) As fo the statement of Muma/ (It ea(hed me that
A3-Iuhi aised it to the 9o"het (saw)) he said this without mentionin' the name of
the $aawi (tansmitte) who told him this statement and theefoe the (hain in this
situation i)e) (hain ea(hin' the 9o"het (saw) is &aeef (weak) be(ause it (ontains
an unknown tansmitte and is theefoe Mun,ati (missin' a (hain) and theefoe this
s"ee(h is not used o woked with) Fom this it has be(ome a""aent that this
5adeeth is only a 1awl (statement) of Abu 5uaiah)
As fo the fifth 5adeeth it in(ludes in its (hain Abdullah <in Lahayah and the
ma-oity of Muhadditheen e'ad his naations as &aeef and he is a((used that his
"a"es whi(h he used to s"eak fom fo a "eiod of time had been dama'ed and he
be'an to s"eak fom his memoy and fell into eo and so they (onsideed his
naations as &aeef) Ahmad <in 5anbal who e(oded this 5adeeth said/ ?hat
Abdullah Ibn Lahayah naates is not a "oof and I wite a lot of what I wite in
(onsideation of him) *his 5adeeth is theefoe e-e(ted)
?hat emains theefoe is the fist 5adeeth# the se(ond and thid with lenien(y in
thei (hain (sanad) in addition to the Aathaa mentioned unde numbe si.: *he fist
and se(ond 5adeeth alone link the mention of 1amh (wheat) to the Messen'e of
Allah (saw) and this is des"ite it bein' established by many Saheeh Ahaadeeth that
we e(ently mentioned# that 1amh was not fom amon'st the foods of the "eo"le at
the time of the 9o"het (saw)) Also that the mention of 1amh (wheat) was not
"esent in these many Saheeh Ahaadeeth and these Ahaadeeth ne'ated the
e.ta(tin' of 1amh as Iakaat-ul-Fit) *he esult of this is that the liteal te.t of these
two 5adeeth o""oses and (ontadi(ts the liteal meanin's of the te.t in many
Saheeh Ahaadeeth whi(h deny the "esen(e of 1amh and deny its mention as a
ty"e fom whi(h Iakaat-ul-Fit (an be e.ta(ted) *he two hadeeth ae theefoe
e-e(ted by the te.tual meanin' and the numeous Saheeh Ahaadeeth outwei'h
them)
*he thid 5adeeths te.tual meanin' a'ees with the many Saheeh Ahaadeeth and is
theefoe a((e"ted and woked with) Its meanin' is (lea (on(enin' e,uatin'
between 1amh (wheat) and the othe ty"es whi(h Uma (a) did whi(h o((ued
without doubt afte the time in whi(h the 9o"het (saw) li+ed) It is theefoe (oe(t
and +alid to -oin this with the Aathaa unde numbe =) Ibn ul-Mundhi said/ U?e do
not know in elation to 1amh a fim e"ot that the 9o"het (saw) elied u"on it# and
<u (wheat) was not "esent in Al-Madeenah in that time e.(e"t a +ey little amount)
So when it be(ame "lentiful in the time of the Sahaabah (ah) they +iewed that half a
Saaa would stand in the "la(e of a Saaa of Shaee (baley)# and they (the
Sahaabah) ae the Aimmah (leades in knowled'e) so it is not "emitted to 'o away
fom thei o"inion to those othesV)
As a esult of this only the Aathaa unde numbe = (e"ots and statements of the
Sahaabah and *aabioon) emain su""otin' that the amount of Iakaat-ul-Fit fo
1amh (wheat) is e,ual to half a Saaa in addition to those of 6 and 7 that we ha+e
atta(hed to them) *he fist is the a(tion of Uma <in Al-2hattaab (a) and the se(ond
is the statement of Abu 5uaiah (a)) So thee isnt a 9o"heti( 5adeeth to su""ot
thei +iew o whi(h is +alid as a le'al "oof to su""ot that Iakkat-ul-Fit is half a
Saaa of 1amh)
*hese Aathaa indi(ate that the ma-oity of the Sahaabah a(ted u"on makin' half a
