Vending Machine Refrigeration- some of the products dispensed by a vending machine require

refrigeration. These may be beverages, sandwiches or frozen products such as ice cream. The
refrigeration portion of the vending machine is only a small part of the mechanical and electrical
operation of the machine. This refrigeration system is similar to domestic refrigeration.
Water Coolers- are used in many public buildings to cool drinking water to a temperature similar to ice
water. The water is dispensed either through a fixture called a bubbler or through a snout used to fill a
cup.
Refrigerated Air Driers- are basically refrigeration systems located in the air supply, after the storage
tank. The air may be cooled in a heat exchanger, then moved to the storage tank where much of the
water will separate from the air.
Commercial Ice Machines- are refrigeration systems which make ice from the evaporator temperatures
between medium and low temperature ranges of about 10F with the ice at 32F. It is accomplished by
accumulating the ice on some type of evaporator surface and then catching and saving it after a defrost
cycle, commonly called the harvest cycle
Railway refrigeration- Product shipped and refrigerated by rail are mechanically refrigerated either by a
self-contained unit located at one end of the refrigerated car or by and axle-driven unit. The axle unit is
an older type and not being used to any extent now. The railcar would only have refrigeration while the
train is in motion using axle-driven units.
Cooling Towers- is a heat rejection device which extracts waste heat to the atmosphere through the
cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature. Cooling towers may either use the evaporation of water
to remove process heat and cool the working fluid to near the wet-bulb air temperature or, in the case
of closed circuit dry cooling towers, rely solely on air to cool the working fluid to near the dry-bulb air
temperature.
Refrigerator- A refrigerator (colloquially fridge) is a common household appliance that consists of a
thermally insulated compartment and a heat pump (mechanical, electronic, or chemical) that transfers
heat from the inside of the fridge to its external environment so that the inside of the fridge is cooled to a
temperature below the ambient temperature of the room. Refrigeration is an essential food storage
technique in developed countries. Lower temperatures in a confined volume lowers the reproduction rate
of bacteria, so the refrigerator reduces the rate of spoilage.
Quick Freezers- flash freezing is used in the food industry to quickly freeze perishable food items
(see frozen food). In this case, food items are subjected to temperatures well below
water's melting/freezing point (32F or 0C), which is contained as intracellular and extracellular water.
The freezing process results in the formation of ice crystals and their subsequent increase in size. The
freezing speed has direct influence on the nucleation process and the ice crystal size. Insufficient
propagation of the initially formed ice crystals is a result of a high heat removal rate and causes an
increased rate of nucleation. An increase in ice nuclei result in a decrease of ice crystals formed and
hence causing minimal damage to the cell membranes.