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Display device
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Nixie tubes, LED-display and VF display

A display device is an output device for presentation of information for visual, tactile
or auditive reception, acquired, stored, or transmitted in various forms. When the
input information is supplied as an electrical signal, the display is called electronic
display. Electronic displays are available for presentation of visual, tactile and
auditive information.

Tactile electronic displays (aka refreshable Braille display) are usually intended for
the blind or visually impaired, they use electro-mechanical parts to dynamically
update a tactile image (usually of text) so that the image may be felt by the fingers.

Common applications for electronic visual displays are television sets or computer
monitors.

Contents
[hide]
 1 Early devices
 2 Paper
 3 Projectors
 4 Three dimensional
 5 Mechanical types
 6 Refreshable Braille display
 7 Idiot lights
 8 Segment displays
 9 Misc
 10 See also

 11 External links

[edit] Early devices


 IBM 740
 IBM 2250
 IBM 1627
 Tektronix 4014

Digital clocks display changing numbers.


 Cathode ray tube (CRT)
o Storage tube
 Bistable display
 Electronic paper
 Nixie tube displays
 Vector display
 Flat panel display
 Vacuum fluorescent display (VF)
 Light-emitting diode (LED) displays
 Electroluminescent display (ELD)
 Plasma display panels (PDP)
 Liquid crystal display (LCD)
o HPA display
o Thin-film transistor displays (TFT)
 Organic light-emitting diode displays (OLED)
 Surface-conduction electron-emitter display (SED) (experimental)
 Laser TV (forthcoming)
 Carbon nanotubes (experimental)
 Nanocrystal displays (experimental), using quantum dots to make vibrant,
flexible screens.
 Head-mounted display

[edit] Paper
 Computer printers
o Laser printer
o Inkjet printer
o Electrostatic printer
o Thermal printer
o Industrial digital printer
 Plotters

[edit] Projectors
 Film projectors
o Movie projector
o Slide projector
 Digital projector
o Video projector
o LCD projector
 Laser projector
 Head-up display

Further information: Projector

[edit] Three dimensional


 Swept-volume display
 Varifocal mirror display
 Emissive volume display
 Laser display
 Holographic display

Further information: Volumetric display

[edit] Mechanical types


 Ticker tape (historical)
 Split-flap display (or simply flap display)
 Flip-disc display (or flip-dot display)
 Rollsign

[edit] Refreshable Braille display


See also Optacon.

[edit] Idiot lights


Main article: Idiot light

The "Check Engine" light on an automobile dashboard is the quintessential idiot light,
giving only the information that something is amiss, but not what particular
subsystem or component, nor how urgent the problem is. Neither does it give any
information about issues that may be still within acceptable limits, but trending
towards failure.

[edit] Segment displays


Some displays can show only digits or alphanumeric characters. They are called
segment displays, because they are composed of several segments that switch on and
off to give appearance of desired glyph. The segments are usually single LEDs or
liquid crystals. They are mostly used in digital watches and pocket calculators. There
are several types:

 Seven segment display (most common, digits only)


 Fourteen segment display
 Sixteen segment display
 HD44780 Character LCD a widely accepted protocol for LCDs.

[edit] Misc
 Film recorder

   
 
 

Product Information
End User Products
Professional Products     CRT Advant
Complete Productline   Copyright © 1990-2009 by Display
This article, or any part thereof, may
into any other work without the prio
Ordering
Ordering Information
Volume Discounts CRTs have plenty of shortcomings, and they're certainly not getting as much good pre
Upgrades display devices available. This article outlines their major pros and cons arranged in o
Order Online   Evaluating CRTs.

General Information
Intro to DisplayMate Principal CRT Advantages
Reviews + Awards
Best Video Hardware  

1. Resolution and Aspect Ratio


Display Information
They operate at any resolution, geometry and aspect ratio without the need for rescali
Evaluation Guides
LCD Mobile Displays  
HDTV Displays 2. Highest Resolutions
Special Informaton
Printer Calibration
Macs + Linux + Unix
CRTs run at the highest pixel resolutions generally available.
Consulting Services  
3. Black-Level and Contrast
Customer Information Produce a very dark black and the highest contrast levels normally available. Suitable
Customer Support
Join Our Mailing List
Register Online 4. Color and Gray-Scale Accuracy
Software License
Contact Us
CRTs produce the very best color and gray-scale and are the reference standard for a
levels. Other display technologies are expected to reproduce the natural power-law Ga
Company Information
About Us 5. Motion Artifacts
Contact Us CRTs have fast response times and no motion artifacts. Best for rapidly moving or cha

Website
Site Map
6. Cost
Home Page CRTs are less expensive than comparable displays using other display technologies.
Legal Terms of Use

Principal CRT Disadvantages

1. Sharpness
The CRT's Gaussian beam profile produces images with softer edges that are not as s
Generally sharper than LCDs at other than native resolutions.