Saaa of wheat e,ual to a Saaa of othe than it fom amon'st the food ty"es that the
te.ts mentioned and it is not known that thee was any disa'eement to this with the
e.(e"tion of Abu Saeed Al-2hudi (a)) Also I do not know if Abu Ash-Shathaa is a
ni(kname fo ?aabisah <in Mabad the Sahaabi o he is a tansmitte of 5adeeth
fom the *aabieen) 5e is the one who mentioned a Saah of 1amh (wheat) and e+en
if Abu Ash-Shathaa was the Sahaabi then these two Sahaabis (ontadi(ted all of the
othe Sahaabah and theefoe thei +iew baely undemines the (onsensus e.(e"t in
tems of theoy) It is theefoe +alid to take the +iew of the ma-oity of the Sahaabah
that half a Saaa of 1amh (wheat) is suffi(ient fo Iakaat-ul-Fit)
?hoe+e wishes to study the statements of the Sahaabah of the Messen'e of Allah
(saw) then he should ead the followin' naations/ (;>==)# (;>=H)# (;>>4)# (;>>6)
fom the Musannaf (witten wok) of Abd-u-$a33aa,# (=0:6) fom the Musannaf of
Ibn Abi Shaibah# (7;:4) fom the book Maaani Al-Aathaa of At-*ahaawi amon'st
othe books of 5adeeth and Fi,h in addition to what we mentioned unde 6 and 7
(abo+e))
?e summaise this "esentation by sayin' that it is obli'atoy to take the o"inion of
half a Saaa of 1amh bein' a((e"table as Iakaat-ul-Fit and this e.ta(ted 5ukm
(ulin') sten'thens and su""ots ou +iew in elation to the "emissibility of e,uatin'
and not sti(kin' solely to the food ty"es that ha+e been mentioned in the te.ts in the
Ahaadeeth) As su(h it su""ots and sten'thens ou +iew "emittin' the 'i+in' of a
monetay +alue o fom amon'st the food ty"es whi(h "eo"le use today su(h as
lentils# i(e# beans# (hi(k"eas amon'st othes so all of this is "emitted by the Shaa
and allowed)

*he measuement of the 9o"heti( Saaa/
m) Abdullah <in Uma (a) said that the 9o"het (saw) said/
LL*he measue is by the measuin' of the "eo"le of Al-Madeenah and
wei'hin' is by the wei'hin' of the "eo"le of MakkahNN)
8aated by An-8asaai (4;4D)# At-*abaaani and Al-<ayha,i) Abu &aawood
(667D) e"oted/ LL*he wei'hin' is by the wei'hin' of Makkah and the
measuin' is by the measuement of the "eo"le of Al-MadeenahNN) Its (hain
is Saheeh) Ibn 5ibban (64B6)# Al-<ayha,i also naated it fom Abdullah Ibn
Abbaas (a))
n) As-Saaib <in Aa3eed said/
LL*he Saaa in the time of the 9o"het (saw) a Mudd and a thid a((odin' to
(the +alue of) you Mudd of today) It was theefoe in(eased in the time of
Uma Ibn Abdul A3ee3NN)
$e"oted by Al-<ukhaai (=>04) and An-8asaai)
o) Al-5usain <in Al-?aleed said/
LAbu Ausuf (ame to us fom 5a-- and said/ I wish to o"en to you a doo to
knowled'e whi(h was im"otant to me and I in+esti'ated it) I enteed Al-
Madeenah and I asked about the Saaa) *hey Said/ *his Saaa of ous is the
Saaa of the Messen'e of Allah (saw)) I said to them/ ?hat is you "oof in
that@ *hey said/ ?e will bin' you "oof tomoow so when I woke u" aound
ffifty Sheiks fom amon'st the Ansaa and al-Muhaa-ioon (ame to me ea(h
one of them had a Saaa unde thei obe) !+ey man said that they wee told
by thei fathe o "eo"le fom thei household that this was a Saaa a((odin'
to the Messen'e of Allah (saw)) I e.amined them and found them the same)
5e said/ I found it e,ual to fi+e Ataal (monetay measuement) and a thid
minus a little) So I dis(o+eed somethin' 'eat# so I abandoned the o"inion of
Abu 5aneefah and ado"ted the o"inion of the "eo"le of Al-MadeenahNN)
8aated by Al-<ayha,i (0>0:7) and its Sanad is Jayyid ('ood))
