Consolidation 2 Page 88-89

1. LANGUAGE
1. What is a phrase?
Ans. A phrase is a group of words which forms a unit within a sentence but which does
not contain a finite verb. E.g., opening the door

2. What is a prepositional phrase?

Ans. a prepositional phrase is a group of words which forms a unit within a sentence and
begins with a preposition and does the work of a preposition.

3. Write down a sentence containing a prepositional phrase.

Ans. She is on the computer.

4. What is a participial phrase?

Ans. a participial phrase is a group of words which forms a unit within a sentence and
begins with a participle and does the work of a participle.

5. Write down a sentence containing a participial phrase.

Ans. Thomas Edison, experimenting with different materials in his laboratory, eventually
improved the light bulb.

6. What is an adjectival phrase?

Ans. a prepositional phrase is a group of words which forms a unit within a sentence and
does the work of an adjective.

7. Write down a sentence containing an adjectival phrase.

Ans. Mr. Clinton is a man of great wealth.
She is a person of great spirit.

8. What is an adverbial phrase?

Ans. an adverbial phrase is a group of words which forms a unit within a sentence and
does the work of an adverb.

9. Write down a sentence containing an adverbial phrase.

Ans.
• I'll go to bed soon.
• I'll go to bed in an hour.
• I'll go to bed when I've finished my book.

• What is a noun phrase?

Ans. a noun phrase is a group of words which forms a unit within a sentence and begins
with a noun and does the work of a noun.

10.Write down a sentence containing a noun phrase.

Ans. Do you like the car I bought last week?

11.What do we mean by apposition?

Ans. If a word or phrase is placed next to another word or phrase as an addition or an
explanation of it, we say is in apposition.
12.Write down a sentence containing a phrase in apposition.
Ans. The river Avon flows trough Stradford
Peter, the newspaper boy, was always late.

13.What do we mean by misrelated participles?

Ans. Participles or participial phrases which are not related to the correct object or person
is called misrelated participles.

14.Rewrite this sentence so that the meaning is clearer:

Swimming out to the sea, the shore looked more and more distant.
Ans. As he swam out to the sea, the shore looked more and more distant to him.
Swimming out to the sea, he found the shore looking more and more distant.

15.What is an adjectival clause?

Ans. An adjectival clause is one which forms a unit within a sentence and contains a finite
verb and it does the work of an adjective. Adjectival clauses usually begin with a relative
pronoun (who, whom, whose, which, what, that) and nearly always follow the noun or
pronoun (antecedents) they qualify or describe.

16.What does an adjectival clause normally begin with?

Ans. Adjectival clauses usually begin with a relative pronoun

17.Name the relative pronouns.

Ans. The relative pronouns are: who, whom, whose, which, what, that

18.Write down a sentence containing an adjectival clause.

Ans. The vegetables that people leave uneaten are often the most nutritious.

19.What do we mean by an antecedent?

Ans. The antecedent is the name given to the noun or pronoun which the adjectival
clause qualifies or describes.
E.g., A situation has arisen that calls for immediate action.
This is the book which you asked for.

20.What do the antecedent and the relative pronoun in a sentence share?

Ans. They share number, person & gender.

21.What does the case of a relative pronoun depend on?

Ans. The case of a relative pronoun depends on its job in its own clauses. That is, whether
the relative pronoun is in the subjective, objective or possessive case depends on the verb
or preposition in the adjectival clause.

22.When do we use the form 'who' and when do we use the form 'whom'?
Ans. ‘Who’ is used when it is the subject of the verb in its own clause; it is the form of the
relative pronoun in the subjective case.
‘Whom’ is used when it is the object of the verb in its own clause or when it is governed by
the preposition; it is the form of the relative pronoun in the objective case.

23.Rewrite this sentence choosing the correct word:

That is one of those things which is/are particularly objectionable.
Ans. That is one of those things which are particularly objectionable.
24.Rewrite this sentence choosing the correct word:
The girl who/whom he met on holiday wrote him a letter.
Ans. The girl whom he met on holiday wrote him a letter.

2. Vocabulary
1. What does the expression 'to bite someone's head off' mean?
Ans. To respond to a comment in an angry or reproachful way

2. Write a sentence containing the expression 'to doctor the accounts'

Ans.

3. What is 'hypothermia'?
Ans. the condition of having an abnormally low body temperature.

4. What is 'amnesia'?
Ans. Loss of memory due to damage to the brain, through trauma or disease, or use of
certain drugs or other psychological factors

5. What is the original meaning of the word 'disease'?

Ans. Old French desaise ‘lack of ease’

6. What does the prefix 'dis' mean?

Ans. expresses negation

7. Write down ten words beginning with the prefix 'dis'

Ans. Dismiss, disappear, dislike, disarm, dispatch, dissimilarity, disband, disappoint,
disaffirm, discard, dismantle, display, dissolve, disable, disconnect, disfigure, disgust, dispel

8. What does the expression 'flogging a dead horse mean'?

Ans. to insist on talking about something that no one is interested in, or that has already
been thoroughly discussed.

9. Write a sentence containing the expression 'straight from the horse's mouth'.
Ans. I have it from the horse's mouth that he plans to retire next month.
[meaning: From a reliable source, on the best authority. ]

10. What does the suffix '-eur' mean?

Ans. '-eur' is the French equivalent of the suffix ‘-or’ or ‘-er’ indicating an agent or the
performer of an action as in words like ‘actor’.

11. What language does '-eur' come from?

Ans. French

12. What is raconteur?

Ans. a skilful teller of anecdotes

13. What is a masseuse?

Ans. a person who provides massage professionally

14. Give three suffixes which indicate that the person is feminine.
Ans.
15. What part of the speech is the word 'hound' in this sentence?
The police were determined to hound down the criminal
Ans. verb

16. What part of speech is 'chase' in this sentence?

The pack immediately gave chase.
Ans. Noun

17. Use the word 'whip' in a sentence as a verb.

Ans. The cruel master whipped the sledge dogs.

18. Use the word 'cry' in a sentence as a noun.

Ans. I have been hearing the baby's crying since the early morning.

3. SPELLING
1. When do we use 'a' and when do we use 'a'?
Ans. ‘A’ is used before words beginning with consonant and ‘an’ is used before words
beginning with the vowels and silent ‘h’.
2. Name three words which begin with a silent 'h'.
Ans. honest, honour, hour
3. Name five different ways in which the sound 'sh' is spelled.
Ans.
4. Give two examples for each of these spellings
Ans.
5. Spell the word meaning the state of being mean.
Ans.
6. Spell the adverb formed from the adjective 'usual'.
Ans.
7. Write down the word meaning the opposite of necessary.
Ans.
8. Write down five words beginning with 'ex'.
Ans.
9. Write down ten other words containing the letter 'x'.
Ans.
10. Write down the word meaning a person you are acquainted with.
Ans.
11. The object you prefer would be your prefer___.
12. Give the noun meaning something that has occurred.
Ans.