iII Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ -¨¡Ÿ-véπ¢√®Ωç 27 -ï-†-´-J 2006

Vipula: Hi Klupta, what's new?

must
°j Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ ¢√úÕ† Ææçü¿-®√s¥©’ îª÷úøçúÕ
(àçöÀ N¨Ï-≥ƒ©’?– ÉC É°æ¤púø’ ¶«í¬ ¢√úø’-éπ- 1) The application must be in the candidate's
™éÀ ´Ææ’h†o °æ©-éπ-Jç°æ¤ ´÷ô) own handwriting = Ææyü¿-Ææ÷h-J™ Öçú≈L
Klupta: O nothing. Just getting on.
2) No column must be blank =
(àç ™‰´¤. àüÓ Å™« ïJ-T-§Ú-ûÓçC) ë«Sí¬ Öçúø-èπÿ-úøü¿’.
Vipula: Is your application for the job ready?
3) We must write = ´’†ç ®√ߪ÷L.
(job èπ◊ °æ秃-Lq† Application Æœü¿l¥ç 4) You must enclose = ïûª-°æ-®√aL.
î˨»¢√?/ ready í¬ Öçü∆?) 5) must reach = îË®√L.
Klupta: What's the hurry, Vipula? We have
´’†™ î√-™« ´’çCéÀ ûÁ©’Ææ’ – must Åçõ‰
plenty of time, haven't we?
ûª°æpEÆæJÅE. Police Officer: Even if the Governor comes,
(àçöÀ ûÌçü¿®Ω? é¬-¢√-Lq-†çûª time ÖçC, Karthik: ´’†ç lab ™ 9 éπ™«x Öçú≈L. àN’öÀ
Must be - be form = Öçú≈L; you must close shop by 10.30.
éπü∆?Plenty of =î√™«) Ç©Ææuç? úø•’s ready í¬ØË ÖçC-éπü∆?
Must + 1st RDW - Action word (Must go, must Don't forget.
Vipula: What are you talking? Only four days Sravan: Éçöx á´-®Ω÷-™‰®Ω’. ´÷ Å´’t ´îËa-ü∆é¬
write, etc,) = etc.)
¢Á∞«xL, ®√ߪ÷L, É°æ¤púø’ Ñ *†o game practice îËߪ’çúÕ.
are left, you know. You must hurry.
éÀçü¿öÀ Lesson have to/ has to, should
™ èπ◊ Çí¬L ؈’. ûª†’ ´îËaü∆é¬ Öçúø-´’E ´’K Infinitive les-
Åçõ‰ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éπü∆– Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’
(àçöÀ ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o´¤? Ééπ Ø√©’í∫’ must èπÿ î√-™« ü¿í∫_®Ω Ææç•çüµ¿ç ÖçC – Å®Ωnç™, í∫öÀdí¬ îÁ°œpçC. sons ™ N´-Jçî√ç– to + Ist Regular Doing
®ÓV™‰í¬ ÖçC?ûªy®Ω-°æ-ú≈L) must
Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫ç™. °j Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ N°æ¤© †’ Karthik: ´’-†ç 9 éπ™«x lab ™ Öçú≈L, éπ*a-ûªçí¬. Word. eg: to go, to come, to know, etc, OöÀE
left = N’T-LçC
(must
E•ç-üµ¿-†©’, Åçõ‰ ûª°æp-E-Ææ-Jí¬ Öçú≈-Lq-†O ؈’ ¢Á∞¡xØ√? ´‚úø’ Nüµ∆-©’í¬ ¢√úøû√ç.
Klupta: Dad's going to fill it in tonight and it will Sravan: Åçûª -éπç-í¬-È®ç-ü¿’èπ◊? °æéπ\ØË ÖØ√oúø’í¬ 1) ¢Á∞¡xôç, ®√´ôç, ûÁ-L-ߪ’ôç/ ûÁ©’Ææ’-éÓ-´ôç, ÅØË
be) / (must + 1st RDW)
îËߪ÷-Lq-†O ¢√úøôç
be ready by tomorrow afternoon. ÅPyE. ¢√úÕ bike O’ü¿ ¢Á∞«lç. Å®ΩnçûÓ.