") Abu Ubaid said in his book AlAmwaal (Funds) (0=D4) the followin'/ UAs
fo the "eo"le of Al-5i-aa3 thee does not e.ist any diffeen(e between
them in it# it is known that a Saaa is fi+e Ataal and a thid whi(h is known
by thei knowled'eable and unknowled'eable "eo"le and it is sold in thei
makets u"on that and this knowled'e is "assed on fom 'eneation to the
ne.tV) 5e added (0=D6)/ UAa,oob (Abu Aousuf the Jud'e) used to in the
"ast say the same as his "eo"le but then (han'ed his +iew to that of the
"eo"le of Al-MadeenahV and also (0=46)/ U ?e ha+e e."lained the Saaa
by the Sunnah and this is as I ha+e made known fi+e Ataal and a thid
and the Mudd is a ,uate of it whi(h is a $atl and a thid and this
a((odin' to ou $atl whi(h is wei'hed at one hunded and twenty-ei'ht
&iham)))V So I say the followin'/
Fistly/ *he fist 5adeeth with its diffeent naations establishes that the Mikyaal
(measue) is by the measue of the "eo"le of Al-Madeenah and the most famous
measuements ae a Saaa whi(h is e,ual to fou Mudds# Al-Faa, whi(h e,uals
thees Saaa o two# Al-Aa, whi(h e,uals fifteen Saaa# Al-Makkook whi(h is e,ual
to two Saaa and a half and Al-?asa, whi(h is e,ual to si.ty Saaa) *heefoe these
measuements must be taken fom the "eo"le of Al-Madeenah and it is not +alid to
take fom othe than them) ?hat (on(ens us most in this study is the Saaa and its
"ats as s"lit into Mudds)
Se(ondly/ *he Iakaat-ul-Fit is half of a Saaa of 1amh (wheat) o a Saaa of the
othe ty"es and a Saaa is e,ual to fou Mudds and a Mudd is an amount e,ual to
two medium fistful 'abs of wheat) <ased on this undestandin' the knowled'e of a
Mudd and Saaa a((odin' to moden s(ales makes the e.ta(tin' of the Iakaat-ul-
Fit easie) *he "eo"le of e."etise usin' moden s(ales ha+e (on(luded that a
Saaa of 1amh (wheat) is e,ual to two 2ilos and 0>; 'ams and if we di+ide that into
fou we find that a Mudd of wheat is e,ual to ;76 'ams) So whee Iakaat-ul-Fit is
half a Saaa o two Mudds of wheat then Iakaat-ul-Fit of wheat is e,ual to one kilo
and B= 'ams and the othe ty"es ae e,ual to two kilos and 0>; 'ams)
*hidly/ As fo what has been mentioned about Uma Ibn Abdul A3ee3 in numbe 4
that he in(eased u"on the Saaa and what o((ued fom Al-5a--aa- in the time of
Abdul Maalik as has been e"oted in many e"ots in the books of Fi,h and what
5ishaam <in Abdul Maalik did in tems of altein' the Saaa then all of this does not
(on(en us o take us away fom the 9o"heti( Saaa) *he mistake of Abu 5aneefah
theefoe be(omes a""aent when he ado"ted a la'e Saaa in Al-Iaa, makin' it
e,ual to ei'ht Ataal and left the Saaa of Al-Madeenah whi(h e,ualled fi+e and a
thid Ataal)
*o whom is Iakaat-ul-Fit "aid@
Sada,at-ul-Fit is a fom of Iakaah and theefoe takes its ulin' in e+eythin' e.(e"t
fo what the e+iden(es ha+e made an e.(e"tion of) Lookin' at the le'al te.ts
meanin's we do not find that those to whom it should be 'i+en ae mentioned so due
to this Iakaat-ul-Fit is "aid to the same ei'ht (ate'oies that Allah (swt) mentions/
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LLAs-Sada,Wt (hee it means IakWt) ae only fo the Fu,aWPUV ("oo)# and Al-
MasWkinUV (the "oo) and those em"loyed to (olle(t (the funds)O and to atta(t the
heats of those who ha+e been in(lined (towads IslWm)O and to fee the
sla+es:(a"ti+esO and fo those in debtO and fo AllWhPs Fause (i)e) fo Mu-Whid\n -