2. Interference
All color CRTs produce annoying Moiré patterns. Many monitors include Moiré reducti

3. Geometric Distortion
Subject to geometric distortion and screen regulation problems. Also affected by magn

4. Brightness
Relatively bright but not as bright as LCDs. Not suitable for very brightly lit environmen

5. Screen Shape
Some CRTs have a rounded spherical or cylindrical shape screen. Newer CRTs are fl

6. Emissions
CRTs give off electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields. There is considerable con
authoritative scientific studies conclude that they are not harmful but some people rem

7. Physical
They are large, heavy, and bulky. They consume a lot of electricity and produce a lot o
Copyright © 1990-2009 by Display
This article, or any part thereof, may
into any other work without the prio

                                                                      

Copyright © 1990-2009 by DisplayMate® Technologies Corporation. All Rights Reserved.


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3D display
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This article may need to be rewritten entirely to comply with Wikipedia's
quality standards. You can help. The discussion page may contain
suggestions. (March 2009)
It has been suggested that 3-D film#Techniques be merged into this article
or section. (Discuss)
It has been suggested that 3D television#Technologies be merged into this
article or section. (Discuss)
For more information on 3D television, see 3D television.

A 3D display is any display device capable of conveying three-dimensional images to


the viewer. The optical principles of multiview auto-stereoscopy have been known for
over a century.[1] Practical displays with a high resolution have recently become
available at much lower prices. As a result, the commercialization of 3D displays for
entertainment is receiving increasing funding.

Contents
[hide]
 1 Types of 3D displays
o 1.1 Stereoscopic
o 1.2 Autostereoscopic
o 1.3 Computer-generated holography
o 1.4 Volumetric displays
 2 Problems
 3 See also
 4 References

 5 External links

[edit] Types of 3D displays


[edit] Stereoscopic

Main article: Stereoscopy

Based on the principles of stereopsis, described by Sir Charles Wheatstone in the


1830s, stereoscopic technology uses a separate device for each person viewing the
scene to provide a different image to the person's left and right eyes. Examples of this
technology include anaglyph images and polarized glasses. Stereoscopic technologies
generally involve special spectacles.
[edit] Autostereoscopic

Main article: Autostereoscopy

An evolutionary development of stereoscopy, autostereoscopic display technologies


use optical trickery at the display, rather than worn by the user, to ensure that each eye
sees the appropriate image. They generally allow the user to move their head a certain
amount without destroying the illusion of depth. Automultiscopic displays include
view-dependent pixels with different intensities and colors based on the viewing
angle; this means that a number of different views of the same scene can be seen by
moving horizontally around the display. In most automultiscopic displays the change
of view is accompanied by the breakdown of the illusion of depth, but some displays
exist which can maintain the illusion as the view changes[2].

This category of display technology includes autostereograms.

[edit] Computer-generated holography

Main article: Computer Generated Holography

The hologram is a familiar artifact of the late 20th century, and research into
holographic displays has produced devices which are able to create a light field
identical to that which would emanate from the original scene, with both horizontal
and vertical parallax across a large range of viewing angles. The effect is similar to
looking through a window at the scene being reproduced; this may make CGH the
most convincing of the 3D display technologies, but as yet the large amounts of
calculation required to generate a detailed hologram largely prevent its application
outside of the laboratory. Some companies do produce holographic imaging
equipment commercially.[3]

[edit] Volumetric displays

Main article: Volumetric display

In addition there are volumetric displays, where some physical mechanism is used to
display points of light within a volume. Such displays use voxels instead of pixels.
Volumetric displays include multiplanar displays, which have multiple display planes
stacked up; and rotating panel displays, where a rotating panel sweeps out a volume.

Other technologies have been developed to project light dots in the air above a device.
An infrared laser is focused on the destination in space, generating a small bubble of
plasma which emits visible light. As of August 2008, the experiments only allow a
rate of 100 dots per second. One of the issues which arise with this filme 3D display
system is the use of technologies that could be harmful to human eyes.

[edit] Problems
Each of these display technologies can be seen to have limitations, whether the
location of the viewer, cumbersome or unsightly equipment or great cost. Overcoming
the latter is perhaps the key challenge for the budding 3-dimensional imaging sector.
The acquisition of artifact-free 3D images remains difficult. Photographers,
videographers, and professionals in the broadcast and movie industry are unfamiliar
with the complex setup required to record 3D images. There are currently no
guidelines or standards for multi-camera parameters, placement, and post- production
processing, as there are for conventional 2D television.

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