í∫´’-Eç-î√®Ω’ éπü∆. éÀçCN èπÿú≈ îª÷úøçúÕ.
(´÷ Ø√†o É¢√∞¡ ®√vA application °æ‹Jh b) To go now will be the right thing
a) Voters must show their ID cards to the polling
ready
îË≤ƒh®Ω’. Í®°æ¤ ´’üµ∆u-£æ…o-E-éπ™«x í¬ police officer: time ? É°æ¤púø’ ¢Á∞¡xôç ÆæÈ®jç-Cí¬ Öçô’çC.
Officers = É°æ¤púø’ áçûª
Öçô’çC.) Shopkeeper: 10.30 2) ¢Á∞«x-©E, ®√¢√-©E, ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√-©E ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ
Voters polling officers cards
èπ◊ ûª´’ í∫’Jhç°æ¤ ü∆öÀçC.
Police officer: 10.30 shop I want to go = ¢Á∞«x-©E ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’.
(ID cards = Identity cards) îª÷§ƒL. (E•ç-üµ¿†) éπ™«x ´‚ÂÆ-ߪ÷u-©E
3) ¢Á∞¡x-ö«-EéÀ, ®√´-ö«-EéÀ, ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ö«-EéÀ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ
b) Students must get their own geometry box to -ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ü∆? ´‚ÂÆ-ߪ÷u-L- O’-J-°æ¤púø’.
a) He is getting ready to go
the exam = Shopkeeper: •ßª’ô showcase ÖçC. ü∆Eo
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
°æK-éπ~èπ◊ Nü∆u-®Ω’n©’ ¢√∞¡x ≤Òçûª ¢Á∞¡x-ö«-EéÀ ûªßª÷-®Ω-´¤-ûª’-Ø√oúø’
103 Geometry box ûÁa-éÓ-¢√L. (E•ç-üµ¿†) -™°æ©Â°ö«dL. she is going out to buy a book
°æ¤Ææhéπç é̆-ö«-EéÀ ¢Á∞hçC.
game. É™«çöÀ infinitives Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç*
É°æ¤púø’

You must finish the work

sentences form îËߪ’ôç – áEo îËߪ’-í∫-L-TûË ÅEo,
áEo varieties Å®·ûË ÅEo – statements &
questions, negative sentences (no/ not/
never dialogue form
ûÓ, O©-®·ûË ™.
eg:
Varun: When will you 1) She wants to sing §ƒú≈-©E ņ’-èπ◊ç-öçC
Vipula: Klupta, don't talk like a child. Don't you Police officer:
؈’ ´’Sx O’ shop 10.30 ûª®√yûª 2) To smoke is not good for health.
be back,
know that the application must be in the ( smoke îËߪ’ôç Ç®Ó-í¬u-EéÀ ´’ç*Cé¬ü¿’)
Kuber? ûÁ®Ω* Öçúøôç îª÷úø-èπÿ-úøü¿’,
candidate's own hand writing? It must ûÁL-Æœçü∆? 3) She has came to borrow a book from me
(èπ◊¶‰®˝, á°æ¤púø’
be complete in with all particulars. No Shopkeeper: ÉçéÓ police officer à¢Ó- éÌ-†-ú≈-EéÀ
(Ø√ ü¿í∫_®Ω °æ¤Ææhéπç BÆæ’éÓ-´-ö«-EéÀ ´*açC)
AJ-íÌ-≤ƒh¢˛?) 4) Where do you want to go now?
column must be blank. If a column does
Kuber: Only after 5. Till ´î√a®Ω’. ÅC é̆ôç °æ‹®Ωh-ßË’u-ü∆é¬
not apply to us, we must write in it, shop ûÁJ-* -Öç-îª-´’E Çïc Éî√a®Ω’,
É°æ¤púø’ áéπ\-úÕéÀ ¢Á∞«x-©E ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o´¤?
then I must be 5) Vasanth: Which college do you want to
Does not apply / Not applicable' No
at office. I must M. SURESAN sir.
join?
dashes either. Police officer: Governor
close the accounts before I leave office. ´*aØ√ ®√vA 10.30èπ◊ Hemanth: I have come to consult you.
