UNIVERSITY OF THE EAST

COLLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CALOOCAN CAMPUS





EXPERIMENT NO. 1

3 PHASE SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR
OPEN AND SHORT CIRCUIT CHARACTERISTICS






SUBMITTED BY:
PEREZ, EARL JAN F.
20101113444

SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. CIMATU, SINFOROSO JR.

DATE PERFOMERED:
NOVEMBER 25, 2013

DATE SUBMITTED:
DECEMBER 2, 2013

Discussion
Synchronous generators are machines fabricated with its armature windings being
stationary and its poles able to move or rotate. At normal conditions, the rotor or the
winding of the field is usually supplied and energized by an external dc source. The
electromotive force waveform generated in a synchronous generator completes one
cycle when conductors cut the flux between pole pairs. Then, for a generator with p
poles the frequency of the generated voltage is equally proportional to the speed of the
machine.
The frequency of the generators generated voltage can be derived using the formula

Where:
p - number of pole pairs
N revolutions per minute
The flux produced from the rotor mmf can be claimed to be generating an electromotive
force due to the rotating poles. On the other hand, the emf generated which is lagging
the stator current can be related to the flux from the stator magnetomotive force.
Balanced polyphase currents in a polyphase winding outcomes a resulting magnetic
force of fixed magnitude revolving at constant speed. The total resulting flux is due to
the stator and rotor flux summations. When the synchronous generator is supplied and
loaded, the current flowing through the stator winding produces a magnetic reaction, or
the so-called armature reaction, which manipulates the value, density and distribution of
the magnetic flux in the air gap between the poles and the stator core. The variation in
terminal voltage which occurs between no-load and full-load situations for an
unchanging speed and field current is referred to as the voltage regulation of the
synchronous generator.
So as to calculate efficiently the output voltage of the generator it is fundamental to
measure the resistance from the armature reaction. This can be done by observing the
open and closed circuit characteristics of the synchronous generator.
The open generator properties relates the terminal voltage to the value of the excitation
in the field. The magnitude of the open generator voltage is equivalent to the value of
the emf induced.
On the other hand, the closed generator circuit properties relates the field excitation to
the armature reaction. It is assumed that the value of the emf induced is also equivalent
to the to the measured value of the induced emf in an open generator circuit, given the
same speed and field current. Hence, the short-circuit current can be obtained and
measured.




Conclusion
In this experiment we have tested the characteristics of a synchronous generator that is
provided, with careful compliance with the instructions in the experiment manual
provided by the manufacturer of the generator itself. We have dealt with a 3 phase
generator with its inside circuits connected in delta.
As we have followed the experimental procedures indicated in the experiment manual,
we have obtained certain observations that can be related to the theoretical properties
and assumed behaviours of the generator at the given situation and conditions.
On the first run in the experiment, we have tested the open circuit characteristic of the
generator. The first run is intended to determine the relationship of the line voltage to
the field excitation in the generator. And based on the data we acquired, we have
concluded that as we increase the field voltage, the line output voltage and the field
current increases, corresponding to the changes done in the field voltage.
On the second run in the experiment, we have tested the short-circuit characteristic of
the generator. The second run is intended to determine the relationship of the armature
reaction to the field excitation in the generator. And based on the data we acquired, we
have concluded that as we increase the field current in the generator, the line output
and the field current is also increasing in accordance with the corresponding increase in
the field current.
Lastly, on the third run, we have tested the effect of speed variation on output voltage
and frequency. The third run is dedicated to deliver the data about the relation of the
speed to the output voltage and frequency in the generator. And likewise, we have
concluded that as the speed is increased, the line output voltage and the frequency of
the synchronous generator also increases, with accordance to the magnitude of change
in the speed of the generator.