those fi'htin' in the holy battle)# and fo the wayfae (a ta+elle who is (ut off fom
e+eythin')O a duty im"osed by AllWh) And AllWh is All-2nowe# All-?iseNN) (Suah At-
*awbah Ayah =D))
As fo the (ate'oies of atta(tin' the heats o feein' sla+es and e+en those
em"loyed to (olle(t they ae non-e.istent in the eality of ou (uent a'e afte the
endin' of the ule of Islaam in the Muslim lands and whee thee does not emain
e+en one state that im"lements the Shaa of Allah as 5e Subhaanahu (ommanded)
*he emainin' (ate'oies ae the Fu,aaa (destitute)# Masaakeen ("oo)#
Ghaaimeen (indebted)# Fee Sabeel lillah (Jihaad fo Allahs sake) and Ibn us-Sabeel
(wayfae)) So thee only emains these fi+e (ate'oies today and in addition it is
noted that the indebted is not 'i+en to unless he is unable to "ay off his debt so tade
in ou (uent time that woks with a lot of (he,ues and deeds that ae linked to debt#
then those tades in+ol+ed in this ae not in(luded into the (ate'oy of Ghaaimeen
and ae not e(i"ients of Iakaat) *he (ate'oies that ae most si'nifi(ant fo
e(ei+in' Iakaah ae the Fu,aaa and the Masaakeen and thee has been found a
mention of this in the 5adeeth naated by Abdullah Ibn Abbaas (a)/ LL*he
Messen'e of Allah (saw) made Iakaat-ul-Fit Fad (an obli'ation) as a "uifi(ation
fo the fastin' "eson fom false and filthy s"ee(h and also as feedin' fo the
Masaakeen ("oo))))NN as naated by Abu &aawood (0=DH) and othes) *his
5adeeth was mentioned in its entiety ealie in the se(tion/ U*he time fo 'i+in' it
(Iakaat-ul-Fit)V)
*he fa(t that it (Masaakeen) is mentioned hee does not mean that this indi(ates a
esti(tion to it) It should also not be undestood to be an en(oua'ement of this
(ate'oy o+e the othes othewise the 'i+e of Iakaah would ne'le(t all the othe
(ate'oies) Simila to this is what has (ome in the 5adeeth naated by Ibn Abbaas
(a)/ LL *he Messen'e of Allah (saw) said to Muaadh when he sent him to Aemen#
RAou will 'o to the "eo"le of the S(i"tue) So# when you ea(h thee# in+ite them to
testify that none has the i'ht to be woshi""ed but Allah# and that Muhammad is 5is
A"ostle) And if they obey you in that# tell them that Allah has en-oined on them fi+e
"ayes in ea(h day and ni'ht) And if they obey you in that tell them that Allah has
made it obli'atoy on them to "ay the Iakat whi(h will be taken fom the i(h amon'
them and 'i+en to the "oo amon' them) NN) Similaly this does not indi(ate that the
Fu,aaa should be 'i+en the Sada,ah to the e.(lusion of the othe (ate'oies)
It is +alid to 'i+e Iakaat-ul-Fit to one o two o all of the (ate'oies with no diffeen(e
e.istin' between them) As fo the +iew of Ash-Shaafi and Ikamah that/ U*hat it is
obli'atoy to di+ide the Iakaah between all (ate'oies of the si. that ae "esent with
a fi.ed shae and that ea(h shae fo ea(h ty"e is not less than thee o moe and if
you do not find e.(e"t one (ate'oy then the shae of that (ate'oy is 'i+en to itV)
*his +iew of s"littin' and di+idin' has no &aleel (e+iden(e) o +alid le'al a'ument
fom the Shaa to su""ot it and the (oe(t +iew is that it is "emitted to 'i+e to one
(ate'oy -ust as it is allowed to 'i+e to moe than one and this is the o"inion of Uma
<in Al-2hattaab# Abdullah Ibn Abbaas and 5udhaifah fom amon'st the Sahaabah
(ah) as well as it bein' the +iew of Saeed <in Jubai# Al-5asan Al-<asi# Ataa# Ath-
*hawi# Abu 5aneefah and Ibn 1udaamah)
Febuay 4D00