(*†o-°œ-©x™« ´÷ö«x-úøèπ◊. O’ Ø√†o fill shop
office
(5 í∫çô© ûª®√yûË. Åçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ ™ØË éπõ„d-ߪ÷uL. ´’Ja-§Úèπ◊. Vasanth: To join our college will be the
îËߪ’ôç (Eç°æôç) àN’öÀ? Application
Öçú≈L. Office accounts
´C-™‰-´·çü¿’, Answers: best.
ŶµºuJn Ææyü¿-Ææ÷h-JûÓ Öçú≈L. ÅEo N´-®√-©ûÓ close Hemanth: But to join your college will be
°æ‹Jhí¬ Öçú≈L. à column èπÿú≈ ë«Sí¬
èπÿú≈ îËߪ÷L) a) Karthik: Are you ready? Shall we start?
kuber, must duties expensive, won't it?
Öçúø-èπÿ-úøü¿’. ´’†èπ◊ ´Jhç-îªE column
Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ †’ ûª† Sravan: Wait I must pay the fees today. Let me
(office É™«ç-öÀN Ñ game practice ™ îËߪ’çúÕ.
àüÁj-Ø√ Öçõ‰ Does not apply/ Not appli-
îÁÊ°pç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úø’-ûª’-Ø√oúø’ éπü∆? ™ Öçú≈- get the money.
Karthik: Why can't you pay tomorrow?
-v°æ-¨¡o:
Lq† Æ洒ߪ’ç, îËߪ÷-Lq† °æ†’©’ – É™«çöÀ Nüµ¿’©’/
cable ÅE ®√ߪ÷L. Dash ©’ ™«çöÀN
duties) ÉN must èπ◊ -Ö†o È®çúÓ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç – Sravan: From tomorrow, we must pay a fine of
èπÿú≈ Öçúø-èπÿ-úøü¿’.) Must expresses duties.
Candidate (é¬uEf-úÁ-ß˝’ö¸ – é¬u, bank ™ b ™«í¬ Rs.10/- per day. †’-´¤y -´’®Ω-*-§Ú-û√-¢Ë-¢Á÷-†-E í∫’®Ω’h -îË-¨»-†’.
Udaya: May I go now Madam? 'Lest you should forget that I have
é¬u ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç) = ŶµºuJn particulars (°æöÀ-
(¢Á-∞Ôx-î√açúŒ?) Karthik: We must be at the lab by 9. What's the
Sandhya: No. You must stay here for another reminded you' Ñ ¢√éπuç ÆæÈ®j-†-
èπ◊u-©ñ¸ öÀ ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç, r silent, *´J ñ¸, delay? You have the money.
hour; understand? You must finish Lest
üËØ√? ´ÊÆ h should ®√¢√-L -éπü∆?
size ™ z ™«í∫) = N´-®√©’. blank = -ë«-S. Sravan: No one is at home. I must/ have to wait
the work I have given you and then i) ¢√úÕûÓ Øˆ’ îÁ§ƒpE îÁ°æ¤p Fèπ◊ Ç °æE-îËÆ œ °úø-û√úø’.-
Does not apply/ Not applicable = ´Jhç-îªü¿’. till mother comes back. She has told
only leave. ii) †’´¤y Å™« ņ’-èπ◊ç-ö«-´E Ø√èπ◊ ´·çüË ûÁ©’Ææ’.
No... either = 'no' -ûÓ é¬F, not ûÓ é¬F also me that I must wait till she is back.
-O-öÀ-E ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ᙫ îÁ§ƒpL?
¢√úø-èπÿ-úøü¿’. Å™«ç-ô-°æ¤púø’, No/ not either
(™‰ü¿’. ÉçéÓ í∫çô Öçú≈L †’Ny-éπ\úø. Karthik: We must be at the lab at 9. Shall I go?
iii) old boy Åçõ‰ close friend ÅØË Å®Ωnç éπÈ®-ÍédØ√?
