The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System.

It is almost perfectly sp
herical and consists of hot plasma interwoven with magnetic fields.[12][13] It h
as a diameter of about 1,392,684 km (865,374 mi),[5] around 109 times that of Ea
rth, and its mass (1.9891030 kilograms, approximately 330,000 times the mass of E
arth) accounts for about 99.86% of the total mass of the Solar System.[14] Chemi
cally, about three quarters of the Sun's mass consists of hydrogen, while the re
st is mostly helium. The remaining 1.69% (equal to 5,600 times the mass of Earth
) consists of heavier elements, including oxygen, carbon, neon and iron, among o
thers.[15]
The Sun formed about 4.567 billion[a][16] years ago from the gravitational colla
pse of a region within a large molecular cloud. Most of the matter gathered in t
he center, while the rest flattened into an orbiting disk that would become the
Solar System. The central mass became increasingly hot and dense, eventually ini
tiating thermonuclear fusion in its core. It is thought that almost all stars fo
rm by this process. The Sun is a G-type main-sequence star (G2V) based on spectr
al class and it is informally designated as a yellow dwarf because its visible r
adiation is most intense in the yellow-green portion of the spectrum, and althou
gh it is actually white in color, from the surface of the Earth it may appear ye
llow because of atmospheric scattering of blue light.[17] In the spectral class
label, G2 indicates its surface temperature, of approximately 5778 K (5505 C), an
d V indicates that the Sun, like most stars, is a main-sequence star, and thus g
enerates its energy by nuclear fusion of hydrogen nuclei into helium. In its cor
e, the Sun fuses about 620 million metric tons of hydrogen each second.[18][19]
Once regarded by astronomers as a small and relatively insignificant star, the S
un is now thought to be brighter than about 85% of the stars in the Milky Way, m
ost of which are red dwarfs.[20][21] The absolute magnitude of the Sun is +4.83;
however, as the star closest to Earth, the Sun is by far the brightest object i
n the sky with an apparent magnitude of -26.74.[22][23] This is about 13 billion
times brighter than the next brightest star, Sirius, with an apparent magnitude
of -1.46. The Sun's hot corona continuously expands in space creating the solar
wind, a stream of charged particles that extends to the heliopause at roughly 1
00 astronomical units. The bubble in the interstellar medium formed by the solar
wind, the heliosphere, is the largest continuous structure in the Solar System.
[24][25]
The Sun is currently traveling through the Local Interstellar Cloud (near to the
G-cloud) in the Local Bubble zone, within the inner rim of the Orion Arm of the
Milky Way.[26][27] Of the 50 nearest stellar systems within 17 light-years from
Earth (the closest being a red dwarf named Proxima Centauri at approximately 4.
2 light-years away), the Sun ranks fourth in mass.[28] The Sun orbits the center
of the Milky Way at a distance of approximately 2400026000 light-years from the
galactic center, completing one clockwise orbit, as viewed from the galactic nor
th pole, in about 225250 million years. Since the Milky Way is moving with respec
t to the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) in the direction of the con
stellation Hydra with a speed of 550 km/s, the Sun's resultant velocity with res
pect to the CMB is about 370 km/s in the direction of Crater or Leo.[29]
The mean distance of the Sun from the Earth is approximately 1 astronomical unit
(about 150,000,000 km; 93,000,000 mi), though the distance varies as the Earth
moves from perihelion in January to aphelion in July.[30] At this average distan
ce, light travels from the Sun to Earth in about 8 minutes and 19 seconds. The e
nergy of this sunlight supports almost all life[b] on Earth by photosynthesis,[3
1] and drives Earth's climate and weather. The enormous effect of the Sun on the
Earth has been recognized since prehistoric times, and the Sun has been regarde
d by some cultures as a deity. An accurate scientific understanding of the Sun d
eveloped slowly, and as recently as the 19th century prominent scientists had li
ttle knowledge of the Sun's physical composition and source of energy. This unde
rstanding is still developing; there are a number of present-day anomalies in th
e Sun's behavior that remain unexplained.http://www.google.co.in/search?q=englis
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