Åçö«ç. Column = 鬩ç = Application ™
ØËE-*a† °æE °æ‹JhîËÆœ† ûª®√yûË ¢Á∞«xL Sravan: Why are you so worried? Aswini is – ®√ñ¸- π◊-´÷®˝, ü¿Jz
ÅúÕÍí Å稻©’ – Åçü¿’èπ◊ ´’†ç ®√ߪ’-ö«-EéÀ
†’´¤y. -ûÁ-LÆœçü∆?)
Ééπ\úø Sandhya ´÷ô©Fo commands/ orders
here. We can go on his bike. -ï-¢√-•’: 1. †’´¤y ´’Ja-§Ú-û√-¢Ë¢Á÷†E í∫’®Ω’h î˨»†’ –
ÖüËl-Pç-*† ë«S Ææn©ç) b) Police officer: What is the time now? DEéÀ correct English - I have reminded you
= Çïc©’. Åçõ‰ ÇïcL-´y-ö«-EéÀ èπÿú≈ must Shopkeeper: Past 10.30 lest you (should) forget.
Klupta: I don't know how to fill in properly.
¢√úøû√ç. Police officer: Don't you know that you must 'That I have reminded you; ûª°æ¤p
(´’J- Ø√èπ◊ ÆæJí¬ Eç°æôç ®√ü¿’. É°æpöÀ´®Ωèπ◊ ´’†ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊†o must uses: 2. Start early lest you should be late
Properly = v§ƒ°æ-L = ÆæJí¬_) close shop by 10.30? you must
1) Rules (E•ç-üµ¿-†-©èπ◊) 2) duties (Nüµ¿’-©èπ◊) close it now. Ç©Ææuç é¬èπ◊ç-ú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ûªy®Ωí¬ •ßª’-™‰l®Ω’.
Vipula: Take your dad's help. Remember too
3) commands/ orders (Çïc-©èπ◊) Shopkeeper: The showcase is outside. I 3. He carried an umbrella lest he (should) get
that you must enclose all the certifi- drenched
Now practice the following in English: must keep it in.
cates. The application must reach the ûªúÕ-Æœ-§Ú-èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊ íÌúø’í∫’ BÂÆ\-∞«xúø’.
office on or before the 31st January. a) Police officer: I must not see the shop open
No 1, No 3 sentences ™ should omit îËߪ’-´îª’a.
fill certifi- Karthik: †’´¤y ready Ø√? •ßª’-™‰l-®Ω’-ü∆´÷? after 10.30 again; understand?
(O’ Ø√†o ≤ƒßª’çûÓ îÁß˝’. ÅEo No. 2 ™ èπÿú≈ should lest you be late
BÊÆÆœ,
cates Application, office
ïûª-°æ-®√aL. Ç èπ◊, Sravan: é¬Ææh Çí∫’. ؈’ Ñ®Ó-V °∂‘V-éπ-ö«dL. Shopkeeper: Some other Police Officer came ņ-´îª’a. Lest = so that not.
31 st Jan ™‰ü∆ Åç-ûªèπ◊´·çü¿’í¬-F îË®√L. Åçü¿’-éπE úø•’s ûÁa-èπ◊ç-ö«†’. here to buy something. He i) Tell him it is from me. He will do it.
Certificate - ÆæöÀ-°∂œ-Èé-ß˝’ö¸ – Èé ØÌéÀ\ Karthik: Í®°æ¤ éπôd-èπÿ-úøü¿÷? ordered me to keep the shop (It is from me = ؈’ îÁ§ƒp-†E îÁ°æ¤p)
°æ©’-èπ◊û√ç) Sravan: Í®°æöÀ†’ç* ®ÓVèπ◊ Rs 10/- ïJ-´÷† éπö«dLq open until his purchases are ii) I knew that you would think so.
complete, sir. iii) Close friend old boy
†’, correct,
ņôç
Klupta: I must hurry up. (Å®·ûË Øˆ’ ûªy®Ω°æ-ú≈L) Öçô’çC.
(Purchases = é̆’-íÓ©’) Ææ®Ωy-≤ƒ-üµ∆-®Ωùç.
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm